{"id":57181,"date":"2025-08-30T05:05:42","date_gmt":"2025-08-29T21:05:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=57181"},"modified":"2025-08-30T05:05:42","modified_gmt":"2025-08-29T21:05:42","slug":"%e5%9c%a8%e4%bb%8a%e5%a4%a9%ef%bc%8c%e4%be%9d%e7%84%b6%e8%a6%81%e5%af%b9%e5%85%ac%e6%b0%91%e7%90%86%e6%80%a7%e6%80%80%e6%9c%89%e4%bf%a1%e4%bb%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=57181","title":{"rendered":"\u5728\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u8981\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u7406\u6027\u6000\u6709\u4fe1\u4ef0"},"content":{"rendered":"<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\u64b0\u6587: \u5f90\u8d32\u00a0 \u00a0 \u6765\u6e90: \u65b0\u4eac\u62a5\u4e66\u8bc4\u5468\u520a<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\u675c\u5a01\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5357\u5317\u6218\u4e89\uff081861-1865\uff09\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u76841859\u5e74\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\uff0c\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u7684\u51b7\u6218\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u662f\u4ed6160\u5468\u5e74\u8bde\u8fb0\uff0c\u8ddd\u4ed6\u53bb\u4e16\uff081952\uff09\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf67\u5e74\u4e86\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6c89\u5bc2\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u675c\u5a01\u53c8\u91cd\u65b0\u53d7\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u754c\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u675c\u5a01\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8457\u4f5c\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\u300a\u675c\u5a01\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u300b\uff081995\uff09\uff0cIrwin Edman Bobbs-Merrill<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u675c\u5a01\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\uff081997\uff09\uff0cRobert Westbrook<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u675c\u5a01\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\uff081998\uff09\uff0cTerry Hoy<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u675c\u5a01\uff1a\u601d\u8003\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u300b\uff081998\uff09\uff0cRaymond D. Boisvert<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u675c\u5a01\u8bba\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\uff082000\uff09\uff0cWilliam R. Caspary<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u300b\uff082000\uff09\uff0cMaurice R. Berube<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u675c\u5a01\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff1a\u4f20\u8bb0\u300b\uff082002\uff09\uff0cJay Martin<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\uff1a\u8bba\u675c\u5a01\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff082003\uff09\uff0cMorris Eames<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u675c\u5a01\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\uff082010\uff09\uff0cJohn R. Shook<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u675c\u5a01\u300b\uff082010\uff09\uff0cJames A. Good<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff1a\u675c\u5a01\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\uff082011\uff09\uff0cDonald J. Morse<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u675c\u5a01\u5bf9\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4e24\u56fd\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5f53\u4e0b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bfb\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u675c\u5a01\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u516c\u5171\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff1b\u4f46\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bfb\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f15\u4ee5\u4e3a\u50b2\u7684\u672c\u571f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bfb\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u675c\u5a01\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u662f\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u822c\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u601d\u60f3\u6216\u516c\u5171\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\uff1b\u4f46\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bfb\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u675c\u5a01\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u60c5\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8c08\u675c\u5a01\uff1a\u675c\u5a01\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u675c\u5a01\u5f0f\u7684\u516c\u5171\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ecd\u5177\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u675c\u5a01\u54f2\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section><strong>\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u7406\u89e3\u675c\u5a01<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u675c\u5a01\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u805a\u7126\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u675c\u5a01\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u5df2\u7ecf\u79bb\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u5f53\u9065\u8fdc\uff0c1952\u5e74\u4ed6\u53bb\u4e16\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4e89\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u827e\u68ee\u8c6a\u5a01\u5c14\u521a\u5f53\u9009\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5e74\u6536\u5165\u624d3400\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u5e74\u85aa\u5927\u7ea6\u662f5100\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u53ea\u67093\/5\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u62e5\u6709\u6c7d\u8f66\uff0c2\/3\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u62e5\u6709\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c1\/3\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u62e5\u6709\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u3002\u5feb\u9910\u5e97\u6b63\u5728\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u5c0f\u513f\u9ebb\u75f9\u75c7\uff08\u810a\u9ad3\u7070\u8d28\u708e\uff09\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u6c7d\u8f66\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u88c5\u4e0a\u81ea\u52a8\u53d8\u901f\u7bb1\uff0c\u6c7d\u6cb9\u662f\u6bcf\u52a0\u4ed125\u7f8e\u5206\u2026\u2026\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u5982\u6b64\u201c\u4e45\u8fdc\u201d\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u675c\u5a01\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u675c\u5a01\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u5b83\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u7684\u90a3\u4e48\u4e45\u8fdc\u3002\u65e9\u57281919\u5e74\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5c31\u9884\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u88c1\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u5c06\u8981\u6765\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u88c1\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6765\u9886\u5bfc\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u88c1\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08autocratic 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liberalism\uff09\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u548c\u539f\u5219\u6027\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4e00\u6218\u524d\u540e,\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u53d7\u6218\u4e89\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd,\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5305\u62ec\u674e\u666e\u66fc\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u6781\u4e3a\u5931\u671b\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u9f13\u52a8\u6c11\u4f17\u96c6\u4f53\u7231\u56fd\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6c11\u4f17\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u8206\u8bba\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u4f20\u64cd\u7eb5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u90a3\u6837\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u6c11\u4f17\u72c2\u70ed\u6295\u5165\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u5ba3\u4f20\u6781\u6613\u5728\u6c11\u4f17\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u674e\u666e\u66fc\u4e8e1922\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u300a\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u3001\u6447\u6446\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5b83\u6709\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u628a\u63e1\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u4ece\u4e8b\u67d0\u79cd\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6574\u5929\u5fd9\u4e8e\u751f\u8ba1\uff0c\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc3\u601d\u53bb\u6df1\u5ea6\u5173\u5207\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f88\u5c11\u8ba4\u771f\u6d89\u5165\u516c\u4f17\u4e8b\u52a1\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9047\u4e8b\u5f80\u5f80\u51ed\u5370\u8c61\u3001\u51ed\u6210\u89c1\u3001\u51ed\u5e38\u8bc6\u6765\u5f62\u6210\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u5ba2\u7684\u717d\u52a8\u548c\u5229\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u675c\u5a01\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u674e\u666e\u66fc\u8fd9\u6837\u770b\u5f85\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u65e0\u5f02\u4e8e\u5728\u8d77\u8bc9\u5f53\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u516c\u4f17\u53ca\u5176\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff081922\uff09\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6b64\u4f5c\u51fa\u53cd\u9a73\u3002\u675c\u5a01\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u662f\u6309\u7167\u67d0\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u7406\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u5f04\u6e05\u590d\u6742\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u675c\u5a01\u53cd\u590d\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u591a\u4e48\u4e0d\u5c3d\u5982\u4eba\u610f\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6539\u8fdb\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6839\u672c\u524d\u63d0\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4fdd\u6301\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u662f\u5b9e\u5b9e\u5728\u5728\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u6c11\u4f17\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u62e5\u6709\u5171\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u5171\u540c\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u3002\u5f53\u6c11\u4f17\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u5c06\u4e4b\u5408\u7406\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fbf\u6210\u4e86\u516c\u4f17\u3002\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u603b\u662f\u4e0e\u6c11\u4f17\u770b\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u8ba8\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u52aa\u529b\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u675c\u5a01\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e8c\u8005\u90fd\u8fd8\u5904\u5728\u201c\u521d\u671f\u201d\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u516c\u4f17\u5fc5\u7136\u65e0\u80fd\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u5fc5\u987b\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u7f18\u6545\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/0a8934a3cd078d29\" \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\u300a\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5f0f\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff1a\u675c\u5a01\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\u00a0 \u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u675c\u5a01<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section><strong>\u8eab\u4f53\u529b\u884c\u7684\u516c\u5171\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u675c\u5a01\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e66\u658b\u578b\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6216\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8eab\u4f53\u529b\u884c\u81ea\u5df1\u6c11\u4e3b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u516c\u5171\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u4ed692\u5c81\u53bb\u4e16\u3002\u4ece19\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a20\u591a\u5c81\u7684\u5c0f\u4f19\u5b50\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4ece\u4e8b\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u8457\u4f5c\u66f4\u4f7f\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u516c\u5171\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u201c\u8fdb\u6b65\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d(Progressive Era,1890-1920)\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u675c\u5a01\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u751f\u6daf\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5230\u5dc5\u5cf0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4eba\u5411\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u6d1b\u5a01\u5c14\uff08A. Lawrence Lowell\uff09\u5efa\u8bae\u628a\u675c\u5a01\u4ece\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u62db\u8058\u5230\u54c8\u4f5b\u6765\u5f53\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u6d1b\u5a01\u5c14\u8ba4\u4e3a\u675c\u5a01\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e74\u8fc7\u516d\u5341\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5efa\u6811\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6d1b\u5a01\u5c14\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u675c\u5a01\u66f4\u591a\u4ea7\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u8fd8\u5728\u540e\u5934\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u768415\u5e74\u91cc\uff081919-1934\uff09\uff0c\u675c\u5a01\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5947\u8ff9\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u91cd\u5efa\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\u300a\u4eba\u6027\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u300b\u300a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u300a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u827a\u672f\u300b\u4e00\u672c\u63a5\u4e00\u672c\u5730\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5728\u300a\u65b0\u5171\u548c\u300b\u4e0a\u64b0\u6587\u6279\u8bc4\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u51c6\u5907\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u504f\u5de6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u653f\u515a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\uff0c\u675c\u5a01\u53c8\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u54f2\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u903b\u8f91\uff1a\u63a2\u7d22\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u300b\u3002\u4ed678\u5c81\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5230\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u57ce\u53bb\u4e3b\u6301\u201c\u675c\u5a01\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Dewey Commision\uff09,\u8c03\u67e5\u5173\u4e8e\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u52fe\u7ed3\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u675c\u5a01\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e8e1937\u5e749\u670821\u65e5\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u516c\u5e03\u4e86\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u6d17\u5237\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5ba1\u5224\u671f\u95f4\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u5e76\u63ed\u9732\u8fd9\u4e00\u5ba1\u5224\u5bf9\u88ab\u544a\u683d\u8d43\u9677\u5bb3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u30021939\u5e745\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u675c\u5a01\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6089\u5c3c\u00b7\u80e1\u514b\uff08Sidney Hook\uff09\u521b\u7acb\u201c\u6587\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff08CCF\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5173\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u539f\u5219\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efd\u516c\u5f00\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u5c31\u660e\u786e\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6781\u6743\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6839\u672c\u754c\u9650\u3002\u523040\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u675c\u5a01\u4ecd\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff0c\u5bf91948\u5e74\u603b\u7edf\u53c2\u9009\u4eba\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u534e\u83b1\u58eb\uff08Henry Wallace\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u6279\u8bc4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u675c\u5a01\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u6295\u8eab\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u4eba\u751f\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u516c\u5171\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8868\u7387\u3002\u4ed6\u6d3b\u8dc3\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u867d\u7136\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u5df2\u7ecf\u79bb\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u5f53\u4e45\u8fdc\uff0c\u4f46\u675c\u5a01\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u516c\u5171\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u6709\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u7406\u6027\u3001\u516c\u5171\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5206\u4eab\u3001\u516c\u5171\u4ea4\u8c08\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u675c\u5a01\u7684\u516c\u5171\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u675c\u5a01\u5f3a\u8c03\u516c\u5171\u7406\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u7701\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u300b\uff081936\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c\u53cd\u7701\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u9700\u8981\u201c\u80fd\u52a8\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u548c\u7ec6\u81f4\u5730\u601d\u8003\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6216\u88ab\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6d1e\u6089\u652f\u6301\u5b83\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u6240\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u5411\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u201d\u3002\u53cd\u7701\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u8981\u6c42\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u8010\u529b\uff0c\u201c\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u7ec6\u52a0\u601d\u8651\u4fbf\u5306\u4fc3\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1b\u53ef\u80fd\u758f\u5ffd\u6216\u51cf\u7f29\u4e86\u6c42\u95ee\u548c\u6c42\u77e5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u601d\u60f3\u61d2\u60f0\u3001\u53cd\u5e94\u8fdf\u949d\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u8010\u5fc3\u800c\u4e00\u6709\u2018\u7b54\u6848\u2019\u4fbf\u4ee5\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u613f\u610f\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0d\u6015\u9ebb\u70e6\u7ee7\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u53cd\u7701\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u91cc\uff0c\u675c\u5a01\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\u53cd\u7701\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e2d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u5c42\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u53ea\u662f\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e0d\u662f\u5145\u5206\u7684\u601d\u8003\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5411\u4ed6\u4eba\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u8ba9\u522b\u4eba\u5145\u5206\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u7f3a\u9677\u624d\u4f1a\u663e\u9732\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u6240\u89c4\u8303\uff08formated\uff09\uff0c\u201c\u89c4\u8303\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u773c\u5149\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u2026\u2026\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b64\u72ec\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u96be\u6216\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u7701\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u6e05\u695a\u660e\u4e86\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6765\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u7701\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u201c\u6279\u5224\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u5439\u6bdb\u6c42\u75b5\u5730\u6311\u9519\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0a\u7eb2\u4e0a\u7ebf\u5730\u6307\u8d23\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u662f\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\u6234\u5e3d\u5b50\u3001\u6253\u68cd\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u89c9\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u614e\u601d\u660e\u8fa8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5e73\u65f6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u7406\u6027\u601d\u8003\u201d\u3002\u7406\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6000\u7591\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6000\u7591\u7406\u6027\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5411\u786e\u5b9e\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u62b5\u5236\u8c2c\u8bef\u3001\u81ea\u6b3a\u548c\u6b3a\u9a97\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53c8\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u675c\u5a01\u4e3b\u5f20\u5e76\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u8425\u9020\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff08communities\uff09\uff0c\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4ed6\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u6e90\u81ea\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6c11\u4e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src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/63d512187d9fd04b\" 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