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\/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe5.\u82cf\u5236123\u578b\u9c7c\u96f7\u8247\uff08\u53c8\u7ec6\u5206\u4e3a123\u6bd4\u65af\u578b\u548c123K\u578b\uff0c\u5317\u7ea6\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3aP-4\u578b\u9c7c\u96f7\u8247\uff09\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u7684158\u53f7P-4\u578b\u9c7c\u96f7\u8247\uff08\u5c5e123\u6bd4\u65af\u578b\uff09\u66fe\u57281954\u5e7411\u670814\u65e5\u7684\u6e14\u5c71\u5217\u5c9b\u6d77\u6218\u4e2d\u51fb\u6c89\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u6d77\u519b\u7684\u201c\u592a\u5e73\u201d\u53f7\u62a4\u822a\u9a71\u9010\u8230\uff0c\u8be5\u8247\u540e\u88ab\u9648\u5217\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u519b\u4e8b\u535a\u7269\u9986<\/p>\n<p>\u9488\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u8230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u88ad\u51fb<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u628a\u89c6\u7ebf\u62c9\u56de1964\u5e74\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u9009\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u56e0\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u9047\u523a\u800c\u4ee5\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u8eab\u4efd\u5ba3\u8a93\u5c31\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c36\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u6797\u767b\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f3a\u52b2\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\uff1a\u5728\u5f53\u5e747\u6708\u7684\u5171\u548c\u515a\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u88ab\u63d0\u540d\u4e3a\u603b\u7edf\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u9e70\u6d3e\u4eba\u7269\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u6208\u5fb7\u534e\u7279\uff08Barry M. Goldwater\uff09\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4f4d\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u8d8a\u5357\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u91c7\u53d6\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u786c\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65f6\u673a\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u9879\u7531\u4ed6\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u8d77\u8349\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u8fbe\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ecb\u5165\u8d8a\u5357\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u575a\u5b9a\u652f\u6301\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w720_h929_ablur_q90_webp\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2023\/6167494A7C07ECFA04325601638409C0D015345B_size203_w720_h929.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe6.\u8eab\u7740\u6d77\u519b\u519b\u670d\u7684\u6797\u767b\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u66fe\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u52a0\u6d77\u519b\u5e76\u670d\u5f79\uff0c1942\u5e74\u56de\u56fd\u540e\u66fe\u51fa\u4efb\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u6d77\u519b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7279\u522b\u8c03\u67e5\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4e3b\u5e2d<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b66\u88c5\u90e8\u961f\u5728\u8d8a\u5357\u5df2\u7ecf\u6218\u6597\u4e86\u4e09\u5e74\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5176\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7a81\u51fb\u961f\u7b49\u7279\u6218\u529b\u91cf\u66fe\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u79d8\u5bc6\u6218\u6597\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u603b\u7684\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7f8e\u519b\u4e3b\u8981\u8fd8\u662f\u4ee5\u987e\u95ee\u548c\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u63f4\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u4ecb\u5165\u8d8a\u5357\u7684\u6218\u4e8b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7a81\u51fb\u961f\uff0c\u6df1\u85cf\u5728\u9634\u5f71\u4e2d\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u4fdd\u5bc6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6bd4\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7a81\u51fb\u961f\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u652f\u540d\u66f0\u201c\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5c0f\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u961f\u4f0d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u540d\u5b57\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u5e73\u6de1\u65e0\u5947\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u63a9\u76d6\u771f\u5b9e\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u5e4c\u5b50\uff1a\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u662f\u5728\u201c34-A\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u79d8\u5bc6\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u57281964\u5e741\u6708\u6279\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5c0f\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u4ee5\u5c98\u6e2f\u4e3a\u57fa\u5730\uff0c\u6d3e\u51fa\u7531\u5357\u8d8a\u58eb\u5175\u9a7e\u9a76\u64cd\u7eb5\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u5de1\u903b\u8247\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u8d8a\u6d77\u5cb8\u7ebf\u9644\u8fd1\u5f00\u5c55\u201c\u6253\u4e86\u5c31\u8dd1\u201d\u5f0f\u7684\u7a81\u88ad\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u5728\u201c34-A\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a81\u88ad\u6d3b\u52a8\u5fc5\u987b\u4e8b\u5148\u5f97\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u957f\u3001\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u6216\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u6388\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w720_h532_q90_webp\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2023\/0BEF1D513418E4C1D8FFC3F81014FECED73ACB78_size313_w720_h532.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe7.\u4e00\u5f20\u975e\u5e38\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u636e\u79f0\u662f\u5317\u8d8a\u7684\u5de1\u903b\u8247\uff0c\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u62cd\u6444<\/p>\n<p>1964\u5e747\u670831\u65e5\u4e0a\u5348\uff0c\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u4e00\u6b21\u7a81\u88ad\u884c\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5c0f\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u5de1\u903b\u8247\u5728\u8fd4\u822a\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u201c\u9a6c\u591a\u514b\u65af\u201d\u53f7\u9a71\u9010\u8230\u7684\u76ee\u89c6\u76d1\u89c6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u9a6c\u591a\u514b\u65af\u201d\u53f7\u9a71\u9010\u8230\u521a\u8fdb\u5165\u5317\u90e8\u6e7e\u6d77\u57df\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u5f00\u5c55\u641c\u96c6\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u60c5\u62a5\u7684\u6d77\u4e0a\u5de1\u903b\u3002\u6839\u636e\u65f6\u4efb\u7f8e\u519b\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u5934\u5934\u590f\u666e\uff08U. S. G. Sharp\uff09\u6d77\u519b\u4e0a\u5c06\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u4ee3\u53f7\u4e3a\u201c\u5fb7\u7d22\u6258\u201d\uff08DeSoto\uff09\u7684\u6d77\u4e0a\u5de1\u903b\u4efb\u52a1\u65e8\u5728\u201c\u66f4\u65b0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u60c5\u62a5\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5907\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5317\u8d8a\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u201d\u3002\u6267\u884c\u201c\u5fb7\u7d22\u6258\u201d\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u519b\u8230\u7532\u677f\u4e0a\u4f1a\u52a0\u88c5\u4fe1\u53f7\u622a\u83b7\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u7531\u6d77\u519b\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u201c\u5fb7\u7d22\u6258\u201d\u6d77\u4e0a\u5de1\u903b\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u201c34-A\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u4e0b\u7684\u6cbf\u6d77\u7a81\u88ad\u884c\u52a8\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u5c5e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u65f6\u201c\u9a6c\u591a\u514b\u65af\u201d\u53f7\u7684\u8230\u957f\u662f\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5965\u5409\u5c14\uff08Herbert L. Ogier\uff09\u4e2d\u6821\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u5fb7\u7d22\u6258\u201d\u6d77\u4e0a\u5de1\u903b\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u7b2c\u4e03\u8230\u961f\u7b2c192\u9a71\u9010\u8230\u5206\u961f\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u8d6b\u91cc\u514b\uff08John J. Herrick\uff09\u4e0a\u6821\u30028\u67082\u65e5\u4e0b\u5348\uff0c\u201c\u9a6c\u591a\u514b\u65af\u201d\u53f7\u622a\u83b7\u4e86\u5317\u8d8a\u65b9\u9762\u8ba9P-4\u9c7c\u96f7\u8247\u653b\u51fb\u8be5\u8230\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u201c\u9a6c\u591a\u514b\u65af\u201d\u53f7\u7acb\u523b\u8c03\u5934\u671d\u516c\u6d77\u9a76\u53bb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u8ddd\u79bb\u6d77\u5cb8\u7ebf\u7ea615\u6d77\u91cc\u5904\uff0c\u5317\u8d8a\u7684\u9c7c\u96f7\u8247\u8ffd\u4e86\u4e0a\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w720_h471_q90_webp\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2023\/EFE4C95F0F3178E2F827BDFD6FE014192206E37C_size165_w720_h471.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe8.\u6267\u884c\u201c\u5fb7\u7d22\u6258\u201d\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u8d6b\u91cc\u514b\u4e0a\u6821\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u548c\u8230\u957f\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5965\u5409\u5c14\u4e2d\u6821\u5728\u201c\u9a6c\u591a\u514b\u65af\u201d\u53f7\u9a71\u9010\u8230\u4e0a\uff0c\u7167\u7247\u6444\u4e8e1964\u5e748\u6708<\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u8ffd\u51fb\u8005\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u88ab\u8ffd\u51fb\u8005\uff1a\u201c\u9a6c\u591a\u514b\u65af\u201d\u53f7\u7528\u51765\u82f1\u5bf8\u4e3b\u70ae\u5f00\u706b\uff0c\u5e76\u547c\u53eb\u884c\u9a76\u5728\u5357\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u63d0\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7f57\u52a0\u201d\u53f7\u822a\u7a7a\u6bcd\u8230\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a7a\u4e2d\u652f\u63f4\u3002\u906d\u5230\u7f8e\u519b\u7684\u6d77\u7a7a\u8054\u5408\u53cd\u51fb\u540e\uff0c\u5317\u8d8a\u7684\u9c7c\u96f7\u8247\u4fbf\u64a4\u9000\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u64a4\u9000\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6f2b\u65e0\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u53d1\u5c04\u4e86\u51e0\u679a\u9c7c\u96f7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u6597\u524d\u540e\u6301\u7eed\u4e8637\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u5317\u8d8a\u65b9\u9762\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u51fb\u843d\u4e86\u4e00\u67b6\u7f8e\u673a\uff0c\u8fd8\u51fb\u4e2d\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f8e\u519b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u67b6F-8E\u201c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u6218\u58eb\u201d\u6218\u6597\u673a\u8f7b\u5fae\u53d7\u635f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b89\u5168\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\u6bcd\u8230\u5e76\u964d\u843d\u3002\u201c\u9a6c\u591a\u514b\u65af\u201d\u53f7\u8230\u4f53\u4e0a\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u5904\u5f39\u5b54\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u5458\u4f24\u4ea1\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u51fb\u6c89\u4e86\u6765\u88ad\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u4e09\u8258\u5317\u8d8a\u9c7c\u96f7\u8247\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u51fb\u4f24\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u8258\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w590_h739_ablur_q90_webp\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2023\/0D6BA481F71201D919483F438EB839FC2E19EE55_size242_w590_h739.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe9.1964\u5e748\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u201c\u9a6c\u591a\u514b\u65af\u201d\u53f7\u526f\u8230\u957f\u9093\u666e\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u6770\u514b\u900a\uff08Dempster M. Jackson\uff09\u4e2d\u6821\u5355\u819d\u8dea\u5728\u8be5\u8230\u7684\u90a3\u5904\u5f39\u5b54\u65c1\u8fb9\u2014\u2014\u5317\u8d8a\u9c7c\u96f7\u8247\u5c04\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u53d1\u5927\u53e3\u5f84\u673a\u67aa\u5b50\u5f39\u547d\u4e2d\u4e86\u8230\u4e0aMk 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src=\"http:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w720_h572_q90_webp\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2023\/81770B7024598F0DF5FE5156EFB1B407492AA6BE_size90_w720_h572.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe10.\u201c\u7279\u7eb3\u00b7\u4e54\u4f0a\u201d\u53f7\u9a71\u9010\u8230\uff0c\u6444\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b60\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u3002\u8be5\u8230\u5c5e\u201c\u798f\u96f7\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u201d\u7ea7\uff0c\u957f127\u7c73\uff0c\u5bbd14\u7c73\uff0c\u5403\u6c346.7\u7c73\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u6392\u6c34\u91cf2800\u5428\uff0c\u6ee1\u8f7d\u6392\u6c34\u91cf4050\u5428\uff0c\u4e3b\u70ae\u4e3a\u4e09\u5ea7Mk 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