\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u5f90\u8d32<\/p>\n
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\u5f90\u8d32\u4e13\u8457\u300a\u9893\u5e9f\u4e0e\u6c89\u9ed8\uff1a\u900f\u89c6\u72ac\u5112\u6587\u5316\u300b<\/p>\n
\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u628a\u826f\u5fc3\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u5584\u6076\u3001\u662f\u975e\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u826f\u5fc3\u89c2\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\u4e2a\u4eba\u826f\u5fc3\u4e0e\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u6234\u5c14\u6d77\uff08Philippe Delhay\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u826f\u5fc3\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u826f\u77e5\u201d\u3002\u826f\u5fc3\uff08conscience\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\u662f\u4ece\u62c9\u4e01\u6587conscientia\u4e00\u8bcd\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u201c\u9ed8\u5951\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d\u3002\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u5176\u5b9e\u65e9\u5df2\u5305\u542b\u5728\u201c\u826f\u5fc3\u201d\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u610f\u601d\u91cc\u4e86\uff0c\u826f\u5fc3\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6216\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u9053\u5fb7\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u4e8b\u60c5\u548c\u5883\u9047\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6027\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u826f\u5fc3\u662f\u5728\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u88ab\u754c\u5b9a\u3001\u8a00\u8bf4\u548c\u6210\u4e3a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u3002\u5b64\u72ec\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u9f13\u8d77\u826f\u5fc3\u52c7\u6c14\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u5171\u540c\u884c\u52a8\u5219\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5b64\u5355\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u52c7\u6562\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u524d\u4e1c\u5fb7\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u66fe\u7ecf\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5341\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0a\u8857\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u6293\u8fdb\u7262\u91cc\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u767e\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0a\u8857\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u7528\u8b66\u68cd\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u63cd\u8db4\u4e0b\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u5343\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0a\u8857\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u9a71\u6563\u4ed6\u4eec\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u4e07\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0a\u8857\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u7ad9\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5341\u4e07\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0a\u8857\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u8fb9\u770b\u7740\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u4e0a\u8857\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u52a0\u5165\u4ed6\u4eec\uff01<\/p>\n
\u4eba\u7684\u826f\u77e5\u53d7\u5916\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5e76\u975e\u7531\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u5df1\u6240\u72ec\u521b\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\uff08\u6709\u826f\u5fc3\u6216\u65e0\u826f\u5fc3\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e2d\u663e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u8d39\u5e0c\u5c14\uff08Robert K. Vischer\uff09\u5728\u300a\u826f\u5fc3\u4e0e\u5171\u5584\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u66f4\u5e7f\u5927\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8ba9\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u672a\u5fc5\u8981\u6c42\u522b\u4eba\u90fd\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4f1a\u8ba9\u522b\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u201d\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9\u826f\u5fc3\u6216\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u672a\u5fc5\u80fd\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u90fd\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u8868\u8ff0\u4e0a\u5c3d\u91cf\u8981\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8ba8\u8bba\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u5f53\u4e0b\u73b0\u5b9e\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u5b9e\u8df5\u7740\u773c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u826f\u5fc3\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ff7\u5931\u4e8e\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u826f\u5fc3<\/p>\n
\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u53ea\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u6d3b\u8dc3\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u8868\u8fbe\u826f\u5fc3\uff0c\u4eba\u4fbf\u6e10\u6e10\u53d8\u5f97\u6ca1\u4e86\u826f\u5fc3\u3002\u5728\u6709\u7684\u73af\u5883\u91cc\uff0c\u826f\u5fc3\u88ab\u964d\u4f4e\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u78b0\u5230\u4e0e\u5584\u6076\u3001\u662f\u975e\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u7ba1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u613f\u7ba1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u8bae\u8bba\u90fd\u4e0d\u6562\u6216\u61d2\u5f97\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u72ec\u81ea\u8eb2\u5728\u4e00\u65c1\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed1\u4eba\u8bd7\u4eba\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u987f\u5df4\uff08Paul LaurenceDunbar\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u9996\u53eb\u300a\u826f\u5fc3\u4e0e\u61ca\u6094\u300b\uff08Conscience and Remorse\uff09\u7684\u5c0f\u8bd7\u91cc\uff0c\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0e\u826f\u5fc3\u9053\u522b\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u201c\u518d\u89c1\uff0c\u201d\u6211\u5bf9\u826f\u5fc3\u8bf4\u2014\u2014
\n\u201c\u518d\u89c1\uff0c\u518d\u89c1\u3002\u201d
\n\u6211\u7529\u5f00\u5979\u7684\u624b\uff0c
\n\u8f6c\u8fc7\u6211\u7684\u8138\uff1b
\n\u826f\u5fc3\u53d7\u4e86\u4f24\uff0c
\n\u4ece\u6b64\u518d\u4e0d\u56de\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u6211\u7684\u5fc3
\n\u538c\u5026\u4e86\u5728\u8d70\u7684\u8def\uff1b
\n\u6211\u5927\u53eb\u2014\u2014\u201c\u56de\u6765\u5427\uff0c\u826f\u5fc3\uff1b
\n\u6211\u6e34\u671b\u518d\u89c1\u5230\u4f60\u3002\u201d
\n\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u826f\u5fc3\u54ed\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\uff1b
\n\u4ee3\u66ff\u6211\u7684\u662f\u6094\u6068\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
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\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u73b0\u72b6<\/p>\n
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\u72ac\u5112\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u80fd\u770b\u7a7f\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e4b\u4eba\u770b\u4e0d\u900f\u6216\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u7a7f\u4e16\u4fd7\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u5047\u8c61\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e4b\u8ba5\u8bee\u8bbd\u523a\u3001\u8d85\u51e1\u8131\u4fd7\u3001\u6124\u4e16\u5ac9\u4fd7\u3001\u6840\u9a9c\u4e0d\u9a6f\uff0c\u81ea\u79f0\u662f\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7269\u5f79\u3001\u65e0\u6b32\u65e0\u4e3a\u3002\u57fa\u8036\u65af\uff08Dick Keyes\uff09\u5728\u300a\u770b\u7a7f\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u91cc\u8bf4\uff0c\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6709\u72ac\u5112\u4e4b\u540d\uff0c\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u4f20\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u201c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u72c4\u5965\u6839\u5c3c\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6216\u77e5\u9053\u72ac\u5112\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u4ee3\u6216\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u6709\u4eba\u6df1\u5207\u6000\u7591\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u770b\u7a7f\u4eba\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u6210\u5c31\u201d\u3002\u201c\u6000\u7591\u201d\u548c\u201c\u770b\u7a7f\u201d\u90fd\u662f\u8868\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a0\u5206\u8fa8\u7684\u201c\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b3c\u7edf\u7684\u8868\u8c61\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u9119\u89c6\u548c\u5632\u7b11\u4eba\u4e16\u95f4\u7684\u865a\u4f2a\u3001\u9a84\u5962\u3001\u52bf\u5229\u3001\u7269\u6b32\u548c\u529f\u5229\u3002\u521b\u7acb\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u662f\u5b89\u63d0\u65af\u6cf0\u5c3c\uff08Antisthenes\uff0c\u516c\u5143\u524d445\uff5e\u524d365\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8bf4\u5230\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u516c\u5143\u524d4\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u72c4\u5965\u6839\u5c3c\u3002\u72c4\u5965\u6839\u5c3c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u201d\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u653b\u51fb\u4e00\u5207\u201c\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\u201d\u6076\u4e60\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e16\u4eba\u7684\u9053\u8c8c\u5cb8\u7136\u3001\u88c5\u8154\u4f5c\u52bf\u3001\u5faa\u89c4\u8e48\u77e9\u3001\u6743\u52bf\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002\u4ed6\u81ea\u79f0\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u72d7\uff0c\u201c\u522b\u7684\u72d7\u54ac\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u54ac\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u6551\u4ed6\u4eec\u201d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u72c4\u5965\u6839\u5c3c\u4e5f\u6709\u5f1f\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5e76\u672a\u521b\u7acb\u54f2\u5b66\u5b66\u6d3e\u3002\u514b\u62c9\u7279\u65af\uff08Crates of Thebes\uff09\u662f\u53d7\u4ed6\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u6df1\u7684\u5f1f\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e29\u548c\u800c\u6709\u6587\u5b66\u6c14\u606f\u7684\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u201c\u770b\u7a7f\u201d\uff0c\u6563\u5c3d\u94b1\u8d22\uff0c\u4e0e\u5fd7\u540c\u9053\u5408\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u5e0c\u5e15\u5c14\u57fa\u4e9a\uff08Hipparchia of Maroneia\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u8fc7\u6f02\u6cca\u800c\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u968f\u7740\u65af\u591a\u845b\u5b66\u6d3e\uff08Stoicism\uff09\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6b64\u5b66\u6d3e\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u829d\u8bfa\uff08Zeno\uff0c\u7ea6\u516c\u5143\u524d336\uff5e\u7ea6\u524d264\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d3\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u6709\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u590d\u5174\u3002\u65af\u591a\u845b\u4eca\u5929\u51e0\u4e4e\u7b49\u4e8e\u514b\u5236\u548c\u575a\u5fcd\u7684\u540c\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u6d88\u9664\u6fc0\u60c5\u548c\u6b32\u671b\uff0c\u8fc7\u51b7\u9759\u800c\u8fbe\u89c2\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u65af\u591a\u845b\u5b66\u6d3e\u628a\u4e0d\u52a8\u5fc3\u89c6\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u7406\u60f3\u5883\u754c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u628a\u6076\u770b\u6210\u662f\u6076\uff0c\u8bf4\u75db\u82e6\u548c\u4e0d\u5b89\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5fc3\u7075\u6d88\u9664\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u606c\u6de1\u81ea\u8db3\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u52b3\u4f5c\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u672c\u5206\uff1b\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u9000\u9690\u5fc3\u7075\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u7cbe\u795e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6e05\u9759\u4e00\u9685\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u6b32\u671b\u6ee1\u8db3\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u514b\u5236\u548c\u9690\u5fcd\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u4e0e\u53e4\u4ee3\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u8715\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\u548c\u826f\u5fc3\u629b\u5230\u4e00\u8fb9\u7684\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u65e0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u4eca\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u75fc\u75be\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u867d\u7136\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u4e0d\u6ee1\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u575a\u6301\u6216\u826f\u5fc3\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5b83\u79c9\u6301\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u60b2\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e50\u4e8e\u5949\u884c\u5f97\u8fc7\u4e14\u8fc7\u3001\u968f\u9047\u800c\u5b89\u3001\u4f55\u5fc5\u8ba4\u771f\u3001\u96be\u5f97\u7cca\u6d82\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6d51\u6c34\u6478\u9c7c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u53e4\u4ee3\u72ac\u5112\u662f\u201c\u9690\u58eb\u201d\u5f0f\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7279\u7acb\u72ec\u884c\u3001\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b\u73b0\u4ee3\u72ac\u5112\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u4f17\uff0c\u72ac\u5112\u5fc3\u6001\u548c\u60c5\u7eea\u6e17\u900f\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u601d\u7ef4\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u90fd\u5728\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\u7ed3\u5408\u3001\u4ea4\u878d\u548c\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u79f0\u6b64\u4e3a\u663e\u73b0\u6c11\u4f17\u60c5\u7eea\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u201c\u6c24\u6c32\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08miasmIc cynicism\uff09\u548c\u4ee5\u5e73\u5eb8\u4e3a\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u201c\u5e38\u89c4\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08routine cynicism\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u7279\u5f81\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u70e6\u3001\u7d2f\u3001\u538c\u5026\u3001\u6cae\u4e27\u548c\u65e0\u804a\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u72ac\u5112\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u826f\u5fc3\u4e0e\u5e0c\u671b<\/p>\n
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\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f97\u8fc7\u4e14\u8fc7\u3001\u968f\u9047\u800c\u5b89\u7684\u65e0\u76ee\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u5426\u5b9a\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6bd2\u6740\u4e86\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u4e0e\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u4e8b\u7269\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8d8a\u662f\u5728\u56f0\u96be\u548c\u505c\u6ede\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u5c31\u8d8a\u662f\u9700\u8981\u62b5\u5236\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5bf9\u5e0c\u671b\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u9887\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5317\u5361\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u514b\u68ee\uff08Barbara I. Fredrickson\uff09\u5728\u300a\u4e3a\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u5e0c\u671b\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u201c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5207\u5b9e\u6253\u5f00\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u80f8\u2026\u2026\u53bb\u9664\u6050\u60e7\u548c\u7edd\u671b\u7684\u5e55\u969c\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u66f4\u5bbd\u5e7f\u7684\u666f\u8c61\uff0c\u53d8\u5f97\u5bcc\u6709\u521b\u9020\u529b\u2026\u2026\u4e5f\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u66f4\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u201d\u5e0c\u671b\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u7684\u5883\u9047\u5f88\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u800c\u524d\u666f\u53c8\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u8ff7\u60d1\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u624d\u7279\u522b\u9700\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u624d\u7279\u522b\u6709\u9f13\u821e\u548c\u5f15\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u60f3\u8c61\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4f5c\u5bb6\u624e\u7c73\u4e9a\u91d1\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u6211\u4eec\u300b\u91cc\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u5f3a\u5236\u52a8\u8fc7\u8111\u90e8\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u5207\u9664\u624b\u672f\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5e0c\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n
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