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Y. Wong\uff08\u9ec4\u5b87\u548c\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bb9\u95f3\u3001\u5eb7\u6709\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u5bb6\u55bb\u6237\u6653\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6551\u4ea1\u56fe\u5b58\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u6000\u62b1\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u6d3b\u8dc3\u4e8e19\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u540e\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5371\u5728\u65e6\u5915\u7684\u65f6\u5c40\u9732\u51fa\u4e00\u4e1d\u751f\u673a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u201c\u633d\u72c2\u6f9c\u4e8e\u65e2\u5012\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u660f\u6697\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5374\u5bb9\u4e0d\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6709\u7406\u60f3\u4e0e\u62b1\u8d1f\u7684\u201c\u826f\u4eba\u201d\uff0c1898\u5e74\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9646\u7eed\u6d41\u4ea1\u6d77\u5916\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u56e2\u4f53\u7ee7\u7eed\u540c\u671d\u5ef7\u6297\u4e89\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u5df2\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3e\u522b\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f7c\u6b64\u8bba\u6218\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u57281900\u5e74\uff0c\u6539\u826f\u6d3e\uff08\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4fdd\u7687\u6d3e\uff09\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u6d3e\u4e4b\u95f4\u66fe\u6709\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u300a\u6d41\u4ea1\u7406\u60f3\u5bb6\uff1a\u5bb9\u95f3\u3001\u5eb7\u6709\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\uff0c1894\u20141911\u300b\uff08Three Visonaries in Exile: Yung Wing, K\u2019ang Yu-wei and Sun Yat-sen, 1984-1911\uff09\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6fb3\u7c4d\u534e\u4eba\u5b66\u8005\u9ec4\u5b87\u548c\uff08J. Y. Wong\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e86\u5bb9\u3001\u5eb7\u3001\u5b59\u7b49\u4eba\u66fe\u8bd5\u56fe\u8054\u5408\u53cd\u6297\u6e05\u5ef7\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u53c8\u5206\u9053\u626c\u9573\u7684\u539f\u59d4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u8bf4\u5230\u5bb9\u3001\u5eb7\u3001\u5b59\u4e09\u4eba\u7684\u6d41\u4ea1\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u4ece1894\u20141895\u5e74\u7684\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\u8bf4\u8d77\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u4e2d\u65e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u6218\u4e89\uff08\u4e4b\u524d\u662f\u5510\u671d\u7684\u767d\u6c5f\u53e3\u4e4b\u6218\u4e0e\u660e\u671d\u7684\u4e07\u5386\u4e1c\u5f81\u4e4b\u5f79\uff09\u7ed9\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u6df1\u5904\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u9707\u64bc\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f30\u91cf\u30021895\u5e74\u5728\u4eac\u53c2\u52a0\u4f1a\u8bd5\u7684\u5eb7\u6709\u4e3a\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u542c\u95fb\u4e86\u300a\u9a6c\u5173\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u624d\u6124\u800c\u8054\u5408\u4e3e\u4eba\u201c\u516c\u8f66\u4e0a\u4e66\u201d\uff0c\u62c9\u5f00\u4e86\u620a\u620c\u53d8\u6cd5\u7684\u5e8f\u5e55\uff1b\u672c\u5df2\u5bf9\u6d0b\u52a1\u8fd0\u52a8\u5931\u671b\u81f3\u6781\u800c\u5c45\u7f8e\u56fd\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5bb9\u95f3\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u53d7\u5230\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u9707\u64bc\uff0c\u624d\u56de\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3a\u5f20\u4e4b\u6d1e\u7b79\u8c0b\u5212\u7b56\uff1b\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8fb9\u9672\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u524d\u4e00\u5e74\u5411\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u4e0a\u4e66\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fd\u4e8b\u5982\u6b64\u9893\u8d25\uff0c\u624d\u6700\u7ec8\u5fc3\u7070\u610f\u51b7\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u9999\u6e2f\u5174\u4e2d\u4f1a\uff0c\u53d1\u52a8\u4e86\u5e7f\u5dde\u8d77\u4e49\u3002\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u65f6\u5c40\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u65bd\u5c55\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u4ee5\u6551\u4ea1\u56fe\u5b58\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u63a5\u8fde\u906d\u5230\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5148\u79bb\u5f00\u7684\u662f\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u30021895\u5e74\u4e0e\u6768\u8862\u4e91\u7b49\u4eba\u7b56\u5212\u7684\u5e7f\u5dde\u8d77\u4e49\u5931\u8d25\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u8feb\u79bb\u5f00\u5e7f\u4e1c\uff0c\u7ecf\u7531\u6fb3\u95e8\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u6d41\u4ea1\u6d77\u5916\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u6539\u7ec4\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u8fd8\u6709\u9887\u591a\u7684\u201c\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4f01\u56fe\u593a\u53d6\u5e7f\u5dde\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u6e05\u57fa\u5730\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u5931\u8d25\u4ee5\u540e\uff08\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u8bba\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u6307\u6325\u5f97\u4e86\u6210\u767e\u4e0a\u5343\u7684\u8d29\u592b\u8d70\u5352\uff0c\u5149\u662f\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8d77\u4e49\u6210\u529f\u540e\u5982\u4f55\u8fce\u6218\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u88c5\u5907\u7cbe\u826f\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u519b\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u8d77\u4e49\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u529f\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f01\u56fe\u524d\u5f80\u82f1\u56fd\u4f26\u6566\u5411\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6c42\u5f97\u201c\u5584\u610f\u4e2d\u7acb\u201d\uff08benevolent neutrality\uff09\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u7684\u8d77\u4e49\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4e1d\u6beb\u6ca1\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u8499\u96be\u65f6\u66fe\u53d7\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8425\u6551\uff0c\u4f46\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u5c06\u4ed6\u4ece\u6e05\u4f7f\u9986\u4e2d\u6551\u8d70\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6e05\u4f7f\u9986\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u4f26\u6566\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e1c\u65b9\u4e13\u5236\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5426\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5173\u5207\u4e4b\u60c5\u3002\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u4f26\u6566\u4e4b\u884c\u6536\u6548\u751a\u5fae\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5f97\u4ee5\u91cd\u8fd4\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6b63\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6709\u5fc3\u79cd\u82b1\u82b1\u4e0d\u5f00\uff0c\u65e0\u5fc3\u63d2\u67f3\u67f3\u6210\u836b\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f26\u6566\u8499\u96be\u7ecf\u5386\u7adf\u7136\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u53cb\u4eba\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u6b63\u5728\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u6cdb\u4e9a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u627e\u5bfb\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e2d\u56fd\u201c\u82f1\u96c4\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e0e\u6c14\u8d28\u521a\u597d\u7b26\u5408\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u671f\u8bb8\u3002\u5bab\u5d0e\u5bc5\u85cf\uff08Miyazaki 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u5baa\u653f\u4f1a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bfc\u81f4\u81ea\u7acb\u519b\u8d77\u4e49\u529f\u8d25\u5782\u6210\uff0c\u5eb7\u6709\u4e3a\u53d7\u5230\u7ef4\u65b0\u6d3e\u5185\u90e8\u8bf8\u591a\u53cb\u4eba\u7684\u6307\u8d23\uff0c\u5a01\u671b\u5927\u8dcc\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4eb2\u81ea\u5954\u8d74\u6b27\u7f8e\u5404\u5730\u5e76\u6d3e\u5f97\u610f\u95e8\u5f92\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u5230\u6fb3\u6d32\u518d\u6b21\u5bfb\u6c42\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u63f4\u3002\u800c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5bf9\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6d3e\u5219\u6e10\u6e10\u5448\u73b0\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u8f6c\u5411\u897f\u65b9\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u7b79\u501f\u7ecf\u8d39\u30021905\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u9769\u547d\u56e2\u4f53\u540c\u76df\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u5206\u6563\u7684\u9769\u547d\u56e2\u4f53\u5f00\u59cb\u56e2\u7ed3\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65d7\u5e1c\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c47\u805a\u6210\u52bf\u4e0d\u53ef\u6321\u7684\u6d2a\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<p>\u8dd1\u9a6c\u573a\u4e0a\u65e0\u5b57\u7891\uff1a\u6768\u8862\u4e91\u3001\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\u9769\u547d\u8fd0\u52a8<\/p>\n<p>\u6574\u7406\u81ea\uff1aThe Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 19, No. 3 (May, 1960), pp. 307-318<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aChun-tu Hsueh\uff08\u859b\u541b\u5ea6\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u8dd1\u9a6c\u5730\u575f\u573a\u91cc\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5757\u5893\u7891\u3002\u5893\u7891\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u6b7b\u8005\u7684\u59d3\u540d\uff0c\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u523b\u6709\u201c6348\u201d\u5b57\u6837\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u5893\u7891\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u4ece\u8fdc\u5904\u671b\u53bb\uff0c\u9690\u853d\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u897f\u5f0f\u5893\u7891\u4e2d\u7684\u5b83\u5e73\u6de1\u65e0\u5947\uff1b\u4f46\u82e5\u4ece\u8fd1\u5904\u6253\u91cf\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5b83\u5929\u5706\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5916\u5f62\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u7891\u67f1\u9876\u90e8\u7684\u622a\u75d5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u4eff\u4f5b\u5411\u4eba\u4eec\u8bc9\u8bf4\u7740\u901d\u8005\u7684\u201c\u58ee\u5fd7\u672a\u916c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/31a7fbb6993be1e1\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6768\u8862\u4e91\u5893<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u4fbf\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u5174\u4e2d\u4f1a\u9996\u4efb\u4f1a\u957f\u6768\u8862\u4e91\u7684\u5893\u3002\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6768\u8862\u4e91\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e00\u76f4\u540c\u4ed6\u7684\u5893\u7891\u4e00\u6837\u6e6e\u6ca1\u65e0\u95fb\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6768\u3001\u5b59\u4e8c\u4eba\u66fe\u56e0\u4f1a\u957f\u4e00\u804c\u4e00\u5ea6\u4ea4\u6076\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u8005\u4eec\u5bf9\u6768\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u666e\u904d\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\uff08\u5982\u51af\u81ea\u7531\u7b49\uff09\u751a\u81f3\u8f83\u4e3a\u8d1f\u9762\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6768\u8862\u4e91\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u5171\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u8fdb\u6b65\u56e2\u4f53\u8f85\u4ec1\u6587\u793e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u665a\u6e05\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u540c\u6837\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u300a\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u3001\u6768\u8862\u4e91\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\u9769\u547d\u8fd0\u52a8\u300b\uff08Sun Yat-sen, Yang Chu-yun, and the Early Revolutionary Movement in China\uff09\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4fbf\u662f\u4ece\u6768\u8862\u4e91\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u6768\u8862\u4e91\u4e0e\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e861895\u5e74\u52301905\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9769\u547d\u5f80\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6768\u8862\u4e91\uff0c\u7956\u7c4d\u4e2d\u56fd\u798f\u5efa\uff0c1861\u5e74\u751f\u4e8e\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u69df\u6994\u5c7f\uff0c\u540e\u968f\u5176\u7236\u4eb2\u5b9a\u5c45\u9999\u6e2f\u30021875\u5e74\uff0c\u5341\u56db\u5c81\u7684\u6768\u8862\u4e91\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u6d77\u519b\u7801\u5934\u505a\u5b66\u5f92\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e00\u6b21\u610f\u5916\u5de5\u4f24\u53f3\u638c\u4e09\u6839\u624b\u6307\u9f50\u65ad\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e8b\u91cd\u4f53\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u9042\u6539\u4e60\u82f1\u6587\u3002\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4efb\u62db\u5546\u5c40\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u6c99\u5ba3\u6d0b\u884c\u526f\u7ecf\u7406\u30021892\u5e74\uff0c\u6768\u8862\u4e91\u6210\u7acb\u8f85\u4ec1\u6587\u793e\u5f00\u59cb\u62db\u6536\u4f1a\u5458\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u5458\u6709\u8c22\u74d2\u6cf0\u3001\u5468\u8d85\u5cb3\u3001\u9ec4\u6c38\u5546\u3001\u9648\u82ac\u7b49\u6d0b\u884c\u5458\u5de5\uff0c\u5e73\u65e5\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e60\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4ea4\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img 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