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\u53e6\u4e00\u5c01\u662f\u97e6\u5fb7\u6210\u81f4\u6f58\u4ed5\u6210\u7684\u4fe1\u51fd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u201c\u5341\u4e09\u884c\u4e8b\u603b\u671f\u5141\u8d34\u65b9\u597d\uff0c\u5b98\u529e\u7ec8\u89c9\u9694\u819c\uff0c\u60f3\u9601\u4e0b\u53c8\u5f53\u8d39\u5fc3\uff0c\u5219\u53d7\u60e0\u8005\u6b63\u96be\u4ee5\u6570\u8ba1\u8033\u201d\u3002\u8be5\u4fe1\u53c8\u63d0\u53ca\u201c\u7f18\u8fd1\u65e5\u5929\u6c14\u751a\u708e\uff0c\u672a\u6562\u9020\u8bbf\u201d\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e24\u4eba\u5747\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u590f\u5929\u3002\u636e\u9053\u5149\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081843\uff09\u6625\u300a\u6422\u7ec5\u5168\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u97e6\u5fb7\u6210\u4e3a\u4e91\u5357\u76d0\u6cd5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u5e74\u51ac\u7684\u300a\u6422\u7ec5\u5168\u4e66\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u662f\u5e7f\u4e1c\u76d0\u8fd0\u4f7f\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u6f58\u4ed5\u6210\u90fd\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u3002\u6839\u636e1842\u5e74\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u300a\u5357\u4eac\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u6d0b\u884c\u72ec\u63fd\u5916\u8d38\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u88ab\u5e9f\u6b62\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u6e05\u8fd8\u5bf9\u82f1\u5546\u7684\u201c\u5546\u6b20\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6d0b\u884c\u867d\u4ecd\u53ef\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ece\u4e8b\u5916\u8d38\uff0c\u4f46\u5883\u9047\u66f4\u52a0\u8270\u96be\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u5546\u6b20\u201d\u662f\u5b98\u5e9c\u5148\u4e3a\u4ee3\u57ab\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9\u82f1\u65b9\uff0c\u4e8b\u540e\u884c\u5546\u8981\u5206\u644a\u507f\u8fd8\u3002\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u63a8\u6d4b\u6b64\u51fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5199\u4e8e1843\u5e74\u6216\u6b64\u540e\u4e00\u4e24\u5e74\u7684\u590f\u5929\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6f58\u4ed5\u6210\u53ea\u662f\u76d0\u5546\uff0c\u97e6\u5fb7\u6210\u5f53\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96be\u9898\u4e0a\u53d1\u6325\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5e7f\u5dde\u5341\u4e09\u884c\uff0c1850\u5e74<\/p>\n

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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6f58\u4ed5\u6210\u662f\u76d0\u5546\u7edd\u65e0\u7591\u4e49\uff0c\u675c\u51e4\u6cbb\u6240\u8bb0\u7684\u201c\u5f00\u6d0b\u884c\u5927\u53d1\u8d22\u201d\u4e4b\u8bf4\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6709\u6839\u636e\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u6d0b\u884c\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u732e\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u8981\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u8bc1\u6f58\u4ed5\u6210\u7684\u6d0b\u5546\u8eab\u4efd\u53ca\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u6d0b\u5546\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u53d1\u6398\u66f4\u591a\u8d44\u6599\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u9053\u5149<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u8006\u82f1<\/p>\n

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\u4e09\u3001 \u6f58\u4ed5\u6210\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u8bbc\u4e8b\u4e0e\u53bb\u4e16<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u7701\u57ce\u7684\u9ad8\u5b98\u5bf9\u6f58\u4ed5\u6210\u6709\u6240\u540c\u60c5\uff0c\u603b\u7763\u745e\u9e9f\u8981\u6c42\u675c\u51e4\u6cbb\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u8981\u8bbe\u6cd5\u8ba9\u6f58\u94ed\u52cb\u5230\u6848\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u51fa\u82b1\u7ea2\u62ff\u4e4b\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u79df\u8d41\u8fd9\u4e9b\u623f\u4ea7\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u5e97\u6237\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u6c99\u5ba3\u201c\u7ba1\u4e1a\u201d\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u9a7b\u5e7f\u5dde\u9886\u4e8b\u8bb8\u58eb\uff08P. J. Hughes\uff09\u51fa\u9762\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u7167\u4f1a\u5e7f\u5dde\u5404\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u5b97\u8bbc\u6848\u590d\u6742\u5316\u3002\u675c\u51e4\u6cbb\u6b64\u65f6\u624d\u8ba4\u771f\u67e5\u9605\u524d\u4efb\u6848\u5377\uff0c\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u8fd9\u5b97\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u201c\u4e8c\u4e07\u4e03\u5343\u4e03\u767e\u5341\u4e24\uff0c\u5171\u94fa\u5c4b\u516d\u5341\u516b\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u8d53\u98cf\u6536\u4e861800\u591a\u4e24\u7a0e\u5951\u94f6\u3002\u745e\u9e9f\u6307\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u6c99\u5ba3\u660e\u4e70\u660e\u5356\uff0c\u7406\u5e94\u5f52\u4e4b\u3002\u6f58\u59d3\u53d4\u4f84\uff0c\u540a\u770b\u4e0a\u624b\u5951\uff0c\u53e6\u884c\u65ad\u5f52\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u8c01\u77e5\u6848\u60c5\u53c8\u8d77\u65b0\u6ce2\u6f9c\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u8d75\u7f57\u4f2f\uff08R. G. W Jewell\uff09\u7167\u4f1a\u745e\u9e9f\uff0c\u79f0\u6f58\u94ed\u52cb\u51fa\u552e\u7ed9\u6c99\u5ba3\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u201c\u5185\u6709\u5415\u5b8b\u9986\u57fa\u5730\uff0c\u65e9\u7ecf\u6f58\u5fb7\u8206\u5178\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u7ecf\u524d\u5357\u6d77\u77e5\u53bf\u67e5\u660e\u51c6\u5178\uff0c\u4e14\u6709\u5951\u7a0e\u201d\u3002\u4ece\u745e\u9e9f\u5230\u675c\u51e4\u6cbb\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6f58\u4ed5\u6210\u3001\u6f58\u94ed\u52cb\u53d4\u4f84\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u610f\u628a\u8bbc\u6848\u6d89\u5165\u6d0b\u4eba\uff0c\u201c\u660e\u7cfb\u4ee5\u6d0b\u4eba\u631f\u5236\u5b98\u957f\u201d\uff1b\u4f46\u53c8\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u5c3d\u91cf\u6ee1\u8db3\u82f1\u3001\u7f8e\u9886\u4e8b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u540c\u6cbb<\/p>\n

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