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\u6765\u6e90: \u300a\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u4ee5\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u8feb\u5bb3\u4e3a\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6e05\u6d17\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u3001\u8457\u540d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u52b3\u5c14(Max von Laue)\u66fe\u7ecf\u52c7\u6562\u5730\u7ad9\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5411\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5f53\u5c40\u6297\u8bae\u8fd9\u573a\u6e05\u6d17\u8fd0\u52a8\u7ed9\u5fb7\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9020\u6210\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u56de\u7b54\u4ed6\u7684\uff1a\u201d\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u64a4\u9500\u6216\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9a71\u9010\u72b9\u592a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u610f\u5473\u7740\u73b0\u4ee3\u5fb7\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6bc1\u706d\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u5c81\u6708\u91cc\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u63a8\u884c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u5427\uff01\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u52b3\u5c14<\/p>\n

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\u5f62\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c40\u9762\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u63a5\u53d7\u56fd\u6240\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u5c97\u4f4d\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u6d41\u4ea1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u4e00\u822c\u96be\u6c11\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u96be\u6c11\u7684\u8fd9\u573a\u6d41\u4ea1\u80fd\u5426\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u5426\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u6325\u5404\u81ea\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u56fd\u80fd\u5426\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u5728\u9ad8\u6821\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c97\u4f4d\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9ad8\u6821\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u7b49\u7ea7\u4e0a\u7684\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e0a\u7684\u975e\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u9000\u51fa\u4e86\u9ad8\u6821\u957f\u671f\u5c97\u4f4d\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u7684\u884c\u5217\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u6d41\u4ea1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u901a\u8fc7\u6765\u81ea\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u88ab\u5b89\u7f6e\u5728\u9ad8\u6821\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u5c97\u4f4d\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u6ca6\u9677\u7684\u6700\u540e\u7ed3\u679c\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ea\u662f\u5145\u5f53\u4e86\u6d41\u4ea1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6700\u521d\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u907f\u96be\u6240\u548c\u7ee7\u7eed\u6d41\u4ea1\u7684\u8fc7\u5883\u56fd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u6d41\u4ea1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e76\u80fd\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u6325\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u529f\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u5728\u8058\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u66f4\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5177\u6709\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u7a76\u7adf\u80fd\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u591a\u5c11\u9644\u52a0\u6027\u5c97\u4f4d\uff1f\u4e8c\u662f\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0a\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u60df\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u624d\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\u6d41\u4ea1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n

20\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u201d\u53ea\u670916\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u548c45603\u540d\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u52301938-1939\u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fc7\u670950002\u540d\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u57281935-1936\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u5e08\u4e3a3504\u4eba\uff0c\u52301938-1939\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a3994\u4eba\u3002\u201d \u8fd9\u79cd\u9ad8\u6821\u7684\u4e0d\u666f\u6c14\u4ee5\u53ca\u62db\u751f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u505c\u6ede\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u63a5\u7eb3\u5fb7\u56fd\u6d41\u4ea1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6700\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u201d\u6c11\u65cf\u7cbe\u82f1\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u5ff5\u201d\u4e5f\u660e\u663e\u5730\u5c06\u5b83\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u533a\u522b\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u5ff5\u5c06\u201d\u57f9\u517b\u56fd\u5bb6\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u6559\u5e08\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u53d7\u6d2a\u5821\u6559\u80b2\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u662f\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u653e\u5728\u6559\u5e08\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002\u52a0\u4e4b\u82f1\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7684\u62db\u751f\u89c4\u6a21\u6781\u5c0f\uff0c\u201d\u535a\u58eb\u8003\u8bd5\u548c\u535a\u58eb\u5934\u8854\u76f4\u52301918\u5e74\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u5f15\u5165\u30021930\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u53ea\u67092100\u540d\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5728\u653b\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5b89\u7f6e\u66f4\u591a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u6d41\u4ea1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u963b\u788d\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u8bfe(seminar)\u6559\u5b66\u6cd5\u5386\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u57f9\u517b\u7814\u7a76\u578b\u4eba\u624d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u3002\u201d\u00a0\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u3001\u72ed\u7a84\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u4f53\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e76\u975e\u610f\u5473\u7740\u82f1\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4e0d\u51c6\u5907\u5e2e\u52a9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u906d\u5230\u9a71\u9010\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u540c\u884c\u3002\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fb7\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8868\u8fbe\u540c\u60c5\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u30021933\u5e745\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957f\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u8d1d\u5f17\u91cc\u5947(William Beveridge)\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e2e\u52a9\u5fb7\u56fd\u6d41\u4ea1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u6027\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\u5b66\u8005\u63f4\u52a9\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u201d\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u6d41\u4ea1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u91cc\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u548c\u56fd\u5916\u627e\u5230\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4e9b\u3002\u201d \u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8fd8\u4e8e5\u670822\u65e5\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u754c\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u548c\u77e5\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u8054\u5408\u7b7e\u7f72\u7684\u58f0\u660e\uff1a\u201d\u6211\u4eec\u7b79\u63aa\u7684\u6b3e\u9879\uff0c\u5c06\u9996\u5148\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u90a3\u4e9b\u906d\u53d7\u9a71\u9010\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u751f\u8ba1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u521b\u9020\u6761\u4ef6\u2026\u2026\u6211\u4eec\u60df\u4e00\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u51cf\u8f7b\u82e6\u96be\uff0c\u634d\u536b\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u4f53\u5236\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e2e\u52a9\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u77ed\u671f\u6027\u5c97\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u592a\u591a\u7684\u957f\u671f\u6027\u5c97\u4f4d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u6d41\u4ea1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u9996\u5148\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6536\u5bb9\u6e2f\u3001\u8fc7\u5883\u56fd\u6765\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6d41\u4ea1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2a\u4eba\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u5916\u8bed\u8bed\u79cd\u548c\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5176\u6d41\u4ea1\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u80fd\u8bb2\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u60f3\u6d41\u4ea1\u5230\u82f1\u8bed\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u53bb\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u6cd5\u8bed\u638c\u63e1\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u60f3\u6d41\u4ea1\u5230\u6cd5\u8bed\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u53bb\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5916\u8bed\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u60f3\u6d41\u4ea1\u5230\u745e\u58eb\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u3002\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u57281933\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201d\u516b\u65b9\u6765\u671d\u201d\u7684\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6d41\u4ea1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ee5\u524d\u4ece\u672a\u60f3\u5230\u8fc7\u8981\u79fb\u5c45\u6d77\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u3001\u6216\u662f\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e2\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u4e60\u4fd7\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u5b83\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u6781\u5c11\u7684\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u82f1\u8bed\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u5371\u5c40\u7684\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u66f4\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u638c\u63e1\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u800c\u5e74\u9f84\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u5219\u201d\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u8fd8\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u964c\u751f\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u964c\u751f\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6001\u5ea6\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u66f4\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u6d41\u4ea1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u4e13\u4e1a\u4e0a\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u56fd\u6279\u51c6\u5165\u5883\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u6bd4\u524d\u8005\u66f4\u4e3a\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u3002\u52a0\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u56fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u82f1\u3001\u7f8e\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5982\u5fb7\u56fd\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8058\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u804c\u4e1a\u7ade\u4e89\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u963b\u529b\u8981\u5c0f\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u800c\u4eba\u6587\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4e13\u4e1a\u65b9\u5411\u6781\u5927\u5730\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6700\u521d\u4e13\u4e1a\u4e0a\u7684\u201d\u5931\u8bed\u6027\u201d\u3002\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u56f0\u96be\u9700\u8981\u514b\u670d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8fd9\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u65f6\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u53e3\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\u4e0b\u5f15\u8d77\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u666e\u904d\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u5bb6\u751a\u81f3\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u822c\u8981\u6bd4\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u56fd\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u63a5\u7eb3\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6d41\u4ea1\u524d\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u6d41\u4ea1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u56fd\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u51e1\u80fd\u57281933\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u9891\u7e41\u63a5\u89e6\u3001\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u5904\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u524d\u6cbf\u3001\u5e76\u62e5\u6709\u56fd\u9645\u58f0\u8a89\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u81f3\u5c11\u901a\u6653\u4e00\u95e8\u751a\u81f3\u591a\u95e8\u5916\u8bed\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6210\u4e3a\u5916\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u6700\u60f3\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u201d\u62a2\u624b\u8d27\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766(Albert Einstein)\u3001\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u66fc(Thomas Mann)\u7b49\u4eba\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5916\u56fd\u8bb2\u5b66\u671f\u95f4\u5f97\u77e5\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4e0a\u53f0\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u7acb\u5373\u51b3\u5b9a\u6d41\u4ea1\u56fd\u5916\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u63a5\u53d7\u56fd\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e0e\u70ed\u60c5\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766<\/p>\n

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\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u8bb2\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5fb7\u56fd\u6d41\u4ea1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u521d\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u5904\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f18\u5148\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u63a5\u53d7\u56fd\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u5fb7\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u7cbe\u82f1\u90a3\u79cd\u76f8\u5f53\u666e\u904d\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u6e90\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fc7\u53bb\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7f8e\u56fd\u5316\u201d\u7684\u538c\u6076\u4e2d\u6240\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u201d\u6d88\u6781\u9b45\u529b\u201d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5fb7\u56fd\u6d41\u4ea1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6216\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u63a5\u53d7\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u76f8\u5f53\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u5fc3\u60c5\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u201d\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u9636\u7ea7\u969c\u788d\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u793e\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u4e50\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\u8868\u793a\u94a6\u4f69\u548c\u8d5e\u8d4f\uff0c\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u3001\u5bcc\u6709\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6d3b\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7cbe\u795e\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u5fc3\u7406\u4e5f\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u6d41\u4ea1\u4e2d\u9996\u5148\u60f3\u5230\u8981\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9996\u9009\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6d41\u4ea1\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u90bb\u8fd1\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5230\u665a\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u57281938\u5e7411\u6708\u201d\u5e1d\u56fd\u6c34\u6676\u4e4b\u591c\u201d\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6743\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u5185\u90e8\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u5012\u53f0\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u52c9\u5f3a\u5730\u627f\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u65b0\u5f00\u7aef\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5f00\u7aef\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f53\u7136\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\u7684\u524d\u666f\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5bf9\u5185\u53cd\u72b9\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u5bf9\u5916\u6269\u5f20\u653f\u7b56\u8d8a\u662f\u53d8\u5f97\u5f3a\u786c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u5c31\u8d8a\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u7740\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u897f\u6b27\u907f\u96be\u6240\u4e2d\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u79bb\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65e7\u5927\u9646\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u62c5\u5fe7\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u63a5\u53d7\u4e0a\u7684\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u79bb\u5f00\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e0e\u5230\u8fbe\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\n
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\n
\u4e09\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ad8\u6821\u201d\u5bf9\u5916\u6765\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u75c7\u201d<\/strong><\/section>\n
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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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<\/section>\n
1933\u5e744\u6708\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u300a\u91cd\u8bbe\u516c\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u6cd5\u300b\u51fa\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u62a5\u9053\u5fb7\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u91cc\u5f3a\u884c\u89e3\u8058\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u5171\u8206\u8bba\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u540c\u60c5\u51e0\u4e4e\u6beb\u65e0\u4f8b\u5916\u5730\u7ad9\u5728\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\u8005\u4e00\u8fb9\u30025\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u754c\u7684\u9886\u8896\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\u3001\u7ebd\u7ea6\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6240\u957f\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u8fbe\u6839\u672c\u7740\u201d\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u6ca1\u6709\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u754c\u9650\u201d\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u53d1\u8d77\u5e76\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u201d\u63f4\u52a9\u5916\u56fd\u6d41\u4ea1\u5b66\u8005\u7d27\u6025\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d(1938\u5e744\u6708\u5fb7\u56fd\u541e\u5e76\u5965\u5730\u5229\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u201d\u63f4\u52a9\u5916\u56fd\u6d41\u4ea1\u5b66\u8005\u7d27\u6025\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d)\u3002\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u201d\u633d\u6551\u90a3\u4e9b\u56e0\u7eb3\u7cb9\u66b4\u653f\u800c\u88ab\u4ece\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u624d\u80fd\uff0c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u30027\u67085\u65e5\uff0c142\u4f4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u547c\u5401\u5bf9\u6d41\u4ea1\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u7ed9\u4e88\u8d44\u52a9\u3002\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\uff0c7\u670813\u65e5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u5eb7\u5948\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u5229\u6587\u65af\u901a\u00b7\u6cd5\u5170\u5fb7(Livingstone Farrand)\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u201d\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u63f4\u52a9\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u4e5f\u5ba3\u544a\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u5b66\u90fd\u5f88\u7a77\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6cd5\u5170\u5fb7\u9996\u5148\u547c\u5401\u975e\u5927\u4e13\u9662\u6821\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u673a\u6784\u7ed9\u4e88\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u8054\u76df(American University Union)\u201d\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3001\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df4\u683c\u65af\u7279\u5c14\u00b7\u67ef\u6797\u65af(Bagster 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<\/p>\n

\u7f57\u65af\u798f<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u9ad8\u6821\u91cc\uff0c\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u5b64\u7acb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e8b\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65e0\u77e5\uff0c\u6c47\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u6124\u6168\uff0c\u5e76\u9996\u5148\u5728\u53cd\u72b9\u592a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u503e\u5411\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1933\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u5f53\u201d\u793e\u4f1a\u7814\u7a76\u65b0\u5b66\u9662\u201d\u9662\u957f\u963f\u5c14\u6587\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a(Alvin Johnson)\u5411\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u906d\u5230\u9a71\u9010\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u6240\u201d\u6d41\u4ea1\u5927\u5b66\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u613f\u7ed9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u4e2a\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5632\u7b11\u9053\uff1a\u201d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u4eba\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u6d41\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u671f\u671b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u843d\u7a7a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53ea\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\uff1a\u751a\u81f3\u57281938\u5e74\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u541e\u5e76\u5965\u5730\u5229\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u90a3\u4e9b\u70ed\u60c5\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u51c6\u5907\u5e94\u4ed8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u573a\u5927\u96be\u6c11\u6f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u5374\u5728\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u7834\u574f\u8fd9\u79cd\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u4e00\u4efd\u7531\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u53d1\u7ed9\u5404\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u201d\u5bf9\u4f7f\u7528\u6d41\u4ea1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5174\u8da3\uff1f\u201d\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u8868\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9000\u56de\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5927\u5f97\u60ca\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5927\u591a\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u201d\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4ed6\u4eec\uff01\u201d<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ad8\u6821\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u5916\u8c8c\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6c11\u65cf\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2a\u522b\u6d41\u4ea1\u8005\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3e\u6b62\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u8bb8\u591a\u5fb7\u56fd\u6d41\u4ea1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f88\u5feb\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u8eab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201d\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u201d\u548c\u201d\u5916\u6765\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u201d\u53cc\u91cd\u4e0d\u5229\u6761\u4ef6\u201d\u3002\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d41\u4ea1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u8089\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u7c97\u91ce\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u59d4\u5a49\u7684\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6d41\u4ea1\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u6717\u8328\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u4ece\u81ea\u5c0a\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201d\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u592a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6bd4\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd8\u5c11\u4e9b\u3002\u201d\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u50cf\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u5f17\u5170\u514b(James Franck)\u8fd9\u4f4d1925\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u4e5f\u88ab\u970d\u5e03\u91d1\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u6821\u957f\u3001\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u827e\u585e\u963f\u00b7\u9c8d\u66fc(Isaiah Bowmann)\u5f3a\u4ee4\u9010\u51fa\u6821\u56ed\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u6d41\u4ea1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u8d44\u91d1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u63f4\u52a9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u51fa\u4e8e\u7b56\u7565\u4e0a\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u90fd\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u6001\u5ea6\uff1a\u5728\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fbe\u6210\u8de8\u56fd\u534f\u5b9a\u65b9\u9762\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u7acb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u8003\u8651\u7adf\u7136\u8d70\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u8fdc\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e1933\u5e7411\u6708\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6cd5\u4e13\u5bb6\u963f\u5c14\u56fe\u00b7\u52aa\u65af\u9c8d\u59c6(Arthur Nussbaum)\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u8fde\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u9a7b\u5df4\u9ece\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u7279\u857e\u897f\u00b7B. \u57fa\u7279\u91cc\u5947\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5411\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ad8\u6821\u5c0f\u5fc3\u7ffc\u7ffc\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u201d\u957f\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u660e\u663e\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u5916\u8c8c\u201d\u3002\u90a3\u4f4d1932\u5e74\u624d\u53d7\u8058\u4e8e\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8457\u540d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7A. \u718a\u5f7c\u7279(Joseph A. Schumpeter)\uff0c\u4e5f\u66fe\u60f3\u5230\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d7\u5230\u5371\u53ca\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u540c\u884c\u505a\u51fa\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u8003\u8651\u5230\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u91cc\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u201d\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c11\u5730\u8981\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

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