{"id":57469,"date":"2025-09-05T15:13:13","date_gmt":"2025-09-05T07:13:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=57469"},"modified":"2025-09-05T15:13:13","modified_gmt":"2025-09-05T07:13:13","slug":"%e8%af%bb%e6%87%82%e4%bf%84%e7%bd%97%e6%96%af%e9%9d%a9%e5%91%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=57469","title":{"rendered":"\u8bfb\u61c2\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u9769\u547d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4f5c\u8005: \u738b\u70c1\u00a0 \u00a0\u6765\u6e90: BetterRead\uff08ID\uff1aBetterRead\uff09<\/p>\n

\u300a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u60b2\u5267\uff1a1891\u5e74\u81f31924\u5e74\u7684\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u300b\uff0cA People’s Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891-1924\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6Orlando Figes\uff0c\u4e13\u6cbb\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u53f2\uff0c\u517c\u5177\u6587\u624d\u548c\u53f2\u624d\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u6210\u540d\u4f5c\uff0c\u83b7\u5956\u65e0\u6570\u30021891\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5927\u9965\u8352\uff0c1924\u5e74\u5217\u5b81\u53bb\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n

20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u3002\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u8bfb\u61c2\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u662f\u6377\u5f84\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u539a\u8fbe700\u9875\uff0c\u6211\u8fb9\u8bfb\u8fb9\u8bb0\uff0c\u518d\u521b\u4f5c\u51fa\u8fd1\u4e24\u4e07\u5b57\u957f\u7bc7\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u521b\u4e0b\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bfb\u4e66\u7b14\u8bb0\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u7528\u529b\u7684\u7eaa\u5f55\uff0c\u6b64\u524d\u66fe\u5206\u516b\u7bc7\u8fde\u8f7d\uff0c\u5e94\u8981\u6c42\u5408\u4e3a\u4e00\u7bc7\u957f\u6587\uff0c\u8bf7\u8fc7\u763e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u738b\u671d\u8870\u4e16<\/strong><\/p>\n

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1850\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u514b\u91cc\u7c73\u4e9a\u6218\u4e89\u5bf9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1b1905\u5e74\u7684\u65e5\u4fc4\u6218\u4e89\u5bf9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6218\u8d25\u540e\u90fd\u641e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u6539\u9769\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6218\u8d25\u540e\u90fd\u641e\u9769\u547d\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u5de7\u5408\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u90fd\u5206\u522b\u7ed9\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e24\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n

1870\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u5c42\u51fa\u73b0\u7acb\u5baa\u601d\u6f6e\u3002\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u5927\u672c\u8425\u5728\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\uff0c\u90e8\u957fAbaza\u8bf4\uff0c\u6c99\u7687\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u9760100\u4e07\u519b\u961f\u548c\u5b98\u5458\u6cbb\u7406\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c1890\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u9886\u8896\u7ef4\u7279\u4e5f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u53ea\u6709\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u8d70\u5411\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\u3001\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n

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1881\u5e74\uff0c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u4e8c\u4e16\u9047\u523a\u8eab\u4ea1\uff0c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u4e09\u4e16\u63a5\u4f4d\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u6539\u826f\u53ea\u4f1a\u50ac\u751f\u66b4\u5f92\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u5168\u6570\u4e0b\u91ce\u3002<\/p>\n

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Leninism\u4e0d\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u5217\u5b81\u81ea\u5df1\u30021869\u5e74\uff0cNechaev\u51fa\u7248\u9769\u547d\u5bf9\u8bdd\u96c6\uff1a\u9769\u547d\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u79c1\u52a1\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7275\u6302\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u60df\u4e00\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u9769\u547d\u3002\u56e0\u540c\u5fd7Ivanov\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\u547d\u4ee4\uff0cNechaev\u5c06\u5176\u5904\u6b7b\u3002\u59a5\u65af\u6258\u8036\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u5c06\u6b64\u4e8b\u5199\u5165\u5c0f\u8bf4The Possessed\u3002<\/p>\n

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1874\u5e74\u590f\uff0c\u6570\u5343\u5b66\u751f\u81ea\u53d1\u4e0b\u4e61\uff0c\u4e0e\u519c\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5e76\u4f20\u64ad\u9769\u547d\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u53cd\u5e94\u51b7\u6de1\uff0c\u591a\u4ee5\u60b2\u5267\u548c\u95f9\u5267\u6536\u573a\u3002\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u81ea\u6b64\u65e5\u8d70\u4e0b\u98ce\u3002<\/p>\n

1878\u5e74\uff0c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u9769\u547d\u6d3e\u523a\u6740\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821\u603b\u7763\uff0c\u88ab\u5224\u65e0\u7f6a\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u591a\u8d77\u523a\u6740\u6848\uff0c\u9ad8\u6f6e\u662f1881\u5e74\u523a\u6740\u6c99\u7687\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u4e8c\u4e16\uff0c\u9501\u5b9a\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u5316\u87ba\u65cb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5217\u5b81\u54e5\u54e5\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u4e4c\u91cc\u4e9a\u8bfa\u592b\u662f\u571f\u5730\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u5728\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u4e8c\u4e16\u9047\u523a\u516d\u5468\u5e74\u4e4b\u9645\u523a\u6740\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u4e09\u4e16\uff0c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u88ab\u5904\u6b7b\u3002\u6c99\u7687\u6700\u540e20\u5e74\uff0c1.7\u4e07\u4eba\u6b7b\u4e8e\u9769\u547d\u6050\u6016\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u9769\u547d\u515a\u7ecf\u8d39\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u62a2\u52ab\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5217\u5b81\u7684\u4e2d\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u8d39\u591a\u5c14\u00b7\u514b\u4f26\u65af\u57fa\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u8bc4\u8bed\u662f\uff1a\u6a21\u8303\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u670d\u4ece\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u8303\u5b66\u751f\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u4f1a\u593a\u4e86\u4ed6\u513f\u5b50\u7684\u6743\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u662f\u514b\u4f26\u65af\u57fa\uff0c1917\u5e74\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e34\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5217\u5b81\u5144\u957f\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u662f\u4e4c\u91cc\u4e9a\u8bfa\u592b\u5bb6\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u9a84\u50b2\uff0c1887\u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3b\u8c0b\u523a\u6740\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u4e09\u4e16\u88ab\u5904\u6781\u5211\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5217\u5b81\u8f6c\u5411\u9769\u547d\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u523a\u6740\u5bc6\u8c0b\u8005\u8fd8\u6709 Joseph Pilsudski\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u6ce2\u5170\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u540e\u6d3e\u519b\u961f\u8fdb\u653b\u7ea2\u8272\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\uff0c\u5e76\u5360\u636e\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u5927\u90e8\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u540a\u8be1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8bfb\u5230\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bfb\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8f66\u5c14\u5c3c\u96ea\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u3001Tkachev\u3002\u540e\u6765\u53eb\u4f5c\u5217\u5b81\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u2014\u2014\u4e25\u660e\u7684\u9769\u547d\u7eaa\u5f8b\u3001\u96c5\u5404\u5bbe\u5f0f\u72ec\u88c1\u503e\u5411\u3001\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6d3e\u7684\u8511\u89c6\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u9769\u547d\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n

1872\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u8bba\u300b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u6c99\u7687\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u5ba1\u67e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8457\u4f5c\u90fd\u6ca1\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u5ba1\u67e5\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u8bba\u300b\u592a\u8270\u6da9\u4e86\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6ca1\u4eba\u4f1a\u770b\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u6765\u5230\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5bf9\u7edd\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7688\u4f9d\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u7684\u9053\u8def\u88ab\u6452\u5f03\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u9769\u547d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n

1903\u5e74\u4fc4\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u4e0e\u9a6c\u6258\u592b\u51b3\u88c2\u3002\u5217\u5b81\u8ba4\u4e3a\u987b\u52a0\u5165\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u624d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u515a\u5458\uff0c\u9a6c\u6258\u592b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u8ba4\u540c\u515a\u7684\u7eb2\u9886\u53ef\u4ee5\u300223\u7968\u652f\u6301\u5217\u5b81\uff0c28 \u7968\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u968f\u540e\u652f\u6301\u9a6c\u6258\u592b\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6d3e\u522b\u56e0\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u88ab\u5426\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u83b7\u5f97\u5fae\u5f31\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u81ea\u79f0\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\uff08\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\uff09\uff0c\u79f0\u5bf9\u624b\u4e3a\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\uff08\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

1891\u5e74\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5927\u9965\u8352\uff0c50\u4e07\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u6700\u65e9\u7981\u6b62\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5b98\u65b9\u53e3\u5f84\u662f\u6536\u6210\u5dee\u70b9\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u9760\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u4f20\u95fb\u8d8a\u4f20\u8d8a\u53ef\u6015\u3002\u6700\u540e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5f53\u5e7411\u6708\u5ba3\u5e03\u5f00\u7981\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u754c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u81ea\u6b64\u653f\u5e9c\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6700\u540e\u7684\u6539\u9769\u673a\u4f1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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1904\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u4fc4\u6218\u4e89\u4e00\u89e6\u5373\u53d1\uff0c\u4fc4\u5185\u52a1\u90e8\u957fPlehve\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e72\u8106\u6253\u573a\u5c0f\u80dc\u4ed7\u6765\u904f\u5236\u9769\u547d\u5427\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u786e\u628a\u8bb8\u591a\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u53d8\u6210\u519b\u56fd\u72c2\u4eba\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6c99\u4fc4\u6218\u8d25\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u4e0d\u53ef\u6536\u62fe\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u5185\u52a1\u90e8\u957fPlehve\u88ab\u523a\u3002\u6c99\u7687\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u6362\u5f00\u660e\u6d3e\u4eba\u7269Mirsky\u63a5\u4efb\uff0c\u5176\u59bb\u5728\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0b\u4e0d\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u592a\u5c11\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4fdd\u4f51\u8001\u516c\u3002\u6c99\u7687\u6700\u540e20\u5e74\u53cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\uff1a\u4e00\u6ce2\u53c8\u4e00\u6ce2\u6539\u9769\u613f\u671b\u5728\u6c99\u7687\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e0b\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u4e3a\u3002Mirsky\u8ddf\u6c99\u7687\u5efa\u8bae\u628a\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u57fa\u5c42\u81ea\u6cbb\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5168\u4fc4\uff0c\u6c99\u7687\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd8\u771f\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u7272\u755c\u4e86\u3002Mirsky\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ee3\u8bae\u5236\u673a\u6784\u8981\u505a\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u8a00\u3002\u6c99\u7687\u6c89\u9ed8\u3002\u4e8b\u9042\u5bdd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e8b\u9ec4\u4e86\u4ee5\u540e\uff0cMirsky\u5bf9\u624b\u4e0b\u8bf4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6551\u4e86\uff0c\u591a\u5efa\u70b9\u76d1\u72f1\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n

1905\u5e741\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u5f7c\u5f97\u582115\u4e07\u5de5\u4eba\u5728\u795e\u7236Gapon\u5e26\u9886\u4e0b\uff0c\u62ac\u7740\u6c99\u7687\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u7684\u8096\u50cf\uff0c\u5230\u51ac\u5bab\u5411\u6c99\u7687\u8bf7\u613f\u3002\u50cf\u524d\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u6c99\u7687\u662f\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u8005\u4e00\u6837\uff0cGapon\u795e\u7236\u76f8\u4fe1\u6c99\u7687\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u8005\u3002\u519b\u961f\u5f00\u67aa\uff0c200\u4eba\u88ab\u6740\u3002\u5bf9\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u4e89\u593a\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u3002<\/p>\n

1905\u5e7410\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u5927\u7f62\u5de5\u671f\u95f4\uff0c562\u5bb6\u5de5\u5382\u4ee3\u8868\u96c6\u4f1a\uff0c\u521b\u8bbe\u5723\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\uff0c50\u540d\u59d4\u5458\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u6709\u4e03\u540d\u6765\u81ea\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u3001\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\u3002\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u4e3b\u5f20\u5de5\u4eba\u5927\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5de5\u4eba\u81ea\u53d1\u9769\u547d\u6709\u6000\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c99\u7687\u7ec8\u4e8e\u4ece\u6253\u730e\u5f52\u6765\uff0c\u7ef4\u7279\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5373\u5c06\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u9a6c\u4e0a\u653f\u6539\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u7acb\u5373\u519b\u7ba1\u3002\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u60f3\u4efb\u547d\u53d4\u53d4\u5c3c\u514b\u83b1\u4e3a\u519b\u4e8b\u603b\u7763\uff0c\u5c3c\u514b\u83b1\u638f\u51fa\u5de6\u8f6e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c99\u7687\u4e0d\u6536\u56de\u6210\u547d\u5c31\u5f53\u573a\u81ea\u6740\u3002\u5c3c\u514b\u83b1\u662f\u7687\u5ba4\u552f\u4e00\u6709\u519b\u4e8b\u624d\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6c99\u7687\u53ea\u597d\u9881\u653f\u6539\u8bcf\u3002<\/p>\n

1905\u5e74\uff0c\u6c99\u7687\u653f\u6539\u8bcf\u4e0b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u6682\u65f6\u6062\u590d\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u4f46\u8857\u5934\u5de6\u53f3\u7ffc\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u968f\u5373\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u518d\u6b21\u6210\u4e3a\u66ff\u7f6a\u7f8a\u3002\u4fdd\u7687\u53f3\u7ffc\u6307\u79f0\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e4b\u4e71\u5168\u56e0\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u9634\u8c0b\uff0c\u5168\u4fc4\u51fa\u73b0\u6570\u767e\u8d77\u8feb\u5bb3\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u5965\u5fb7\u8428\uff0c800\u540d\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u88ab\u6740\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c99\u7687\u4e0b\u653f\u6539\u8bcf\u540e\u4ec5\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c1905\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u902e\u6355\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5de5\u4eba\u8d77\u4e49\uff0c\u88ab\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e0a\u5343\u3002\u9547\u538b\u6210\u529f\u4f7f\u6c99\u7687\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ff7\u4fe1\u6b66\u529b\u3002\u6e29\u548c\u6d3e\u9996\u8f85\u7ef4\u7279\u8bf4\u4ed6\u5931\u53bb\u5bf9\u6c99\u7687\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u6781\u53f3\u6d3eDurnovo\u4e3b\u5bfc\u3002\u6c99\u7687\u653f\u6539\u6536\u573a\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u603b\u51712.5\u4e07\u4eba\u88ab\u6740\u3002<\/p>\n

\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5de5\u4eba\u8d77\u4e49\u65f6\uff0c\u9ad8\u5c14\u57fa\u7684\u516c\u5bd3\u6210\u4e3a\u7b56\u5212\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u4e8b\u8d25\u540e\u9ad8\u5c14\u57fa\u9003\u4ea1\u82ac\u5170\u3002\u6267\u653f\u7684\u6e29\u548c\u6d3e\u9886\u8896\u7ef4\u7279\u4ed8\u94b1\u7ed9\u4f26\u6566\u6bcf\u65e5\u7535\u8baf\u62a5\uff0c\u6563\u5e03\u9ad8\u5c14\u57fa\u662f\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u8c23\u8a00\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u8bbd\u523a\uff0c\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u6c99\u7687\u6267\u653f\u540e\u671f\u96c6\u7ed3\u53cd\u52a8\u6d3e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u52a8\u529b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

1905\u5e74\u9769\u547d\u5931\u8d25\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u9769\u547d\u529b\u91cf\uff08\u5de5\u4eba\u3001\u9769\u547d\u515a\u3001\u519c\u6c11\u3001\u54d7\u53d8\u7684\u519b\u961f\uff09\u5404\u884c\u5176\u4e8b\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u534f\u8c03\uff1b\u519b\u961f\u4e3b\u4f53\u4ecd\u7136\u5fe0\u4e8e\u6c99\u7687\uff1b\u6c99\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u8bcf\u4ee4\u5206\u5316\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u548c\u9769\u547d\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n

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1906\u5e74\uff0c51\u4f4d\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53d7\u5ba1\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u8005\u9001\u6765\u7684\u9c9c\u82b1\u628a\u6cd5\u5ead\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u82b1\u5e97\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u6ca1\u6709\u52c7\u6c14\u4ee4\u6cd5\u8b66\u62ff\u8d70\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u65af\u57fa\u6fc0\u60c5\u9648\u8bcd\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u8fa9\u62a4\u5f8b\u5e08\u4eec\u4e0e\u4ed6\u70ed\u70c8\u63e1\u624b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u540d\u662fZarudny\uff0c1917\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6210\u4e86\u514b\u4f26\u65af\u57fa\u653f\u5e9c\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53db\u56fd\u7f6a\u902e\u6355\u4e86\u6258\u6d1b\u65af\u57fa\u3002\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u540a\u8be1\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e00\u6279\u77e5\u540d\u5de6\u7ffc\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u51fa\u4e66\u53cd\u7701\u9769\u547d\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u505c\u6b62\u5e7b\u60f3\u62ef\u6551\u4eba\u6c11\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u6bd4\u6c99\u7687\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u67aa\u51b3\u4ee4\u52a0\u8d77\u6765\u8fd8\u8981\u53ef\u6015\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u6c99\u7687\u548c\u523a\u5200\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u62a4\u6211\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n

1905\u5e74\u9769\u547d\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u9769\u547d\u7406\u8bba\u6210\u578b\uff1a\u4e0e\u6c99\u7687\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\uff1b\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u65af\u57fa\u4e0e\u5217\u5b81\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5217\u5b81\u6709\u522b\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u6ca1\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u6216\u4e0d\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u7acb\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u5c06\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u8981\u6000\u67d4\u3002<\/p>\n

1906\u5e744 \u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u6c99\u7687\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u7684\u575a\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u56fd\u5bb6\u675c\u9a6c\u5728\u51ac\u5bab\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\u5927\u53a6\u5f00\u5e55\u3002\u6c99\u7687\u8fdb\u5165\u5927\u5385\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u81e3\u6b22\u547c\uff0c\u4f46\u675c\u9a6c\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u4e00\u8bed\u4e0d\u53d1\u3002\u6c99\u7687\u5728\u4eea\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u675c\u9a6c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u773c\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u8868\u5b8c\u5c06\u4ee5\u94c1\u8840\u7ef4\u62a4\u541b\u4e3b\u72ec\u88c1\u7684\u8bb2\u6f14\u540e\u5373\u79bb\u53bb\u30021917\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u653f\u6cbb\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\uff1a\u675c\u9a6c\u4e0e\u6c99\u7687\u4e4b\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e24\u4e2a\u9769\u547d\u653f\u515a\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u52a0\u56fd\u5bb6\u675c\u9a6c\uff0c\u675c\u9a6c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u519c\u6c11\u515a\u548c\u4ee3\u8868\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u7acb\u5baa\u515a\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u6c42\u662f\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5f81\u6536\u5730\u4e3b\u591a\u4f59\u571f\u5730\u3002\u5728\u6c89\u9ed820\u591a\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u6c99\u7687\u53d1\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5efa\u4e2a\u6d17\u8863\u5e97\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u95f4\u5927\u5b66\u5efa\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u56fd\u5bb6\u675c\u9a6c\u572872\u5929\u540e\u5373\u88ab\u89e3\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n

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1911\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u57fa\u8f85\u5267\u9662\uff0c\u6c99\u7687\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u65af\u6258\u96f7\u5e73\u9047\u523a\uff0c\u56db\u65e5\u540e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u523a\u5ba2Bogrov\u539f\u4e3a\u9769\u547d\u515a\uff0c\u540e\u88ab\u6536\u4e70\u6210\u4e3a\u8b66\u65b9\u7ebf\u4eba\u3002\u6ca1\u4eba\u8bf4\u5f97\u6e05\u4ed6\u662f\u53d7\u5de6\u6d3e\u8fd8\u662f\u53f3\u6d3e\u6307\u4f7f\u3002\u65af\u6258\u96f7\u5e73\u4e24\u9762\u90fd\u6811\u654c\u592a\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u7531\u4e8e\u6218\u672f\u8fc7\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5fb7\u4f5c\u6218\u5934\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u4fc4\u519b\u4e2d\u4e0b\u7ea7\u519b\u5b98\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u90e8\u4f24\u4ea1\uff0c\u66ff\u6362\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u662f20\u5c81\u51fa\u5934\u706b\u7ebf\u63d0\u62d4\u4e34\u65f6\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u58eb\u5175\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u51fa\u8eab\u519c\u6c11\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f1917\u5e74\u9769\u547d\u519b\u5b98\u56e2\u7684\u4e3b\u529b\u3002\u4e00\u6218\u4e3a\u6c99\u4fc4\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\u6398\u5893\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6c99\u4fc4\u6218\u4e89\u540e\u52e4\u5b8c\u5168\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u6c11\u95f4\u81ea\u53d1\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u75311905\u5e74\u65e5\u4fc4\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u6c11\u95f4\u540e\u63f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9886\u8896Lvov\u7275\u5934\uff0c\u4e3a\u524d\u7ebf\u63d0\u4f9b\u533b\u7597\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u7b49\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u89c4\u6a21\u5927\u5230\u5982\u540c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u30021917\u5e742\u6708\u9769\u547d\u540e\uff0c\u4e34\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u957f\u4e0d\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u540e\u63f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0cLvov\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u603b\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u4e8c\u6708\u9769\u547d\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u662f\u5168\u6c11\u7684\u8282\u65e5\u3002\u66b4\u529b\u6d2a\u6d41\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u5e2d\u5377\u4e00\u5207\u7279\u6743\u8005\uff0c\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u773c\u955c\u3001\u767d\u886c\u886b\u4e5f\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u7279\u6743\u8c61\u5f81\u88ab\u8e29\u788e\uff0c\u88ab\u626f\u788e\u3002<\/p>\n

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1917\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u5728\u745e\u58eb\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8001\u4eba\u5927\u6982\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u9769\u547d\u90a3\u4e00\u5929\u4e86\u3002\u4e8c\u6708\u9769\u547d\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\u3001\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u548c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u7684\u9886\u8896\u90fd\u4e0d\u5728\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u6d41\u4ea1\u6d77\u5916\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u6d41\u653e\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u3002\u5728\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821\u7684\u4e2d\u5c42\u9769\u547d\u515a\u4eba\u76f4\u52302\u670827\u65e5\u9769\u547d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u51fa\u53bb\u9886\u5bfc\u9769\u547d\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u9769\u547d\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u8981\u8d76\u4e0a\u9769\u547d\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u670827\u65e5\u4e0b\u5348\uff0c\u5404\u515a\u8054\u5408\u6210\u7acb\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5de5\u4eba\u4e34\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u30023000\u4eba\u7684\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u58eb\u5175\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u665a\u95f4\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u6267\u59d4\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5458\u6765\u81ea\u5404Socialist\u653f\u515a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5de6\u7ffc\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u4ee3\u8868\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u58eb\u5175\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u675c\u9a6c\u5728\u5de6\u53f3\u7ffc\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e0d\u51b3\u3002\u514b\u4f26\u65af\u57fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u675c\u9a6c\u6062\u590d\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e34\u65f6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3002\u540c\u5728Tauride\u5bab\uff0c\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5728\u5de6\u8fb9\uff0c\u675c\u9a6c\u4e34\u65f6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5728\u53f3\u8fb9\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5728\u8857\u5934\u4e00\u547c\u767e\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u6709\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u8857\u5934\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Tauride Palace<\/p>\n

\u514b\u4f26\u65af\u57fa\u662f\u60df\u4e00\u5728\u4e34\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u4efb\u804c\u7684\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u6267\u59d4\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e0d\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u3002\u4ed6\u544a\u8bc9\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u4fe1\u4efb\u6211\u5417\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u6b7b\u7ed9\u4f60\u4eec\u770b\uff01\u5927\u4f1a\u4e8e\u662f\u9f13\u638c\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u4e24\u8fb9\u4efb\u804c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u6267\u638c\u6700\u591a\u6743\u52bf\u3002\u4ed6\u675c\u9a6c\u65f6\u7a7f\u5927\u8863\u6234\u9886\u7ed3\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\uff1b\u5728\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5219\u8131\u6389\u5927\u8863\u548c\u9886\u7ed3\uff0c\u597d\u66f4\u8c61\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u6062\u590d\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u675c\u9a6c\u4e34\u65f6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u547d\u4ee4\u58eb\u5175\u56de\u5230\u519b\u8425\uff0c\u670d\u4ece\u519b\u5b98\u6307\u6325\u3002\u58eb\u5175\u62c5\u5fc3\u79cb\u540e\u7b97\u8d26\uff0c\u58eb\u5175\u5360\u7edd\u5bf9\u591a\u6570\u7684\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5927\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u53f7\u4ee4\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u58eb\u5175\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u58eb\u5175\u53ea\u670d\u4ece\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\uff0c\u675c\u9a6c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0e\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u62b5\u89e6\u3002\u4e00\u53f7\u4ee4\u5f7b\u5e95\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u519b\u7eaa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53ea\u5e0c\u671b\u8feb\u4f7f\u675c\u9a6c\u5efa\u7acb\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u653f\u6743\u3002\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3aSocialist\u9769\u547d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u8981\u5148\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\uff1b\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u638c\u6743\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u51fb\uff1b\u4e00\u65e6\u6267\u653f\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u627f\u53d7\u8857\u5934\u9769\u547d\u6d2a\u6d41\u538b\u529b\u7684\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u6c99\u4fc4\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u675c\u9a6c\u800c\u662f\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u3002\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4e0e\u675c\u9a6c\u8c08\u5224\u6210\u7acb\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u62f1\u624b\u5c06\u653f\u6743\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

1917\u5e7410\u6708\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u56db\u6b21\u673a\u4f1a\u593a\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u653e\u5f03\uff0c\u9519\u8fc7\u4e86\u628a\u9769\u547d\u7eb3\u5165\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u593a\u6743\u7684\u9a71\u9664\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u652f\u6301\u4e34\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u5927\u8d66\u653f\u6cbb\u72af\uff1b\u8a00\u8bba\u51fa\u7248\u96c6\u4f1a\u81ea\u7531\uff1b\u5e9f\u9664\u57fa\u4e8e\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff1b\u53ec\u5f00\u5236\u5baa\u4f1a\u8bae\uff1b\u89e3\u6563\u8b66\u5bdf\uff1b\u5b9e\u884c\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u666e\u904d\u3001\u79d8\u5bc6\u548c\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\uff1b\u53c2\u52a0\u9769\u547d\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u4e0d\u5f97\u89e3\u9664\u6b66\u88c5\u6216\u9001\u5230\u524d\u7ebf\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u503c\u52e4\u65f6\u4eab\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u6ca1\u6d89\u53ca\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u571f\u6539\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c99\u7687\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c92\u670826\u65e5\u7684\u65e5\u8bb0\uff1a10\u70b9\u505a\u5f25\u6492\uff1b\u65e9\u996d\u65f6\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\uff1b\u7ed9Alix\u5199\u4e86\u4fe1\uff0c\u5728Bobrisky\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u5c0f\u6559\u5802\u8fb9\u6563\u4e86\u4f1a\u6b65\uff1b\u5929\u6c14\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u6709\u70b9\u51b7\uff1b\u4e0b\u5348\u8336\u540e\u8bfb\u4e86\u70b9\u4e66\uff0c\u8ddf\u53c2\u8bae\u5458Tregubov\u8c08\u5230\u5403\u665a\u996d\uff1b\u7761\u524d\u73a9\u4e86\u4f1a\u513f\u591a\u7c73\u8bfa\u9aa8\u724c\u3002\u90a3\u5929\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821\u519b\u961f\u5168\u9762\u54d7\u53d8\uff0c\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4e8e\u6b21\u65e5\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u519b\u961f\u6ca1\u6765\u62a4\u9a7e\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u652f\u5c0f\u961f\u8d76\u5230\u51ac\u5bab\uff0c\u4f46\u7c73\u54c8\u4f9d\u5927\u516c\u62c5\u5fc3\u74f7\u5668\u53d7\u635f\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5176\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u6267\u884c\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\u62c5\u5fc3\u8c03\u52a8\u524d\u7ebf\u519b\u961f\u56de\u4eac\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u5168\u519b\u54d7\u53d8\uff0c\u88ab\u5fb7\u519b\u6240\u4e58\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u5168\u90e8\u524d\u7ebf\u5c06\u4ee4\u901a\u7535\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\uff0c\u6c99\u7687\u53d4\u7236\u5c3c\u79d1\u83b1\u8dea\u6c42\uff0c\u8981\u5176\u900a\u4f4d\u3002\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u95ee\u4e8e\u968f\u4ece\u5c06\u9886\uff0c\u7b54\u6848\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5b64\u5bb6\u5be1\u4eba\uff0c\u7a77\u9014\u672b\u8def\uff0c\u6c99\u7687\u900a\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c99\u7687\u539f\u4f20\u4f4d\u513f\u5b50\u963f\u5217\u514b\u585e\u3002\u513f\u5b5013\u5c81\uff0c\u8840\u53cb\u75c5\uff0c\u62c9\u65af\u666e\u91d1\u66fe\u8bf413\u5c81\u524d\u80fd\u6cbb\u6108\u3002\u5fa1\u533b\u8bf4\u8840\u53cb\u75c5\u65e0\u836f\u53ef\u6cbb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u4e00\u65e6\u900a\u4f4d\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u6d41\u653e\u3002\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u4e8e\u662f\u4f20\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5144\u5f1f\u7c73\u54c8\u4f9d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u513f\u5b50\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u6c99\u7687\u4e00\u5bb6\u6570\u5e74\u540e\u88ab\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u5168\u90e8\u67aa\u6740\u3002\u674e\u65af\u672b\u8def\u60b2\u9ec4\u72ac\uff0c\u5948\u4f55\u751f\u6b64\u5e1d\u738b\u5bb6\uff01<\/p>\n

\u7c73\u54c8\u4f9d\u5927\u516c\u610f\u5916\u5f97\u77e5\u88ab\u4f20\u4f4d\uff0c\u95ee\u675c\u9a6c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u5df1\u63a5\u4f4d\u80fd\u5426\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8e\u662f\u62d2\u7edd\u3002300\u5e74\u6c99\u7687\u5236\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e3e\u56fd\u6b22\u817e\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u60f3\u590d\u8f9f\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u767d\u519b\u9886\u8896\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6562\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u81ea\u6740\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bd4\u5f20\u52cb\u806a\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

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1917\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u4ece\u745e\u58eb\u5f52\u56fd\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e50\u89c1\u9769\u547d\u8005\u8fd4\u4fc4\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u4e0d\u5f85\u4fc4\u4e34\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u5fb7\u8c08\u5224\u5373\u5355\u65b9\u8fbe\u6210\u901a\u884c\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u662f\u60df\u4e00\u575a\u5b9a\u53cd\u6218\u7684\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u538c\u6218\u5df2\u4e45\u7684\u524d\u7ebf\u8fc5\u901f\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u5316\u3002\u58eb\u5175\u5927\u591a\u51fa\u8eab\u519c\u6c11\uff0c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ea\u610f\u5473\u77404\u4e2a\u5b57\uff1a\u56de\u5bb6\uff0c\u5206\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e8c\u6708\u9769\u547d\u63a8\u7ffb\u6c99\u7687\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u5904\u4e8e\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u3001\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u58eb\u5175\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u5e95\u5c42\u5bf9\u4e8e\u538b\u5728\u5176\u5934\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u624d\u662f\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d62\u4e86\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7838\u788e\u4e00\u5207\u7279\u6743\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u60f3\u8981\u6309\u5176\u610f\u5fd7\u5f7b\u5e95\u91cd\u7ec4\u793e\u4f1a\uff1a\u519c\u6c11\u8981\u5730\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u8981\u5de5\u5382\uff0c\u58eb\u5175\u8981\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u8981\u81ea\u6cbb\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e94\u3001\u5217\u5b81\u7684\u9769\u547d<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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7\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u56e0\u6297\u8bae\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821\u673a\u67aa\u65c5\u88ab\u4ee4\u5f00\u8d74\u524d\u7ebf\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u58eb\u5175\u5927\u6e38\u884c\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e34\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u6743\u529b\u5f52\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u5207\u6743\u529b\u5f52\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e3\u53f7\u4f53\u73b0\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u81ea\u5df1\u5e76\u4e0d\u613f\u63a5\u7ba1\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u9769\u547d\u8def\u8ff3\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u6743\u529b\u5f52\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\uff0c\u800c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u63a5\u7ba1\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b21\u65e5\uff0c\u4e24\u4e07Kronsdat\u6c34\u5175\u6b66\u88c5\u5f00\u8fdb\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821\uff0c\u8981\u5217\u5b81\u4e0b\u4ee4\u593a\u53d6\u653f\u6743\u3002\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u5728\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4e2d\u5c1a\u5c45\u5c11\u6570\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u673a\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u672a\u4e0b\u51b3\u5fc3\u3002\u6c34\u5175\u6293\u4f4f\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\u9886\u8896\u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u592b\uff0c\u201c\u4f60\u8fd9\u72d7\u65e5\u7684\uff0c\u5feb\u70b9\u638c\u6743\uff0c\u90fd\u9001\u4f60\u624b\u4e0a\u4e86\uff01\u201d\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6ca1\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u58eb\u5175\u65e0\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u66b4\u4e71\u65e0\u679c\u6536\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u53f3\u6d3e\u79f07\u6708\u66b4\u4e71\u662f\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4e3b\u4f7f\uff0c\u4f20\u64ad\u5217\u5b81\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u95f4\u8c0d\u7684\u8c23\u8a00\uff0c\u51fa\u81ea\u4e2d\u6821 Yermolenko\uff0c\u81ea\u79f0\u88ab\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u4fd8\u864f\u65f6\u5f97\u77e5\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0d\u4fe1\u6b64\u8bf4\uff1a\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u662f\u8d44\u52a9\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\uff0c\u4f46\u91cf\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u81ea\u884c\u5176\u662f\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u542c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u30027\u67085 \u65e5\uff0c\u4e34\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u6307\u63a7\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u901a\u654c\u66b4\u4e71\uff0c\u901a\u7f09\u5217\u5b81\u53ca\u53e6\u591611\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

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7\u6708\u66b4\u4e71\u5ba3\u544a\u540e\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u671f\u5404\u6d3e\u522b\u6210\u578b\uff1a\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u662f\u6781\u5de6\uff0c\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5176\u4ed6\u515a\u6d3e\u5982\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\u3001\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u662f\u5de6\uff0c\u514b\u4f26\u65af\u57fa\u662f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u662f\u4e2d\u53f3\u30027\u6708\u66b4\u4e71\u540e\u6781\u53f3\u5c06\u9886Kornilov\u63a5\u66ffBrusilov\u4efb\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\uff0c\u5411\u514b\u4f26\u65af\u57fa\u644a\u724c\uff0c\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u58eb\u5175\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u519b\u7ba1\u3002\u6b64\u4e3e\u88ab\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u548c\u4e34\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u8054\u624b\u7c89\u788e\uff0c\u4f46\u653f\u6cbb\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u6d3e\u5df2\u65e0\u7acb\u8db3\u4e4b\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u516d\u3001\u505c\u6218\uff0c\u5206\u5730\uff0c\u6e05\u6d17<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6377\u5c14\u4efb\u65af\u57fa<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

12\u6708\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u519b\u4e8b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53d6\u6d88\uff0c\u5951\u5361\u4ee3\u4e4b\u3002\u5951\u5361\u5185\u90e8\u8bad\u4ee4\uff1a\u5ba1\u8baf\u65f6\u4e0d\u7528\u95ee\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u95ee\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u95ee\u53d7\u8fc7\u4ec0\u4e48\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u95ee\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u5426\u4e13\u653f\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u6d45\u663e\u7684\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u53cc\u624b\u767d\u5ae9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e13\u653f\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u53f8\u6cd5\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u662f\u5de6\u7ffc\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\u4eba\uff0c\u5bf9\u5217\u5b81\u8bf4\uff0c\u53eb\u4ec0\u4e48\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\uff1f\u4e0d\u5982\u53eb\u6d88\u706d\u90e8\uff01\u5217\u5b81\u4e24\u773c\u653e\u5149\uff0c\u8bf4\u5f97\u597d\uff01\u4e0d\u8fc7\u80fd\u5e72\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5951\u5361\u5fbd\u7ae0<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u653f\u6743\u6210\u7acb\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u5ead\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u66f4\u4eff\u96c5\u5404\u5bbe\u6d3e\u6210\u7acb\u9769\u547d\u5ba1\u5224\u5ef7\uff0c\u4ee5\u5de5\u4eba\u3001\u58eb\u5175\u4e3a\u5ba1\u5224\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u901a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u51ed\u9769\u547d\u826f\u5fc3\uff08revolutionary conscience\uff09\u8db3\u4ee5\u65ad\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

1918\u5e741\u670819\u65e5\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u79d1\u4f26\u6cf0\u5f3a\u884c\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e1c\u6b63\u6559\u5723\u5730Alexander Nevsky\u6559\u5802\u4f5c\u8363\u519b\u9662\uff0c\u67aa\u6740\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u3002\u5217\u5b81\u6b21\u65e5\u53d1\u5e03\u516c\u544a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6536\u4e00\u5207\u6559\u4ea7\u3002\u5217\u5b81\u4ee5\u65e7\u4f53\u5236\u6bcf\u4e00\u6839\u652f\u67f1\u4e3a\u654c\uff0c\u4e0e\u65e7\u4f53\u5236\u6108\u51b3\u88c2\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u65e7\u4f53\u5236\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u652f\u6301\u6108\u7262\u56fa\u3002<\/p>\n

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1917\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u539f\u8ba2\u5236\u5baa\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u529b\u673a\u6784\u56fd\u6c11\u5927\u4f1a\u7ec8\u4e8e\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u592a\u665a\u4e86\u3002\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u83b724%\u9009\u7968\uff0c\u4f46\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\u83b738%\u3002\u5217\u5b81\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u56fd\u6c11\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b83\u30021\u6708\u5927\u4f1a\u53ec\u5f00\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u8981\u6c42\u571f\u5730\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u5f52\u516c\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u88ab\u5426\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u5927\u4f1a\u5373\u88ab\u89e3\u6563\u3002\u4e24\u5929\u540e\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u539f\u6837\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u672a\u6765\u82cf\u4fc4\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5baa\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u5bf9\u53c2\u6218\u5404\u56fd\u53d1\u51fa\u505c\u6218\u9080\u8bf7\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u539f\u76f8\u4fe1\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6218\u4e89\u4f1a\u88ab\u5404\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u8d77\u4e49\u6240\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u53ea\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5bf9\u5fb7 Brest-Litovsk\u6761\u7ea6\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u8981\u6c42\u63a5\u53d7\u5fb7\u56fd\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5e03\u54c8\u5b81\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u8981\u6253\u9769\u547d\u6218\u4e89\uff1b\u6258\u6d1b\u65af\u57fa\u662f\u4e0d\u6218\u4e0d\u548c\uff0c\u5373\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e0d\u6253\u4ed7\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u5fb7\u548c\u7ea6\u4e09\u6d3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e03\u54c8\u6797\u5360\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u65af\u57fa\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u6700\u5c11\u6570\uff0c\u53ea\u5f97\u4e0e\u6258\u7ed3\u76df\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u65af\u57fa\u5bf9\u5fb7\u644a\u724c\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u60ca\u5446\uff1a\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u65b9\u9000\u51fa\u6218\u4e89\u5374\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u6218\u80dc\u8005\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5fb7\u519b\u8fdb\u653b\uff0c\u4e09\u5929\u4e4b\u5185\u63a8\u8fdb150\u82f1\u91cc\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u80c6\u5bd2\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u4eb2\u81ea\u5411\u67cf\u6797\u53d1\u7535\u62a5\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u5207\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u514d\u5728Brest- Litovsk\u803b\u8fb1\u548c\u7ea6\u4e0a\u7b7e\u5b57\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u65af\u57fa\u8f9e\u53bb\u5916\u4ea4\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e00\u4f4d\u6c99\u7687\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u63a5\u4efb\u7b7e\u5b57\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u3001\u82ac\u5170\u548c\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u6cbf\u5cb8\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86 1\/3\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u548c\u8015\u5730\u300154%\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c89%\u7684\u7164\u3002\u76f4\u52301939\u5e74\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u74dc\u5206\u6ce2\u5170\uff0c\u624d\u5927\u4f53\u6062\u590d\u539f\u72b6\u3002\u518d\u5f80\u540e\uff0c1991\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u7e41\u76db\u4e0e\u5d29\u6e83\u540e\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u8fb9\u754c\u624d\u53c8\u56de\u5f52\u540eBrest-Litovsk\u6761\u7ea6\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u672a\u6765\u8fd8\u53d8\u4e0d\u53d8\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5927\u8d77\u4e49\u4e45\u7b49\u6ca1\u6765\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u8bba\u606f\u9f13\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u521b\u9020\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u4e00\u56fd\u9996\u5148\u80dc\u5229\u8bba\u3002\u9769\u547d\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd8\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u66f4\u8feb\u5207\u3002\u5217\u5b81\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u9996\u90fd\u8fc1\u81f3\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5185\u6218\u6765\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001\u5185\u6218\u5efa\u56fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7ea2\u519b\u7f14\u9020\u8005\u6258\u6d1b\u65af\u57fa<\/p>\n

\u767d\u519b\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u652f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u652f\u662f\u5357\u90e8\u987f\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u7531Kornilov\u548c\u9093\u5c3c\u91d1\u7387\u9886\u7684\u53f3\u7ffc\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u4e0e\u53f3\u7ffc\u54e5\u8428\u514b\u5408\u4f5c\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u652f\u5728\u4f0f\u5c14\u52a0\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u53ca\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u4e1c\u90e8\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u5927\u4f1a\u4e2d\u95f4\u6d3e\u8bae\u5458\u4e0e\u9002\u5728\u5883\u5185\u672a\u5f52\u56fd\u7684\u6377\u514b\u519b\u961f\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u8d25\u540e\u4e0e\u9ad8\u5c14\u5bdf\u514b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u652f\u519b\u961f\u5408\u6d41\u3002\u767d\u519b\u57281919\u5e74\u590f\u5b63\u5411\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5927\u8fdb\u519b\uff0c\u4f46\u52301920\u5e74\u6625\u4fbf\u544a\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n

\u767d\u519b\u5931\u8d25\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u60f3\u56de\u5230\u9769\u547d\u524d\uff0c\u63d0\u4e0d\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u7eb2\u9886\uff0c\u91cd\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u5982\u571f\u5730\u548c\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u7b49\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u518d\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u8f93\u5c31\u8f93\u5728\u5148\u519b\u4e8b\u540e\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u8d62\u5728\u6709\u9769\u547d\u653f\u6cbb\u7eb2\u9886\uff1a\u571f\u5730\u7ed9\u519c\u6c11\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8179\u5730\u6218\u533a\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u5411\u80cc\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

1918\u5e74\u590f\uff0c\u4e0e\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u540c\u8def\u534a\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5de6\u6d3e\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\u4eba\u8d77\u4e49\u3002\u6b64\u524d\u5de6\u6d3e\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\u9000\u51fa\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u9000\u51fa\u5951\u5361\uff0c\u572820\u4eba\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e2d\u53607\u5e2d\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u638c\u63e1\u5951\u5361\u6b66\u88c5\u3002\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u57ce\u4e2d\u65e0\u5175\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u4e0b\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab\uff0c\u5374\u524d\u5f80\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u53d1\u8868\u6f14\u8bf4\uff0c\u88ab\u536b\u5175\u4e00\u7f51\u6253\u5c3d\u3002\u9769\u547d\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf7\u5ba2\u5403\u996d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8fa9\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u671f\uff0c\u6c99\u7687\u5728\u6d41\u653e\u5730\u53f6\u5361\u6377\u7433\u5821\u88ab\u6740\u3002\u6b64\u524d\u5217\u5b81\u51c6\u5907\u5c06\u5176\u5e26\u5230\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u516c\u5ba1\u4f46\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e3b\u610f\u3002\u767d\u519b\u653b\u57ce\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u5728\u5730\u4e0b\u5ba4\u67aa\u6740\u6c99\u7687\u4e00\u5bb611\u4eba\uff0c\u8ddf\u4f20\u8bf4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5ba0\u7269\u72ac\u6ca1\u6709\u751f\u8fd8\u8005\u3002\u867d\u7136\u519b\u4e2d\u591a\u6709\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u62e5\u62a4\u8005\uff0c\u767d\u519b\u9886\u8896\u5e76\u4e0d\u60f3\u7528\u6c99\u7687\u4f5c\u65d7\u53f7\uff0c\u4f46\u5217\u5b81\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4ee5\u5185\u6218\u4e3a\u5efa\u56fd\u5960\u57fa\u3002RedArmy\u6700\u591a\u65f6\u8fbe\u5230500\u4e07\u4eba\u3002\u519c\u6c11\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u5728\u5185\u6218\u4e2d\u626b\u76f2\uff0c\u8d64\u5316\uff0c\u7ecf\u53d7\u8003\u9a8c\uff0c\u727a\u7272\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u94c1\u8840\u65b0\u4eba\u3001\u65b0\u653f\u6743\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u4e3a\u4e86\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u4ece\u592a\u4e0a\u5230\u6700\u4e0b\u5f7b\u5e95\u91cd\u7ec4\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u6c99\u7687\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u519c\u6751\u5e1d\u529b\u4e8e\u6211\u4f55\u6709\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4ee5\u94c1\u8155\u5bfc\u5165\u4e13\u653f\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u4ee5RedArmy\u547d\u4ee4\u4f53\u5236\u6295\u5c04\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e13\u653f\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u56fd\u5bb6\u8131\u80ce\u6362\u9aa8\uff0c\u59cb\u4e8e\u6258\u6d1b\u65af\u57fa\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7531\u5176\u6b7b\u654c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c99\u4fc4\u540d\u5c06Brusilov\u5fc3\u5411\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u62d2\u7edd\u52a0\u5165\u767d\u519b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u597d\u574f\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u6c11\u5df2\u7ecf\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u7ea2\u8272\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u80fd\u987a\u4e0d\u80fd\u9006\u3002Brusilov\u4e00\u5ea6\u88ab\u65b0\u653f\u6743\u8f6f\u7981\uff0c\u72ec\u5b50\u4e3a\u6c42\u7236\u4eb2\u81ea\u7531\u52a0\u5165RedArmy\uff0c\u5728\u987f\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u88ab\u9093\u5c3c\u91d1\u519b\u961f\u6240\u4fd8\u3002\u9093\u5c3c\u91d1\u66fe\u4e3aBrusilov\u90e8\u5c06\uff0c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u5176\u6e29\u548c\u6d3e\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5b50\u5904\u6b7b\u30021920\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u65b0\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6ce2\u5170\u653b\u4e0b\u57fa\u8f85\uff0cBrusilov\u52a0\u5165RedArmy\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u7231\u56fd\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u4e07\u540d\u539f\u6c99\u4fc4\u519b\u5b98\u52a0\u5165RedArmy\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6467\u6bc1\u4ed6\u4eec\u539f\u6765\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u9636\u5c42\u3002\u201c\u539f\u6765\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e48\u7ba1\u7528\uff01\u201d\u6258\u6d1b\u65af\u57fa\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6258\u6d1b\u65af\u57fa\u544a\u8bc9 Brusilov\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u540d\u4e49\u547c\u5401\u767d\u519b\u519b\u5b98\u505c\u6b62\u62b5\u6297\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5e76\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e00\u652f\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u5bf9\u6ce2\u5170\u4f5c\u6218\u3002\u540e\u6765\u544a\u77e5\u8ba1\u5212\u53d6\u6d88\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\uff0cRedArmy\u98de\u673a\u5bf9\u514b\u91cc\u7c73\u4e9a\u534a\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u767d\u519b\u6b8b\u519b\u6563\u53d1\u4f20\u5355\uff0c\u4ee5Brusilov\u540d\u4e49\u8bb8\u8bfa\u5927\u8d66\u3002\u6570\u767e\u540d\u519b\u5b98\u9009\u62e9\u7559\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u64a4\u9000\uff0c\u65e5\u540e\u5168\u90e8\u88ab\u67aa\u6bd9\u3002Brusilov\u4e0d\u5e94\u611f\u5230\u610f\u5916\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u52a0\u5165RedArmy\u65f6\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u5951\u5361\u5728\u62bc\u519b\u5b98\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u65af\u57fa\u8bf4\uff0c\u6377\u5c14\u4efb\u65af\u57fa\u8fde\u6211\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6293\uff01<\/p>\n

Brusilov<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7981\u6b62\uff0c\u81ea\u6740\u8be5\u591a\u4e48\u5e78\u798f\u3002\u201d9\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0cBrusilov\u75c5\u6b7b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6258\u6d1b\u65af\u57fa\u662fRedArmy\u521b\u9020\u8005\u3001\u5185\u6218\u83b7\u80dc\u7684\u9996\u529f\u3002\u4f46\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4eceRedArmy\u521b\u5efa\u5c31\u5206\u88c2\uff1a\u6258\u6d1b\u65af\u57fa\u5927\u91cf\u62db\u52df\u6c99\u4fc4\u519b\u5b98\u52a0\u5165RedArmy\uff0c\u800c\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u519c\u6c11\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u641e\u5927\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u6218\u524d\u6295\u7968\u51b3\u5b9a\u6218\u672f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6253\u8d62\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u5174RedArmy\u5c06\u9886\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u65e5\u540e\u7684RedArmy\u5143\u5e05\u4f0f\u7f57\u5e0c\u6d1b\u592b\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u65af\u5927\u6797\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u519b\u4e8b\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u3002\u4e24\u6d3e\u4e4b\u4e89\u5728\u5217\u5b81\u8c03\u548c\u4e0b\u6682\u65f6\u59a5\u534f\uff1a\u65e7\u519b\u5b98\u8981\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981Political commissar\u6765\u76d1\u63a7\u5176\u5fe0\u8bda\u3002\u8fd9\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u65e5\u540e\u6240\u6709\u7ea2\u8272\u519b\u961f\u7684\u96cf\u5f62\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6258\u6d1b\u65af\u57fa\u548c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e0d\u6b7b\u4e0d\u4f11\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c30\u5e74\u4ee3\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5bf9RedArmy\u519b\u7684\u5927\u6e05\u6d17\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u6b64\u57cb\u4e0b\u4f0f\u7b14\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u52a0\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u9020\u5c31\u5e9e\u5927\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u51e0\u5343\u4eba\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u6cb9\u6599\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u4f46\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u6cb9\u6599\u53ef\u4f9b\u5206\u914d\u3002\u5168\u4fc490%\u7684\u7eb8\u5f20\u6d88\u8d39\u90fd\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u30021921\u5e74\uff0c\u5b98\u50da\u8fbe\u5230240\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u9769\u547d\u524d\u56db\u500d\u6709\u591a\uff0c\u662f\u653f\u6743\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u4eba\u6570\u7684\u4e24\u500d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e13\u653f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ea2\u8272\u5b98\u50da\u4e13\u653f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u516b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u65af\u5927\u6797<\/p>\n

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