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\u519b\u6cd5\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u201c\u5f3a\u5978\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5374\u53d1\u73b0\u201c\u786e\u8ba4\u5f3a\u5978\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u5462\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\u987b\u8ffd\u7a76\u65e5\u519b\u5360\u9886\u5357\u4eac\u540e\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6027\u66b4\u529b\uff1f\u4e0d\u5f97\u800c\u77e5\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5929\u91ce\u4e61\u4e09\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u7adf\u7136\u662f\u201c\u5a01\u80c1\u201d\u5baa\u5175\u548c\u519b\u4eba\u5c65\u884c\u516c\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>26\u65e5\u4e4b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8d77\u4e8e\u201c\u5929\u91ce\u96c6\u5408\u6301\u67aa\u58eb\u5175\uff0c\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u6bb4\u6253\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u88ab\u201c\u6bb4\u6253\u201d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b0\u4efb\u9a7b\u5357\u4eac\u9886\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u4e09\u7b49\u79d8\u4e66\u7231\u7acb\u900a\uff08John M. Allison, 1905-1978\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6765\u81ea\u5f97\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u7267\u573a\u7684\u7231\u7acb\u900a\u66fe\u6ede\u7559\u65e5\u672c\u6a2a\u6ee8\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bf4\u4e00\u70b9\u65e5\u8bed\uff0c\u6b64\u523b\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6d3e\u5230\u5357\u4eac\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u548c\u5176\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u6709\u5173\u3002\u00a0\u7231\u7acb\u900a\u88ab\u6253\u540e\uff0c\u9664\u5f53\u573a\u6297\u8bae\u5916\uff0c\u4e8b\u540e\u8fd8\u7535\u544a\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u636e\u6b64\u5411\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5916\u52a1\u7701\u63d0\u51fa\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u201c\u7231\u7acb\u900a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\uff08Allison incident\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u5a92\u4f53\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u300228\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u4ee5\u300a\u88ab\u4e1c\u4eac\u58eb\u5175\u638c\u63b4\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u300b\u4e3a\u9898\u520a\u767b\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5e76\u914d\u4ee5\u7231\u7acb\u900a\u7167\u7247\u3002\u00a029\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u9971\u53d7\u6218\u706b\u4e4b\u82e6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u300a\u7533\u62a5\u300b\uff08\u6c49\u53e3\u7248\uff09\u7b2c1\u7248\u520a\u8f7d\u4e86\u524d\u4e00\u65e5\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e2d\u592e\u793e\u8f6c\u5f15\u7684\u8def\u900f\u793e\u7535\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u8ddf\u8e2a\u62a5\u5bfc\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/2ce5f4d50000f068\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u88ab\u4e1c\u4eac\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u638c\u63b4\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\uff08\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b1938\u5e741\u670828\u65e5\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u6768\u590f\u9e23\u7f16\u300a\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u53f2\u6599\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c63\u5377\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\u6536\u5f55\u4e861938\u5e741\u670828\u65e5\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u4e00\u5219\u65b0\u95fb\u7a3f\uff0c\u65b0\u95fb\u7a3f\u6458\u5f55\u4e8627\u65e5\u548c28\u65e5\u7231\u7acb\u900a\u81f4\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7535\u6587\u3002\u00a0\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u7231\u7acb\u900a\u539f\u7535\u300227\u65e5\u539f\u7535\u4e0e\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u9898\u6709\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u672c\u58eb\u5175\u51b2\u4e0a\u6765\uff0c\u6c14\u51b2\u51b2\u5730\u7528\u82f1\u8bed\u558a\u7740\uff1a\u201c\u9000\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u53bb\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u6211\u5411\u5927\u95e8\u5904\u63a8\u3002\u6211\u6162\u6162\u5730\u540e\u9000\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6211\u6765\u4e0d\u53ca\u9000\u51fa\u5927\u95e8\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u638c\u63b4\u4e86\u6211\uff0c\u8fd8\u8f6c\u8fc7\u8eab\u6253\u4e86\u6797\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u8033\u5149\u3002\u8ddf\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u5baa\u5175\u4ee5\u6577\u884d\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u963b\u6b62\u8fd9\u4e2a\u58eb\u5175\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5baa\u5175\u7528\u65e5\u8bed\u8bf4\u4e86\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\u6216\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6548\u679c\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u9000\u5230\u4e86\u4e34\u8857\u7684\u95e8\u5916\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u58eb\u5175\u4e00\u542c\u8fd9\u8bdd\u5c31\u66b4\u6012\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5634\u91cc\u91cd\u590d\u7740\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u8bd5\u56fe\u653b\u51fb\u79bb\u4ed6\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u6797\u67e5\u7406\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u5baa\u5175\u5728\u963b\u6b62\u4ed6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u5c06\u6797\u67e5\u7406\u886c\u886b\u7684\u8863\u9886\u6495\u7834\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd8\u626f\u6389\u4e86\u51e0\u9897\u7ebd\u6263\u3002\u6b63\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u65e0\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u5486\u54ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7231\u7acb\u900a\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u88ab\u6253\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u540d\u53eb\u6797\u67e5\u7406\uff08Charles H. Riggs, 1892-1953\uff09\uff0c\u6797\u67e5\u7406\u4e5f\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u58eb\u5175\uff09\u7528\u6211\u542c\u4e0d\u61c2\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u543c\u7740\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u7231\u7acb\u900a\u5411\u540e\u63a8\u3002\u6211\u770b\u5230\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\u548c\u7231\u7acb\u900a\u7ad9\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u7136\u540e\u58eb\u5175\u6293\u4f4f\u7231\u7acb\u900a\u7684\u80f3\u81c2\u63a8\u6421\u4ed6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7231\u7acb\u900a\u80cc\u90e8\u62b5\u4f4f\u4e86\u95e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u58eb\u5175\u5c31\u5f53\u7740\u5baa\u5175\u7684\u9762\uff0c\u638c\u63b4\u4e86\u7231\u7acb\u900a\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u53c8\u6253\u4e86\u6211\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5baa\u5175\u4e5f\u8fdb\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u8fd9\u5ea7\u623f\u5c4b\uff08\u6ca1\u63d0\u5230\u8fdb\u9662\u5b50\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u4ece\u5c4b\u5b50\u91cc\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u8fc7\u6765\u3002\u5baa\u5175\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u90a3\u4e2a\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6293\u4f4f\u4ed6\u7684\u80f3\u81c2\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u62c9\u8d70\uff0c\u5f3a\u8feb\u4ed6\u5230\u8def\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4fa7\u53bb\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5baa\u5175\u7ad9\u5728\u6211\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u7ad9\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u8b66\u5bdf\u544a\u8bc9\u58eb\u5175\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6fc0\u6012\u4e86\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7a81\u7136\u628a\u63a8\u5f00\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4\u51b2\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6293\u4f4f\u6211\u8863\u670d\u7684\u9886\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u5f88\u7c97\u66b4\uff0c\u628a\u6211\u7684\u886c\u886b\u90fd\u626f\u574f\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd8\u62fd\u4e0b\u51e0\u9897\u7ebd\u6263\u6765\u3002\u5baa\u5175\u6293\u4f4f\u4ed6\u7684\u80f3\u81c2\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u653e\u4e86\u6211\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7231\u7acb\u900a\u548c\u6797\u67e5\u7406\u7684\u7535\u6587\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6765\u9f99\u53bb\u8109\uff0c\u8fd8\u7ea0\u6b63\u4e86\u65e5\u65b9\u8bb0\u8ff0\u8bed\u7109\u4e0d\u8be6\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u539f\u6765\uff0c\u638c\u63b4\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6797\u67e5\u7406\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5929\u91ce\u4e61\u4e09\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u624b\u4e0b\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u3002\u58eb\u5175\u638c\u63b4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5929\u91ce\u4e61\u4e09\u4ece\u95e8\u5185\u8d70\u51fa\uff1a\u6b63\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u65e0\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u5486\u54ee\uff08\u7231\u7acb\u900a\u8bed\uff09\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u4ece\u5c4b\u5b50\u91cc\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u6765\uff08\u6797\u67e5\u7406\uff09\u3002\u65e5\u6587\u5916\u4ea4\u6587\u4e66\u5c06\u7231\u7acb\u900a\u7684\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7535\u6587\u8bd1\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u65af\u30af\u30b9\u30eb\u5185\u30cb\u90e8\u968a\u30ce\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\u30bf\u30eb\u5c06\u6821\u73fe\u30cf\u30ec\u6311\u6226\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u30f2\u672c\u5b98\u30cb\u53eb\u30d2\u30b1\u30bf\u30ea\u201d\uff08\u201c\u8fd9\u65f6\u90e8\u961f\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u6a21\u6837\u7684\u5c06\u6821\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u6311\u6218\u7684\u59ff\u6001\u5bf9\u7740\u672c\u5b98\u5486\u54ee\u201d\uff09\u3002\u00a0\u5929\u91ce\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u638c\u63b4\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u963b\u6270\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u80af\u5b9a\u5c06\u8d23\u4efb\u63a8\u7ed9\u4e86\u624b\u4e0b\u7684\u58eb\u5175\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4e0d\u96be\u63a8\u77e5\u4f55\u4ee5\u996d\u6cbc\u5b88\u8981\u201c\u8bf4\u670d\u4ed6\u50cf\u4e2a\u7537\u5b50\u6c49\u63a5\u53d7\u5904\u7406\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0a\u6751\u5229\u9053\u8bf4\u201c\u5f88\u4f1a\u94bb\u6cd5\u7f51\u7a7a\u5b50\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5baa\u5175\u8be2\u95ee\uff0c\u56de\u7b54\u5f97\u5de7\u5999\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u961f\u957f\uff0c\u624b\u4e0b\u58eb\u5175\u6311\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6\u8ba9\u5e1d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5929\u91ce\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a8\u5378\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5176\u65f6\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u5728\u5357\u4eac\u7684\u66b4\u884c\u65e9\u5df2\u9707\u60ca\u56fd\u9645\u8206\u8bba\uff0c\u201c\u7231\u7acb\u900a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u65e5\u7f8e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u201c\u4e2d\u652f\u90a3\u65b9\u9762\u519b\u201d\u53f8\u4ee4\u5b98\u677e\u4e95\u77f3\u6839\u501f\u6b64\u6574\u987f\u201c\u519b\u7eaa\u201d\uff0c\u5929\u91ce\u4e61\u4e09\u6210\u4e3a\u6574\u8083\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u540a\u8be1\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5904\u7f5a\u5929\u91ce\u4e61\u4e09\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u4e0d\u662f\u638c\u63b4\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u5a01\u80c1\u201d\u65e5\u672c\u5baa\u5175\u548c\u519b\u4eba\u5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