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\u82f1\u56fd\u66fe\u7ecf\u62e5\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e09\u7684\u519b\u8d39\u5f00\u652f\u3002\u65e9\u57282010-2011\u8d22\u653f\u5e74\u5ea6\u5176\u56fd\u9632\u9884\u7b97\u5c31\u8fbe\u5230\u7ea6369\u4ebf\u82f1\u9551\uff08\u7ea6\u5408590\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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2\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4e1a\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4e1a\u5168\u7403\u5360\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u5e2d\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u5168\u7403\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u6280\u672f\u7814\u53d1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u751f\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9769\u547d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u62e5\u6709”\u73b0\u4ee3\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6447\u7bee”\u548c”\u4e16\u754c\u5de5\u5382”\u7684\u7f8e\u8a89\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7ea7\u6c7d\u8f66\u54c1\u724c\uff1a\u52b3\u65af\u83b1\u65af(Rolls-Royce)\u3002\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u9876\u7ea7\u8d85\u8c6a\u534e\u8f7f\u8f66\u5382\u5546\uff0cRolls-Royce\u51fa\u4ea7\u7684\u8f7f\u8f66\u662f\u9876\u7ea7\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u8c6a\u534e\u800c\u4eab\u8a89\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u52b3\u65af\u83b1\u65af\u8fd8\u6d89\u8db3\u98de\u673a\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u5236\u9020\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e14\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u5236\u9020\u8005\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3\u5ba2\u673a\u5c31\u91c7\u7528\u52b3\u65af\u83b1\u65af\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5728\u5168\u7403\u62e5\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u53ca\u5236\u9020\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u822a\u5929\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6280\u672f\u6700\u591a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5360\u5168\u7403\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u66fe\u8fbe\u523013%\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u5de5\u4e1a\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7a7a\u5ba2A380\u548cA350 XWB\u7684\u673a\u7ffc\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u7a7a\u5ba2\u82f1\u56fd\u7684Broughton\u8bbe\u65bd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5236\u9020\u7684\uff1b\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6ce2\u97f3787\u5ba2\u673a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u6765\u81ea\u82f1\u56fd\u5236\u9020\u5546\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5168\u7403\u5546\u4e1a\u52a8\u529b\u4e4b\u6e90\u4f0a\u987f\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14- bugattich – dowty\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u9876\u7ea7\u8d85\u8c6a\u534e\u8f7f\u8f66\u5382\u5546\u52b3\u65af\u83b1\u65af\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7a7a\u5ba2\u82f1\u56fd\u66fe\u7ecf\u5236\u9020\u4e86A400 m\u519b\u7528\u8fd0\u8f93\u673a\u7684\u7fc5\u8180\u3002\u52b3\u65af\u83b1\u65af\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u5168\u7403\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u822a\u7a7a\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u5236\u9020\u5546\u3002\u5176\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u529f\u7387\u8d85\u8fc730\u79cd\u5546\u7528\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u4e3a\u6c11\u7528\u548c\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u95e8\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d85\u8fc73\u4e07\u4e2a\u5f15\u64ce\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u56fd\u7528\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u822a\u5929\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u652f\u51fa\u7ea6\u5360\u82f1\u56fd\u822a\u5929\u603b\u652f\u51fa\u768470%\u3002\u5728\u7a7a\u5ba2A380\u5168\u9762\u6295\u5165\u751f\u4ea7\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53d7\u76ca\u8005\u3002\u9884\u8ba1\u672a\u676530\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u6bcf\u5e74\u53ef\u83b7\u5f9710\u4ebf\u82f1\u9551\u7684\u7a7a\u5ba2A380\u5408\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u56fd\u95fb\u540d\u9050\u8fe9\u7684\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\uff1a\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u7f57\u4f0a\u65af\u516c\u53f8(Rolls-Royce)\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u4e13\u4e3a\u9646\u5730\u3001\u6d77\u4e0a\u3001\u7a7a\u4e2d\u4ea4\u901a\u63d0\u4f9b\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6027\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u8986\u76d6\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u3001\u56fd\u9632\u822a\u7a7a\u3001\u8239\u8236\u548c\u80fd\u6e90\u56db\u5927\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e02\u573a\u5360\u6709\u5747\u5904\u4e8e\u5168\u7403\u9886\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u5305\u62ec600\u591a\u5bb6\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\uff0c4000\u5bb6\u516c\u52a1\u673a\u3001\u901a\u7528\u98de\u673a\u548c\u76f4\u5347\u673a\u7528\u6237\uff0c160\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u56fd\u9632\u7528\u6237\u4ee5\u53ca2000\u591a\u5bb6\u8239\u8236\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u904d\u53ca120\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u7528\u6237\u3002\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u7f57\u4f0a\u65af\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u519b\u7528\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u3002\u6536\u5165\u8fd1\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u6765\u81ea\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u6765\u81ea\u519b\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5236\u836f\u4e1a\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u662f\u5168\u7403\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5236\u836f\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u524d20\u5bb6\u5236\u836f\u4f01\u4e1a\u90fd\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5c55\u5f00\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e16\u754c\u8457\u540d\u54c1\u724c\u845b\u5170\u7d20\u53f2\u514b\uff08GlaxoSmithKline\uff09\u548c\u963f\u65af\u5229\u5eb7\u5236\u836f\uff08AstraZeneca\uff09\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u7b2c\u4e94\u548c\u7b2c\u516d\u5927\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u662f\u5168\u7403\u4e94\u5927\u5236\u836f\u4e1a\u5f3a\u56fd\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u524d100\u4f4d\u5904\u65b9\u836f\u7684\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u7814\u53d1\u7684\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u533b\u836f\u9274\u5b9a\u5c40\u603b\u90e8\u5c31\u8bbe\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u4f26\u6566\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u4e16\u754c\u5f88\u591a\u4e16\u754c\u9876\u7ea7\u7684\u5236\u836f\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u8f89\u745e\uff08Pfizer\uff09\u3001\u745e\u58eb\u8bfa\u534e\uff08Novartis\uff09\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u793c\u6765(Lilly)\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u83ab\u514b(Merck)\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u7814\u53d1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u57fa\u5730\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5927\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u7f8e\u56fd\u8f89\u745e\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08NHS\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u836f\u54c1\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u7814\u53d1\u8d39\u7528\u5360\u5176\u5168\u7403\u7814\u53d1\u8d39\u7528\u768414\uff05\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u56fd\u5168\u7403\u8457\u540d\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8\uff1a\u845b\u5170\u7d20\u53f2\u514b(GSK)\uff0c\u662f\u5168\u7403\u9996\u5c48\u4e00\u6307\u7684\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7403\u533b\u836f\u9886\u57df\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u7ea7\u7684\u9886\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u845b\u5170\u7d20\u53f2\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u6297\u611f\u67d3\u3001\u4e2d\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u547c\u5438\u548c\u80c3\u80a0\u9053\/\u4ee3\u8c22\u56db\u5927\u533b\u7597\u9886\u57df\u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\uff1b\u845b\u5170\u7d20\u53f2\u514b\u5728\u75ab\u82d7\u9886\u57df\u548c\u6297\u80bf\u7624\u836f\u7269\u65b9\u9762\u96c4\u5c45\u5168\u7403\u884c\u4e1a\u699c\u9996\u3002\u845b\u5170\u7d20\u53f2\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u6d88\u8d39\u4fdd\u5065\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u5c45\u4e16\u754c\u9886\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u845b\u5170\u7d20\u53f2\u514b\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u88ab\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u5168\u7403\u6027\u75be\u75c5(\u759f\u75be\u3001\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u548c\u7ed3\u6838\u75c5)\u7814\u5236\u836f\u7269\u548c\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u845b\u5170\u7d20\u53f2\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u62e5\u6709\u5341\u5206\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u961f\u4f0d\uff0815000\u591a\u540d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff09\u4ece\u4e8b\u7814\u53d1\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u6295\u5165\u9ad8\u8fbe800\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f630\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\u3002<\/p>\n

\u845b\u5170\u7d20\u53f2\u514b\u4e5f\u662f\u5168\u7403\u5927\u75ab\u82d7\u516c\u53f8\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e3a173\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u75ab\u82d7\u8d85\u8fc711\u4ebf\u5242\u3002\u845b\u5170\u7d20\u53f2\u514b\u62e5\u6709\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u53ca\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u845b\u5170\u7d20\u53f2\u514b\u6709\u4e94\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u533b\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/p>\n

\u963f\u65af\u5229\u5eb7\uff1a\u963f\u65af\u5229\u5eb7\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1913\u5e74\u3001\u5168\u7403\u9996\u5c48\u4e00\u6307\u7684\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u603b\u90e8\u4f4d\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u4f26\u6566\uff0c\u7814\u53d1\u603b\u90e8\u4f4d\u4e8e\u745e\u5178\u3002\u7531\u524d\u745e\u5178\u963f\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u524d\u82f1\u56fd\u6377\u5229\u5eb7\u516c\u53f8\u4e8e1999\u5e74\u5408\u5e76\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u963f\u65af\u5229\u5eb7\u5728\u8bf8\u591a\u6cbb\u7597\u9886\u57df\u4e3a\u60a3\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bcc\u4e8e\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u5353\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u5904\u65b9\u836f\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6d88\u5316\u3001\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u3001\u80bf\u7624\u3001\u4e2d\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\u3001\u9ebb\u9189\u3001\u547c\u5438\u548c\u6297\u611f\u67d3\u9886\u57df\u7b49\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u4ea7\u54c1\u5c45\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u9886\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u963f\u65af\u5229\u5eb7\u88ab\u5217\u5165\u9053\u743c\u65af\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6307\u6570(\u5168\u7403)\u4ee5\u53ca\u663e\u793a\u4f01\u4e1a\u826f\u597d\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u5ea6\u7684\u5bcc\u65f6\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u6307\u6570(FTSE4GoodIndex)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u963f\u65af\u5229\u5eb7\u7684\u6d88\u5316\u7c7b\u836f\u7269:\u6d1b\u8d5b\u514b(\u5965\u7f8e\u62c9\u632b)\u2015\u2014\u5168\u7403\u9500\u91cf\u6700\u5927\u7684\u836f\u54c1\uff1b\u963f\u65af\u5229\u5eb7\u7684\u9ebb\u9189\u7c7b\u836f\u7269:\u7f57\u54cc\u5361\u56e0(\u5229\u591a\u5361\u56e0)\u2014\u5168\u7403\u9500\u91cf\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u9ebb\u9189\u836f\uff1b<\/p>\n

5\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5316\u5de5\u884c\u4e1a\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u662f\u5168\u7403\u4e3b\u8981\u5316\u5de5\u751f\u4ea7\u56fd\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u516d\u5927\u5316\u5b66\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u7b2c\u56db\u5927\u5316\u5b66\u5de5\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f4d\u5c45\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5316\u5de5\u4e1a\u67092500\u591a\u5bb6\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d70%\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u662f\u5916\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n

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10\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u7535\u4fe1\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u62e5\u6709\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7535\u4fe1\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5176\u5bbd\u5e26\u57fa\u7840\u5efa\u8bbe\u201c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u201d\u6307\u6807\u4f4d\u5217\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u6307\u6807\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e09\u3002<\/p>\n

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1\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u5de5\u4e1a<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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2\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u9ad8\u94c1\u6280\u672f<\/p>\n

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3\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u6838\u7535\u6280\u672f<\/p>\n

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4\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u5236\u9020\u4e1a<\/p>\n

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\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u96f7\u8bfa\uff08Renault S.A.\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u5341\u5927\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u4e5f\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u3002\u96f7\u8bfa\u62e5\u6709\u65e5\u672c\u8f66\u5382\u65e5\u4ea7\u767e\u5206\u4e4b44.3\u7684\u80a1\u4efd\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u65e5\u672c\u4e5f\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u96f7\u8bfa-\u65e5\u4ea7\u8054\u76df\u3002\u65e5\u4ea7\u5219\u57282002\u5e74\u53d6\u5f97\u96f7\u8bfa\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u5341\u4e94\u7684\u80a1\u4efd\u3002\u96f7\u8bfa\u4e5f\u62e5\u6709\u4e09\u661f\u6c7d\u8f66(\u73b0\u540d\u96f7\u8bfa\u4e09\u661f)\u53caDacia\uff0c\u5305\u542b20%\u7684\u5bcc\u8c6a\u5361\u8f66\u90e8\u95e8\u80a1\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96f7\u8bfa\u5728\u8def\u6613\u96f7\u8bfa\u8349\u521b\u521d\u671f\u5c31\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u5927\u5956\u8d5b\u5e38\u80dc\u51a0\u519b\u3002\u65e5\u4ea7\u4e0e\u96f7\u8bfa1999\u5e74\u7ed3\u6210\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u96f7\u8bfa\u548c\u65e5\u4ea72016\u5e74\u4e0e\u4e09\u83f1\u6c7d\u8f66\u7ed3\u6210\u4e09\u65b9\u8054\u76df\uff0c2018\u5e74\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\u6c7d\u8f66\u603b\u9500\u91cf\u5168\u7403\u7b2c\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u6807\u81f4\u6c7d\u8f661976\u5e74\u4e0e\u96ea\u94c1\u9f99\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\u7ec4\u6210\u6807\u81f4\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u7b2c\u4e09\u5927\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u6807\u81f4\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u62c9\u529b\u9526\u6807\u8d5b\u8868\u73b0\u5353\u8d8a\uff0c\u572890\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u8f66\u575b\u4f20\u5947\u4eba\u7269–\u8482\u59c6\u54c8\u7ef4(Tim Harvey)\u9a7e\u9a76\u6807\u81f4406\u56db\u95e8\u8f66\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5f88\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u91cf\u4ea7\u8f66\u8d5b\u7684\u51a0\u519b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96ea\u94c1\u9f99\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e09\u5927\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u96ea\u94c1\u9f99\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6709\u96ea\u94c1\u9f99 AX\u3001 BX\u3001CX\u7cfb\u5217\u3001TDR\u7b49\u300290\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u96ea\u94c1\u9f99ZX\u7cfb\u5217\u65b0\u8f66\uff0c\u5176\u6280\u672f\u6c34\u5e73\u5c45\u5f53\u65f6\u4e16\u754c\u9886\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\u30021990\u5e74\uff0cZX\u8f66\u6210\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u7545\u9500\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u2014\u2014\u8fbe\u5580\u5c14\u6c7d\u8f66\u62c9\u529b\u8d5b\u4e2d\u83b7\u80dc\u30021991\u5e74\u96ea\u94c1\u9f99\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e8c\u6c7d\u5408\u8d44\u5174\u5efa\u795e\u9f99\u6c7d\u8f66\u516c\u53f8\uff0cZX\u8f66\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

5\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u7535\u6c14\u5236\u9020<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u56fd\u662f\u5168\u7403\u8001\u724c\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5f3a\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u65e9\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u540e\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u6cd5\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u95e8\u7c7b\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u662f\u6700\u5168\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u5982\u5927\u540d\u9f0e\u9f0e\u7684\u65bd\u8010\u5fb7\u7535\u6c14\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8(Schneider Electric SA )\u662f\u4e16\u754c500\u5f3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u65bd\u8010\u5fb7\u7535\u6c14\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u5168\u7403\u80fd\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u9886\u57df\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\uff0c\u4e3a100\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u53ca\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u53ca\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u697c\u5b87\u548c\u4f4f\u5b85\u5e02\u573a\u63d0\u4f9b\u6574\u4f53\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5728\u4f4f\u5b85\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u62e5\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\u8457\u540d\u7684\u963f\u5c14\u65af\u901a\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u963f\u5c14\u65af\u901a\u662f\u5168\u7403\u8f68\u9053\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u7535\u529b\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u7535\u529b\u4f20\u8f93\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u9886\u57df\u7684\u9886\u5148\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u521b\u65b0\u73af\u4fdd\u7684\u6280\u672f\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f1978\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217TGV \u8d85\u9ad8\u901f\u5217\u8f66\u7684\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u7a33\u56fa\u4e86\u963f\u5c14\u65af\u901a\u5728\u5168\u7403\u9ad8\u901f\u548c\u8d85\u9ad8\u901f\u5217\u8f66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u9886\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u963f\u5c14\u65af\u901a\u62e5\u6709\u5168\u9762\u7684\u7535\u529b\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u80fd\u6e90\u5f62\u5f0f(\u6c34\u7535\u3001\u6838\u7535\u3001\u7164\u70ad\u3001\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u3001\u751f\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u548c\u98ce\u7535)\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u51cf\u5c11\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u548c\u6c2e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u6392\u653e\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u5168\u7403\u9886\u5148\u3002<\/p>\n

6\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u5962\u4f88\u54c1\u4ea7\u4e1a<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u56fd\u662f\u5168\u7403\u8457\u540d\u7684\u54c1\u724c\u5927\u56fd\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u591a\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u5962\u4f88\u54c1\u54c1\u724c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u9ad8\u6863\u65f6\u88c5\u3001\u9999\u6c34\u3001\u5316\u5986\u54c1\u3001\u8461\u8404\u9152\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u8033\u719f\u80fd\u8be6\u7684\u8def\u6613\u5a01\u767b\u3001\u9999\u5948\u513f\uff08Chanel\uff09\u3001\u5723\u7f57\u5170\uff08YSL\uff09\uff0c\u7eaa\u68b5\u5e0c\u3001\u8fea\u5965\u3001\u7231\u9a6c\u4ed5Herm\u00e8s\u3001Cartier\u5361\u5730\u4e9a\u3001 \u5170\u853bLANCOME\u3001\u76ae\u5c14\u5361\u4e39Pierre Cardin\u3001 \u9cc4\u9c7cLacost\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

7\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u8461\u8404\u9152\u4ea7\u4e1a<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u8461\u8404\u9152\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u540d\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u5168\u740350\u5927\u6700\u53d7\u63a8\u5d07\u7684\u8461\u8404\u9152\u54c1\u724c\u201d\u699c\u5355\uff0c\u5c31\u670913\u4e2a\u6cd5\u56fd\u8461\u8404\u9152\u54c1\u724c\u5165\u56f4\u3002\u5168\u7403\u8457\u540d\u54c1\u724c\u62c9\u83f2\u8461\u8404\u9152\u5c31\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u53ca\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u5404\u6709\u5343\u79cb\uff0c\u96be\u5206\u4f2f\u4ef2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684turbo\u7f16\u7801\u30021993 \u5e74\u4e24\u4f4d\u6cd5\u56fd\u6559\u6388Berrou\u3001Glavieux \u548c\u7f05\u7538\u7c4d\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u5728ICC \u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u7684Near Shannon limit error-correcting coding and decoding: Turbo codes\u201d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f\u2014\u2014Turbo \u7801\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u65f6\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u7f16\u7801\u7406\u8bba\u754c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u8f70\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u56fd\u540c\u65f6\u62e5\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7684\u5316\u5986\u54c1\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u62e5\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7684\u8461\u8404\u9152\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u7535\u6c14\u88c5\u5907\u5728\u5904\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u6d41\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7f8e\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u5927\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u6cd5\u56fd\u79f0\u5f97\u4e0a\u662f\u5c0f\u578b\u8d85\u7ea7\u5927\u56fd\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u79d1\u6280\u5b9e\u529b\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u7814\u53d1\u5b9e\u529b\u3001\u9f50\u5168\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u95e8\u7c7b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6392\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e8e\u6392\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8001\u5927\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6392\u540d\u4e16\u754c\u524d\u4e09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u56fd\u79d1\u7814\u80fd\u529b\u5341\u5206\u51fa\u4f17\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5728\u822a\u5929\u3001\u6750\u6599\u5b66\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u6280\u672f\u3001\u80fd\u6e90\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u53ca\u5b9e\u529b\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u62e5\u670959\u4e2a\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\uff082019\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5173\u952e\u768420\u4e2a\u79d1\u7814\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u4fdd\u6301\u524d\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u53ca\u533b\u7597\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/p>\n

1\uff09\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u79d1\u6280\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u62e5\u5f88\u591a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u91cd\u5927\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u3001\u9752\u9709\u7d20\u3001\u8131\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff08DNA\uff09\u3001\u591a\u5229\u7f8a\u3001\u55b7\u6c14\u5f0f\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u56fd\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u95fb\u540d\u4e8e\u4e16\u7684\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u3001\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u3001\u725b\u987f\u3001\u57f9\u6839\u3001\u970d\u91d1\u3001\u5f17\u83b1\u660e\u3001\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u6ce2\u4e49\u5c14\u3001\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u7b49\u4ece\u53e4\u81f3\u4eca\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u5f71\u54cd\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u3001\u95fb\u540d\u4e8e\u4e16\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4eba\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u6885\u897f\u5b89\uff08Olivier Messiaen\uff0c1908\u5e7412\u670810\u65e5-1992\u5e744\u670827\u65e5\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4f5c\u66f2\u5bb6\u3001\u98ce\u7434\u5bb6\u53ca\u9e1f\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u516c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u4f5c\u66f2\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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