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src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/f3ce41eb1690493a\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u519b\u5230\u571f\u57ce\u5b50\u7684\u65e5\u8c0d\u5411\u91ce\u575a\u4e00\u5728\u300a\u4ece\u519b\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u5c71\u5730\u5143\u6cbb\u547d\u4ee4\u58eb\u5175\u201c\u5982\u679c\u89c1\u5230\u654c\u5175\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u7559\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u5c71\u5730\u89c1\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u8054\u961f\u4efb\u610f\u6740\u4eba\u65f6\uff0c\u672a\u52a0\u5236\u6b62\uff0c\u5374\u5631\u5490\u90e8\u4e0b\uff1a\u5bf9\u6b64\u201c\u4e0d\u8bb8\u8f7b\u6613\u5bf9\u5916\u6cc4\u9732\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5916\u56fd\u8bb0\u8005\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u65e5\u519b\u201c\u7763\u5175\u4e4b\u5458\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e34\u65f6\u7981\u6b62\u201d\u3002]\u7f8e\u56fd\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u4e16\u754c\u300b\u8bb0\u8005\u514b\u91cc\u66fc\uff08James 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Villiers\u300a\u9ed1\u767d\u753b\u62a5\u300b\u8bb0\u8005\uff09\uff0c\u89c1\u4e8c\u5175\u66f2\u8eab\u4e00\u5c38\u4e4b\u65c1\uff0c\u751a\u4e3a\u8be7\u5f02\u2026\u2026\u6b64\u4e8c\u5175\u5df2\u5c06\u5c38\u9996\u5256\u8179\uff0c\u5233\u51fa\u5176\u5fc3\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>12\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u62a5\u300b\u8bb0\u8005\u5728\u4e0e\u9646\u5965\u5b97\u5149\u4f1a\u9762\u65f6\u8d28\u95ee\uff1a\u65e5\u519b\u201c\u6740\u5bb3\u6346\u7f1a\u4e4b\u4fd8\u864f\u6216\u5e73\u6c11\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5987\u5973\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e3a\u6b27\u7f8e\u5404\u62a5\u793e\u8bb0\u8005\u6240\u76ee\u7779\uff0c\u4e14\u4e3a\u5404\u56fd\u8230\u961f\u4e4b\u519b\u5b98\u4e43\u81f3\u82f1\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u4e2d\u5c06\u7b49\u4ea6\u4e8e\u73b0\u573a\u6240\u4eb2\u89c1\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u91c7\u53d6\u4f55\u79cd\u5584\u540e\u63aa\u65bd\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n<p>12\u670828\u65e5\u66fe\u5728\u65c5\u987a\u76ee\u7779\u65e5\u519b\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u65e5\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u6b66\u5b98\u6d77\u519b\u4e0a\u5c09\u6b27\u4f2f\u8fde\uff08M.T.O\u2019Brien\uff09\u4ece\u91d1\u5dde\u7ed9\u82f1\u56fd\u9a7b\u65e5\u516c\u4f7f\u8c2d\u6069\uff08Dun 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src=\"https:\/\/img0.baidu.com\/it\/u=651569844,1469011225&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=120&amp;f=JPEG?w=584&amp;h=388\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u65c5\u987a\u5c60\u6740\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7a76\u7adf\u5e94\u8be5\u91c7\u53d6\u4ec0\u4e48\u63aa\u65bd\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u65e5\u672c\u8c61\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u201c\u6587\u660e\u201d\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5e38\u89c4\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d54\u793c\u9053\u6b49\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u8c22\u7f6a\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8d54\u507f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u635f\u5931\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u67e5\u5904\u5236\u9020\u8840\u6848\u4e4b\u51f6\u624b\u3002\u4f46\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\u529e\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u627f\u8ba4\u5c60\u6740\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u627f\u8ba4\u9519\u8bef\u5371\u9669\u751a\u591a\uff0c\u4ea6\u975e\u4e0a\u7b56\u2026\u2026\u83ab\u5982\u2026\u2026\u81f4\u529b\u8fa9\u62a4\u201d 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