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id=\"1MCUVGVS\">\u81ea\u8bde\u751f\u4e4b\u65e5\u8d77\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u7ecf\u53d7\u4f4f\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u5b83\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVGVT\">\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u53ea\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5f15\u529b\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a<strong>\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u8fd0\u8f6c\u53ef\u4e0d\u5355\u5355\u662f\u9760\u5f15\u529b\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVGVV\"><strong>02<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH00\"><strong>\u529b\u7684\u7edf\u4e00<\/strong><\/p>\n<p 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id=\"1MCUVH0B\">\u81ea\u6b64\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6267\u5ff5\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u4ed6\u5fc3\u91cc\u751f\u6839\u53d1\u82bd\uff0c\u5e76\u51e0\u4e4e\u652f\u914d\u4e86\u4ed6\u540e\u534a\u751f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u4e24\u79cd\u770b\u4f3c\u516b\u7aff\u5b50\u6253\u4e0d\u7740\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u2014\u2014\u7535\u78c1\u529b\u548c\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>\u5e7f\u4e49\u5f15\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH0C\">\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5355\u662f\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5fb7\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u5916\u5c14\uff08Hermann Weyl\uff09\u4ece\u6570\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u63a8\u5e7f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u7684<strong>\u9ece\u66fc\u51e0\u4f55\u5b66<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u7535\u78c1\u7406\u8bba\u7eb3\u5165\u5230\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH0D\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5916\u5c14\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5341\u5206\u590d\u6742\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F6f9d5b8dj00rsj4pt001hc00064006cm.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH0F\">1919\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fb7\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u5361\u9c81\u624e\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u5f15\u5165<strong>\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/strong>\u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u65b9\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7535\u78c1\u573a\u7684\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\u7adf\u7136\u81ea\u5df1\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH0G\">\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d1\u73b0\u5341\u5206\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u4e94\u7ef4\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e0b\uff0c\u7535\u78c1\u529b\u548c\u5f15\u529b\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u529b\u5728<strong>\u964d\u7ef4\uff08\u4ece\u4e94\u7ef4\u5230\u56db\u7ef4\uff09<\/strong>\u540e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH0H\">\u5728\u5361\u9c81\u624e\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u65f6\u7a7a\u7531<strong>\u56db\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4<\/strong>\u7ef4\u5ea6\u548c<strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong>\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u56fa\u6709\u601d\u7ef4\u53bb\u60f3\u8c61\u6216\u753b\u51fa\u6765\u7684<strong>\u4e94\u7ef4\u5706\u67f1\u4f53<\/strong>\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u65f6\u7a7a\u4fbf\u5904\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5706\u67f1\u4f53\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2Fdb05435ap00rsj4pt000ec000430050m.png&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH0J\">\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u5177\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5b8c\u5168\u8d85\u8d8a\u5e38\u8bc6\uff08\u65e5\u5e38\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u7406\u8bba\u65f6\u7a7a\u89c2\u62d3\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u4f60\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u76f4\u89c9\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u884c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u516c\u5f0f\uff09\u4e2d\u53bb\u4f53\u4f1a\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5965\u79d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH0K\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u80c6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7b49\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4eba\uff0c\u540c\u671f\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec<strong>\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u6709\u4e94\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/strong>\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u65b0\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u2014\u2014<strong>\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F45ac6193j00rsj4pv004xc000ev0087m.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH0M\">\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u7b97\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8109\u7edc\u5374\u6709\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH0N\">\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u662f\u7531\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766<strong>\u5355\u67aa\u5339\u9a6c<\/strong>\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u5b87\u5b99\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684<strong>\u6210\u719f\u7684<\/strong>\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5c11\u4e0d\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u529f\u52b3\uff09\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u4e00\u51fa\u573a\u5373\u5dc5\u5cf0\uff01<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH0O\">\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u4eba\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u642d\u5efa\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u76f4\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd<strong>\u4e0d\u6210\u719f<\/strong>\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766<strong>\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u53ef<\/strong>\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH0P\">\u867d\u7136\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u201c\u4fe1\u5f92\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u8fc5\u731b\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc5\u7136\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u8ffd\u5bfb\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH0Q\">1926\u5e74\uff0c\u745e\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u514b\u83b1\u56e0\uff08Oskar Klein\uff09\u5bf9\u5361\u9c81\u624e\u7684\u4e94\u7ef4\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u878d\u5408\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5047\u8bbe\u65b0\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6<strong>\u5377\u66f2\u6210\u4e86\u7279\u522b\u5c0f\u7684\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5706\u5708\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH0R\">\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e94\u7ef4\u7684\u5706\u67f1\u4f53\u65f6\u7a7a\u6210\u4e86\u56db\u7ef4\u65f6\u7a7a\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH0S\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u60f3\u8c61\u5c06\u4e00\u5f20\u7eb8\uff08\u4e8c\u7ef4\uff09\u7d27\u7d27\u5377\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u5f84\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u5706\u67f1\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u8fdc\u5904\u770b\uff0c\u4f60\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u67f1\u4f53\uff0c\u5b83\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u6761\u7ebf\uff08\u4e00\u7ef4\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F58fd90c5j00rsj4pt001pc000gf004mm.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH0U\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ef4\u5706\u5708\u6709\u591a\u5c0f\u5462\uff1f\u514b\u83b1\u56e0\u4f30\u8ba1\u5176\u534a\u5f84\u53ea\u6709\u4e3a10^-30\u5398\u7c73\u7684\u91cf\u7ea7\uff0c\u662f\u8d28\u5b50\u76f4\u5f84\u768410^19\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6bd4\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5355\u4f4d\u2014\u2014<strong>\u666e\u6717\u514b\u957f\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff081.6\u00d710^-33\u5398\u7c73\uff09\uff0c\u5927\u4e0d\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH0V\">\u5361\u9c81\u624e\u548c\u514b\u83b1\u56e0\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5361\u9c81\u624e-\u514b\u83b1\u56e0\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u5b9e\u9a8c\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6216\u8bc1\u4f2a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u7ad9\u53f0\u548c\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c06\u7cbe\u529b\u6295\u5165\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH10\">\u5982\u4eca\u770b\u6765\uff0c<strong>\u5361\u9c81\u624e-\u514b\u83b1\u56e0\u7406\u8bba<\/strong>\u5177\u6709\u6781\u5176\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u540e\u4e16\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u63a2\u7d22\u201c\u5927\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u65b9\u5411\u2014\u2014<strong>\u5347\u7ef4\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH11\">\u53ef\u5c31\u50cf\u5361\u9c81\u624e\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u201c\u589e\u52a0\u65f6\u7a7a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u540c\u6837\u88ab<strong>\u9664\u4e86\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7b49\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4eba<\/strong>\u5916\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u675f\u4e4b\u9ad8\u9601\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH12\">\u76f4\u5230\u5728\u5218\u6148\u6b23\u7684\u8111\u6d77\u4e2d\u6ce8\u5165<strong>\u201c\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u5341\u4e00\u7ef4\u201d<\/strong>\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u51fa\u73b0\u524d\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5361\u9c81\u624e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u624d\u53c8\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u62fe\u8d77\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u5df2\u662f\u540e\u8bdd\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u5957\u582a\u6bd4\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u5c06\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u5185\uff0c\u62d4\u5730\u800c\u8d77\uff01<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F9ef88d59j00rsj4pv008lc000h4009jm.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH14\"><strong>03<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH15\"><strong>\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH17\">1928\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u547d\u540d\u7684\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u65b9\u7a0b\u6a2a\u7a7a\u51fa\u4e16\uff0c\u5b83\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u5730\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u72ed\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\uff0c\u4ece\u91cf\u5b50\u573a\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6210\u529f\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6240\u6709<strong>\u81ea\u65cb\u4e3a1\/2<\/strong>\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\uff08\u5982\u7535\u5b50\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2Fd2be4642j00rsj4pv009kc000bs00atm.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH19\">\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7c92\u5b50\u4e5f\u88ab\u6210\u4e3a<strong>\u8d39\u7c73\u5b50<\/strong>\uff08\u81ea\u65cb\u4e3a\u534a\u6574\u65701\/2\u30013\/2\u2026\u2026\uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u4e07\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH1A\">1930\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u6ce2\u5c14\u3001\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u3001\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\u3001\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u7b49\u4eba\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F984dc0eaj00rsj4pu002zc000bt008em.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F9e505515j00rsj4pu003vc000a900c2m.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH1E\"><strong>\uff08\u5de6\u8d77\u6ce2\u5c14\u3001\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u3001\u6ce1\u5229\u3001\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u3001\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u3001\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH1F\">\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5728<strong>\u7ecf\u5178\uff08\u975e\u91cf\u5b50\uff09<\/strong>\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u7edf\u4e00\u5f15\u529b\u548c\u7535\u78c1\u529b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c11\uff0c\u8fde\u4e94\u7ef4\u65f6\u7a7a\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u8005\u5361\u9c81\u624e\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u201c\u5f03\u7269\uff08\u7406\uff09\u4ece\u6570\uff08\u5b66\uff09\u201d\uff0c<strong>\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5b64\u7acb\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH1G\">\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6b63\u5728\u88ab\u201c\u91cf\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u6625\u98ce\u91cd\u65b0\u5851\u9020\uff0c\u800c\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u7684\u6210\u679c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff1a\u539f\u6765<strong>\u5fae\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u7406\u8bba\u878d\u5408\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH1I\"><strong>04<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH1J\"><strong>QED<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH1L\">\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c<strong>\u201c\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u201d\u6539\u9020<\/strong>\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u6446\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u9762\u524d\u7684\u66f4\u7d27\u8feb\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6781\u81f4\u6210\u719f\u7684\u3001\u63cf\u8ff0\u7535\u78c1\u573a\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u7535\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff08\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u7406\u8bba\uff09\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u9996\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH1M\">\u540c\u6837\u8fd8\u662f\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u8fc8\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86<strong>\u5c06\u7535\u78c1\u573a\u91cf\u5b50\u5316<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u5176\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u201c\u8c10\u632f\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u7c92\u5b50\u7684<strong>\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u6e6e\u706d<\/strong>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F2fbf37f9j00rsj4pt0014c000fc007gm.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH1O\">\u800c\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u6279\u53c8\u4e00\u6279\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u524d\u8d74\u540e\u7ee7\u30021940\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u8d39\u66fc\uff08Richard Feynman\uff09\u3001\u65bd\u6e29\u683c\uff08Julian Schwinger\uff09\u3001\u671d\u6c38\u632f\u4e00\u90ce\uff08Sin-Itiro Tomonaga\uff09\u5404\u81ea\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5c06\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u7535\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u573a\u8bba\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u2014\u2014<strong>\u91cf\u5b50\u7535\u52a8\u529b\u5b66QED<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F6730267dj00rsj4pw0078c000jj00b0m.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH1Q\">QED\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u7535\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u6027\u91cf\u5b50\u573a\u8bba\u3002\u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86<strong>\u5149\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28<\/strong>\uff08\u5e26\u7535\u7c92\u5b50\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u73b0\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u72ed\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u5b8c\u5168\u878d\u5408\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH1R\">\u800c\u5728\u53d1\u5c55QED\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u9010\u6e10\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ea\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u548c\u7535\u78c1\u529b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u79cd\u4ec5\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u529b\u2014\u2014<strong>\u5f31\u529b<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u5f3a\u529b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH1T\"><strong>05<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH1U\"><strong>EWT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH20\"><strong>\u5f31\u529b\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u5f31<\/strong>\uff0c\u5176\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f3a\u5ea6\u53ea\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7535\u78c1\u529b\u7684\u5343\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f46\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5f31\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5a01\u529b\u5f31\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4f60\u770b\u5e7f\u5c9b\u3001\u957f\u5d0e\u3001\u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F57102abej00rsj4pv00a2c000dc009dm.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH22\">\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6838\u7206\u8fd8\u662f\u6838\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6050\u6016\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u8f90\u5c04\uff0c\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u8f90\u5c04\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u81ea\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8bf4\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u6b63\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5f31\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH23\">1896\u5e74\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8d1d\u514b\u52d2\u5c14\u548c\u739b\u4e3d\u5c45\u91cc\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u548c\u5929\u7136\u94c0\u76d0\u77ff\u77f3\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u76f8\u673a\u5e95\u7247\u5728\u9634\u6697\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7adf\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u66dd\u5149\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u9996\u6b21\u53d1\u73b0\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u8870\u53d8\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4fd7\u79f0\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH24\">\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5362\u745f\u798f\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8870\u53d8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\uff0c<strong>\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8870\u53d8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5c04\u7ebf\u7adf\u7136\u51fa\u81ea\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5185\u90e8\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH25\">\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH26\">\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7d27\u9523\u5bc6\u9f13\u5730\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d1\u73b0\u8870\u53d8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5c04\u7ebf\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u03b1\u3001\u03b2\u3001\u03b3\u5c04\u7ebf\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5e26\u6b63\u7535\u7684\u6c26\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u3001\u5e26\u8d1f\u7535\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u3001\u4e0d\u5e26\u7535\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH27\">\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c92\u5b50\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u4ece\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5185\u5c04\u51fa\uff1f<strong>\u4ec0\u4e48\u529b\u91cf<\/strong>\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\uff1f<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH28\">1933\u5e74\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8d39\u7c73\uff08Enrico Fermi\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5c1d\u8bd5\u89e3\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014<strong>\u56db\u8d39\u7c73\u5b50<\/strong>\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u79f0\u8d39\u7c73\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u03b2\u5c04\u7ebf\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f46\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c<strong>\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F5fdcb0e9j00rsj4pt001wc000a0006tm.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH2A\"><strong>\uff08\u03b2\u8870\u53d8\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b50\u5c04\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u53cd\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u540e\u53d8\u4e3a\u8d28\u5b50\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH2B\">\u5e78\u597d\uff0cQED\u7684\u6210\u529f\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u6a21\u8303\u548c\u5f15\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u5f31\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u201c\u7167\u732b\u753b\u864e\u201d\u5730\u6cbf\u7740\u91cf\u5b50\u573a\u8bba\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u63a8\u8fdb\u3002\u4f46\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u90a3\u4e2a\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u627e\u53c8\u662f\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH2C\">1959\u5e74\uff0c\u683c\u62c9\u8096\uff08Sheldon Glashow\uff09\u3001\u8428\u62c9\u59c6\uff08Abdus Salam\uff09\u548c\u6c83\u5fb7\uff08John Clive Ward\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7535\u78c1\u529b\u548c\u5f31\u529b\u76f8\u4e92\u878d\u5408\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5f31\u529b\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u547c\u4e4b\u6b32\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH2D\">\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4f20\u9012\u7535\u78c1\u529b\u76840\u8d28\u91cf\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u4f20\u9012\u5f31\u529b\u7684W\u3001Z\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u9700\u8981\u6709\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u683c\u62c9\u8096\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e00\u8981\u6c42\uff01<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH2E\">\u5018\u82e5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u591a\u4e48\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u81ea\u5706\u5176\u8bf4\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4ecd\u5c06\u6539\u53d8\u4e0d\u4e86\u88ab\u6254\u8fdb\u5783\u573e\u6876\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH2F\">\u5e78\u597d\uff0c\u5929\u964d\u4e00\u7fa4\u731b\u7537\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH2G\">\u51e0\u4e4e\u5728\u540c\u65f6\u6bb5\u768450\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u300160\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u4ee5\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u591a\u540d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u8d4b\u4e88\u8d28\u91cf\u7684<strong>\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u5de7\u5999\u4e0e\u795e\u5947\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u4e3a\u5b83\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86<strong>\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7c92\u5b50<\/strong>\u7684\u79f0\u53f7\uff01<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH2H\">\u968f\u540e\u76841967\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6e29\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Steven Weinberg\uff09\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u5229\u7528\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u673a\u5236\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u4e2dW\u3001Z\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u8d77\u6e90\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f7f\u878d\u5408\u7535\u78c1\u529b\u548c\u5f31\u529b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014<strong>\u7535\u5f31\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u8bbaEWT<\/strong>\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2Fee0bea4aj00rsj4pv005zc000hm00a2m.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH2J\">\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u5f31\u529b\u7684\u5965\u79d8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u5f00\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u66f4\u662f\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u9057\u5fd7\uff08\u7edf\u4e00\u7535\u78c1\u529b\u548c\u5f15\u529b\uff09\uff1a\u5728\u56db\u7ef4\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e0b<strong>\u7edf\u4e00\u4e86\u7535\u78c1\u529b\u548c\u5f31\u529b\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH2K\"><strong>\u7535\u5f31\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u8bba<\/strong>\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7535\u78c1\u529b\u548c\u5f31\u529b\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u529b\uff0c\u5728246GeV\u7684<strong>\u7535\u5f31\u80fd\u91cf\u6807\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0a<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u5408\u4e8c\u4e3a\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH2L\">\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c246GeV\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u592a\u5c0f\u4e86\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u53ea\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e10^-14\u5ea6\u7535\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u4e00\u822c\u4e86\uff01\u60f3\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5df2\u7ecf\u548c\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u901f\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u5149\u901f\uff0c\u76f8\u5dee\u65e0\u51e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F74f47085j00rsj4pw004pc000jo00cqm.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH2N\">\u4f46\u8bdd\u8bf4\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u5df2\u7ecf\u81a8\u80c0\u4e86\u767e\u4ebf\u5e74\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u80fd\u91cf\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u529b\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u7ecf\u201c\u9000\u5316\u201d\u6210\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u516b\u7aff\u5b50\u6253\u4e0d\u7740\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F9ffa6302j00rsj4py00src000ol00gym.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH2P\">\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u5f31\u529b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9<strong>\u5f3a\u529b<\/strong>\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5219\u8981\u665a\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH2R\"><strong>06<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH2S\"><strong>QCD<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH2U\">1950\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6c14\u6ce1\u5ba4\u548c\u706b\u82b1\u5ba4\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u4e14\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u540e\u6765\u6240\u8bf4\u7684<strong>\u5f3a\u5b50<\/strong>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4ecb\u5b50\u548c\u91cd\u5b50\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH2V\">\u4ece\u76f4\u89c9\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u7c92\u5b50\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F51635ef5j00rsj4pt002nc0008w0067m.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH31\"><strong>\u6c14\u6ce1\u5ba4\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F649c13e7j00rsj4pv007hc000e7009mm.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH33\"><strong>\u706b\u82b1\u5ba4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH34\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c92\u5b50\u5206\u7c7b\u5e76\u627e\u51fa\u5b83\u4eec\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7f8e\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u76d6\u5c14\u66fc\uff08Murray Gell-Mann\uff09\u57281964\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684<strong>\u5938\u514b\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\u8131\u9896\u800c\u51fa\u5e76\u88ab\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f53\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5927\u53a6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u77f3\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH35\">\u5728\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5938\u514b\u662f\u7ec4\u6210\u5f3a\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u3002\u5b83\u5171\u6709\u4e09\u4ee3\u516d\u5473\uff08flavor\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff09\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4e0a\uff08u\uff09\u3001\u4e0b\uff08d\uff09\uff1b\u7cb2\uff08c\uff09\u3001\u5947\uff08s\uff09\uff1b\u9876\uff08t\uff09\u3001\u5e95\uff08b\uff09\u5938\u514b\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH36\">\u4ecb\u5b50\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5938\u514b\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5938\u514b\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u77ed\u5bff\u547d\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7c92\u5b50\u3002\u91cd\u5b50\u662f\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u5938\u514b\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u201c\u6b63\u5e38\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u7269\u8d28\u201d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5185\u7684\u8d28\u5b50\u548c\u4e2d\u5b50\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u8d28\u5b50\u75312\u4e2a\u4e0a\u5938\u514b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a1\u5938\u514b\u7ec4\u6210\uff1b\u4e2d\u5b50\u5219\u75311\u4e2a\u4e0a\u5938\u514b\uff0c2\u4e2a\u4e0b\u5938\u514b\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2Fefb2a32dj00rsj4pt000mc000640064m.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH38\"><strong>\u8d28\u5b50<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F306b4be8j00rsj4pt000rc0006y006ym.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH3A\"><strong>\u4e2d\u5b50<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH3B\">\u5938\u514b\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5f3a\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5f3a\u529b\u662f\u56db\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u529b\u4e2d\u6700\u5f3a\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f3a\u5ea6\u662f\u7535\u78c1\u529b\u7684100\u500d\uff0c\u5f31\u529b\u7684\u5341\u4e07\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH3C\">\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5f3a\u529b\u592a\u5f3a\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5b83\u5728\u4f7f\u5938\u514b\u7ed3\u5408\u540e\u7684<strong>\u5269\u4f59\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>\u8fd8\u80fd\u5c06\uff08\u591a\u4e2a\uff09\u8d28\u5b50\u548c\uff08\u591a\u4e2a\uff09\u4e2d\u5b50\u5446\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f3a\u529b\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH3D\">1971\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\uff08SLAC\u5173\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u975e\u5f39\u6027\u6563\u5c04\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff09\uff0c\u76d6\u5c14\u66fc\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u91cc\u5947\uff08Harald Fritzsch\uff09\u7c7b\u6bd4\u7535\u8377\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86<strong>\u201c\u8272\u8377\u201d<\/strong>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2Fb05af440j00rsj4pw00gfc000gx00b4m.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH3F\"><strong>SLAC\u63a2\u6d4b\u5668\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ece\u9ad8\u80fd\u8d28\u5b50\u78b0\u649e\u540e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7535\u5b50<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH3G\">\u5938\u514b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e26\u7535\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e26\u8272\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5e26\u7535\u8377\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u7535\u78c1\u529b\uff08\u573a\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e26\u8272\u8377\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5f3a\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p 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Model\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2Fcb183bbcj00rsj4pv0056c000du009km.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH3K\"><strong>\u53ea\u5269\u5f15\u529b\u4e86\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH3M\"><strong>07<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH3N\"><strong>\u5b87\u5b99\u7434\u5f26<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH3P\">\u5f15\u529b\u592a\u5fae\u5f31\u4e86\uff0c\u5fae\u5f31\u5230\u53ea\u662f\u5f31\u529b\u76841\/10^33\uff0c\u5f3a\u529b\u76841\/10^38\uff01<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH3Q\">\u5b83\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6700\u65e9\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u7406\u8bba\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u529b\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5374\u53cd\u800c\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u6700\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH3R\">\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u65e9\u5728\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u5c31\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u5f15\u529b\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u5c31\u50cf\u5b83\u7684\u7f14\u9020\u8005\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5c06\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u62d2\u4e8e\u5343\u91cc\u4e4b\u5916\u3002<strong>\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002<\/strong>\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH3S\">\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ed9\u51fa<strong>\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u7406\u8bba<\/strong>\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06\u5f15\u529b\u540c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e09\u79cd\u529b\u7eb3\u5165\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u8ffd\u9010\u534a\u751f\u7684\u68a6\u2014\u2014\u7edf\u4e00\u6240\u6709\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH3T\">\u53d7\u65f6\u4ee3\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6240\u9650\u7684\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5f31\u529b\u548c\u5f3a\u529b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e14\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ed6\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u5c42\u9762\u7edf\u4e00\u5f15\u529b\u548c\u7535\u78c1\u529b\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u662f\u7247\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ce8\u5b9a\u662f\u5f92\u52b3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p 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id=\"1MCUVH40\">20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7a81\u7136\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u5728\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u4e2a\u53eb<strong>\u5361\u9c81\u624e<\/strong>\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e865\u7ef4\u65f6\u7a7a\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u7406\u8bba\uff01\u5982\u6b64\u5929\u624d\u822c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u7ed9\u4eca\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F6da89fa6j00rsj4pw006ic000bu00hvm.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH42\">\u662f\u554a\uff01\u56db\u7ef4\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e0b\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06\u5f15\u529b\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\uff0c\u4f46<strong>\u8c01\u8bf4\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ea\u67094\u7ef4\u554a\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH43\">\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u548c<strong>\u8d85\u5bf9\u79f0<\/strong>\u7ed3\u5408\u7684<strong>\u9ad8\u7ef4\u7406\u8bba<\/strong>\u2014\u2014<strong>\u8d85\u5f15\u529b\u7406\u8bba<\/strong>\uff0c\u88ab\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH44\">\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u56db\u7ef4\u65f6\u7a7a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u65f6\u7a7a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7ef4\u5ea6\u505a\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4efb\u610f\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u573a\u5199\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u4f46\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bfc\u51fa\u7684\u8d85\u5f15\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u5374\u5bf9\u65f6\u7a7a\u7ef4\u6570\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u5e94\u8be5\u662f<strong>11\u7ef4\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH45\">\u6709\u9650\u5236\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u574f\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u60f3\u65e0\u5934\u82cd\u8747\u822c\u968f\u610f\u5047\u8bbe\u65f6\u7a7a\u7ef4\u6570\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u53ea\u5173\u6ce811\u7ef4\u5c31\u591f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH46\">\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e0c\u671b\u627e\u5230\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5c0611\u7ef4\u8d85\u5f15\u529b\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u56db\u7ef4\u65f6\u7a7a\uff0c\u5e76\u987a\u4fbf\u5c06\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u529b\u7edf\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH47\">\u4f46\u4e8b\u4e0e\u613f\u8fdd\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u8d85\u5f15\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7f3a\u9677\u9010\u6b65\u51fa\u73b0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bb9\u7eb3\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u8d39\u7c73\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf911\u7ef4\u8d85\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u7ec8\u4e8e\u8fd8\u662f\u6d88\u6563\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH48\">\u76f4\u5230\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7537\u4eba\u5c0611\u7ef4\u65f6\u7a7a\u5f7b\u5e95\u63a8\u4e0a\u4e86\u201c\u795e\u575b \u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8d77\u6e90\u8fd8\u8981\u4ece1969\u5e74\u8bb2\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH4A\"><strong>08<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH4B\"><strong>\u5f26\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH4D\">\u90a3\u65f6\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5f3a\u529b\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u8272\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u66f4\u662f\u8fd8\u672a\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u53f2\u4e2d\u5360\u6709\u4e00\u5e2d\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f3a\u529b\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH4E\">\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u5357\u90e8\u9633\u4e00\u90ce\uff08Yoichiro Nambu\uff09\u3001\u5c3c\u5c14\u68ee\uff08Holger Bech Nielsen\uff09\u3001\u82cf\u58eb\u4f83\uff08Leonard Susskind\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5c06\u6838\u529b\u8868\u793a\u4e3a<strong>\u632f\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u7ef4\u5f26<\/strong>\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH4F\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f26\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u968f\u77401973 \u5e74\u91cf\u5b50\u8272\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6210\u4e3a\u4e07\u4f17\u77a9\u76ee\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u5f26\u201d\u81ea\u7136\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5f3a\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u5019\u9009\u8005\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH4G\">\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u4e8b\u60c5\u5f00\u59cb\u8d77\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH4H\">1974 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e09\u540d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff08John H. Schwarz\u3001Jo\u00ebl Scherk\u3001Tamiaki Yoneya\uff09\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u7c7b\u632f\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5f26\u4e0e<strong>\u5f15\u529b\u5b50<\/strong>\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5b8c\u5168\u5339\u914d\uff01<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH4I\">\u540e\u8005\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4f20\u64ad\u7535\u78c1\u529b\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u5f31\u529b\u7684W\u3001Z\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u5047\u60f3\u7c92\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH4J\">\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u8ba9\u6c89\u7761\u5728\u4e3b\u6d41\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u91cd\u65b0\u88ab\u5524\u8d77\u2014\u2014<strong>\u5c06\u5f15\u529b\u91cf\u5b50\u5316<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f<strong>\u8d85\u5f15\u529b<\/strong>\u572870\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u6210\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u70ed\u6f6e\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH4K\">\u4e00\u5c0f\u64ae\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u5f26\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f26\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5f00\u5f26\u548c\u95ed\u5f26\u3002\u524d\u8005\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7aef\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u6839<strong>\u7ebf<\/strong>\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u7aef\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>\u73af<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F65add9e7j00rsj4pt0009c00096005km.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH4M\">\u5728\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5f26\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u65f6\u7a7a\u670926\u7ef4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u5218\u6148\u6b23\u7b14\u4e0b\u768411\u7ef4\u8fd8\u80fd\u6709\u4eba\u80e1\u4e71\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a26\u7ef4\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5927\u8111\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u5f7b\u5e95\u662f\u4e00\u56e2\u6d46\u7cca\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH4N\">\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5929\u4f51\u6211\u65b9\u5927\u8111\uff1a<strong>26\u7ef4\u88ab\u629b\u5f03\u5566<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH4O\">\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u65f6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u7c7b<strong>\u8d85\u5149\u901f\u7c92\u5b50<\/strong>\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u2014\u2014<strong>\u5feb\u5b50\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH4P\">\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u660e\u786e\u5c06\u5149\u901f\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u6700\u5feb\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f60\u8d85\u5149\u901f\uff1f\u8001\u7956\u5b97\u4e0d\u7b54\u5e94\u554a\uff01<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH4Q\">\u9664\u6b64\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5f26\u8bba\u4e2d\u53ea\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8d39\u7c73\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7b26\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u91cd\u91cd\u8003\u9a8c\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7b54\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH4R\">\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e00\u65f6\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u5bc4\u4e88\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u91cf\u5b50\u5f15\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5f26\u8bba\u518d\u6b21\u6210\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f<strong>\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH4S\">\u6240\u8c13\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u9664\u4ee50\u7684\u9879\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u91cf\u5b50\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH4T\">\u5f53\u7136\u5566\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0d\u6015\u7406\u8bba\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u603b\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u529e\u6cd5\u53bb\u4fee\u6539\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH4U\">1977\u5e74\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u5b66\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5c06\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u8f6c\u6362\u51fa\u8d39\u7c73\u5b50\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u8d85\u5bf9\u79f0\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u5feb\u5b50\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u81ea\u6d3d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014<strong>\u8d85\u5f26<\/strong>\uff0c\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH4V\">\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684<strong>\u5b87\u5b99\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e5f\u4ece26\u7ef4\u964d\u5230\u4e8610\u7ef4\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH50\">\u800c\u5173\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u96be\u9898\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u5219\u51fa\u73b0\u57281984\u5e74\u3002\u90a3\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u683c\u6797\uff08Michael Boris Green\uff09\u548c\u65bd\u74e6\u8328\uff08John Henry Schwarz\uff09\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F7685e2d3j00rsj4pw0033c000of00c3m.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH52\">\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u7684<strong>Green-Schwarz\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u5f7b\u5e95\u62b5\u6d88\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u5f02\u5e38\u73b0\u8c61\u6d88\u5931\u5566\uff01<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH53\">\u4e00\u8f6e\u7814\u7a76\u70ed\u6f6e\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u51fa\u73b0\u30021984\u2014\u20141994\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6570\u4ee5\u767e\u8ba1\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u8d85\u5f26\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u5305\u62ec\u5f15\u529b\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\uff0c<strong>\u5efa\u7acb\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u8bba<\/strong>\u7684\u6700\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH54\">\u53f2\u79f0<strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8d85\u5f26\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH55\">\u8d85\u5f26\u7406\u8bba\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86<strong>\u6bd4\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u66f4\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5f26<\/strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e2d\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5f26\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u5f26\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u632f\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH56\">\u5728\u90a3\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u60ca\u559c\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\uff08\u516d\u5341\u591a\u4e2a\uff09\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u632f\u52a8\u7684\u5f26\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u5f26\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u632f\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7531\u5f26\u632f\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH57\"><strong>\u8fd9\u54ea\u91cc\u8fd8\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5206\u660e\u662f\u827a\u672f\u554a\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH58\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8d85\u5f26\u9769\u547d\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5171\u6709\u4e94\u79cd\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8d85\u5f26\u7406\u8bba\uff08I \u578b\u3001 II \u578b\uff08IIA\u3001IIB\uff09\u548c\u6742\u5316\u578b\uff08SO(32)\u3001E_8 \u00d7 E_8\uff09\uff09\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH59\">\u6210\u679c\u7740\u5b9e\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u4f46\u6362\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u591a\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u597d\u4e8b\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a<strong>\u4e07\u7269\u4e4b\u7406\uff08Theory of Everything\uff09<\/strong>\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u5019\u9009\u8005\u610f\u5473\u7740\u90a3\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u652f\u914d\u7740\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u8fd8\u6ca1\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH5A\">\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51e0\u4e4e\u652f\u914d\u6574\u4e2a\u8d85\u5f26\u9886\u57df\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5927\u89e6\uff0c\u767b\u573a\u5566\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2Fe3047d03j00rsj4pv0069c000bg00bgm.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH5C\">\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u5a01\u817e\uff08Edward Witten\uff09\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5b66\u58eb\uff0c\u505a\u4e86\u8fd1\u4e00\u5e74\u653f\u6cbb\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u5de5\u4f5c\u540e\uff0c\u8f6c\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH5E\"><strong>09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH5F\"><strong>M\u7406\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH5H\">1995\u5e74\uff0c\u5a01\u817e\u5728\u5357\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u5f26\u8bba\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u4e94\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u768410\u7ef4\u8d85\u5f26\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a11\u7ef4\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5a01\u817e\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a<strong>M\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH5I\">\u800c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f<strong>\u5218\u6148\u6b23\u7b14\u4e0b11\u7ef4\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u6e90\u5934\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH5J\">1996\u5e74\uff0c\u5a01\u817e\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd8\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u6210\u578b\u7684M\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u7814\u7a76\u70ed\u6f6e\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8d85\u5f26\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH5K\">\u4e00\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u731c\u6d4bM\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u819c\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002<strong>\u5f26\u7406\u8bba\u7528\u4e00\u7ef4\u7684\u5f26\u66ff\u6362\u96f6\u7ef4\u7684\u70b9\u7c92\u5b50\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3002<\/strong>\u5982\u4eca\uff0c<strong>\u4e00\u7ef4\u7684\u5f26\u53c8\u88ab\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6216\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u819c\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2Fea0a5f0cj00rsj4pt002bc00064006dm.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH5M\">\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5a01\u817e\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3aM\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u5176\u5168\u8c8c\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u559c\u597d\u5c06\u5b83\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e3a\u201c\u9b54\u6cd5\u201d\uff08magic\uff09\u3001\u201c\u795e\u79d8\u201d\uff08mystery\uff09\u6216\u201c\u819c\u201d\uff08membrane\uff09\u3002\u201cM\u201d\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5c31\u7559\u7ed9\u540e\u4eba\u53bb\u89e3\u7b54\u5427\u2026\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH5N\">M\u7406\u8bba\u670911\u4e2a\u65f6\u7a7a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u56db\u7ef4\u65f6\u7a7a\uff1f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5408\u7406\u5730\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u76f8\u6070\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u6cbf\u7528\u4e86\u5f53\u5e74<strong>\u5361\u9c81\u624e-\u514b\u83b1\u56e0\u7406\u8bba<\/strong>\uff0c\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u9664\u4e86\u56db\u7ef4\u65f6\u7a7a\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u4e03\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8737\u7f29\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH5O\">\u5b83\u4eec\u8737\u7f29\u5f97\u592a\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2Fead12d57j00rsj4pv009oc000dl00a7m.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH5Q\">\u4ece\u7eaf\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0cM\u7406\u8bba\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u8d85\u5f26\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u768411\u7ef4\u8d85\u5f15\u529b\u53ec\u56de\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1<strong>\u5b83\u6781\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u671f\u5f85\u5df2\u4e45\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u5f15\u529b\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u56db\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u529b\u7684\u4e07\u7269\u4e4b\u7406\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH5R\">\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u662f\u4e2a\u4ee4\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u63aa\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u548c<strong>\u5361\u9c81\u624e-\u514b\u83b1\u56e0\u7406\u8bba<\/strong>\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ed9\u51fa\u53ef\u88ab\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u9884\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH5S\">\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u5b9e\u9a8c\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u9a8c\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u591a\u4e48\u5389\u5bb3\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u7b97\u5f97\u4e0a\u6570\u5b66\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0cM\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u8d85\u5f26\u7406\u8bba\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u590d\u6742\u6df1\u5965\u8fdc\u975e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u80fd\u638c\u63e1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5bfc\u81f4\u7814\u7a76\u5b83\u7684\u4eba\u5927\u591a\u662f\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH5T\">\u800c\u5a01\u817e\u672c\u4eba\u66f4\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u9996\u4f4d\u83b7\u5f97<strong>\u83f2\u5c14\u5179\u5956\u7ae0<\/strong>\uff08\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\uff09\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F561f499ej00rsj4pw00cvc000es00aym.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH5V\"><strong>\u5927\u536b\u683c\u7f57\u65af\u3001\u5a01\u817e\uff08\u4e2d\uff09\u3001\u970d\u91d1\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u5b5f\u4e70\u7684\u5f26\u8bba\u4f1a\u8bae\uff082001\u5e74\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH60\">\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8bdd\u8bf4\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u5018\u82e5M\u7406\u8bba\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u5a01\u817e\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u6bd4\u80a9\u725b\u987f\u3001\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e4b\u795e\u3002\u4f46\u60f3\u8981\u5c06\u4eba\u9001\u4e0a\u795e\u7684\u5b9d\u5ea7\uff0c\u5c31\u8fdc\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51e0\u5341\u516c\u91cc\u957f\u7684\u5bf9\u649e\u673a\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH62\"><strong>10<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH63\"><strong>\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e4b\u8def<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH65\">\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u8003\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH66\">\u4ece\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH67\">1915\u5e74\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u9884\u6d4b\u592a\u9633\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u661f\u5149\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u504f\u8f6c1.75\u5f27\u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH68\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c1919\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u7231\u4e01\u987f\uff08Arthur Eddington\uff09\u548c\u6234\u68ee\uff08Frank Watson Dyson\uff09\u5206\u522b\u7387\u961f\u524d\u5f80\u897f\u975e\u7684\u666e\u6797\u897f\u6bd4\u5c9b\u548c\u5df4\u897f\u7684\u7d22\u5e03\u62c9\u5c14\u9547\uff0c\u89c2\u6d4b5\u670829\u65e5\u7684\u65e5\u5168\u98df\u5e76\u6d4b\u91cf\u661f\u5149\u7684\u504f\u8f6c\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F7cc560b1j00rsj4pt000rc0008c004zm.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH6A\">\u63a2\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u6211\u4e0d\u8bf4\u5927\u5bb6\u5e94\u8be5\u4e5f\u80fd\u731c\u5230\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u201c\u4e00\u6218\u5c01\u795e\u201d\u3002\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u53d6\u4ee3\u725b\u987f\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u6700\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH6B\">\u9664\u4e86\u661f\u5149\u504f\u8f6c\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u540c\u6837\u9884\u8a00\u4e86\u9ed1\u6d1e\u548c\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u800c\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5a01\u529b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u88ab\u9884\u8a00\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u85cf\u5f97\u6709\u591a\u6df1\uff0c\u7ec8\u5f52\u9003\u4e0d\u4e86\u88ab\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH6C\">2016\u5e742\u6708\uff0c8\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u5efa\u8bbe\uff081994\u2014\u20142002\uff09\uff0c5\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u5927\u4fee\uff082010\u2014\u20142015\uff09\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u603b\u989d\u8fbe6.2\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6fc0\u5149\u5e72\u6d89\u4eea\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u5929\u6587\u53f0LIGO\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u5e03\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u9884\u8a00\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH6D\">\u8be5\u4fe1\u53f7\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ea630\u4e2a\u592a\u9633\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u9ed1\u6d1e\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u8ddd\u5730\u7403\u7ea613\u4ebf\u5149\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F6b8f4effj00rsj4pw0095c000kp00a7m.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2Fbd34be29j00rsj4pw008jc000kp00bnm.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH6H\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b83\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u7528\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8d44\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u649e\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH6I\">\u81ea\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u9886\u57df\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u5b83\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5171\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e8630\u591a\u53f0\u5bf9\u649e\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2F629066f8j00rsj4pu002tc000ce00bsm.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH6K\">\u4ece\u6700\u521d\u5468\u957f\u53ea\u67093\u7c73\u7684\u6b63\u8d1f\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\u649e\u673aAdA\uff08\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff1b1961\u20141964\uff09\uff0c\u5230\u5982\u4eca27\u516c\u91cc\u957f\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5f3a\u5b50\u5bf9\u649e\u673aLHC\uff08\u6b27\u6d32\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5408\u4f5c\uff1b2010\u2014\u4eca\uff09\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u8f85\u76f8\u6210\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u578b\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u5c31\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH6L\">1974\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u65af\u5766\u798f\u76f4\u7ebf\u52a0\u901f\u5668\u4e2d\u5fc3 (SLAC) \u7684\u76f4\u7ebf\u5bf9\u649e\u673a\uff08<strong>\u957f3.2\u516c\u91cc\uff09<\/strong>\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7531\u6b63\u53cd\u7cb2\u5938\u514b\u7ec4\u6210\u7684J 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id=\"1MCUVH6Q\">2013\u5e74\uff0c\u5efa\u8bbe\u5468\u671f\u957f\u8fbe10\u5e74\uff0c\u8017\u8d44\u8d85\u767e\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684LHC<strong>\uff08\u5468\u957f27\u516c\u91cc\uff09<\/strong>\u5ba3\u5e03\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u9884\u8a00\u7684\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u578b\u5f97\u4ee5\u5706\u6ee1\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0403%2Ff0a97564j00rsj4pv00blc000fi008qm.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH6S\"><strong>\u4f46\u8fd9\u8fd8\u8fdc\u4e0d\u662f\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u7ec8\u70b9\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH6U\"><strong>11<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH6V\"><strong>\u4e07\u7269\u4e4b\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH71\">\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u8ffd\u6c42\u65e9\u5728\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u5c31\u88ab\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u7edf\u4e00\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5b5c\u5b5c\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u5723\u676f\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH72\">\u5b87\u5b99\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5947\u70b9\uff08\u7406\u8bba\u5047\u8bbe\uff09\u7206\u70b8\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5934\u9876\u7684\u661f\u7a7a\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8109\u7edc\u90fd\u9075\u5faa\u7740\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u652f\u914d\u6240\u6709\u529b\u7684\u4e07\u7269\u4e4b\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p 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id=\"1MCUVH78\">\u00b7\u4ec0\u4e48\u529b\u91cf\u6216\u673a\u5236\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u6d88\u5931\uff08\u8737\u7f29\uff09\uff1f<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH79\">\u00b7\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u5417\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u8bdd\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ec0\u4e48\u6761\u4ef6\uff1f<\/p>\n<p id=\"1MCUVH7A\">\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u540e\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u50cf<strong>\u8ffd\u6c42\u53ef\u63a7\u6838\u805a\u53d8<\/strong>\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u53bb\u5f00\u53d1\u652f\u914d\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u65f6\u7a7a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p 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