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\u6765\u6e90: \u4e1c\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u8bc4\u8bba<\/p>\n

\u64b0\u6587: Robert Service\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u7ffb\u8bd1: \u9676\u5c0f\u8def<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u89c6\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u793e\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u5f88\u4e45\u4e4b\u524d\u4fbf\u53d7\u66b4\u529b\u6240\u56f0\u3002\u4fc4\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u8fc5\u901f\u8bc9\u8bf8\u6b8b\u66b4\u624b\u6bb5\u5bf9\u5f85\u654c\u65b9\uff0c\u5f3a\u5978\u3001\u9177\u5211\u548c\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u5904\u51b3\u624b\u6bb5\u53f8\u7a7a\u89c1\u60ef\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u6d77\u62a5\u7528\u6781\u4e3a\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u63cf\u7ed8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u767d\u4fc4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d2a\u5a6a\u3001\u6076\u6bd2\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u3001\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u6307\u6325\u5b98\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u80a5\u80a0\u6ee1\u8111\uff0c\u8170\u7f20\u4e07\u8d2f\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u767d\u4fc4\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u53cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u5929\u771f\u7684\u4fc4\u56fd\u201c\u5927\u4f17\u201d\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u717d\u52a8\u4e0b\u6c89\u5165\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u548c\u91ce\u86ee\u7684\u6df1\u6e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u65af\u5766\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Mark Steinberg\uff09\u7684\u4e66\u300a\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\uff1a1905-1921\u5e74\u4fc4\u56fd\u53f2\u300b\uff08The Russian Revolution, 1905\u20131921\uff09\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u4e0e\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65af\u5766\u4f2f\u683c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u8272\u5f69\u66f4\u6d53\u539a\u3002\u65af\u5766\u4f2f\u683c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6709\u65f6\u8ba9\u4eba\u8bfb\u4e0a\u53bb\u5f88\u8d39\u529b\uff0c\u5982\u65af\u5766\u4f2f\u683c\u6240\u5ba3\u79f0\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u6709\u8840\u6709\u8089\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u201d\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8bdd\u4f3c\u4e4e\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u66f4\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7bc7\u5e45\u5199\u7684\u662f1917\u5e74\u52301921\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u65af\u5766\u4f2f\u683c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5199\u8fc7\u4e00\u672c\u9887\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u6307\u7684\u662f\u300a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\uff1a\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u548c\u795e\u5723\u6027\u300b Proletarian Imagination: Self, Modernity, and the Sacred in Russia, 1910\u20131925\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u9769\u547d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u58f0\u97f3\u201d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u58f0\u97f3\u201d\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u65b0\u4e66\u4fbf\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u65e7\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u4f2f\u683c\u624d\u4f1a\u65e2\u5199\u6d41\u6d6a\u6c49\u3001\u7a77\u56f0\u6f66\u5012\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u5199\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5fb7\u62c9\u00b7\u79d1\u9686\u6cf0\uff08Alexandra Kollontai\uff09\u3001\u7ea2\u519b\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u548c\u8bd7\u4eba\u9a6c\u96c5\u53ef\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u907f\u514d\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u5f3a\u52a0\u5728\u8bfb\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u58f0\u97f3\u201d\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u54c1\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u2014\u2014\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u3001\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u4e2d\u4e9a\u4eba\u6c11\u2014\u2014\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u5982\u6b64\u751f\u52a8\u3002\u65af\u5766\u4f2f\u683c\u8fd8\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u52b3\u82e6\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u53cd\u53db\u6d3b\u52a8\u7b80\u77ed\u5730\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4e00\u756a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5904\u7406\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c06\u5168\u4f53\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u6c11\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u9769\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6311\u6218\u90a3\u79cd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u4eba\u6c11\u201d\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u542c\u547d\u4e8e\u9769\u547d\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65af\u5766\u4f2f\u683c\u540c\u60c5\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\u53d1\u52a8\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4e5f\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u8fc5\u901f\u8f6c\u5411\u4e13\u653f\u548c\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8bed\u6c14\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u3002\u65af\u5766\u4f2f\u683c\u5728\u5bf9\u79d1\u9686\u6cf0\u3001\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u548c\u9a6c\u96c5\u53ef\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u5904\u7406\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5f88\u5bbd\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u4ed6\uff08\u5979\uff09\u4eec\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u201d\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e09\u4eba\u751f\u524d\u90fd\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79f0\u547c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65af\u5766\u4f2f\u683c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u82f1\u96c4\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u91cd\u8981\u548c\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u4e43\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\uff08\u4ed6\uff09\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u800c\u594b\u6597\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u79d1\u9686\u6cf0\u63cf\u6479\u4e86\u4e00\u756a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5199\u5230\u5979\u8bd5\u56fe\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba9\u7537\u5973\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e73\u7b49\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u65b0\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u79d1\u9686\u6cf0\u4e8e1920\u52301921\u5e74\u95f4\u9886\u5bfc\u5de5\u4eba\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\uff08the Workers\u2019 Opposition\uff09\uff0c\u5979\u8bd5\u56fe\u53bb\u7ef4\u62a4\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u90fd\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65af\u5766\u4f2f\u683c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u5728\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u515a\u6d3e\u7ade\u4e89\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u5bbd\u5bb9\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u6210\u5458\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u624d\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002\u65af\u5766\u4f2f\u683c\u5728\u5199\u5230\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u65f6\u4e5f\u5f88\u6e29\u548c\u3002\u548c\u79d1\u9686\u6cf0\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u771f\u8bda\u5730\u5e0c\u671b\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u3001\u6587\u660e\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u65af\u5766\u4f2f\u683c\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u201c\u9676\u9189\u4e8e \u2018\u8857\u5934\u2019\u6240\u6d0b\u6ea2\u7684\u751f\u547d\u529b\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u4f2f\u683c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u201c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u9ad8\u538b\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u66b4\u529b\u6700\u70ed\u70c8\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u8005\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5219\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u65af\u5766\u4f2f\u683c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5217\u5b81\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u66f4\u70ed\u70c8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u53c8\u662f\u8c01\u57281920\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u8ba9\u7ea2\u519b\u590d\u5458\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6539\u7f16\u4e3a\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u519b\u201d\u7684\u5462\uff1f\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u519b\u201d\u88ab\u7ec4\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u7f62\u5de5\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u519b\u4eba\u5f00\u5c0f\u5dee\uff0c\u7528\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u539f\u8bdd\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u5e94\u628a\u5f00\u5c0f\u5dee\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u5173\u8fdb\u60e9\u7f5a\u8425\u6216\u9001\u8fdb\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u201d\uff09<\/p>\n

\u65af\u5766\u4f2f\u683c\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u628a\u9a6c\u96c5\u53ef\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u63cf\u8ff0\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u8981\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u9020\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8bd7\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9a6c\u96c5\u53ef\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u300a\u7a7f\u88e4\u5b50\u7684\u4e91\u300b\uff08\u201cCloud in Trousers\u201d\uff09\u8db3\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u5929\u8d4b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8bf4\u5230\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u9a6c\u96c5\u53ef\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u6765\u5199\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u5947\u602a\u4e86\u3002\u9a6c\u96c5\u53ef\u592b\u65af\u57fa1930\u5e74\u81ea\u6740\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u611f\u5230\u7edd\u671b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u53c8\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u573a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6842\u51a0\u8bd7\u4eba\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u9a6c\u96c5\u53ef\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u9192\u609f\u8fc7\u6765\u6570\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u52c3\u6d1b\u514b\u80af\u5b9a\u5c31\u5bf9\u65f6\u4ee3\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u611f\u6027\u7406\u89e3\u5427\uff1f\u4ece\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u52c3\u6d1b\u514b\u5c31\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u53c2\u4e0e\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u3001\u7c97\u7cd9\u8086\u610f\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u300a\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2a\u300b\uff08The Twelve\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u8857\u5934\u201d\u7684\u6697\u8bed\u88ab\u518d\u73b0\uff0c\u611f\u4f24\u4e3b\u4e49\u88ab\u62d2\u65a5\uff0c\u8d64\u536b\u519b\u3001\u6559\u58eb\u548c\u5993\u5973\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u5728\u8bd7\u4e2d\u90fd\u7279\u522b\u751f\u52a8\u3002\u52c3\u6d1b\u514b\u53d7\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a\u672a\u6765\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8e1921\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u79e9\u5e8f\u5728\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u540e\u88ab\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf\u9a6c\u96c5\u53ef\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u90a3\u6837\u9707\u60ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e54\u7eb3\u68ee\u00b7\u65af\u6885\u5c14\uff08Jonathan Smele\uff09\u7684\u300a\u4fc4\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u573a\u6218\u4e89\uff1a\u9707\u64bc\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u300b\uff08The “Russian” Civil Wars, 1916-1926: Ten Years That Shook the World\uff09\u662f\u81ea\u4f0a\u4e07\u00b7\u9a6c\u5fb7\u65af\u5229\uff08Edward Mawdsley\uff09\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u4fc4\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u300b\uff08 The Russian Civil War\uff09\u95ee\u4e16\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u5bf9\u4fc4\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u3002\u867d\u7136\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u6c11\u95f4\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u4f46\u65af\u6885\u5c14\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002\u65af\u6885\u5c14\u52e4\u52c9\u3001\u9605\u8bfb\u91cf\u5927\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5f88\u52c7\u6562\u3002\u4ed6\u7279\u522b\u5bf9\u90a3\u79cd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u90a3\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5185\u6218\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u7247\u539f\u672c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u591a\u573a\u5185\u6218\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u65af\u6885\u5c14\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fdc\u79bb\u4e1c\u65b9\u9635\u7ebf\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u578b\u6b66\u88c5\u51b2\u7a81\u53d1\u751f\u57281917\u5e74\u4e8c\u6708\u9769\u547d\u524d\u7684\u4e2d\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u4e8c\u4e16\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5f81\u53ec\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u7537\u9752\u5e74\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52b3\u5de5\u53c2\u6218\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f0a\u739b\u76ee\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6253\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u9635\u7ebf\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5144\u5f1f\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u540d\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8d77\u5175\u53cd\u6297\u6c99\u7687\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u65af\u6885\u5c14\u63a5\u7740\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e8c\u6708\u9769\u547d\u548c\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5ba1\u89c6\u7206\u53d1\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8fb9\u8fdc\u5730\u533a\u3002\u8c22\u5c14\u76d6\u00b7\u7231\u68ee\u65af\u5766\uff08Sergei Eisenstein\uff09\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u5341\u6708\u300b\uff08October\uff09\u5728\u5c0a\u91cd\u53f2\u5b9e\u4e0a\u540d\u58f0\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u5f71\u7247\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u6b7b\u4f24\u4eba\u6570\u6bd41917\u5e74\u79cb\u201c\u653b\u5360\u201d\u51ac\u5bab\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6b7b\u4f24\u4eba\u6570\u8981\u591a\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5f3a\u884c\u63a5\u7ba1\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6b7b\u4f24\u5219\u8981\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u591a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5df4\u5e93\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u51b2\u7a81\u9020\u6210\u6570\u5343\u540d\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5c45\u6c11\u88ab\u6740\u3002\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u53d1\u751f\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u91cc\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e2d\u90e8\u548c\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u638c\u6743\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u786e\u5b9a\u65e0\u7591\u3002\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u968f\u65f6\u51c6\u5907\u6536\u62fe\u4e1c\u897f\u8d70\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u6765\u6e90: \u4e1c\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u8bc4\u8bba \u64b0\u6587: Robert Service\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u7ffb\u8bd1: \u9676\u5c0f\u8def \u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u63d2\u753b\u5bb6\u7ef4\u514b\u6258\u00b7\u6770\u5c3c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[8579,20739],"views":14,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56501"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=56501"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56501\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":73709,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56501\/revisions\/73709"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=56501"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=56501"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=56501"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}