{"id":56571,"date":"2025-08-21T19:40:19","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T11:40:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=56571"},"modified":"2025-08-21T19:40:19","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T11:40:19","slug":"%e5%a4%96%e5%88%8a%e6%89%ab%e6%8f%8f%ef%bd%9c%e5%b8%83%e5%b0%94%e4%bb%80%e7%bb%b4%e5%85%8b%e6%98%af%e5%9b%bd%e9%99%85%e7%8a%b9%e5%a4%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%9a%84%e9%98%b4%e8%b0%8b%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=56571","title":{"rendered":"\u5916\u520a\u626b\u63cf\uff5c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u662f\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u9634\u8c0b\u201d\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6765\u6e90: \u4e1c\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u8bc4\u8bba<\/p>\n<p>1920\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u62a5\u520aIllustrated Sunday Herald\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u4e00\u573a\u5173\u4e4e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6c11\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u6218\u6597\u300b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6587\u4e2d\u5c06\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u56fd\u9645\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u9634\u8c0b\u2026\u2026\u5982\u4eca\u8fd9\u5e2e\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u7f8e\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u4e0b\u5c42\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7279\u522b\u4eba\u7269\u5df2\u7ecf\u63ea\u4f4f\u4e86\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5934\u53d1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e9e\u5927\u5e1d\u56fd\u65e0\u53ef\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u53cd\u5171\u4eba\u58eb\u3001\u540e\u6765\u5927\u540d\u9f0e\u9f0e\u7684\u6e29\u65af\u987f\u00b7\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u3002\u4ed6\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f53\u65f6\u4e0d\u5c11\u6b27\u6d32\u53cd\u5171\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5171\u540c\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u201d\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u662f\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u72b9\u592a\u9634\u8c0b\u5bb6\u7684\u64cd\u7eb5\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u72b9\u592a-\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\u4ece\u4e00\u6218\u672b\u671f\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e2d\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7eb3\u7cb9\u53cd\u72b9\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd8\u662f\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u64cd\u63a7\u4e0b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\u6709\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u6e0a\u6e90\u3002\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u515a\u5185\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5360\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u7684\u603b\u6307\u6325\u548c\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u8005\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u3001\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4e3b\u5e2d\u52a0\u7c73\u6d85\u592b\u3001\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u9996\u4efb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5b63\u8bfa\u7ef4\u4e5f\u592b\u3001\u82cf\u4fc4\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996\u65af\u7ef4\u5c14\u5fb7\u6d1b\u592b\u3001\u5f7c\u5f97\u683c\u52d2\u5951\u5361\u5934\u76ee\u4e4c\u91cc\u8328\u57fa\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u515a\u5185\u7684\u663e\u8d6b\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4fc4\u56fd\uff0c\u57281919\u5e74\u5308\u7259\u5229\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u540c\u6837\u5360\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f57\u838e\u00b7\u5362\u68ee\u5821\u3001\u5e93\u6069\u00b7\u8d1d\u62c9\u7b49\u8457\u540d\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u51fa\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u7a76\u7adf\u626e\u6f14\u8005\u600e\u6837\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u88ab\u5de6\u7ffc\u9769\u547d\u8fd0\u52a8\u6240\u5438\u5f15\uff1f\u672c\u671f\u5916\u520a\u626b\u63cf\u9009\u53d6\u4e86\u4e24\u7bc7\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u63a2\u8ba8\u201c\u72b9\u592a-\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u795e\u8bdd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6e0a\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>1<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\"><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><strong>\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e0e\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\uff1a\u4e1c\u6b27\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u53f2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u6574\u7406\u81ea\uff1aRadical Anticapitalism: The Jew as Communist. Capitalism and the Jews, Princeton University Press. (January 2010).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aJerry Z. Muller<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u5185\u6838\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6587\u660e\u5bf9\u5185\u90e8\u5f02\u5df1\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6392\u65a5\uff1b\u968f\u7740\u5de5\u4e1a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5265\u524a\u8005\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u7834\u574f\u8005\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6700\u540e\u5341\u5e74\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u9ad8\u5cf0\uff1b\u4e00\u6218\u540e\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6d6a\u6f6e\u7ed9\u4e86\u53cd\u72b9\u7406\u8bba\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u3001\u7f57\u838e\u00b7\u5362\u68ee\u5821\u3001\u5e93\u6069\u00b7\u8d1d\u62c9\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u6210\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u65b0\u7684\u6ce8\u811a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u4e2d\u4e1c\u6b27\u5730\u533a\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u805a\u5c45\u5730\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6709\u7740\u957f\u4e45\u7684\u88ab\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\uff0c\u5e1d\u4fc4\u5883\u5185\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u6d6a\u6f6e\u6108\u53d1\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u7684\u9769\u547d\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u9769\u547d\u8005\uff1f\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8840\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7236\u8f88\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u6539\u5b97\u8def\u5fb7\u6d3e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u867d\u7136\u660e\u786e\u5426\u8ba4\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u5374\u4f9d\u7136\u88ab\u793e\u4f1a\u89c6\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u540c\u7c7b\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u5219\u6709\u7740\u66f4\u660e\u786e\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u3002<strong>\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u522b\u4eba\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u9003\u79bb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8eab\u4efd\u3002<\/strong>\u56e0\u4e3a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u63d0\u5021\u666e\u4e16\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u627f\u8bfa\u6d88\u9664\u4e00\u5207\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e0a\u7684\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u4ee5\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5305\u62ec\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u7fa4\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e0e\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u4e3a\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u501f\u53e3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9769\u547d\u52a8\u6447\u4e86\u539f\u6709\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<strong>\u5728\u53f3\u7ffc\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6076\u6027\u4e92\u52a8\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u9769\u547d\u503e\u5411\uff1b\u800c\u540e\u8005\u8d8a\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8d8a\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\u53cd\u72b9\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u81a8\u80c0\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\u7279\u522b\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u82cf\u4fc4\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u4e09\u56fd\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u786e\u5b9e\u4e3a\u6c99\u7687\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u5012\u53f0\u800c\u6b22\u547c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u653f\u6743\u662f\u53cd\u72b9\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u6743\u548c\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u6743\uff0c\u7eb5\u5bb9\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u88ad\u51fb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u4fc4\u519b\u57281914\u5e74\u7684\u6218\u8d25\u5f52\u7f6a\u4e8e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4f46\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba9\u591a\u6570\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u53d8\u5f97\u6fc0\u8fdb\u3002\u6c99\u4fc4\u65f6\u4ee3\u591a\u6570\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u675c\u9a6c\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7acb\u5baa\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u515a\u6d3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u662f\u201c\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4eba\u603b\u8054\u76df\u201d\uff08\u4e2d\u8bd1\u540d\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u5d29\u5f97\u201d\u0411\u0423\u041d\u0414\uff09\uff0c\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4e0e\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u53ea\u5360\u5c11\u6570\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u516c\u6709\u5316\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u5a01\u80c1\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5546\u4eba\u548c\u8d38\u6613\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f4\u5230\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u72b9\u592a\u6c11\u4f17\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u771f\u6b63\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\uff0c\u8fd9\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u5728\u5185\u6218\u4e2d\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u4fdd\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u767d\u519b\u6d3e\u7cfb\u90fd\u662f\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u4e1c\u6b63\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u6b67\u89c6\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u5c40\u52bf\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u5c45\u6c11\u70b9\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u9ad8\u5c42\u6709\u610f\u4e3a\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u9093\u5c3c\u91d1\u7b49\u4eba\u66fe\u5f92\u52b3\u7684\u8bd5\u56fe\u5236\u6b62\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c0b\u6740\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8feb\u5bb3\u8feb\u4f7f\u8bb8\u591a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u7ea2\u519b\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5b89\u5168\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u6218\u80dc\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u52bf\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6218\u540e\u7684\u5c81\u6708\u91cc\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5728\u515a\u5185\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u8d85\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u66f4\u9ad8\u3001\u591a\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u30021917-1922\u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u516d\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u5230\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u515a\u4ee3\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\u90fd\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u51fa\u8eab\uff1b\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7ea6\u67095%\u7684\u515a\u5458\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\uff0c\u662f\u5168\u82cf\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u4e24\u500d\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63a5\u89e6\u5c31\u662f\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b9\u592a\u516c\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u5524\u8d77\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u8054\u60f3\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u5360\u6709\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6587\u5316\u5404\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5728\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5cf0\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5927\u6e05\u6d17\u7684\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6210\u4e86\u88ab\u6e05\u6d17\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5927\u6e05\u6d17\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8005\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u51fa\u8eab\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u5934\u76ee\u96c5\u6208\u8fbe\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u515a\u5185\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u6025\u5267\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u4ee51948\u5e74\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u533b\u751f\u6848\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u515a\u5185\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u7cbe\u82f1\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u6e05\u9664\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/20b73273d2dc8c5b\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u6709\u201c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u201d\u4e4b\u79f0\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u5934\u76ee\u96c5\u6208\u8fbe<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u201c\u72b9\u592a-\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u795e\u8bdd\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u4e0e1918-1919\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u57281918\u5e74\u79cb\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5012\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u515a\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e34\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e5f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4ee5\u7f57\u838e\u00b7\u5362\u68ee\u5821\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u30021918\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e93\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u827e\u65af\u7eb3\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u6279\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u5df4\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u5efa\u7acb\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3002\u5df4\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\u672c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u3001\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u3001\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u3001\u5177\u6709\u53cd\u72b9\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5730\u533a\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3\u906d\u5230\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u62a5\u590d\u800c\u7ed9\u827e\u65af\u7eb3\u5199\u4fe1\uff0c\u8981\u4ed6\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fce\u5408\u975e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u800c\u8f9e\u804c\u3002\u827e\u65af\u7eb3\u5374\u7b54\u590d\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u827e\u65af\u7eb3\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fde\u8d2f\u6027\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u758f\u8fdc\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u515a\u6d3e\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u5931\u8d25\u5e76\u88ab\u8c0b\u6740\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1919\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u6279\u4ee5\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u9aa8\u5e72\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u529b\u91cf\u5728\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u5ba3\u5e03\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u5df4\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u88ab\u5fb7\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u9547\u538b\u3002\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u53cd\u72b9\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u547d\u9898\u2014\u2014\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u72b9\u592a-\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u9634\u8c0b\u201d\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5fb7\u56fd\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9769\u547d\u6301\u8c28\u614e\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u62c5\u5fc3\u8fd9\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5e26\u6765\u707e\u96be\u3002\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u62a5\u7eb8\u8b66\u544a\u90a3\u4e9b\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u9769\u547d\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u663e\u8d6b\u5730\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u523a\u6fc0\u53f3\u6d3e\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u827e\u65af\u7eb3\u88ab\u523a\u6740\u540e\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4ed6\u201c\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e2d\u6700\u90aa\u6076\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u6df7\u5408\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5c31\u6709\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u827e\u65af\u7eb3\u4ece\u51fa\u8eab\u4e0a\u8bb2\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u6765\u8005\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u79cd\u65cf\u6240\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u865a\u5984\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u7cbe\u795e\u662f\u76f8\u6096\u7684\u201d\u3002<strong>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u9769\u547d\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u53f3\u7ffc\u7684\u773c\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u515a\u6d3e\u4e2d\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e18\u4e4b\u8c89\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u66f4\u4e3a\u5178\u578b\u30021919\u5e74\u7684\u5308\u7259\u5229\u9769\u547d\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u88ab\u9057\u5fd8\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5b83\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8e1919\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u4e86133\u5929\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u88c2\u548c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u519b\u961f\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u800c\u57ae\u53f0\u3002\u5728\u5308\u7259\u5229\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u768449\u540d\u59d4\u5458\u4e2d\uff0c\u670931\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u72b9\u592a\u8840\u7edf\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e93\u6069\u00b7\u8d1d\u62c9\u7b49\u4e3b\u8981\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002\u6700\u5947\u7279\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6bd4\u4e1c\u6b27\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u666e\u904d\u66f4\u52a0\u5bcc\u6709\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u8d35\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\u53d1\u5c55\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e3b\u529b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u6218\u524d\u53ea\u67095%\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u5374\u5360\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u51e0\u4e4e\u534a\u6570\u7684\u533b\u751f\u3001\u5f8b\u5e08\u548c\u8bb0\u8005\u3002\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7684\u9a6c\u624e\u5c14\u4e0a\u5c42\u6b22\u8fce\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u878d\u5165\u5230\u5308\u7259\u5229\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6765\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u8d35\u65cf\u901a\u5a5a\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u524d\u7684\u5308\u7259\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u67096-8\u540d\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u90e8\u957f\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u5308\u7259\u5229\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8981\u60f3\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6539\u5b97\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5b50\u5f1f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5347\u9053\u8def\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u969c\u788d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5021\u5bfc\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u7684\u5308\u7259\u5229\u72b9\u592a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u6709\u7740\u5929\u7136\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5f3a\u8c03\u666e\u4e16\u89c2\u5ff5\u800c\u975e\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u6c11\u65cf\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b9\u592a\u5de6\u7ffc\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u653b\u51fb\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u5c01\u95ed\u548c\u4fdd\u5b88\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u666e\u4e16\u4e3b\u4e49\u683c\u683c\u4e0d\u5165\u3002\u5728\u9769\u547d\u524d\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u653b\u51fb\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e14\u4f5c\u8005\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u3002\u5728\u9769\u547d\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5308\u7259\u5229\u56fd\u738b\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u82f1\u96c4\u7684\u96d5\u50cf\u88ab\u63a8\u5012\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u8c61\u5f81\u7269\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u6050\u6016\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u6fc0\u8fdb\u8005\u88ab\u6d3e\u5230\u4e61\u6751\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u5bb6\u65cf\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u5f3a\u8feb\u628a\u6559\u5802\u6539\u6210\u5267\u9662\u3001\u91c7\u53d6\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u516c\u6709\u5236\u548c\u5e73\u5747\u4e3b\u4e49\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\u3002\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u5f88\u5feb\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u9769\u547d\u8005\u88ab\u6d3e\u5230\u519c\u6751\u53bb\u7ba1\u7406\u516c\u6709\u5316\u519c\u5e84\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5192\u5931\u548c\u65e0\u80fd\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u58eb\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u573a\u9769\u547d\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u53cd\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6d41\u8a00\u8bf4\u9769\u547d\u8005\u5728\u4eb5\u6e0e\u4e3b\u7684\u5723\u7269\u3002\u5728\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7684\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u6743\u3001\u4fdd\u536b\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e93\u6069\u00b7\u8d1d\u62c9\u7684\u653f\u6743\u5012\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u6050\u6016\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9488\u5bf9\u7ea2\u8272\u653f\u6743\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u8005\uff0c\u8fd8\u628a\u72b9\u592a\u793e\u7fa4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653b\u51fb\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u9a6c\u624e\u5c14\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u5728\u6218\u524d\u539f\u672c\u662f\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8fd9\u6837\u8fc7\u706b\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5374\u9ed8\u8bb8\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u6050\u6016\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7684\u5386\u5c4a\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u53f3\u7ffc\u53cd\u72b9\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u9769\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6076\u6027\u4e92\u52a8\u5728\u4e1c\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u663e\u8457\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u82cf\u6ce2\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u6276\u6301\u4e0b\u7684\u6ce2\u5170\u4e34\u65f6\u9769\u547d\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u56db\u540d\u6210\u5458\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u540d\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u524d\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u6ce2\u5170\u4e1c\u90e8\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u4e00\u7247\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5e2e\u52a9\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u6218\u540e\u65b0\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4e1c\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u88ab\u6000\u7591\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u540c\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u548c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u4eba\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fe0\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u8eab\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/a1bd849619527dc7\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u53cd\u5171\u5ba3\u4f20\u753b\u300a\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u843d\u5165\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u9b54\u722a\uff1f\u7edd\u4e0d\uff01\u300b<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e00\u5ea6\u5728\u4e1c\u6b27\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5c71\u518d\u8d77\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e1c\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u6743\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u4e2d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u501a\u4ed7\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ece\u82cf\u8054\u56de\u56fd\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5308\u7259\u5229\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u62c9\u79d1\u897f\u00b7\u9a6c\u52a0\u4ec0\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u53c2\u52a0\u8fc71919\u5e74\u7684\u5308\u7259\u5229\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u540e\u6d41\u4ea1\u56fd\u5916\uff0c\u4ece1940\u5e74\u8d77\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u79f0\u4f5c\u662f\u201c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u201d\uff0c1945\u5e74\u8fd4\u56de\u5308\u7259\u5229\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u63a8\u884c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4e1c\u6b27\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u56e0\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u5c06\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u6743\u89c6\u4f5c\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u8005\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u8005\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u60f3\u501f\u673a\u5411\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u4e2d\u5e2e\u52a9\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5c60\u6740\u81ea\u5df1\u4eb2\u4eba\u7684\u5308\u7259\u5229\u4eba\u590d\u4ec7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u653f\u6743\u7684\u76df\u53cb\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7684\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5b98\u65b9\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u5341\u5206\u76db\u884c\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5c60\u6740\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u5f52\u7f6a\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u519b\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u5f52\u7f6a\u4e8e\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8fc5\u901f\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u653f\u6743\u6700\u4e3a\u501a\u4ed7\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8fd9\u53c8\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u90a3\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e0e\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4ec5\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\u770b\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u72b9\u592a\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e5f\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002<\/strong><strong>\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u524d\u7684\u4e1c\u6b27\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5404\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e2d\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6bd4\u4f8b\u90fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5168\u4f53\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5458\u4e2d\u4f9d\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002<\/strong>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u9769\u547d\u8005\u591a\u6765\u81ea\u88ab\u4e3b\u6d41\u6587\u5316\u540c\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u76f8\u5f53\u9ad8\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4e14\u4ee5\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u548c\u666e\u4e16\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u81ea\u5c45\uff0c\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5b97\u6559\u8eab\u4efd\u4e0d\u5c51\u4e00\u987e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u96be\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9769\u547d\u88ab\u6253\u4e0a\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u70d9\u5370\u3002\u4f46\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u8fd9\u786e\u662f\u4e0d\u4e89\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<strong>\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e0e\u5de6\u7ffc\u9769\u547d\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9769\u547d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u795e\u8bdd\u800c\u975e\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e86\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>2<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section><\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\"><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><strong>\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u9769\u547d\u8005\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u6574\u7406\u81ea\uff1aEthnonationalism, Assimilation, and the Social Worlds of the Jewish Bolsheviks in Fin de Si\u00e8cle Tsarist Russia, Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 48, No. 4 (Oct., 2006), pp. 762-797.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aLiliana Riga<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u8d70\u4e0a\u9769\u547d\u9053\u8def\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8054\u7cfb\uff1f\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u9769\u547d\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4e3b\u6d41\u6587\u5316\u9ad8\u5ea6\u540c\u5316\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b9\u592a\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7279\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u53c2\u52a0\u9769\u547d\u540e\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u8ba4\u540c\u81ea\u5df1\u72b9\u592a\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u6309\u7167\u5730\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5212\u5206\uff1a\u4ee5\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u897f\u5317\u5730\u533a\u3001\u4ee5\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u897f\u5357\u5730\u533a\u548c\u4e1c\u90e8\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u672c\u571f\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u63a2\u7d22\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9645\u9047\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b9\u592a\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u591a\u51fa\u8eab\u4e8e\u534a\u540c\u5316\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u540c\u5316\uff0c\u5374\u56e0\u4e3a\u6446\u4e0d\u8131\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8eab\u4efd\u800c\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u8fb9\u7f18\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u53f2\u6599\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u8fd0\u7528\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u81ea\u4f20\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e0d\u592a\u8bd5\u56fe\u53bb\u63a9\u76d6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u51fa\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1917-1923\u5e74\u95f4\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u768493\u540d\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4e2d\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u670915\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u72b9\u592a\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u662f\u9664\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u5916\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u3002\u4ece\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b9\u592a\u9769\u547d\u8005\u591a\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u5982\u5546\u4eba\u3001\u6559\u5e08\u3001\u533b\u751f\u3001\u6280\u5de5\u3001\u5546\u5e97\u4e3b\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5361\u5188\u8bfa\u7ef4\u5947\u4e00\u4eba\u662f\u8d2b\u7a77\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u51fa\u8eab\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7a77\u82e6\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u90fd\u504f\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u66f4\u52a0\u6fc0\u8fdb\u3002\u4ece\u5730\u57df\u770b\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u6765\u81ea\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b\u548c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u672c\u571f\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u9769\u547d\u8005\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6ce2\u5170\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76ae\u4e9a\u7279\u5c3c\u8328\u57fa\u662f\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u591a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7279\u8272\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e5\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ed61882\u5e74\u51fa\u8eab\u4e8e\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5320\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u9886\u57df\u5360\u6709\u652f\u914d\u6027\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u53cd\u72b9\u60c5\u7eea\u6ca1\u6709\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u6fc0\u70c8\u3002\u76ae\u4e9a\u7279\u5c3c\u8328\u57fa\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u534a\u540c\u5316\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bf4\u591a\u95e8\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3001\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u3001\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u4eba\u7684\u515a\u6d3e\u90fd\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u65cf\u9645\u95f4\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u89e6\u5de6\u7ffc\u601d\u60f3\u540e\uff0c\u76ae\u4e9a\u7279\u5c3c\u8328\u57fa\u4e00\u76f4\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d3b\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u62db\u81f4\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u7b56\u7565\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u72ec\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u65cf\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u4e1c\u6b27\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u6b63\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u53d1\u6c11\u65cf\u5316\u3002\u76ae\u4e9a\u7279\u5c3c\u8328\u57fa\u8d77\u521d\u5728\u4e1c\u6b27\u6700\u5927\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u515a\u6d3e\u2014\u2014\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4eba\u603b\u8054\u76df\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u57281905\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u515a\u6d3e\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u53d1\u6c11\u65cf\u5316\uff0c\u5c06\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u4ece\u4fc4\u8bed\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u610f\u7b2c\u7eea\u8bed\uff0c\u4e0e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u5206\u9053\u626c\u9573\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u8fd0\u52a8\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u76ae\u4e9a\u7279\u5c3c\u8328\u57fa\u770b\u6765\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u72ed\u9698\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<strong>\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u515a\u6d3e\u90fd\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u53d1\u6c11\u65cf\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4f9d\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u76ae\u4e9a\u7279\u5c3c\u8328\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0d\u8c0b\u800c\u5408\u3002\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u8bd5\u56fe\u9003\u79bb\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u5206\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u63a5\u7eb3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img0.baidu.com\/it\/u=818816967,1613164983&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=138&amp;f=JPEG?w=608&amp;h=338\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u767d\u519b\u5ba3\u4f20\u753b\uff1a\u88ab\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u64cd\u7eb5\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u66f4\u52a0\u6b8b\u9177\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u9769\u547d\u8005\u7684\u51fa\u8eab\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5361\u5188\u8bfa\u7ef4\u5947\u51fa\u8eab\u4e8e\u8d2b\u82e6\u7684\u519c\u6751\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u66fe\u53d7\u7740\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u538b\u8feb\u3002\u4ed6\u53ea\u53d7\u8fc7\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u4f9d\u9760\u81ea\u5b66\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u72af\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u522b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5265\u524a\u8005\u3002\u6c11\u65cf\u538b\u8feb\u548c\u9636\u7ea7\u5265\u524a\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u538b\u529b\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u5f88\u5feb\u8d8b\u5411\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u66fe\u53c2\u52a0\u8fc7\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6279\u5224\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u538b\u8feb\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u72b9\u592a\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u30021911\u5e74\u4ed6\u5728\u57fa\u8f85\u6210\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u51fa\u8eab\u4e3a\u81ea\u8c6a\u3002\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e2\u80fd\u6446\u8131\u81ea\u5df1\u6c11\u65cf\u51fa\u8eab\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5c5e\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7a77\u82e6\u7684\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5361\u5188\u8bfa\u7ef4\u5947\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u62a4\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u538c\u6076\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e4b\u540e\u4e00\u76f4\u6781\u529b\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u6487\u6e05\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u57281925-1928\u5e74\u62c5\u4efb\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e66\u8bb0\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5361\u5188\u8bfa\u7ef4\u5947\u5927\u529b\u6253\u51fb\u5730\u65b9\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u53cd\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u5927\u6e05\u6d17\u7684\u575a\u5b9a\u6267\u884c\u8005\u548c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u5de6\u8180\u53f3\u81c2\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u4ed6\u6210\u4e86\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u8eb2\u8fc7\u5927\u6e05\u6d17\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5267\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8ba9\u9886\u8896\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f7c\u5f97\u683c\u52d2\u5951\u5361\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e4c\u91cc\u8328\u57fa\u4e5f\u662f\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u57fa\u8f85\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u57fa\u8f85\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u4e3b\u6d41\u72b9\u592a\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u6c11\u65cf\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6000\u6709\u6df1\u6df1\u7684\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u611f\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u4e00\u4f19\u7684\uff1b\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u8d70\u7684\u592a\u8fd1\u3002\u4e4c\u91cc\u8328\u57fa\u65e9\u5e74\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fc7\u6ce2\u5170\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u548c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u515a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5316\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6392\u6324\uff0c\u4e4c\u91cc\u8328\u57fa\u7531\u6b64\u9010\u6e10\u8f6c\u5411\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u548c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c1897\u5e74\u4e4c\u91cc\u8328\u57fa\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u6beb\u65e0\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u4e86\u5f8b\u5e08\u884c\u4e1a\u4e4b\u5916\u3002<strong>\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u804c\u4e1a\u66fe\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u65cf\u7fa4\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u793e\u4f1a\u6d41\u52a8\u6e20\u9053\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5347\u6e20\u9053\u88ab\u5835\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e4c\u91cc\u8328\u57fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u77e5\u8bc6\u9752\u5e74\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u4e86\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u53c2\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u548c\u4e4c\u91cc\u8328\u57fa\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u548c\u5b63\u8bfa\u7ef4\u4e5f\u592b\u4e5f\u51fa\u8eab\u4e8e\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u5b63\u8bfa\u7ef4\u4e5f\u592b\u51ed\u501f\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u8d35\u65cf\u4e2d\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u3002\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b63\u8bfa\u7ef4\u4e5f\u592b\u88ab\u8feb\u524d\u5f80\u56fd\u5916\u7559\u5b66\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5219\u51fa\u8eab\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u5730\u4e3b\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u88ab\u540c\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u76f8\u5f53\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e73\u65f6\u8bb2\u4fc4\u8bed\u548c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u8bed\uff0c\u610f\u7b2c\u7eea\u8bed\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u4e61\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u7528\u5230\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u6ca1\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5370\u8bb0\u3002\u5728\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u81ea\u4f20\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u4e3b\u5bf9\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u4ed6\u5199\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u6211\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u8eab\u4efd\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u5360\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u80fd\u88ab\u6211\u8f7b\u5fae\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u2026\u2026\u6211\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u4fc4\u8bed\u548c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u8bed\uff0c\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6240\u9650\u5236\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u662f\u6211\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b58\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u5360\u4e3b\u8981\u4f4d\u7f6e\u201d\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u51b7\u6f20\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u60c5\u7eea\u662f\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6beb\u65e0\u611f\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5728\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u540e\u671f\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u5374\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u53d1\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e5f\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u53bb\u9009\u62e9\u5ffd\u89c6\u5b83\u3002<strong>\u548c\u5361\u5188\u8bfa\u7ef4\u5947\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5426\u8ba4\u6e90\u4e8e\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u62a4\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u618e\u6068\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4e0d\u53d7\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u751f\u5b58\uff1b\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u5426\u8ba4\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u7684\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u53cd\u53db\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u5929\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u666e\u904d\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u7528\u539f\u5219\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u53bb\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u6240\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7f3a\u5c11\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u4ed6\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u6240\u5438\u5f15\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u548c\u5b63\u8bfa\u7ef4\u4e5f\u592b\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u957f\u671f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u6d41\u653e\u8005\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6f02\u6cca\u4e0d\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6de1\u5316\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u6c11\u65cf\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u4e0e\u4ee5\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u51fa\u8eab\u4e3a\u81ea\u8c6a\u7684\u5361\u5188\u8bfa\u7ef4\u5947\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5bcc\u6709\u72b9\u592a\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u906e\u853d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u9636\u7ea7\u51fa\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/48a85bc4f8fbedaa\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u662f\u201c\u72b9\u592a-\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u795e\u8bdd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u653b\u51fb\u76ee\u6807<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b\u548c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u672c\u571f\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u9769\u547d\u8005\u6570\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u5dee\u522b\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u7d22\u79d1\u5229\u5c3c\u79d1\u592b\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u5728\u56fd\u8425\u94c1\u8def\u90e8\u95e8\u4efb\u804c\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8f83\u4e3a\u6e29\u548c\uff0c\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u5728\u8d35\u65cf\u4e2d\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u671f\u95f4\u4f1a\u56e0\u6c11\u65cf\u8eab\u4efd\u53d7\u5230\u540c\u5b66\u4eec\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u540e\u6765\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u5b66\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u540d\u989d\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u53bb\u56fd\u5916\u8bfb\u4e66\u3002\u53e4\u8c22\u592b\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u5219\u66f4\u52a0\u6b8b\u66b4\uff0c\u4ed6\u51fa\u8eab\u4e8e\u6881\u8d5e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u5e08\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u56e0\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u5728\u8857\u4e0a\u88ab\u4eba\u6bb4\u6253\uff0c\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77\u5c31\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b58\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u968f\u5bb6\u5ead\u642c\u5230\u8428\u62c9\u6258\u592b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u572816\u5c81\u90a3\u5e74\u4eb2\u773c\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u4e61\u6751\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u5c60\u6740\u3002\u53e4\u8c22\u592b\u7684\u81ea\u4f20\u662f\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4e2d\u5c11\u6709\u7684\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u53cd\u72b9\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u81ea\u4f20\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u6c99\u4fc4\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5c60\u6740\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u6000\u6709\u618e\u6068\u611f\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u4f20\u4e2d\u5199\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u903c\u8feb\u9605\u8bfb\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u7948\u7977\u4e66\u548c\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u5438\u5f15\u3002\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281905-1906\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u6556\u5fb7\u8428\u5c60\u6740\u4e2d\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u6355\uff0c\u76f4\u52301917\u5e74\u624d\u88ab\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u52a0\u7c73\u6d85\u592b\u3001\u65af\u7ef4\u5c14\u5fb7\u6d1b\u592b\u3001\u53f6\u8fde\u65af\u57fa\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u673a\u4f1a\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u6fc0\u8fdb\u56e2\u4f53\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u4e1c\u90e8\u7684\u4e0b\u8bfa\u592b\u54e5\u7f57\u5fb7\u7b49\u5730\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u8f83\u4e3a\u5bbd\u677e\u3002\u65af\u7ef4\u5c14\u5fb7\u6d1b\u592b\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u9769\u547d\u4f20\u7edf\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u5370\u5237\u5e97\u7ecf\u5e38\u751f\u4ea7\u975e\u6cd5\u5370\u5237\u7269\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u4ed6\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u6fc0\u8fdb\u56e2\u4f53\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56f0\u96be\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5931\u5b66\u5931\u4e1a\u4f7f\u4ed6\u8d70\u4e0a\u4e86\u804c\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u8005\u9053\u8def\u3002\u65af\u7ef4\u5c14\u5fb7\u6d1b\u592b\u65e9\u5e74\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e8e\u4e0b\u8bfa\u592b\u54e5\u7f57\u5fb7\u548c\u4e4c\u62c9\u5c14\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4ed6\u59cb\u7ec8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u52a0\u5165\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4eba\u603b\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u66fe\u63d0\u53ca\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002\u8fd9\u7b26\u5408\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd\u897f\u90e8\u7701\u4efd\u8f83\u4e3a\u76db\u884c\uff0c\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u4fc4\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e1c\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u8f83\u5f31\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u52a0\u7c73\u6d85\u592b\u548c\u96c5\u7f57\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u4e5f\u662f\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002\u52a0\u7c73\u6d85\u592b1883\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u662f\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u66fe\u53c2\u52a0\u8fc7\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u515a\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u9769\u547d\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u51fa\u8eab\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u52a0\u7c73\u6d85\u592b\u8ba4\u540c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4eba\u603b\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u4f46\u6c11\u65cf\u77db\u76fe\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u4ed6\u8eab\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u5c11\u5f20\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u5c81\u8ba4\u540c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u5374\u6539\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51b2\u6de1\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u88ab\u8d35\u65cf\u5b66\u6821\u5f00\u9664\uff0c\u53c8\u6d41\u653e\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u53c2\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u8eab\u4efd\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u8d70\u4e0a\u9769\u547d\u9053\u8def\u7684\u4e3b\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u9769\u547d\u8005\u4eec\u7684\u51fa\u8eab\u548c\u7ecf\u5386\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u6837\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u89c6\u4f5c\u9769\u547d\u8005\u52a0\u4ee5\u63a5\u7eb3\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u624d\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u7b49\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u90e8\u4e5f\u6709\u8f83\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u5217\u5b81\u672c\u4eba\u6b23\u8d4f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u5929\u624d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u8d77\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u7684\u901a\u5a5a\u5728\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4f17\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4e2d\u5374\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u3001\u76ae\u4e9a\u7279\u5c3c\u8328\u57fa\u3001\u65af\u7ef4\u5c14\u5fb7\u6d1b\u592b\u3001\u5b63\u8bfa\u7ef4\u4e5f\u592b\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\uff1b\u515a\u5185\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u83ab\u6d1b\u6258\u592b\u3001\u5e03\u54c8\u6797\u3001\u4f0f\u7f57\u5e0c\u6d1b\u592b\u3001\u57fa\u6d1b\u592b\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u63a5\u7eb3\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<strong>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u638c\u6743\u540e\u8fd8\u662f\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5316\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4e3a\u5927\u91cf\u88ab\u6c11\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u653f\u7b56\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5c0a\u4e25\u7684\u3001\u666e\u4e16\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u84dd\u56fe\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5176\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6765\u6e90: \u4e1c\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u8bc4\u8bba 1920\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u62a5\u520aIllustrated Sunday Herald\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[17192,8579],"views":256,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56571"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=56571"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56571\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":56572,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56571\/revisions\/56572"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=56571"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=56571"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=56571"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}