{"id":55043,"date":"2025-10-21T14:05:51","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T06:05:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=55043"},"modified":"2025-10-21T14:32:34","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T06:32:34","slug":"%e5%90%8e%e5%8c%85%e8%b1%aa%e6%96%af%e4%b8%8e%e7%ba%b3%e7%b2%b9%ef%bc%8c%e6%a0%bc%e7%bd%97%e7%9a%ae%e4%b9%8c%e6%96%af%e7%9a%84%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%89%e5%b8%9d%e5%9b%bd%e6%97%b6%e5%85%89%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=55043","title":{"rendered":"\u540e\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\u65f6\u5149\uff08\u4e0a\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6765\u6e90: \u7eb8\u4e0a\u5efa\u7b51IPA<\/p>\n

\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8bf4\u7684\u6545\u4e8b<\/strong><\/p>\n

1937\u5e743\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u4e0e\u59bb\u5b50\u827e\u65af\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u4e0e\u670b\u53cb\u544a\u522b\u540e\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u524d\u5f80\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4f4d\u66fe\u521b\u7acb\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u73b0\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4ea7\u751f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u9886\u8896\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c3d\u5982\u4eba\u610f\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u79bb\u5f00\u7956\u56fd\u6765\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u672a\u6709\u6240\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u7ade\u8d5b\u4f9d\u65e7\u6210\u4e3a\u70ae\u7070\uff0c\u95f2\u6687\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u80fd\u9760\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5bb6\u5177\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u629a\u6170\u59cb\u7ec8\u5b58\u4e8e\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\uff08Walter Gropius, 1883-1969\uff09\u4e0e\u59bb\u5b50\uff08Ise Gropius, 1897-1983\uff09\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u6ed1\u94c1\u5362\u8f66\u7ad9\uff0c1937\u5e743\u670812\u65e5<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u9662\u5411\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u629b\u6765\u4e86\u6a44\u6984\u679d\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u80fd\u591f\u6765\u6b64\u4efb\u6559\u3002\u5bf9\u4ed6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u82e5\u63a5\u53d7\u9080\u7ea6\uff0c\u90a3\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7956\u56fd\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u6dfb\u7816\u52a0\u74e6\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u60f3\u5230\u5168\u7403\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u66f4\u591a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u524d\u5f80\u54c8\u4f5b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u683c\u8001\u5e08\u548c\u54c8\u4f5b\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c1946\u5e74<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\uff0c\u8d74\u7f8e\u4e4b\u524d\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u4fbf\u81ea\u5e26\u5149\u73af\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u540e\u5728\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6210\u529f\u8fd8\u662f\u5927\u5927\u8d85\u4e4e\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u3002\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66GSD\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u9886\u5bfc\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u9886\u8896\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5176\u9000\u4f11\u540e\u4f9d\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u6559\u80b2\u8303\u5f0f\u5f71\u54cd\u81f3\u4eca\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u548c\u5f1f\u5b50\u5171\u540c\u521b\u7acb\u4e86TAC\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u9879\u76ee\u904d\u5e03\u5168\u7403\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u548cTAC\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\uff08The Architects Collaborative\uff09\u7684\u4e03\u5927\u91d1\u521a<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u629b\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8000\u773c\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4e45\u5c45\u795e\u575b\u7684\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u548c\u5947\u8469\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n

1.<\/strong>\u4ed6\u5728\u5efa\u7b51\u4f5c\u54c1\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u5e76\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51F4\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e09\u4f4d\u76f8\u6bd4\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3aF4\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u5b66\u79d1\u73ed\u51fa\u8eab\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u8d62\u5728\u8d77\u8dd1\u7ebf\u4e0a\u3002\u5f53\u67ef\u5e03\u897f\u8036\u3001\u5bc6\u65af\u8fd8\u5728\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u571f\u8c6a\u7532\u65b9\u7684\u4f4f\u5b85\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53c8\u8981\u6539\u56fe\u800c\u9a82\u5a18\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u6cd5\u53e4\u65af\u5de5\u5382\u3001\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5236\u9020\u8054\u76df\u5c55\u79d1\u9686\u9986\u7b49\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5927\u578b\u73b0\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd8\u6709\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u6821\u820d\uff08Bauhaus Building, 1926\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u540e\u671f\u5374\u5e76\u672a\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u4e09\u4f4d\u5927\u5e08\u90a3\u6837\u6770\u4f5c\u9891\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u548c\u963f\u9053\u592b\u00b7\u8fc8\u8036\uff0c\u6cd5\u53e4\u65af\u5de5\u5382\uff08Fagus-Werk Factory\uff09\uff0c1911<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u548c\u963f\u9053\u592b\u00b7\u8fc8\u8036\uff0c\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5236\u9020\u8054\u76df\u5c55\u79d1\u9686\u9986\uff08Model Factory of the Deutscher Werkbund Exhibition in Cologne\uff09\uff0c1914<\/p>\n

2.<\/strong>\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u753b\u56fe\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u9ed1\u70b9\u201d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u4e0e\u522b\u4eba\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u963f\u9053\u592b\u00b7\u8fc8\u8036\u3001\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u00b7\u798f\u83b1\u3001\u5e03\u7f57\u4f0a\u5c14\u5230TAC\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4eba\u5230\u4e03\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u82f1\u96c4\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u662f\u6781\u5c11\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u8d56\u7279\u5c31\u66fe\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u54c1\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u4f60\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u6211\u7684\u201d\uff1b\u800c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u201d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u5408\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\uff0c\u4ece\u5de6\u81f3\u53f3\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\uff1a\u963f\u9053\u592b\u00b7\u8fc8\u8036\uff08Adolf Meyer, 1881-1929\uff09\u3001\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u00b7\u798f\u83b1\uff08Maxwell Fry, 1899-1987\uff09\u3001\u5e03\u7f57\u4f0a\u5c14\uff08Marcel Breuer, 1902-1981\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

3.<\/strong>\u4ed6\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4f55\u7ecf\u8425\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u5374\u8f9e\u53bb\u6821\u957f\u4e00\u804c\uff1f\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u5e73\u5b89\u65e0\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u516d\u5e74\u5374\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e24\u4efb\u6821\u957f\u5e76\u76f4\u81f3\u5173\u95e8\u3002\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u82e5\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u7ee7\u7eed\u62c5\u4efb\u6821\u957f\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7ee7\u66f4\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u907f\u514d\u5173\u95e8\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff1f<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e24\u4efb\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u6821\u957f\uff1a1928-1930\u4efb\u671f\u7684\u6c49\u7eb3\u65af\u00b7\u8fc8\u8036\u548c1930-1933\u4efb\u671f\u7684\u5bc6\u65af<\/p>\n

4.<\/strong>\u4ed61928\u5e74\u79bb\u5f00\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\uff0c\u4f461937\u5e74\u624d\u5230\u8fbe\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u8fd9\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\uff08\u9b3c\u77e5\u9053\uff09\u4ed6\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n

5.<\/strong>\u4ed6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u5f97\u54c8\u4f5b\u7684\u6559\u804c\uff0c\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u63a8\u5e7f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9690\u7792\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6d78\u900f\u7740\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u7684\u82df\u4e14\u548c\u8fdc\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u9732\u897f\u5a05\u00b7\u83ab\u970d\u4f0a\uff08\u83ab\u970d\u4f0a\u00b7\u7eb3\u5409\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\uff09\u4e3a\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u5927\u5934\u7167\uff0c1927\u5e74<\/p>\n

\u60f3\u8981\u641e\u6e05\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6545\u4e8b\u9700\u8981\u4ece1928\u5e74\u8bf4\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u5e74\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u8f9e\u53bb\u4e86\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u6821\u957f\u4e00\u804c\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u4ece\u4e8b\u5fc3\u5fc3\u5ff5\u5ff5\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u90a3\u4e9b\u725b\u903c\u95ea\u95ea\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u540c\u6837\u62e5\u6709\u65e0\u6bd4\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u4f46\u5df2\u7ecf\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u4e16\u754c\u5efa\u7b51\u53f2\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7b51\u4f5c\u54c1\u6765\u63a8\u52a8\u4ed6\u6240\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u5efa\u7b51\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u6821\u820d\u5916\u4e0a\u5efa\u7b51\u7406\u8bba\u8bfe\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c1932\u5e74<\/p>\n

\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5efa\u7b51\u4e3b\u5f20\u90fd\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u5411\u4e0d\u8c0b\u800c\u5408\u3002<\/strong>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u5728\u5176\u6821\u957f\u4efb\u671f\u5185\u5c31\u66fe\u516c\u5f00\u8bba\u8ff0\u8fc7\u6280\u672f\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u548c\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u8ba8\u8bba\u673a\u5668\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u6807\u51c6\u7684\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3001\u6279\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u9884\u5236\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5c31\u662f\u7eff\u8272\u5efa\u7b51\u3002<\/strong>\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4f4f\u5b85\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u56db\u5c42\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u62e5\u6709\u82b1\u56ed\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u4eba\u4eec\u90fd\u80fd\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u7eff\u6811\u73af\u62b1\u3001\u5360\u5929\u5360\u5730\u7684\u4f18\u7f8e\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9f9f\u7f29\u5728\u62d4\u5730\u800c\u8d77\u7684\u6469\u5929\u5927\u697c\u4e2d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7eff\u8272\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5c31\u66fe\u63d0\u5021\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u9003\u79bb\u4e0d\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e61\u6751\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u7b49\uff0c\u5361\u5c14\u65af\u9c81\u5384\u4f4f\u5b85\u9879\u76ee\uff08Karlsruhe-Dammerstock\u00a0Housing Development\uff09\uff0c1929\u5e74<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u6280\u672f\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u6b23\u8d4f\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u548c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002<\/strong>\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\uff08the Third Reich, 1933-1945\uff09\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u3001\u6700\u524d\u6cbf\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee5\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u793e\u7fa4\u4e3b\u4e49\u6982\u5ff5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u793e\u533a\uff08Volksgemeinschaft\uff09\u5b8c\u5168\u5951\u5408\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u62a5\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u300b\uff08V\u00f6lkischer Beobachter\uff09\u57281920\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fd8\u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u652f\u6301\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4f4f\u5b85\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n

1926\u5e74\u81f31932\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u3001\u5361\u5c14\u65af\u9c81\u5384\u3001\u5fb7\u7ecd\u7b49\u5730\u5c31\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u4ee3\u8868\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8d28\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u4f4f\u5b85\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u62e5\u6324\u4e0d\u582a\u3001\u80ae\u810f\u7684\u516c\u5bd3\uff0c\u642c\u8fdb\u4e86\u5d2d\u65b0\u7684\u4f4f\u5b85\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u7b49\uff0c\u5fb7\u7ecd\u4f4f\u5b85\u9879\u76ee\uff08Dessau\u00a0T\u00f6rten Estate\uff09\uff0c1929\u5e74<\/p>\n

\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u5bf9\u6539\u5584\u57ce\u5e02\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8d28\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6240\u5ba3\u626c\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u53d1\u5c55\u89c2\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5171\u901a\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u7684\u4f4f\u533a\u62e5\u6709\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4fe1\u5949\u7684\u201c\u9c9c\u8840\u4e0e\u7956\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u5c31\u662f\u7eb3\u7cb9\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u5c55\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u81ea\u4fe1\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\u8c0b\u6709\u4e00\u5e2d\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u80cc\u666f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65e0\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u751f\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u4e14\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u662f\u4e2a\u201c\u5b98\u5bcc\u5efa\u4e09\u4ee3\u5408\u4e00\u201d\u3002\u7236\u4eb2\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e8e\u67cf\u6797\u5efa\u59d4\uff0c\u53d4\u53d4\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\uff0c\u66fe\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd19\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u8f9b\u514b\u5c14\uff08Karl Friedrich Schinkel, 1781-1841\uff09\u7684\u5c5e\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u53d4\u53d4\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\uff08Martin Gropius, 1824-1880\uff09\u548c\u9752\u5e74\u65f6\u7684\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af<\/p>\n

\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u5de5\u4e1a\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b66\u9662\uff08Technische Hochschule in Berlin)\u5b66\u4e60\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u5de5\u4e1a\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8d1d\u4f26\u65af\uff08Peter Behrens, 1868-1940\uff09\u5efa\u7b51\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u4e24\u4f4d\u5927\u5c71\u91cc\u8d70\u51fa\u6765\u5c4c\u4e1d\uff1a\u5bc6\u65af\u548c\u67ef\u5e03\u3002\u5bc6\u65af\u5c31\u66fe\u8bf4\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u8981\u5de5\u8d44\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u8d1d\u4f26\u65af\u5efa\u7b51\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\uff081908\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5de6\u4e00\u662f\u5bc6\u65af\uff0c\u53f3\u4e00\u5728\u770b\u56fe\u7684\u662f\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u6218\u65f6\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u66f4\u662f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u9a91\u5175\u56e2\u6210\u5458\u3002\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u770b\u91cd\u9636\u7ea7\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u9a91\u5175\u56e2\u53ef\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u60f3\u52a0\uff0c\u76f8\u52a0\u5c31\u80fd\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u5728\u4e00\u6218\u65f6\u7684\u5236\u670d\u7167<\/p>\n

\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u62e5\u6709\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u7fa1\u6155\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u9b45\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u65b9\u9762\u6781\u5176\u6210\u529f\u7684\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u4e5f\u575a\u4fe1\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u540c\u6837\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u30021933\u5e7412\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u867d\u672a\u52a0\u5165\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\u89c6\u89c9\u827a\u672f\u90e8\uff08\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6587\u5316\u90e8\uff09\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u7f16\u53f7706\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u5efa\u7b51\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u827a\u672f\u90e8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bc1<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bc1\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u663e\u7684\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7b7e\u540d\u6f47\u6d12\u98d8\u9038\uff0c\u4f46\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\u7d27\u95ed\u5634\u5df4\uff0c\u795e\u60c5\u4e25\u8083\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u5e76\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u60b2\u4f24\u548c\u6124\u6068\u3002\u4ed6\u6df1\u77e5\u81ea\u5df1\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u5f20\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bc1\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u7684\u62b1\u8d1f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4e71\u55b7\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u5b9e\u529b\u7529\u9505<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u5165\u89c6\u89c9\u827a\u672f\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u4ea6\u5e08\u4ea6\u53cb\u7684\u8d35\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u89c6\u89c9\u827a\u672f\u90e8\u7684\u9996\u4efb\u90e8\u957f\u6b27\u6839\u00b7\u80e1\u5b81\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u8bf8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u906d\u9047\u6124\u6124\u4e0d\u5e73\uff0c\u62b1\u6028\u5176\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u592a\u591a\u6765\u81ea\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u8bfd\u8c24\u3002\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u540e\u6765\u5171\u540c\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u610f\u5927\u5229\u672a\u6765\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Futurism\uff091934\u5e74\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u5c55\u89c8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9a6c\u91cc\u5185\u8482\u5728\u5f00\u5e55\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6b27\u6839\u00b7\u80e1\u5b81\uff08Eugen H\u00f6nig, 1873-1945\uff09\u548c\u9a6c\u91cc\u5185\u8482\uff08Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, 1876-1944\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e24\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u540c\u4e3a\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u7684\u80e1\u5b81\u8fd8\u548c\u597d\u57fa\u53cbAlexander von Senger, Konrad Nonn, German Bestelmeyer\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8212\u5c14\u8328\u00b7\u519c\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Paul Schultze-Naumburg, 1869-1949\uff09\u7ec4\u56e2\u4ee3\u8868\u7eb3\u7cb9\u731b\u70c8\u5730\u653b\u51fb\u4e86\u4ee5\u201c\u73af\u793e\uff08the Ring\uff09\u201d\u3001\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u70ed\u8840\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u5c0f\u961f\u2014\u2014\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5efa\u7b51\u5de5\u7a0b\u6218\u6597\u8054\u76df\uff08KDAI , Kampfbund deutscher Architekten und Ingenieure\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5728\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u62a5\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u6c99\u9f99\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\uff08elegant salon-bolshevist\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u5927\u6559\u5802\uff08the cathedral of Marxism\uff09\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4eb2\u5207\u63a5\u89c1\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5efa\u7b51\u5de5\u7a0b\u6218\u6597\u8054\u76df\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u4eec\uff0c1933\u5e74<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u80e1\u5b81\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u63a8\u52a8\u4ea7\u5b66\u7814\u6df1\u5ea6\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u627f\u5305\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u80e1\u5b81\u5e76\u672a\u53d7\u60e0\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u7f57\u68ee\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Alfred Rosenberg, 1893-1946\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u8fd8\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7f57\u68ee\u4f2f\u683c\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u548c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u89c6\u5bdf\u5de5\u4f5c<\/p>\n

\u80e1\u5b81\u4e0d\u4f46\u5728\u7eb3\u7cb9\u65e9\u671f\u5141\u8bb8\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u52a0\u5165\u6587\u5316\u90e8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u53f3\u6d3e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e3a\u8868\u73b0\u4e3b\u4e49\u753b\u5bb6\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u4f69\u514b\u65af\u5766\uff08Max Pechstein, 1881-1955\uff09\u4e3e\u529e\u5c55\u89c8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u62e5\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u80e1\u5b81\u4e5f\u4e00\u5ea6\u6210\u4e3a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u65e9\u5e74\u95f4\u73b0\u4ee3\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u4eec\u62b1\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u57281936\u5e74\u672b\u79bb\u5f00\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5168\u9762\u53cd\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u503e\u5411\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u610f\u601d\u3002\u6700\u521d\u5728\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u662f\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff08November-Group\uff09\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u6709\u5de6\u7ffc\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u57281922\u5e74\u4e3a\u5361\u666e\u653f\u53d8\uff08Kapp Putsch in Weimar\uff09\u7684\u727a\u7272\u8005\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u5ea7\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u4e3a\u5361\u666e\u653f\u53d8\u727a\u7272\u8005\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\uff08Monument to the March Dead , 1922\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u6821\u957f\u540e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u96c7\u4f63\u5eb7\u5b9a\u65af\u57fa\uff08Wassily Kandinsky, 1866-1944\uff09\u524d\u6765\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u800c\u5eb7\u5b9a\u65af\u57fa\u66fe\u5e2e\u52a9\u5217\u5b81\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u6587\u5316\u827a\u672f\u9662\u30021923\u5e74\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u8fd8\u8058\u7528\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u5e93\u6069\u00b7\u8d1d\u62c9\uff08B\u00e9la Kun, 1886-1939\uff09\u5308\u7259\u5229\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u6743\u7684\u83ab\u970d\u4f0a-\u7eb3\u5409\uff08L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Moholy-Nagy, 1895-1946\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u3002\u4ece\u5de6\u81f3\u53f3\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1aJosef Albers, Hinnerk Scheper, Georg Muche, L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Moholy-Nagy, Herbert Bayer, Joost Schmidt, Walter Gropius, Marcel Breuer, Vassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, Lyonel Feininger, Gunta St\u00f6lzl, Oskar Schlemmer\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u5185\u5fc3\u53c8\u85cf\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u5927\u79d8\u5bc6\u3002\u4ed6\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7acb<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0d\u60f3\u628a\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u641e\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u5927\u6559\u5802\u201d\uff1b\u4ed6\uff08\u540e\u6765\u5bc6\u65af\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff09\u544a\u8beb\u5b66\u751f\u4e0d\u8981\u53c2\u52a0\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c1920\u5e74\u88ab\u653f\u5e9c\u6740\u5bb3\u7684\u7f62\u5de5\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u846c\u793c\uff1b\u4ed6\u4e0d\u65ad\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u6297\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u5de6\u7ffc\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e71\u55b7\u800c\u8eba\u67aa\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u53ea\u80fd\u5b9e\u529b\u7529\u9505\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u3002<\/strong>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5199\u7ed9\u5fb7\u7ecd\u5e02\u957f\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u5c31\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c 1923\u5e74\u65bd\u83b1\u9ed8\uff08Oskar Schlemmer, 1888-1943\uff09\u5728\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u5c55\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5f15\u8d77\u5bf9\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5927\u6559\u5802\uff08Cathedral of Socialism\uff09\u201d\u8bef\u8bfb\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u4f11\u5047\u65f6\u516c\u5e03\u7684\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u4ed6\u5c31\u4e0b\u4ee4\u9500\u6bc1\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u300a\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\uff08The Bauhaus Manifesto, 1919\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d39\u5b81\u683c\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5927\u6559\u5802\u201d\u7684\u7248\u753b<\/p>\n

\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u6821\u957f\u6c49\u7eb3\u65af\u00b7\u8fc8\u8036\uff08Hannes Meyer,1889-1954\uff09\u5212\u6e05\u754c\u9650\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u201c\u9c9c\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u6821\u957f\u201d\u662f\u4e2a\u5341\u8db3\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u7b80\u76f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u662f\u5efa\u7b51\u754c\u7684\u5207\u00b7\u683c\u74e6\u62c9\uff08Che Guevara, 1928-1967\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u6709\u9650\u7684\u751f\u547d\u90fd\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u201c\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u906d\u5230\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u548c\u5eb7\u5b9a\u65af\u57fa\u7b49\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fb7\u7ecd\u5e02\u957f\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u800c\u57281930\u5e748\u67081\u65e5\u4ee5\u201c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u9634\u8c0b\u201d\u4e3a\u7531\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u5fb7\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u745e\u58eb\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u643a\u4f17\u5f92\u5f1f\u6765\u5230\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u4efb\u6559\u4e8e\u83ab\u5efa\u5de5\uff0c\u5e76\u6295\u8eab\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e94\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\uff081928-1932\uff09\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\u3002\u540e\u6765\u7531\u4e8e\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u5927\u6e05\u6d17\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u88ab\u8feb\u57281939\u5e74\u8f97\u8f6c\u6765\u5230\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7ee7\u7eed\u201c\u9769\u547d\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u521a\u5230\u82cf\u8054\u65f6\u7684\u6c49\u7eb3\u65af\u2022\u8fc8\u8036\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u548c\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u5408\u7167\uff08\u6444\u4e8e1930\u5e74\uff09<\/p>\n

\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u6781\u529b\u53cd\u5bf9\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u3002<\/strong>\u53ef\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u6d88\u89e3\u6c49\u7eb3\u65af\u00b7\u8fc8\u8036\u5bf9\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u5185\u90e8\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u548c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u7a7f\u4e00\u6761\u88e4\u5b50\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4efb\u6821\u957f\u5bc6\u65af\u4e5f\u672a\u80fd\u529b\u633d\u72c2\u6f9c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u6700\u7ec8\u57281933\u5e74\u5173\u95e8\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u751f\u5c71\u8107\u5dcc\uff08Iwao Yamawaki, 1898-1987\uff09\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u300a\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u7ed3\u5c40\u300b\u7684\u62fc\u8d34\u753b\uff08The attack on the Bauhaus, 1932\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fb7\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002<\/strong>\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u5bb6\u5ead\u51fa\u8eab\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4e00\u6218\u4e2d\u62c5\u4efb\u9a91\u5175\u56e2\u5b98\u5458\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u70b9\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u79bb\u5f00\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u4ee5\u5fb7\u8bed\u95ee\u5019\uff1b\u65e0\u8bba\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u90fd\u4e0d\u65f6\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u30021938\u5e74\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u6210\u4e3aGSD\u5efa\u7b51\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u540e\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u7f34\u7eb3\u5e1d\u56fd\u98de\u884c\u7a0e\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u7a0e\u6536\u662f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e3a\u9650\u5236\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u3001\u904f\u5236\u8d44\u672c\u5916\u9003\u6240\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u6124\u6012\u5730\u56de\u4fe1\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u8363\u8000\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u51ed\u7a7a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5916\u9003\u7684\u4eba\u800c\u611f\u5230\u803b\u8fb1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f7f\u4ed6\u52aa\u529b\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u65b0\u5efa\u7b51\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f1f\u5927\u7cbe\u795e\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5373\u53e4\u5178\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u54e5\u7279\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8f9b\u514b\u5c14\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5fb7\u56fd\u771f\u7684\u8981\u5426\u8ba4\u8fd9\u6b21\u673a\u4f1a\u5417\uff1f\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u591a\u6b21\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1b\u53ea\u8981\u7ed9\u6211\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u7206\u6b3e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5236\u9020\u8054\u76df\uff08Deutscher Werkbund, 1907-1938\uff09\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e49\u7efc\u5408\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/strong>\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5236\u9020\u8054\u76df\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u66f4\u5177\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5236\u9020\u8054\u76df\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\u878d\u5165\u73b0\u4ee3\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u5fa1\u7528\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u65bd\u4f69\u5c14\u4e5f\u76f8\u4fe1\u5236\u9020\u8054\u76df\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u5efa\u7b51\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u878d\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7f8e\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u65bd\u4f69\u5c14\uff08Albert Speer, 1905-1981\uff09\u4e3a\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5c55\u793a\u5efa\u7b51\u65b9\u6848<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u65bd\u4f69\u5c14\u57281934\u5e74\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e86\u5236\u9020\u8054\u76df\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u800c\u5f00\u59cb\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u679c\u65ad\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u773c\u770b\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u65e0\u671b\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u4fbf\u5bc4\u5e0c\u671b\u4e8e\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u653f\u6743\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u846b\u82a6\u5a03\u5927\u5c55\u5b8f\u56fe\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u7136\u5e76\u5375<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u503e\u5411\u5c42\u51fa\u4e0d\u7a77\uff0c\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u5bf9\u5efa\u7b51\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u538b\u529b\u662f\u5206\u6563\u548c\u53cd\u590d\u4e0d\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u7eb3\u7cb9\u538b\u5f97\u90a3\u4e48\u6c89\u91cd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u5927\u6742\u70e9\u73b0\u4ee3\u8fd0\u52a8\u5728\u628a\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u641e\u8499\u5708\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f9d\u9760\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u5efa\u7b51\u7406\u60f3\u3002<\/strong>\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u8fd0\u52a8\u6216\u9769\u547d\u8005\u5bf9\u4e0e\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u548c\u7766\u76f8\u5904\u4e50\u6b64\u4e0d\u75b2\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u53f7\u79f0\u662f\u672a\u6765\u4e3b\u4e492.0\u7248\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u672a\u6765\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Second Futurism\uff09\u3001\u76ae\u4e9a\u7434\u8482\u5c3c\uff08Marcello Piacentini, 1881-1960\uff09\u3001\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u7b51\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08MIAR, Movimento Italiano per l’Architettura Razionale\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7279\u62c9\u5c3c\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u79d1\u83ab\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u56e2\u4f53\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\uff08Benito Mussolini, 1883-1945\uff09\u7684\u4eb2\u5207\u63a5\u89c1<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8c03\u548c\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u5c48\u4ece\u4e8e\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\uff08Gleichschaltung\uff09\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u4e0b\u7a33\u6b65\u524d\u8fdb\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u5927\u6742\u70e9\u73b0\u4ee3\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u5f53\u5c5e\u7406\u6027\u5efa\u7b51\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u548c1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5efa\u7b51\u6f6e\u6d41\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u8f7d\u5165\u53f2\u518c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u575a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u7c73\u5170\u7684\u201c\u4e03\u4eba\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff08Gruppo 7\uff09\u201d\u662f\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u57c3\u68ee\u66fc\uff08Peter Eisenman, 1932-\uff09\u4e00\u624b\u6367\u4e0a\u795e\u575b\u7684\u6731\u8d5b\u4f69\u00b7\u7279\u62c9\u5c3c\uff08Giuseppe Terragni, 1904-1943\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5de6\uff1a\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u846b\u82a6\u5a03\uff1b\u53f3\uff1a\u540e\u6392\u53fc\u7740\u70df\u7684\u7279\u62c9\u5c3c\u548c\u67ef\u5e03\u897f\u8036<\/p>\n

\u7279\u62c9\u5c3c\u5c31\u66fe\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u70b9\u539f\u5219\u7684\u7eb2\u8981\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u5ba3\u79f0\u5efa\u7b51\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u827a\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u53d8\u9769\u548c\u5efa\u7b51\u4e1a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u5efa\u9020\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u4e88\u5efa\u7b51\u4ee5\u91cd\u4efb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5f97\u4ee5\u518d\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7b51\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u5ff5\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n

1931\u5e74\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u5f00\u5e55\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c4a\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u7b51\u8fd0\u52a8\u5c55\u89c8\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5728\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u9762\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c55\u89c8\u4e8b\u5148\u4e3a\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u9884\u5c55\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u8fd8\u4e0e\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u4eec\u5c31\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5efa\u7b51\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u671f\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6b21\u5c55\u89c8\u7684\u666e\u904d\u8d28\u91cf\u8981\u597d\u4e8e1928\u5e74\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u5c55\u89c8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u54c1\u90fd\u9075\u4ece\u56fd\u9645\u5f0f\u98ce\u683c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8428\u5c14\u6258\u91cc\u65af\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4f4d\u4e8e\u745e\u58eb\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u5efa\u7b51\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u5170\u59c6\u666e\u987f\uff08Kenneth Frampton, 1930- \uff09\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\uff1a\u4e00\u90e8\u6279\u5224\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u300b\u5c31\u662f\u9009\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u5efa\u7b51\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c01\u9762\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\uff0c\u8428\u5c14\u6258\u91cc\u65af\u8fd8\u4ee3\u8868\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u53c2\u52a0\u4e861928\u5e74\u5728\u62c9\u8428\u62c9\u5179\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u73b0\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u534f\u4f1a\uff08CIAM, Congr\u00e8s Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne\uff09\u6210\u7acb\u5927\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5de6\uff1a\u8428\u5c14\u6258\u91cc\u65af\uff08Alberto Sartoris, 1901-1998\uff09\uff1b\u53f3\uff1a\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\uff1a\u4e00\u90e8\u6279\u5224\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u300b\uff08Modern Architecture: A Critical History, 1980\uff09\u5c01\u9762<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1928\u5e74CIAM\u6210\u7acb\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u53c2\u4f1a\u8005\u3002\u4ece\u5de6\u81f3\u53f3\uff0c\u7ad9\u7740\uff1aRichard Dupierre, Mart Stam, Pierre Chareau, Victor Bourgeois, Max Ernst Haefeli, Pierre Jeanneret, Gerrit Rietveld, Rudolf Steiger, Ernst May, Alberto Sartoris, Gabriel Guevrekian, Hans Schmidt, Hugo Haring, Zavala, Lucienne Fiorentin, Le Corbusier, Paul Artaria, Helene de Mandrot, Friedrich Gubler, Rochat, Andre Lurcat, Henri-Robert von der Muhll, Gino Maggioni, Huib Hoste, Sigfried Giedion, Werner Moser and Josef Frank\uff1b\u5750\u7740: Fernando Garcia Mercadal, Molly Weber\u548cTadevossian\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u7684\u5b89\u629a\u4e0b\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7279\u62c9\u5c3c\u6700\u8d1f\u76db\u540d\u7684\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u5bab\uff08Casa del Fascio, 1932-1936\uff09\u3001\u76ae\u4e9a\u7434\u8482\u5c3c\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u5927\u5b66\uff08Citt\u00e0 Universitaria di Roma, 1935\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u53caE42\uff08\u540e\u6765\u79f0\u4e3aEUR\uff09\u533a\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u5bab<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7f57\u9a6c\u5927\u5b66<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

E42\u533a<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6587\u660e\u5bab\uff08Palazzo della Civilt\u00e0 italiana, 1937-1943\uff09<\/p>\n

\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u63a5\u53d7\u5ea6\u4f7f\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u6210\u5458\u6295\u5954\u800c\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u7c4d\u745e\u58eb\u88d4\u7684\u5929\u624d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u6c99\u6587\u65af\u57fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u662f\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5e76\u7559\u6821\u4efb\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u63a8\u52a8\u5bf9\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u6c99\u6587\u65af\u57fa\u66fe\u57281934\u5e74\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u5ba3\u4f20\u6d77\u62a5\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u6c11\u4f17\u5904\u7406\u6210\u534a\u8272\u8c03\u7684\u201c\u70b9\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u9886\u8896\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u3002\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u5982\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u4fef\u89c6\u7740\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5de6\uff1a\u6c99\u6587\u65af\u57fa\uff08Xanti Schawinski, 1904-1979\uff09\uff1b\u53f3\uff1a\u6c99\u6587\u65af\u57fa\u4e3a\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u6d77\u62a5<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u7edd\u5bf9\u9886\u8896\u7684\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4e5f\u58f0\u540d\u8fdc\u626c\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u5438\u5f15\u5916\u6765\u7684\u548c\u5c1a\u5171\u540c\u89c1\u8bc1\u4ed6\u4eec\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u53d8\u9769\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9080\u8bf7\u50cf\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5927\u5496\u524d\u6765\u5ff5\u7ecf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u6837\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u653f\u6743\u5f97\u4ee5\u5c55\u793a\u548c\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e861934\u5e74\u7c73\u5170\u4e09\u5e74\u5c55\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u9986\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5f53\u5e7410\u6708\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u53d1\u8868\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bc6\u5207\u8ffd\u968f\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u7684\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u30021934\u5e74\u6625\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u80e1\u5b81\u5173\u4e8e\u9a6c\u91cc\u5185\u8482\u8bbf\u95ee\u5fb7\u56fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c55\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9c\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u5229\u7528\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u66f4\u591a\u5143\u7684\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u5f15\u4ecb\u7ed9\u5fb7\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u672a\u6765\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u5c55\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd8\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8d6b\u5c14\u66fc\u00b7\u6208\u6797\uff0c\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u6208\u57f9\u5c14\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u957f\u4f2f\u6069\u54c8\u5fb7\u00b7\u9c81\u65af\u7279\uff08Bernhard Rust, 1883-1945\uff09\u7684\u8d5e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u53f3\u4fa7\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a\u6208\u6797\uff08Hermann G\u00f6ring, 1893-1946\uff09\u3001\u6208\u57f9\u5c14\uff08Joseph Goebbels, 1897-1945\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5728\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

1937\u5e74\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u9a7b\u5fb7\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u7684\u8fea\u8bfa\u00b7\u5c14\u83f2\u91cc\u5c24\u5176\u72c2\u70ed\u4e8e\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u5c14\u83f2\u91cc\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b89\u6392\u4ed6\u53c2\u52a0\u4e861934\u5e74\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5728\u5f97\u5230\u80e1\u5b81\u7684\u51c6\u8bb8\u540e\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u673a\u68b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u9884\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u67d0\u5267\u9662\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u5e76\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u51fa\u5e2d\u8005\u7684\u666e\u904d\u8d5e\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5de6\uff1a\u8fea\u8bfa\u00b7\u5c14\u83f2\u91cc\uff08Dino Alfieri, 1886-1966\uff09\u4e0e\u6208\u57f9\u5c14\u5728\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\uff1b\u53f3\uff1a\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u5267\u9662\uff08Total Theatre, 1927\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u8fd8\u662f\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u5316\u4f46\u5374\u5bb9\u6613\u6a21\u4eff\u7684\u65b0\u53e4\u5178\u4e3b\u4e49\u98ce\u683c\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u72ec\u88c1\u7edf\u6cbb\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u8fd0\u52a8\u6000\u6709\u654c\u610f\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u6700\u540e\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u65b0\u53e4\u5178\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b98\u65b9\u98ce\u683c\u5462\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u67ef\u5e03\u897f\u8036\u4f1a\u8fd9\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/strong>\u73b0\u4ee3\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f7f\u5f97\u827a\u672f\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6563\u5e03\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u9636\u7ea7\u6216\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u5219\u7ad9\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u90a3\u8fb9\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u628a\u73b0\u4ee3\u8fd0\u52a8\u89c6\u4e3a\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u53d7\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u5506\u4f7f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u73b0\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u5728\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u88ab\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5219\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u65bd\u4f69\u5c14\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/strong>\u53e4\u5178\u4e3b\u4e49\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u4ece\u4f1f\u5927\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u96c5\u5178\u57ce\u90a6\u65f6\u4ee3\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53bb\u5e74\u5e74\u521d\u53bb\u4e16\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5efa\u7b51\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u672c\u5948\u6c83\u6d1b\uff08Leonardo Benevolo, 1923-2017\uff09\u4e00\u9488\u89c1\u8840\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/strong>\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ee5\u53ca\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u4e60\u60ef\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u5bc6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u67d0\u79cd\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53bb\u63a9\u76d6\u5b83\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4e4b\u884c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5375\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u7684\u5173\u95ed\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7978\u4e0d\u5355\u884c\u3002\u96ea\u4e0a\u52a0\u971c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u5305\u8c6a\u65af\u6210\u5458\u5c45\u7136\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u7eb3\u7cb9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6765\u6e90: \u7eb8\u4e0a\u5efa\u7b51IPA \u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8bf4\u7684\u6545\u4e8b 1937\u5e743\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u683c\u7f57\u76ae\u4e4c\u65af\u4e0e\u59bb\u5b50\u827e\u65af\u5728\u4f26 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[12,5],"tags":[5068,16670,928],"views":209,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55043"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=55043"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55043\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55044,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55043\/revisions\/55044"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=55043"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=55043"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=55043"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}