{"id":55790,"date":"2025-08-03T05:58:18","date_gmt":"2025-08-02T21:58:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=55790"},"modified":"2025-08-03T07:07:11","modified_gmt":"2025-08-02T23:07:11","slug":"%e6%b5%8e%e6%b5%8e%e6%9c%89%e4%bc%97-%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e6%96%87%e5%8c%96%e7%9a%84%e6%b1%89%e5%ad%a6%e5%ae%b6%e4%bb%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=55790","title":{"rendered":"\u6d4e\u6d4e\u6709\u4f17: \u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6765\u6e90: \u751f\u6d3b\u4e66\u5e97<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u8282\u9009\u81ea\u300a\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5112\u83b2\u5956\u300b \u59da\u9e4f \u8457<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/bb28a85254d42e88\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6d77\u5916\u6c49\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u6570\u767e\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u5112\u83b2\u5956\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u6c49\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5112\u83b2\uff081797\u20141873\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u30021872 \u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u94ed\u6587\u4e0e\u7f8e\u6587\u5b66\u9662\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u5112\u83b2\u5956\u201d\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u9887\u4e3a\u96c5\u81f4\u5730\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u5112\u6797\u6c49\u5b66\u7279\u8d4f\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u201c\u6c49\u5b66\u201d\u4e3a\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7b49\u6c49\u6587\u5316\u5708\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56f4\u7ed5\u201c\u5112\u83b2\u5956\u201d\uff0c\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d77\u5916\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u62c9\u8fd1\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u660e\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u4e28\u59da\u9e4f<\/p>\n<p>\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u6784\u6210\u9887\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9a\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u201c\u5112\u83b2\u5956\u201d\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u53ca\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u4ece\u5916\u5ef6\u52fe\u52d2\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5341\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3010\u6cd5\u8377\u5b66\u7fa4\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u5112\u83b2\u5956\u662f\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6cd5\u8bed\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u7528\u6cd5\u8bed\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u83b7\u5956\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8f83\u9ad8\u4e5f\u5728\u60c5\u7406\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u6b27\u6d32\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c17\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u5229\u739b\u7aa6\u6765\u534e\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u968f\u884c\u548c\u540e\u6765\u9646\u7eed\u52a0\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f20\u6559\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u3001\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u4eba\u3001\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u53d7\u8461\u8404\u7259\u56fd\u738b\u548c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5927\u4e3b \u6559\u7684\u6d3e\u9063\u6765\u534e\u3002\u5eb7\u7199\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff081676\uff09\u5357\u6000\u4ec1\u2460\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7701\u4f1a \u957f\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u62db\u52df\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u534e\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u8d23\u6d3e\u67cf\u5e94\u7406\u8d74\u6b27\u6d32\u5404\u56fd\u6e38\u8bf4\u3002\u67cf\u5e94\u7406\u758f\u901a\u51e0\u4f4d\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u81e3\u529d\u8bf4\u6cd5\u738b\u8def\u6613\u5341\u56db\u6d3e\u9063\u6cd5\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u53bb\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u6392\u6324\u8461\u8404\u7259\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u672a\u6765\u5546\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u62a2\u5360\u5148\u673a\u3002\u91ce\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u8def\u6613\u5341\u56db\u6b23\u7136\u63a5\u53d7\u5927\u81e3\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u9996\u6279\u6d3e\u9063\u6cd5\u56fd\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u58eb\u6d2a\u82e5\u7ff0\u2461\u3001\u5f20\u8bda\u2462\u3001\u767d\u664b\u2463\u3001\u674e\u660e\u2464\u3001\u5218\u5e94\u2465\u7b49\u4eba\u6765\u534e\uff0c\u884c\u524d\u7ed9\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u56fd\u738b\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u201d\u8363\u8a89\u79f0\u53f7\uff0c\u9876\u6234\u6cd5\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u901a\u8baf\u9662\u58eb\u5934\u8854\u3002\u767d\u664b\u4e00\u884c\u4e8e\u5eb7\u7199\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081688\uff09\u62b5\u8fbe\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u81ea\u6b64\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5728\u534e\u4f20\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u4e13\u95e8\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u56e2\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u56e2\u4e0e\u5eb7\u7199\u3001\u96cd\u6b63\u3001\u4e7e\u9686\u7687\u5e1d\u79c1\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u5fa1\u8d50\u4e13\u7528\u6559\u5802\u548c\u4f4f\u9662\u2014\u2014\u5317\u5802\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e13\u7528\u5893\u5730\u2014\u2014\u6b63\u798f\u5bfa\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u5893\u5730\u3002\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u540e\u5929\u4e3b \u6559\u5728\u534e\u4e3b\u8981\u4f20\u6559\u4fee\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u3001\u9063\u4f7f\u4f1a\u3001\u5df4\u9ece\u5916\u65b9\u4f20\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\uff0c\u5723\u6bcd\u5723\u5fc3\u4f1a\u662f\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u4eba\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u5357\u90e8\u662f\u6cd5\u8bed\u533a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5723\u8a00\u4f1a\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u3002\u65e9\u5e74\u6765\u534e\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u7684\u56fd\u7c4d\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4e3a\u6cd5\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5145\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u5e74\u4ee3\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8457\u4f5c\u5927\u591a\u662f\u7528\u6cd5\u6587\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/76ae57e12b9fb331\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2 \u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u5c06\u5357\u6000\u4ec1\u5370\u5728\u90ae\u7968\u4e0a\u4ee5\u793a\u7eaa\u5ff5\uff0c\u5357\u6000\u4ec1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4e3a\u6211\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u8d21\u732e<\/p>\n<p>1889\u5e74\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u8003\u8fea\u57c3\u548c\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u859b\u529b\u8d6b\u5546\u8bae\u521b\u8bbe\u4e00\u4efd\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u672f\u520a\u7269\uff0c\u4e00\u62cd\u5373\u5408\uff0c1890\u5e74\u300a\u901a\u62a5\u300b\uff08T\u2032oung Pao\uff0cArchives\uff09\u521b\u520a\u53f7\u7531\u5e03\u91cc\u5c14\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff08Libraiie et Imprimerie E. J. Brill\uff09\u6b63\u5f0f\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u526f\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u5bf9\u4e9a\u6d32\u4e1c\u65b9\u8bf8\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5730\u7406\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u671d\u9c9c\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u90a3\u3001\u4e2d\u4e9a\u548c\u9a6c\u6765\u534a\u5c9b\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u5386\u7ecf\u767e\u4f59\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u520a\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8003\u8fea\u57c3\u548c\u859b\u529b\u8d6b\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u6cd5\u65b9\u548c\u8377\u65b9\u8054\u8882\u51fa\u4efb\u4e3b\u7f16\uff0c1903\u5e74\u859b\u529b\u8d6b\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\u6c99\u7579\u63a5\u4efb\uff0c1918\u5e74\u6c99\u7579\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\u4f2f\u5e0c\u548c\u63a5\u4efb\uff0c1925\u5e74\u8003\u8fea\u57c3\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\u4f2f\u5e0c\u548c\u72ec\u81ea\u7ef4\u7cfb\uff0c1935\u5e74\u83b1\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u59d4\u6d3e\u6234\u95fb\u8fbe\u51fa\u4efb\u8377\u65b9\u4e3b\u7f16\uff0c1947\u5e74 \u540e\u6234\u5bc6\u5fae\u3001\u4f55\u56db\u7ef4\u3001\u8bb8\u7406\u5408\u3001\u8c22\u548c\u8010\u7b49\u4eba\u5148\u540e\u4e3b\u6301\u300a\u901a\u62a5\u300b\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u767e\u5e74\u95f4\u4e91\u96c6\u5728\u300a\u901a\u62a5\u300b\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u8d6b\u8d6b\u6709\u540d\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u5927\u5bb6\uff1a\u8003\u8fea\u57c3\u3001\u859b\u529b\u8d6b\u3001\u6c99\u7579\u3001\u4f2f\u5e0c\u548c\u3001\u6234\u95fb\u8fbe\u3001\u6234\u5bc6\u5fae\u2466\u3001\u4f55\u8d56\u601d\u2467\u3001\u590f\u5fb7\u3001\u9ad8\u5ef6\u3001\u4f69\u521d\u5179\u3001\u845b\u5170\u8a00\u3001\u7f57\u4f5b\u3001\u65af\u5766\u56e0\u3001\u9a6c\u4f2f\u4e50\u3001\u827e\u4f2f\u534e\uff0c\u95f4\u6709\u6765\u534e\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\uff0c\u5982\u7fdf\u7406\u65af\u3001\u67f4\u8d6b\u7b49\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u534e\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u65b0\u6559\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5982\u7ba1\u5b9c\u7a46\u3001\u7406\u96c5\u5404\u3001\u8d6b\u5e08\u614e\u3001\u6b66\u6797\u5409\u3001\u6155\u963f\u5fb7\u3001\u5fb7\u793c\u8d24\u3001\u95f5\u5ba3\u5316\u3001\u88f4\u5316\u884c\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u8bba\u4f5c\u4e5f\u9891\u7e41\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u575b\u4e0a\u3002\u300a\u901a\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u6765\u81ea\u4e94\u6e56\u56db\u6d77\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u529e\u520a\u4e3b\u4f53\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u3001\u8377\u5170\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u6cd5\u8bed\u5708\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u642d\u5efa\u5c55 \u5176\u9aa5\u8db3\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u5357\u6000\u4ec1\uff08Ferdinand Verbiest\uff0c1623\u20141688\uff09\uff0c\u5b57\u6566\u4f2f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u4eba\u3002\u987a\u6cbb\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081659\uff09\u62b5\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c \u5728\u9655\u897f\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u540e\u7ecf\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u63a8\u8350\u8fdb\u4eac\u534f\u52a9\u4fee\u5386\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u6d2a\u82e5\u7ff0\uff08Jean de Fontaney\uff0c1643\u20141710\uff09\uff0c\u5b57\u65f6\u767b\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c1658\u5e74\u5165\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u3002\u5eb7 \u7199\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081687\uff09\u6765\u534e\uff0c\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u3001\u6c5f\u82cf\u4f20\u6559\uff1b1710\u5e74\u901d\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u5f20\u8bda\uff08Jean Fran\u00e7ois Gerbillon\uff0c1654\u20141707\uff09\uff0c\u5b57\u5b9e\u658b\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c1670\u5e74\u5165\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u3002\u5eb7\u7199\u4e8c\u5341\u516d \u5e74\uff081687\uff09\u6765\u534e\uff0c\u4e0e\u767d\u664b\u7b49\u88ab\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u7559\u7528\u5bab\u4e2d\u8bb2\u6388\u897f\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u7f16\u8bd1\u300a\u51e0\u4f55\u539f\u7406\u300b\u300a\u54f2\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u300b\u7b49\u6570\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\uff1b\u5eb7\u7199\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081689\uff09\u5949\u5eb7\u7199\u4e4b\u547d\u540c\u5f90\u65e5\u5347\u4e00\u540c\u53c2\u52a0\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u4f7f\u56e2\u4e0e\u5e1d\u4fc4\u8fdb\u884c\u300a\u5c3c\u5e03\u695a\u6761 \u7ea6\u300b\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u8bd1\u5458\uff1b\u5eb7\u7199\u56db\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081707\uff09\u901d\u4e8e\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u846c\u6ed5\u516c\u6805\u680f\uff0c\u540e\u8fc1\u6b63\u798f\u5bfa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u767d\u664b\uff08Joachim Bouvet\uff0c1656\u20141730\uff09\uff0c\u5b57\u660e\u8fdc\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c1678\u5e74\u5165\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u3002\u5728\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u5b66\u6821\u5c31\u8bfb\uff0c \u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u795e\u5b66\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5bf9\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u9014\u4e2d\u5728\u4e0a\u5ddd\u5c9b\u4e0a\u62b1\u6068\u7ec8\u751f\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u6709\u6240\u8033\u95fb\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u5229\u739b\u7aa6\u7b49\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u58eb\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e8b\u8ff9\u7684\u9f13\u821e\uff0c\u840c\u53d1\u5230\u9065\u8fdc\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u7684\u613f\u671b\u3002\u5eb7\u7199\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081687\uff09\u6765\u534e\uff1b\u96cd\u6b63\u516b\u5e74\uff081730\uff09\u5352\u4e8e\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u846c\u6b63\u798f\u5bfa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2464\u674e\u660e\uff08Louis Le Comte\uff0c1655\u20141728\uff09\uff0c\u5b57\u590d\u521d\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3002\u5eb7\u7199\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081687\uff09 \u6765\u534e\uff1b\u5eb7\u7199\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\uff081691\uff09\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e8e\u5eb7\u7199\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\u81f3\u4e09\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081687\u20141692\uff09\u5199\u7684\u5341\u56db\u5c01\u4e66\u4fe1\u4ee5\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4e8b\u62a5\u9053\u300b\uff08Nouveaux Memoires sur l\u2032Etat Present de La Chine\uff09\u4e3a\u9898\u6c47\u7f16\u51fa\u7248\uff0c 1696\u5e74\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2465\u5218\u5e94\uff08Claude de Visdelou\uff0c1656\u20141737\uff09\uff0c\u5b57\u58f0\u95fb\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c1673\u5e74\u5165\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u3002\u5eb7\u7199\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74 \uff081687\uff09\u6765\u534e\uff0c1737\u5e74\u901d\u4e8e\u5370\u5ea6\u3002\u8457\u6709\u300a\u9791\u977c\u53f2\u300b\uff08Histoire Abr\u00e9g\u00e9e de la Tartarie\uff09\u3001\u300a\u6613\u7ecf\u6982\u8bf4\u300b \uff08Notice du Livre Chinois Nomm\u00e9 Y-King, ou livre canonique des changements avec des notes\uff09 \u7b49\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u300b\u300a\u4e66\u7ecf\u300b\u300a\u4e2d\u5eb8\u300b\u7b49\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u8bd1\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2466\u6234\u5bc6\u5fae\uff08Paul Demi\u00e9ville\uff0c1894\u20141979\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6566\u714c\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\uff1b\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u5e74\uff081921\uff09\u7531\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u8fdc\u4e1c\u5b66\u9662\u6d3e\u9063\u8d74\u4e2d\u56fd\u8003\u5bdf\uff1b\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081924\uff09\u518d\u6b21\u6765\u534e\uff0c\u88ab\u8058\u4e3a\u53a6\u95e8\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u6559\u6388\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u3001 \u4f5b\u5b66\u548c\u68b5\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2467\u4f55\u8d56\u601d\uff08C. De Harlez\uff0c1832\u20141899\uff09\uff0c\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u8457\u8bd1\u6709\u300a\u6731\u5b50\u4e4b\u6559\u4e49\u4e0e\u5f71\u54cd\u300b\u300a\u3008\u6613\u7ecf\u3009\u590d\u539f\u3001 \u7ffb\u6cfd\u4e0e\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3010\u82f1\u7f8e\u5b66\u7fa4\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u90fd\u4e3b\u8981\u59cb\u4e8e19\u4e16\u7eaa\u65b0\u6559\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e03\u9053\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u4f26\u6566\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u9a6c\u793c\u900a\u5609\u5e86\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081807\uff09\u6765\u534e\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u9664\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u65b0\u6559\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u7f16\u7e82\u4e86\u300a\u9a6c\u793c\u900a\u5b57\u5178\u300b\u3002\u516c\u7406\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u536b\u4e09\u754f\u2460\u9053\u5149\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081833\uff09\u6765\u534e\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u6709\u300a\u62fe\u7ea7\u5927\u6210\u300b\uff08Easy Lessons in Chinese\uff0c1842\uff09\u3001\u300a\u82f1\u534e\u97f5\u5e9c\u5386\u9636\u300b\uff08An English and Chinese Vocabulary\uff0cin the Court Dialect\uff0c1844\uff09\u3001\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5730\u5fd7\u300b\uff08Chinese Topography\uff0c1844\uff09\u3001\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u603b\u8bba\u300b\uff08The Middle Kingdom\uff0c1857\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u9053\u5149\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081839\uff09\u4f26\u6566\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7406\u96c5\u5404\u6765\u534e\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u82f1\u534e\u4e66\u9662\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u5178\u300b\uff08The Chinese Classics\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/9a9e76a303a03f74\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2 \u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u5178\u300b(The Chinese Classics)\u7406\u96c5\u5404\u4e3b\u6301\u82f1\u534e\u4e66\u9662\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/p>\n<p>\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u540e\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u63a5\u8e35\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u65b0\u6559\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u521b\u529e\u4e09\u5927\u51fa\u7248\u673a\u6784\u58a8\u6d77\u4e66\u9986\uff08London Missionary Society Mission Press\uff09\u3001\u7f8e\u534e\u4e66\u9986\uff08American Presbyterian Mission Press\uff09\u3001\u5e7f\u5b66\u4f1a\uff08The Christian Literature Society for China\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u9053\u5149\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081843\uff09\u82f1\u56fd\u4f26\u6566\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u9ea6\u90fd\u601d\u2461\u6765\u534e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u62c9\u5f00\u4e86\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5e37\u5e55\u3002\u9ea6\u90fd\u601d\u521b\u529e\u58a8\u6d77\u4e66\u9986\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u5927\u91cf\u5ba3\u6559\u4e66\u7c4d\u81ea\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4ee5\u4e66\u9986\u4e3a\u5706\u5fc3\u805a\u96c6\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u5b66\u672f\u9020\u8be3\u9887\u6df1\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u96d2\u9b4f\u6797\u3001\u7f8e\u9b4f\u8336\u3001\u4f1f\u70c8\u4e9a\u529b\u3001 \u6155\u7ef4\u5ec9\u3001\u827e\u7ea6\u745f\u2462\u7b49\u90fd\u5148\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u58a8\u6d77\u4e66\u9986\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5408\u529b\u63a8\u51fa\u4e00\u6279\u5f71\u54cd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002\u9ea6\u90fd\u601d\u672c\u4eba\u4e5f\u591a\u6709\u6c49\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u300a\u4e09\u5b57\u7ecf\u300b\uff08Three Character Classic\uff09\u3001\u300a\u6e05\u660e\u626b\u5893\u4e4b\u8bba\u300b\uff08Feast of the Tombs\uff09\u3001\u300a\u5988\u7956\u5a46\u751f\u65e5\u4e4b\u8bba\u300b\uff08Birthday of Ma-Tsoo-Poo\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u4f26\u6566\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u97e6\u5ec9\u81e3\u5149\u7eea\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081887\uff09\u53d1\u8d77\u6210\u7acb\u5e7f\u5b66\u4f1a\u3002\u540c\u6cbb\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081870\uff09\u5927\u82f1\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u674e\u63d0\u6469\u592a\u2463\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081891\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u4e3b\u6301\u5e7f\u5b66\u4f1a\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u4f4d\u8fd1\u4ee3\u540d\u4eba\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u6709\u300a\u5728\u534e\u56db\u5341\u4e94 \u5e74\u300b\u300a\u4e03\u56fd\u65b0\u5b66\u5907\u8981\u300b\u300a\u5929\u4e0b\u4e94\u5927\u6d32\u5404\u5927\u56fd\u300b\u300a\u767e\u5e74\u4e00\u89c9\u300b\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u516b\u5927\u5e1d\u738b \u4f20\u300b\u300a\u6cf0\u897f\u65b0\u53f2\u63fd\u8981\u300b\u7b49\u4e8c\u5341\u4f59\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u7406\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u88e8\u6cbb\u6587\u9053\u5149\u5341\u5e74\uff081830\uff09\u62b5\u8fbe\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u6765\u534e\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3002\u7f8e\u5317\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4e01\u97ea\u826f\u9053\u5149\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\uff081850\uff09\u6765\u534e\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u9996\u5c48\u4e00\u6307\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u901a\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u6cbb\u516b\u5e74\uff081869\uff09\u53d7\u8058\u5317\u4eac\u540c\u6587\u9986\u603b\u6559\u4e60\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081898\uff09\u62c5\u4efb\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u524d\u8eab\u7684\u4eac\u5e08\u5927\u5b66\u5802\u603b\u6559\u4e60\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u9879\u662f\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u6d25\u6d25\u4e50\u9053\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u4ed6\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u6709\u300a\u82b1\u7532\u5fc6\u8bb0\u300b\uff08The Cycle of Cathay\uff0c1896\uff09\u3001\u300a\u6c49\u5b66\u83c1\u534e\u300b\uff08The Lore of Cathay\uff0c1901\uff09\u3001\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u89c9\u9192\u300b\uff08The Awakening of China\uff0c1907\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/c0f86fe550e2ef66\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2 \u88e8\u6cbb\u6587\uff08Elijah Coleman Bridgman\uff0c1801\u20141861\uff09\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u516c\u7406\u4f1a\u6765\u534e\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff0c1826\u5e74\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e \u963f\u9ed8\u65af\u7279\u5b66\u9662\uff0c1829\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u5b89\u591a\u5f17\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u4f4d\uff1b\u9053\u5149\u5341\u5e74\uff081830\uff09\u6765\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u4ece\u9a6c\u793c\u900a\u5b66\u4e60\u6c49\u8bed\uff0c \u9053\u5149\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081836\uff09\u53c2\u4e0e\u521b\u529e\u9a6c\u793c\u900a\u6559\u80b2\u4f1a\uff1b\u9053\u5149\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081838\uff09\u5f00\u8bbe\u535a\u6d4e\u533b\u9662\uff1b\u6b21\u5e74\u4efb\u6797\u5219\u5f90 \u7684\u8bd1\u5458\uff0c\u66fe\u5230\u864e\u95e8\u53c2\u89c2\u711a\u6bc1\u9e26\u7247\uff1b\u665a\u5e74\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u4e8b\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u65b0\u8bd1\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b1861\u5e74\u901d\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6d77<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u62c9\u8fd1\u4e86\u82f1\u7f8e\u5b66\u8005\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u82f1\u7f8e\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5728\u6c49\u5b66\u4e0a\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u5c31\u5353\u8d8a\u8005\u6709\u7f57\u4f5b\u3001\u6234\u67cf\u8bda\u3001\u8d56\u5fb7\u61cb\u3001\u5362\u516c\u660e\u3001\u67d4\u514b\u4e49\u3001\u6052\u6155\u4e49\u3001\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u3001\u82ae\u6c83\u5bff\u3001\u725f\u590d\u793c\u3001\u5085\u9ad8\u4e49\u3001\u53f2\u666f\u8fc1\u3001\u9b4f\u6590\u5fb7\u7b49\u4eba\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u71d5\u4eac\u5b66\u793e\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u82f1\u7f8e\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u540e\u6765\u8005\u5c45\u4e0a\u3002\u82f1\u7f8e\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7279\u8272\u662f\u6ce8\u91cd\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u5178\u7c4d\u7684\u8003\u636e\u548c\u6ce8\u89e3\u65b9\u9762\u504f\u5f31\uff0c\u6ce8\u91cd\u5b9e\u8bc1\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u6c11\u65cf\u6027\u6709\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u536b\u4e09\u754f (Samuel Wells Williams\uff0c1812\u20141884)\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u53d7\u516c\u7406\u4f1a\u6d3e\u9063\u6765\u534e\uff0c\u9053\u5149\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081833\uff09 \u62b5\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u54b8\u4e30\u516d\u5e74\uff081856\uff09\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\u56e2\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c1876\u5e74\u8fd4\u7f8e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u9ea6\u90fd\u601d\uff08Walter Henry Medhurst\uff0c1796\u20141857\uff09\uff0c\u53f7\u58a8\u6d77\u8001\u4eba\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\uff1b\u82f1\u56fd\u4f26\u6566\u4f1a\u7ee7\u9a6c\u793c\u900a\u3001\u7c73\u601c\u4e4b\u540e\u6765\u534e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1b\u5148\u540e\u5728\u5357\u6d0b\u3001\u4e0a\u6d77\u56db\u5341\u4f59\u8f7d\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u5ba3\u6559\u3001\u8457\u8ff0\u3001 \u51fa\u7248\u4e8b\u5de5\uff1b\u7ffb\u8bd1\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u5370\u5237\u6240\uff0c\u7f16\u7e82\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u521b\u529e\u62a5\u520a\uff1b\u8457\u6709\u300a\u517b\u5fc3\u795e\u8bd7\u300b\u3001\u300a\u8036\u7a23\u6559\u7565\u300b\u3001 \u300a\u6c49\u8bed\u798f\u5efa\u65b9\u53e3\u8f9e\u5178\u300b\uff08A Dictionary of the Hok-keen Dialect of the Chinese Language\uff0caccording to the realing and colloquia idoms\uff09\u3001\u300a\u82f1\u534e\u8f9e\u5178\u300b\uff08English and Chinese Dictionary\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u827e\u7ea6\u745f\uff08Joseph Edkins\uff0c1823\u20141905\uff09\uff0c\u5b57\u8fea\u747e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\uff1b\u9053\u5149\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081848\uff09\u53d7\u4f26\u6566\u4f1a\u6d3e\u9063\u6765\u534e\uff0c\u54b8\u4e30\u4e03\u5e74\uff081857\uff09\u4efb\u4e0a\u6d77\u6587\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u79d8\u4e66\uff1b\u54b8\u4e30\u5341\u5e74\uff081860\uff09\u89c1\u5fe0\u738b\u674e\u79c0\u6210\uff0c\u4f1a\u6664\u5e72\u738b\u6d2a\u4ec1 \u7395\uff1b\u540c\u6cbb\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081863\uff09\u8d74\u5317\u4eac\u53c2\u4e0e\u7f16\u8f91\u300a\u4e2d\u897f\u95fb\u89c1\u5f55\u300b\uff1b\u8457\u6709\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u300b\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u300b\u300a\u4e2d \u56fd\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u300b\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u72b6\u51b5\u300b\u300a\u5916\u56fd\u8bed\u7c7b\u300b\u300a\u8bbf\u95ee\u82cf\u5dde\u7684\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u300b\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u674e\u63d0\u6469\u592a\uff08Timothy Richard\uff0c1845\u20141919\uff09\uff0c\u5b57\u83e9\u5cb3\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff1b1870\u5e74\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c \u968f\u540e\u53bb\u5c71\u4e1c\u70df\u53f0\u3001\u9752\u5dde\u7b49\u5730\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u5b66\u4e60\u4f5b\u6559\u3001\u5112\u5bb6\u548c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u8457\u4f5c\uff1b1886\u5e74\u5230\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u53d1\u8868 \u4e86\u300a\u4e03\u56fd\u65b0\u5b66\u5907\u8981\u300b\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u60c5\u51b5\uff1b\u5728\u620a\u620c\u53d8\u6cd5\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u4e0e\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u3001\u5eb7\u6709\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u5982\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u3001\u5f20\u4e4b\u6d1e\u6709\u8f83\u6df1\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ef4\u65b0\u8fd0\u52a8\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u5c71\u897f\u5927\u5b66\u5802\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3010\u5317\u6b27\u5b66\u7fa4\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5317\u6b27\u5b66\u7fa4\u201d\u5176\u5916\u5ef6\u66f4\u5927\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u5927\u7684\u6709\u4e9b\u52c9\u5f3a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u4fc4\u56fd\u3001\u745e\u5178\u7b49\u6b27\u6d32\u4e2d\u5317\u90e8\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8d77\u6b65\u7a0d\u665a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u6709\u536b\u5e0c\u5723\u3001\u4f5b\u5c14\u514b\u3001\u62c9\u5951\u6d85\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u3001\u5085\u5170\u514b\u2460\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u6c49\u5821\u3001\u67cf\u6797\u3001\u83b1\u6bd4\u9521\u3001\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\u56db\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7531\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u79df\u501f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u80f6\u5dde\u6e7e\u548c\u9752\u5c9b\uff0c\u5728\u534e\u6709\u6538\u5173\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u626d\u5934\u5411\u4e1c\u5f20\u671b\u4e86\u3002\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4ee5\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f20\u6559\u4fee\u4f1a\u5723\u8a00\u4f1a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c71\u4e1c\u548c\u897f\u5317\u53d6\u5f97\u4ee3\u7267\u6743\uff0c\u8fd8\u4ece\u68b5\u8482\u5188\u62ff\u5230\u8f85\u4ec1\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\uff0c\u4e00\u6279\u6279\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u6d8c\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u5fb7\u4e2d\u4e24\u5730\u4eba\u5458\u5f80\u6765\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6d41\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u957f\u8db3\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u548c\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u7279\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u59cb\u4e8e\u5eb7\u7199\u4e94\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081715\uff09\u4e1c\u6b63\u6559\u4f7f\u56e2\u8fdb \u9a7b\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u5386\u4efb\u5927\u796d\u53f8\u6bd4\u4e18\u6797\u3001\u9c8d\u4e43\u8fea\u90fd\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u95fb\u540d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4e13\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u6770\u51fa\u5b66\u8005\u6709\u738b\u897f\u91cc\u2461\u3001\u683c\u5965\u5c14\u57fa\u8036\u592b\u65af\u2462\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u5112\u83b2\u5956\u7684\u9a7b\u534e\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u8d1d\u52d2\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5e08\u4ece\u9c8d\u4e43\u8fea\u800c\u5728\u6c49\u5b66\u754c\u5d2d\u9732\u5934\u89d2\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5317\u6b27\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u745e\u5178\u30021919\u5e74\u745e\u5178\u6210\u7acb\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u745e\u5178\u5143\u5e05\u5e15\u5170\u5fb7\u62c5\u4efb\u4f1a\u957f\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u745e\u5178\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6\u65af\u6587\u00b7\u8d6b\u5b9a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u7586\u548c\u897f\u85cf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e09\u6b21\u8fdc\u5f81\uff0c\u6d4b\u5b9a\u4e86\u7f57\u5e03\u6cca\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6c99\u6f20\u4e2d\u697c\u5170\u53e4\u56fd\u9057\u5740\u3002\u5e15\u5170\u5fb7\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\uff0c\u745e\u5178\u56fd\u738b\u53e4\u65af\u5854\u592b\u516d\u4e16\u4eb2\u81ea\u51fa\u4efb\u4f1a\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7acb\u57fa\u91d1\u652f\u6301\u8d74\u4e2d\u56fd\u8003\u53e4\u63a2\u9669\u548c\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u65af\u5fb7\u54e5\u5c14\u6469\u8fdc\u4e1c\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c1b\u56f4\u4e0b\u745e\u5178\u51fa\u4e86\u5b89\u7279\u751f\u3001\u9ad8\u672c\u6c49\u3001\u559c\u9f99\u4ec1\u2463\u3001\u9a6c\u60a6\u7136\u2464\u7b49\u5927\u5e08\u7ea7\u6c49\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u5085\u5170\u514b\uff08Otto Franke\uff0c1863\u20141946\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u8bb0\u798f\u5170\u9601\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081888\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u4f7f\u9986\u7ffb\u8bd1\u751f\u6765\u534e\uff0c\u540e\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5404\u57e0\u5fb7\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u4efb\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c\u9886\u4e8b\uff1b\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff081901\uff09\u8f6c\u4efb\u4e2d\u56fd\u9a7b\u67cf\u6797\u4f7f\u9986\u53c2\u8d5e\uff1b1907\u5e74\u540e\u4efb\u6c49\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u67cf\u6797\u5927\u5b66\u6c49\u6587\u6559\u6388\u3002\u8457\u6709\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u300b\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4e0e \u5386\u53f2\u8bb2\u6f14\u548c\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u738b\u897f\u91cc\uff081818\u20141900\uff09\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u901a\u6653 \u6c49\u3001\u6ee1\u3001\u8499\u3001\u85cf\u3001\u68b5\u3001\u671d\u3001\u65e5\u6587\uff1b\u8457\u6709\u300a\u6ee1\u6d32\u5fd7\u300b\uff081857\uff09\u3001\u300a\u6ee1\u4fc4\u8bcd\u5178\u300b\uff081866\uff09\u3001\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff081866\uff09\u3001\u300a\u6c49\u5b57\u5b57\u5f62\u7cfb\u7edf\u300b\uff081876\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u683c\u5965\u5c14\u57fa\u8036\u592b\u65af\uff08 1851\u20141893\uff09\uff0c1873\u5e74\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u6587\u7cfb\uff0c\u83b7\u526f\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c1875\u5e74\u5165\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u4e1c\u65b9\u7cfb\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u540e\u5728\u6821\u4efb\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u5112\u5bb6\u5b66\u8bf4\u3001\u795e\u8bdd\u4f20\u8bf4\u53ca\u795e\u8bdd\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u8457\u6709\u300a\u5148\u79e6\u53f2\u300b\uff081885\uff09\u3001\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u539f\u5219\u300b \uff081888\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u559c\u9f99\u4ec1\uff08Osvald Sir\u00e9n\uff0c1879\u20141966\uff09\uff0c\u751f\u4e8e\u82ac\u5170\u8d6b\u5c14\u8f9b\u57fa\u7684\u745e\u5178\u4eba\uff0c\u827a\u672f\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e13\u957f18\u4e16\u7eaa\u745e\u5178\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u827a\u672f\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u827a\u672f\uff1b\u8457\u6709\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u57ce\u5899\u548c\u57ce\u95e8\u300b\uff08The Walls and Gates of Peking\uff09\u3001\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u96d5\u523b\u300b\uff08Chinese Sculpture\uff09\u3001\u300a\u6545\u5bab\u300b\uff08The Imperial Palace of Peking\uff09\u3001 \u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ed8\u753b\u53f2\u300b\uff08Histoire de Art Anciens\uff09\u3001\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u56ed\u6797\u300b\uff08Gardens of China\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2464\u9a6c\u60a6\u7136\uff08Goran Malmqvist\uff0c1924\u20142019\uff09\uff0c\u745e\u5178\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5bb6\uff1b\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u65af\u5fb7\u54e5\u5c14\u6469\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u9ad8\u672c\u6c49\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff1b\u5386\u4efb\u65af\u5fb7\u54e5\u5c14\u6469\u5927\u5b66\u4e1c\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u9662\u4e2d\u6587\u7cfb\u6c49\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u548c\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u745e\u5178\u6587\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u6c49\u5b66\u534f\u4f1a\u4f1a\u957f\u3001\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u5341\u516b\u4f4d\u7ec8\u8eab\u8bc4\u59d4\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3010\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u7fa4\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u65e5\u672c\u6c49\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u6b27\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u968b\u5510\u4f5b\u6559\u4f20\u5165\u4e1c\u701b\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u5728\u6c49\u6587\u5316\u5708\u91cc\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u59cb\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u8eab\u6587\u5316\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u7e41\u884d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5230\u4e86\u8fd1\u4ee3\u558a\u7740\u201c\u8131\u4e9a\u5165\u6b27\u201d\u53e3\u53f7\u800c\u6570\u5178\u5fd8\u7956\u624d\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u4e86\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u65e5\u6587\u5316\u6bd4\u8f83\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6c49\u5b66\u8f83\u4e3a\u5168\u9762\u3002\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4e1c\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u4e3a\u5927\u672c\u8425\u5f62\u6210\u4e1c\u4eac\u5b66\u6d3e\u548c\u4eac\u90fd\u5b66\u6d3e\uff0c\u4e1c\u4eac\u5b66\u6d3e\u8f83\u4e3a\u897f\u5316\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u628a\u897f\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6574\u7406\u548c\u8be0\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u7c4d\u3002\u4eac\u90fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u76f8\u5bf9\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u8003\u636e\u548c\u8bad\u8bc2\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u6709\u767d\u9e1f\u5e93\u5409\uff081865\u20141942\uff09\u3001\u6d25\u7530\u5de6\u53f3\u5409\uff081873\u20141961\uff09\u3001\u6c60\u5185\u5b8f\uff081878\u20141952\uff09\u3001\u52a0\u85e4\u7e41\uff081880\u2014 1946\uff09\u3001\u897f\u7530\u51e0\u591a\u90ce\uff081870\u20141945\uff09\u3001\u5185\u85e4\u6e56\u5357\uff081866\u20141934\uff09\u3001\u72e9\u91ce\u76f4\u559c\uff081868\u20141947\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u540c\u884c\u5728\u6587\u732e\u6574\u7406\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e1d\u4e0d\u82df\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u800c\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u8005\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6536\u83b7\u662f\u5b66\u5230\u4e86\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fdb\u5165\u5112\u83b2\u5956\u8bc4\u59d4\u89c6\u7ebf\u7684\u6709\u5173\u91ce\u8d1e\u7684\u300a\u671d\u9c9c\u53e4\u8ff9\u56fe\u8c31\u300b\u548c\u9ad8\u6960\u987a\u6b21\u90ce\u7684\u300a\u5927\u6b63\u65b0\u4fee\u5927\u85cf\u7ecf\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3010\u5916\u4ea4\u5b66\u7fa4\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u897f\u65b9\u6d3e\u9a7b\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u516c\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u3001\u6d77\u5173\u5b98\u5458\u3001\u7a0e\u52a1\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u519b\u4eba\u3002\u8fd1\u4ee3\u968f\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u95e8\u6237\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u8bf8\u56fd\u5728\u534e\u8bbe\u7acb\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u548c\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\uff0c \u5916\u4ea4\u4eba\u5458\u4ee3\u8868\u5176\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u5e38\u9a7b\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1b\u53c8\u56e0\u6218\u4e89\u8d54\u6b3e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u5173\u3001\u7a0e\u52a1\u673a \u6784\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d0b\u4eba\u4ecb\u5165\u7ba1\u7406\uff1b\u5217\u5f3a\u5728\u534e\u5212\u5b9a\u79df\u754c\uff0c\u9a7b\u6709\u5404\u8272\u519b\u4e8b\u4eba\u5458\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5e38\u9a7b\u8005\u5728\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u5efa\u6811\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8eab\u4efd\u7279\u6b8a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u8d44\u6599\u4e30\u5bcc\u3001\u89c6\u89d2\u72ec\u7279\u3002\u5112\u83b2\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u6709\u970d\u9053\u751f\u3001\u8d1d\u52d2\u3001\u5f25\u4e50\u77f3\u3001\u6b27\u6c99\u5fb7\u3001\u5189\u9ed8\u5fb7\u3001\u5fb7\u5fae\u7406\u4e9a\u3001\u53e4\u6052\u3001\u7fdf\u7406\u65af\u3001\u5b8b\u5609\u94ed\u3001\u7c73\u7ea6\u3001\u6587\u6797\u58eb\u7b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\u83b7\u5956\u540d\u5355\u4e0a\u5360\u5f88\u5927\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3010\u5149\u542f\u5b66\u7fa4\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u5149\u542f\u793e\uff0c\u6cd5\u6587\u540d\u79f0\u4e3aBureau Sinologique\uff0c\u9053\u5149\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081842\uff09\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u91cd\u8fd4\u4e0a\u6d77\u540e\u5728\u5f90\u5bb6\u6c47\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u4f4f\u9662\u8bbe\u7acb\u3002\u5149\u542f\u793e\u6700\u521d\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e2e\u52a9\u5916\u6765\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5b66\u4e60\u6c49\u8bed\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u793e\u5458\u5236\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5370\u5237\u54c1\u4ec5\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u6559\u4f1a\u4eba\u58eb\u4e2d\u6d41\u4f20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u9762\u5411\u666e\u901a\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u6545\u9c9c\u6709\u4eba\u77e5\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7f51\u7f57\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u5728\u6559\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u8ba4\u771f\u505a\u8d77\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6e10\u6210\u6c14\u5019\u3002\u5149\u542f\u793e\u4e5f\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e0a\u6d77\u6559\u533a\u7684\u6559\u52a1\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u627f\u62c5\u7740\u6559\u533a\u6587\u4ef6\u6536\u96c6\u6574\u7406\u3001\u7f16\u7e82\u7edf\u8ba1\u5e74\u62a5\u3001\u8d77\u8349\u6587\u724d\u62a5\u544a\u4ee5\u53ca\u571f\u5c71\u6e7e\u5370\u4e66\u9986\u51fa\u7248\u5370\u5236\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e2d\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5149\u542f\u793e\u9010\u6b65\u7531\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7c4d\u795e\u7236\u4e3b\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5149\u542f\u793e\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u662f\u5149\u7eea\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff081892\uff09\u7531\u590f\u9e23\u96f7\u53d1\u8d77\u7f16\u7e82\u3001\u571f\u5c71\u6e7e\u5370\u4e66\u9986\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u201c\u6c49\u5b66\u4e1b\u4e66\u201d\uff08Varits Sinologiques\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u5957\u897f\u6587\u4e1b\u4e66\u591a\u8fbe\u4e03\u5341\u518c\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u6d89\u53ca\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u827a\u672f\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u5730\u7406\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u5957\u4e1b\u4e66\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4e2d\u6709\u4e03\u4eba\u5171\u516b\u6b21\u83b7\u5112\u83b2\u5956\uff1a\u6641\u5fb7\u8385\u3001\u9ec4\u4f2f\u7984\uff08\u4e24 \u6b21\uff09\u3001\u5f90\u52a2\u3001\u65b9\u6bbf\u534e\u3001\u7984\u662f\u9052\u3001\u7ba1\u5b9c\u7a46\u3001\u9c8d\u6765\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/ffda60adc962db99\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/5d03ef947f70091f\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/92246adbf3d9f046\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/6826ec609361b3ff\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5149\u542f\u793e\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u201c\u6c49\u5b66\u4e1b\u4e66\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5b\u5854\u56fe\u96c6\u300b\uff08Collection of China\u2032s Pagodas\uff0c1915\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u4f5b\u6559\u4e0e\u5b89\u5357\u7684\u796d\u62dc\u300b\uff08Le Bouddhisme et Cultes d&#8217;Annam\uff0c1930\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u6c49\u5b66\u754c\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3010\u6cb3\u95f4\u5b66\u7fa4\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u6cb3\u95f4\u5b66\u7fa4\u4e0e\u5149\u542f\u5b66\u7fa4\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u76f4\u96b6\u4e1c\u5357\u6559\u533a\u8bbe\u7acb\u5728\u6cb3\u95f4\u5e9c\u732e\u53bf\u5f20\u5bb6\u5e84\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u7684\u4ee3\u7267\u533a\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u4e2d\u671f\u6d3b\u52a8\u8303\u56f4\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5929\u6d25\uff1b\u6cb3\u95f4\u6559\u533a\u5728\u732e\u53bf\u521b\u7acb\u80dc\u4e16\u5802\u5370\u4e66\u623f\uff0c\u5728\u5929\u6d25\u521b\u7acb\u5d07\u5fb7\u5802\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5728\u534e\u7b2c\u4e09\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u5929\u6d25\u5de5\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u90fd\u66fe\u7ecf\u6709\u8fc7\u8f83\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u6c14\u6c1b\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8457\u4f5c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u975e\u5e38\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u672f\u56e2\u4f53\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u5112\u83b2\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u987e\u8d5b\u82ac\u548c\u6234\u9042\u826f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u7814 \u7a76\u4e0e\u5149\u542f\u793e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u6cb3\u95f4\u4eba\u6ce8\u91cd\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u4fa7\u91cd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6574\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cb3\u95f4\u5b66\u7fa4\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u65e7\u77f3\u5668\u65f6\u671f\u548c\u65b0\u77f3\u5668\u65f6\u671f\u505a\u8fc7\u6df1\u5165\u8003\u5bdf\u548c\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u6210\u7ee9\u5353\u7136\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u6851\u5fd7\u534e\u548c\u5fb7\u65e5\u8fdb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c2\u4e0e\u5317\u4eac\u5468\u53e3\u5e97\u539f\u4eba\u9057\u5740\u548c\u8428\u62c9\u4e4c\u82cf\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u9057\u5740\u53d1\u6398\uff1b\u8bbe\u7acb\u8fc7\u5317\u7586\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff08Mus\u00e9e Hoangho Paiho\uff09\u548c\u5317\u4eac\u5730\u8d28\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Institut de G\u00e9obiologie P\u00e9kin\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3010\u8f85\u4ec1\u5b66\u7fa4\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8f85\u4ec1\u5b66\u7fa4\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5723\u8a00\u4f1a\u5156\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u4ece\u4e8b\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5723\u8a00\u4f1a\u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u8f85\u4ec1\u5927\u5b66\u4e4b\u5b66\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1875\u5e74\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u6768\u751f\u5728\u5fb7\u8377\u8fb9\u5883\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u53e4\u9547\u65af\u6cf0\u5c14\uff08Steyl\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u5723\u8a00\u4f1a\uff08Societas Verbi Divini Word\uff0cS.V.D.\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u64ad\u798f\u97f3\u800c\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u4fee\u4f1a\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u4e94\u5e74\uff081879\uff09\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5b89\u6cbb\u6cf0\u548c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u4eba\u798f\u82e5\u745f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5723\u8a00\u4f1a\u9996\u6279\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u8e0f\u4e0a\u4e2d\u56fd\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u7ecf\u68b5\u8482\u5188\u6279\u51c6\u7ec4\u5efa\u9c81\u5357\u4f20\u6559\u533a\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5156\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u5c71\u4e1c\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u98ce\u4fd7\u3001\u4e60\u5c1a\u60c5\u6709\u72ec\u949f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f20\u64ad\u90b9\u9c81\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u4e3a\u5df1\u4efb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u62dc\u89c1\u8fc7\u5b54\u5b50\u540e\u4eba\u884d\u5723\u516c\u5b54\u4ee4\u8d3b\uff0c\u91c7\u98ce\u9c81\u5357\u6c11\u4fd7\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u7559\u7ed9\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u91cf\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u53f2\u6599\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u6709\u8d6b\u5fb7\u660e\u3001\u7f57\u8d5b\u3001\u5f6d\u4e9a\u4f2f\u3001\u859b\u7530\u8d44\u3001\u845b\u7c73\u798f\u3001\u970d\u5c14\u66fc\u3001\u9c8d\u6da6\u751f\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0e\u5112\u83b2\u5956\u65e0\u7f18\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5156\u5dde\u6559\u533a\u81ea\u529e\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u5370\u4e66\u9986\u5728\u6e05\u672b\u6c11\u521d\u7f16\u7e82\u8fc7\u4e00\u5957\u4e1b\u4e66\u2014\u2014\u201c\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u8bb0\u8ff0\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1b\u4e66\u201d\uff08Studien und Schilderungen aus China\uff09\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5747\u662f\u5f6d\u4e9a\u4f2f\uff0c\u6709\u56db\u79cd\uff1a\u300a\u6cf0\u5c71\u53ca\u5176\u796d\u62dc\u300b\uff08Der T\u2032ai-Schan und Seine Kultst\u00e4tten\uff0c1906\uff09\u3001\u300a\u66f2\u961c\u548c\u90b9\u53bf\u5112\u5bb6\u5723\u5730\u300b\uff08Heiligt\u00fcmer des Konfuzianismus in K\u2032\u00fc-Fu und Tschou-Hien\uff0c1906\uff09\u3001\u300a17\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\u65e5\u534e\u4ea4\u901a\u53f2\u300b\uff08Japans Beziehungen zu China\uff0cSeit den \u00c4ltesten Zeiten bis zum jahre 1600\uff0c1907\uff09\u3001\u300a\u5b54\u592b\u5b50\u300b\uff08Konfucius\uff09\uff3b\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\u201c\u5b54\u5b50\u4f20\u201d\uff08Konfucius\uff0cSein Leben\uff0c1910\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5377 \u201c\u5b54\u5b50\u95e8\u5f92\u4f20\u201d\uff08Konfucius\uff0cSeine Sch\u00fcler\uff0c1915\uff09\uff3d\u3002\u5156\u5dde\u5929\u4e3b\u5802\u5370\u4e66\u9986\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081932\uff09\u845b\u7c73\u798f\u7684\u300a\u9c81\u5357\u4e27\u793c\u8003\u300b\uff08Der Totenkult in S\u00fcdeschantung\uff09\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081934\uff09\u8463\u5e08\u5195\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u300a\u6cf0\u5c71\u66f2\u961c\u6307\u5357\u300b\uff08T\u00e4ichan-Tch\u00fcfu F\u00fchrer\uff0cT\u2032aishan-K\u00fcfow Guide\uff09\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081935\uff09\u970d\u5c14\u66fc\u7684\u300a\u6c49\u65cf\u6587\u660e\u8fdb\u5316\u53f2\u300b\uff08Von Urmenschen zur Hochkultur\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8457\u4f5c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u7fa4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c11\u56fd\u516b\u5e74\uff081919\uff09\u9a6c\u76f8\u4f2f\u548c\u82f1\u655b\u4e4b\u5411\u6559\u5b97\u6765\u534e\u4ee3\u8868\u63d0\u8bae\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u521b\u529e\u4e00\u6240\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081922\uff09\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u5ef7\u6388\u6743\u7f8e\u56fd\u672c\u7b03\u4f1a\uff08Benedictine Order\uff09\u6765\u534e\u7b79\u63aa\u5317\u4eac\u516c\u6559\u5927\u5b66\uff08Peking Catholic University\uff09\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u56db\u5e74\uff081925\uff09\u82f1\u655b\u4e4b\u8d2d\u7f6e\u5317\u4eac\u897f\u57ce\u5b9a\u961c\u5927\u8857\u6d9b\u8d1d\u52d2\u5e9c\u4e3a\u6821\u5740\uff0c\u5e76\u5148\u671f\u5728\u738b\u5e9c\u897f\u4e66\u623f\u6210\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u9884\u79d1\uff0c\u53d6\u540d\u201c\u5317\u4eac\u516c\u6559\u5927\u5b66\u9644\u5c5e\u8f85\u4ec1\u793e\u201d \uff08McManus Academy of Chinese Studies\uff09\uff0c\u5965\u56fe\u5c14\u4efb\u6821\u957f\uff0c\u82f1\u655b\u4e4b\u62c5\u4efb\u793e\u957f\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\u521d\u82f1\u655b\u4e4b\u56e0\u809d\u764c\u901d\u4e16\uff0c\u9648\u57a3\u7ee7\u4efb\u8f85\u4ec1\u793e\u793e\u957f\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081927\uff09\u8f85\u4ec1\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f00\u8bbe\u5927\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u6c11\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u6b63\u5f0f\u6ce8\u518c\u767b\u8bb0\u4e3a \u201c\u79c1\u7acb\u5317\u5e73\u8f85\u4ec1\u5927\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u5965\u56fe\u5c14\u4efb\u6821\u52a1\u957f\uff0c\u9648\u57a3\u4efb\u6821\u957f\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74 \uff081933\uff09\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u8bbe\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8f85\u4ec1\u5927\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u8d2c\u503c\uff0c\u672c\u7b03\u4f1a\u96be\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7ee7\u3002\u6559\u5ef7\u4e43\u6539\u6d3e\u5723\u8a00\u4f1a\u63a5\u529e\uff0c\u5723\u8a00\u4f1a\u6d3e\u4eba\u51fa\u4efb\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u6821\u52a1\u957f\u3002\u5723\u8a00\u4f1a\u5c71\u4e1c\u533a\u4f1a\u957f\u8212\u5fb7\u7984\u53ca\u9c8d\u6da6\u751f\u6765\u5317\u4eac\u6b63\u5f0f\u529e\u7406\u79fb\u4ea4\u3002\u6070\u6070\u7531\u4e8e\u5723\u8a00\u4f1a\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u5360\u65f6\u671f\u6b27\u7f8e\u7c4d\u6559\u6388\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u90e8\u64a4\u79bb\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u5173\u8fdb\u65e5\u519b\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f85\u4ec1\u5927\u5b66\u6ca1\u6709\u5357\u8fc1\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6240\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e00\u8dc3\u6210\u4e3a\u534e\u5317\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b66\u5e9c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/1971104286940578\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2 \u8f85\u4ec1\u5927\u5b66<\/p>\n<p>\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9664\u4e86\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u201c\u5149\u542f\u793e\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cb3\u95f4\u5e9c\u732e\u53bf\u6559\u533a\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\u5317\u4eac\u8f85\u4ec1\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u7b97\u5f02\u519b\u7a81\u8d77\u3002\u9002\u9022\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6c5f\u5357\u6559\u533a\u7684\u8bf8\u673a\u6784\u9047\u5230\u53d1\u5c55\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u7565\u663e\u9893\u6001\uff0c\u9648\u63f4\u5eb5\u5148\u751f\u5728\u8f85\u4ec1\u5927\u5b66\u62db\u5175\u4e70\u9a6c\uff0c\u5e7f\u5f95\u4e2d\u5916\u8d24\u58eb\uff0c\u6b32\u628a\u8f85\u4ec1\u6253\u9020\u6210\u56fd\u9645\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u5730\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5f53\u5e74\u82f1\u655b\u4e4b\u548c\u9a6c\u76f8\u4f2f\u501f\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u201c\u4ee5\u6587\u4f1a\u53cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53cb\u8f85\u4ec1\u201d\u7ed9\u65b0\u5b66\u6821\u8d77\u540d\u201c\u8f85\u4ec1\u201d\u7684\u672c\u610f\u3002\u9648\u63f4\u5eb5\u5148\u751f\u5bf9\u8f85\u4ec1\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u5f15\u6765\u4e86\u5f20\u661f\u70fa\u3001 \u6c88\u517c\u58eb \u3001\u82f1\u5343\u91cc\u7b49\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u8f85\u4ec1\u6267\u6559\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6c34\u51c6\uff0c\u9648\u63f4\u5eb5\u5148\u751f\u8fd8\u7ecf\u5e38\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u597d\u53cb\u80e1\u9002\u4e4b\u3001\u9648\u5bc5\u606a\u3001\u67ef\u7ecd\u5fde\u8bf7\u5230\u8f85\u4ec1\u5927\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u80e1\u9002\u4e4b\u66fe\u4ee3\u9648\u63f4\u5eb5\u6821\u957f\u8868\u8fbe\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5171\u540c\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u55e3\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u95ee\uff0c\u9700\u4e2d\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u8865\u4ee5\u524d\u5404\u81ea\u57cb\u5934\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u4e16\u754c\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u771f\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u56fd\u9645\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u8f85\u4ec1\u82f1\u6587\u5b66\u5fd7\u300b\u300a\u8f85\u4ec1\u5b66\u5fd7\u300b\u300a\u534e\u88d4\u5b66\u5fd7\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u534e\u88d4\u5b66\u5fd7\u4e13\u520a\u201d \u4e1b\u4e66\uff08Monograph Series\uff09\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u5148\u540e\u52a0\u5165\u300a\u534e\u88d4\u5b66\u5fd7\u300b\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8\u7684\u6709\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u9c8d\u6da6\u751f\u3001\u96f7\u5195\u3001\u987e\u82e5\u611a\u3001\u8c22\u793c\u58eb\u3001\u827e\u9537\u98ce\u3001\u53f6\u5fb7\u793c\u3001\u4e30\u6d6e\u9732\u3001\u798f\u534e\u5fb7\u3001\u7f57\u8d8a\u3001\u94a2\u548c\u6cf0\uff0c\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u4eba\u7530\u6e05\u6ce2\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u6234\u4f55\u90fd\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u9648\u57a3\u3001\u5f20\u661f\u70fa\u3001\u6c88\u517c\u58eb\u3001\u82f1\u5343\u91cc\u3001\u65b9\u5fd7\u6d75\u7b49\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff081937\uff09\u300a\u534e\u88d4\u5b66\u5fd7\u300b\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u96f7\u5195\u548c\u4e30\u6d6e\u9732\u4e3b\u7f16\u7684\u5927\u578b \u4e1b\u4e66\u201c\u534e\u88d4\u5b66\u5fd7\u4e13\u520a\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/b6d148ad318c3309\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8f85\u4ec1\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f88\u5c11\u53d7\u5112\u83b2\u5956\u9752\u7750\uff0c\u6709\u7f18\u9082\u9005\u5112\u83b2\u5956\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c \u5927\u6982\u53ea\u6709\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u4f5b\u5c14\u514b\u52c9\u5f3a\u7b97\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3010\u8fdc\u4e1c\u5b66\u7fa4\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u7fa4\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u7531\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u662f\u5728\u6cd5\u5c5e\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u90a3\u7684\u519b\u4eba\u548c\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u662f\u5df4\u9ece\u5916\u65b9\u4f20\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u90a3\u8bf8\u5730\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u56fd\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4fee\u9053\u5b97\u4f1a\u5df4\u9ece\u5916\u65b9\u4f20\u6559\u4f1a\uff08Societas Parisiensis Missionum ad Exteras Gente\uff0cMissions \u00c9trang\u00e8res de Paris\uff0cM. E. P\uff09\u7684\u8fdc\u4e1c\u603b\u90e8\u8bbe\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u5176\u89e6\u89d2\u4f38\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u7684\u897f\u5357\u3001\u4e24\u5e7f\u548c\u4e1c\u5317\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u671d\u9c9c\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u90a3\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u7b49\u5730\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u4f20\u6559\u533a\u57df\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5df4\u9ece\u5916\u65b9\u4f20\u6559\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u6d3e\u9063\u5730\u5e7f\u5e03\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u90e8\u548c\u897f\u5357\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u90a3\u534a\u5c9b\uff0c\u5176\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u504f\u91cd\u5404\u5730\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5316\u3001\u98ce\u4fd7\u4e60\u6027\u3001\u4eba\u6587\u5730\u7406\u7684\u641c\u96c6\u548c\u6574\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b66\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u821e\u53f0\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\u7eb3\u531d\u808b\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff08Imprimerie de Nazareth Pokfulum Hongkong\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u9986\u5b66\u672f\u671f\u520a\u300a\u5df4\u9ece\u5916\u65b9\u4f20\u6559\u4f1a\u96c6\u520a \u300b\uff08Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Missions-\u00c9trang\u00e8res de Paris\uff09\uff1b\u4e8c\u3001\u6cd5\u5c5e\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u90a3\u8054\u90a6\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u6cb3\u5185\u8fdc\u4e1c\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff08Imprimerie d\u2019Extr\u00eame-Orient Hanoi\uff09\uff1b\u4e09\u3001\u6cb3\u5185\u8fdc\u4e1c\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\uff08\u00c9cole Fran\u00e7aise d\u2019Extr\u00eame-Orient\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u51fa\u7248\u7cfb\u5217\u5b66\u672f\u520a\u7269\u300a\u8fdc\u4e1c\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u96c6\u520a\u300b\uff08Bulletin de l\u2019\u00c9cole Fran\u00e7aise d\u2019Extr\u00eame-Orient\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7279\u8272\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u6ce8\u91cd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u6599\uff1b\u4e8c\u3001\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1c\u5317\u3001\u5357\u65b9\u3001\u897f\u5357\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u671d\u9c9c\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u8d8a\u5357\u3001\u8001\u631d\u3001 \u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u7b49\u5730\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u8d44\u6599\uff1b\u4e09\u3001\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u90e8\u548c\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u5730\u7406\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u897f\u5357\u8fb9\u9672\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6587\u5316\u98ce\u4fd7\uff0c\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u65b0\u6559\u51fa\u7248\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/819090974ca5d03a\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2 \u300a\u8fdc\u4e1c\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u96c6\u520a\u300b\uff08Bulletin de l\u2019\u00c9cole Fran\u00e7aise d\u2019Extr\u00eame-Orient\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u300a\u5df4\u9ece\u5916\u65b9\u4f20\u6559\u4f1a\u96c6\u520a\u300b\u4e0a\u7684\u7cbe\u5f69\u6587\u7ae0\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u5df4\u9ece\u5916\u65b9\u4f20\u6559\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u9664\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u6cf0\u56fd\u3001\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u7b49\u56fd\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u6c49\u6587\u5316\u5708\u3002\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4eec\u4e0d\u8bba\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u90a3\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u9664\u5c65\u884c\u5949\u4e3b\u804c\u8d23\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c \u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u672c\u571f\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u504f\u79bb\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u4e8c\u3001\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u534e\u5357\u3001\u897f\u5357\u8fb9\u9672\u548c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u90a3\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u5bf9\u672c\u5730\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u4e60\u4fd7\u3001\u796d \u7940\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u5730\u7406\u7b49\u505a\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u6599\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u6574\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5404\u6709\u591a\u7ef4\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4e09\u3001\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4eec\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u90a3\u548c\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u53d7\u5230\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u6234\u7740\u6216\u6df1\u6216\u6d45\u6d3e\u9063\u56fd\u58a8\u955c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5468\u56f4\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5730\u7406\u7684\u5212\u5206\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u56e0\u88ad\u4f20\u7edf\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u4e3a\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u548c\u6fb3\u95e8\u90fd\u6709\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u673a\u6784\u3002\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u662f\u521b\u529e\u4e8e\u5149\u7eea\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff081885\uff09\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u7eb3\u531d\u808b\u9759\u9662\u5370\u4e66\u9986\u3002\u7eb3\u531d\u808b\u9759\u9662\u5370\u4e66\u9986\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u79cd\u6587\u5b57\u51fa\u7248\u56fe\u4e66\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee5\u524d\u4ece\u672a\u51fa\u7248\u8fc7\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u4e3a\u591a\uff0c\u5360\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\u4e3a\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u5360\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\uff1b\u6cd5\u6587\u5360\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u5341\u4e5d\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u5b89\u5357\u8bed\u3001\u9ad8\u68c9\u8bed\u3001\u4f6c\u8bed\u3001\u9a6c\u6765\u8bed\u3001\u7f05\u8bed\u3001\u65e5\u8bed\u7b49\u4e1c\u4e9a\u3001\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u8bed\u8a00\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6d89\u53ca\u5e15\u52b3\u8bed\u3001\u5173\u5c9b\u7684\u67e5\u83ab\u7f57\u8bed\u3001\u5580\u7f57\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u5361\u7eb3\u514b\u8bed\u7b49\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8bed\u79cd\u3002\u4ece\u6587\u5316\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u662f\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u5982\u82d7\u8bed\u3001\u5f5d\u8bed\u3001\u7476\u8bed\u3001\u50a3\u8bed\u3001\u85cf\u8bed\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5112\u83b2\u5956\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b66\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u6700\u591a\uff0c\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u6709\u7f57\u5c3c\u3001\u5fb7\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14\u3001\u535a\u5185\u7279\u3001\u62c9\u514b\u9c81\u74e6\u3001\u62c9\u827a\u3001\u7231\u83ab\u5c3c\u5c14\u3001\u5b89\u6258\u4e07\u3001\u4f11\u4f2f\u3001\u9093\u660e\u5fb7\u3001\u65b9\u4e49\u548c\u3001\u97e6\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u8428\u7ef4\u7eb3\u3001\u9a6c\u4f2f\u4e50\u3001\u6881\u4ea8\u5229\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3010\u585e\u5317\u5b66\u7fa4\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u30021862\u5e74\u5357\u6000\u4e49\u795e\u7236\u5728\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u53f8\u5404\u7279\u521b\u5efa\u5723\u6bcd\u5723\u5fc3\u4f1a\uff08Congr\u00e9gations du C\u0153ur Immacul\u00e9 de Marie\uff09\uff0c\u521b\u7acb\u8fd9\u5bb6\u4fee\u4f1a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u201c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8d2b\u7a77\u4e0e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b64\u513f\u9662\u201d\u3002\u540c\u6cbb\u4e09\u5e74\uff081864\uff09\u5357\u6000\u4e49\u5f97\u5230\u6559\u5ef7\u8bb8\u53ef\u524d\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u97e9\u9ed8\u7406\u7b49\u56db\u4f4d\u795e\u7236\u5148\u671f\u6765\u5230\u897f\u6e7e\u5b50\uff0c\u63a5\u7ba1\u9063\u4f7f\u4f1a\u5300\u51fa\u7684\u8499\u53e4\u5b97\u5ea7\u4ee3\u7267\u533a\u3002\u5357\u6000\u4e49\u6765\u534e\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\u611f\u67d3\u6591\u75b9\u4f24\u5bd2\u901d\u4e8e\u6ee6\u5e73\u53bf\u8001\u864e\u6c9f\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u82e6\u5fc3\u7ecf\u8425\uff0c\u5723\u6bcd\u5723\u5fc3\u4f1a\u4fee\u5efa\u4e86\u677e\u6811\u5634\u5b50\uff08\u70ed\u6cb3\uff09\u3001\u897f\u6e7e\u5b50\uff08\u5bdf\u54c8\u5c14\uff09\u3001\u516c\u6c9f\u5830\u3001\u5f52\u5316\u57ce\u3001\u6cb3\u5957\u4e09\u76db\u516c\u3001\u9655\u5317\u4e09\u8fb9\u5c0f\u6865\u7554\u7b49\u5904\u7684\u6559\u5802\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u56db\u5e74\uff081878\uff09\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u7518\u8083\u4ee3\u7267\u533a\uff1b\u5149\u7eea\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081883\uff09\u5185\u8499\u53e4\u5730\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f20\u6559\u533a\uff1a\u8d64\u5cf0\u70ed\u6cb3\u4e00\u5e26\u7684\u201c\u4e1c\u8499\u53e4\u4ee3\u7267\u533a\u201d\uff0c\u897f\u6e7e\u5b50\u96c6\u5b81\u4e00\u5e26\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u8499\u53e4\u4ee3\u7267\u533a\u201d\uff0c\u7ee5\u8fdc\u3001\u9655\u5317\u53ca\u5b81\u590f\u4e00\u5e26\u7684 \u201c\u897f\u5357\u8499\u53e4\u4ee3\u7267\u533a\u201d\u3002\u5723\u6bcd\u5723\u5fc3\u4f1a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u7684\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5171\u4ece\u6b27\u6d32\u6d3e\u9063\u516d\u767e\u4e03\u5341\u4e5d\u4f4d\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u6765\u534e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6765\u534e\u4f20\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u5723\u6bcd\u5723\u5fc3\u4f1a\u548c\u5723\u8a00\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5176\u521d\u8877\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u800c\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u4fee\u4f1a\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5b83\u65e0\u5b97\u6d3e\u95f4\u9699\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u3001\u9063\u4f7f\u4f1a\u3001 \u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\u7b49\u90fd\u7ed9\u4e88\u5b83\u5e2e\u52a9\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u571f\u5c71\u6e7e\u5370\u4e66\u9986\u4e3a\u5723\u6bcd\u5723\u5fc3\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u6c49\u5b66\u4e1b\u4e66\u201d\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u548c\u5723\u6bcd\u5723\u5fc3\u4f1a\u4f1a\u58eb\u3002\u5723\u8a00\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u8f85\u4ec1\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4f1a\u5916\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u53c2\u4e0e\u6700\u591a\u8005\u4e5f\u662f\u5723\u6bcd\u5723\u5fc3\u4f1a\u4f1a\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e66\u7c4d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u8db3\u8ff9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7531\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u4eba\u6784\u6210\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u6587\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u6c89\u5bc2\u5728\u585e\u5916\u8352\u57df\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u4ee5\u5173\u5fc3\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u4e13\u95e8\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u4fee\u4f1a\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f20\u6559\u4e4b\u4f59\uff0c\u6f5c\u5fc3\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u7855\u679c\u7d2f\u7d2f\uff0c\u540d\u4eba\u8f88\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img1.baidu.com\/it\/u=2300434112,1052209142&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=120&amp;f=JPEG?w=800&amp;h=923\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img2.baidu.com\/it\/u=3730543734,724376549&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=120&amp;f=JPEG?w=800&amp;h=955\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img0.baidu.com\/it\/u=222321075,1120032810&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=120&amp;f=JPEG?w=852&amp;h=693\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u6216\u662f\u5bc4\u56de\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u501f\u52a9\u4e0a\u6d77\u5149\u542f\u793e\u548c\u571f\u5c71\u6e7e\u5370\u4e66\u9986\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u201c\u4e8c\u6218\u201d\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u65e5\u519b\u5173\u8fdb\u5c71\u4e1c\u6f4d\u53bf\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u548c\u5317\u5e73\u5fb7\u80dc\u9662\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u6c49\u5b66\u6709\u6210\u5c31\u8005\u6218\u540e\u5927\u591a\u4efb\u6559\u4e8e\u8f85\u4ec1\u5927\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u7fa4\u6709\u4e00\u4e32\u5728\u6c49\u5b66\u754c\u54cd\u4eae\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff1a\u7530\u6e05\u6ce2\u3001\u5eb7\u56fd\u6cf0\u3001\u5f6d\u5d69\u5bff\u3001\u95f5\u5ba3\u5316\u3001\u8d3a\u767b\u5d27\u3001\u9676\u798f\u97f3\u3001\u53f8\u5f8b\u4e49\u3001\u65b9\u5e0c\u5723\u7b49\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u540e\u671f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u6587 \u5b66\u9887\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5584\u79c9\u4ec1\u548c\u6587\u5b9d\u5cf0\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u7f18\u5112\u83b2\u5956\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5386\u53f2\u62b9\u4e0d\u6389\u7684\u7f3a\u61be\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6765\u6e90: \u751f\u6d3b\u4e66\u5e97 \u672c\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u8282\u9009\u81ea\u300a\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5112\u83b2\u5956\u300b \u59da\u9e4f \u8457 \u6d77\u5916\u6c49\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u6570\u767e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5],"tags":[10722,16954,16953],"views":244,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55790"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=55790"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55790\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55800,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55790\/revisions\/55800"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=55790"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=55790"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=55790"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}