{"id":58727,"date":"2026-07-01T16:32:58","date_gmt":"2026-07-01T08:32:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=58727"},"modified":"2026-07-01T16:32:58","modified_gmt":"2026-07-01T08:32:58","slug":"%e7%b4%a2%e6%af%94%e5%a0%a1%e5%a4%a7%e9%80%83%e4%ba%a1%e5%85%a8%e7%ba%aa%e5%ae%9e%e4%b8%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=58727","title":{"rendered":"\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u5927\u9003\u4ea1\u5168\u7eaa\u5b9e(\u4e00)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6765\u6e90: \u71c3\u70e7\u7684\u5c9b\u7fa4<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0d\u5c11\u672c\u53f7\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u65e9\u5e74\u95f4\u5728\u592e\u89c6\u516d\u5957\u66fe\u7ecf\u770b\u8fc7\u4e00\u90e8\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u7535\u89c6\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u9003\u79bb\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8be5\u7247\u867d\u62cd\u4e8e1987\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u662f\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u6700\u51fa\u5f69\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4e8c\u6218\u8d8a\u72f1\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u7247\u4ea6\u52c7\u593a1987\u5e74\u91d1\u7403\u5956\u6700\u4f73\u77ed\u5267\u96c6\/\u7535\u89c6\u7535\u5f71\u5956\u53ca\u6700\u4f73\u7537\u914d\u89d2\u5956\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u672c\u7247\u57fa\u4e8e\u53f2\u5b9e\u62cd\u6444\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5386\u53f2\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u7535\u5f71\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u52a0\u60ca\u5fc3\u52a8\u9b44\uff0c\u5267\u4e2d\u6570\u540d\u4e3b\u89d2\u539f\u578b\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u547d\u8fd0\u4e5f\u4ee4\u4eba\u550f\u5618\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d44\u6599\u9009\u8f91\u81eayitzhak arad\u5199\u7684\u300abelzec treblinka sobibor\u300b<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u706d\u7edd\u8425\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u96f6\u661f\u7684\u8d8a\u72f1\u8bb0\u5f55<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\uff08Sobibor\uff09\u706d\u7edd\u8425\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u4fee\u5efa\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u83b1\u56e0\u54c8\u7279\u884c\u52a8\u706d\u7edd\u8425\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u5362\u5e03\u6797\u5730\u533a\u3002\u4e07\u6e56\u4f1a\u8bae\u540e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u603b\u7763\u8f96\u533a\uff08\u65e2\u5fb7\u5360\u6ce2\u5170\uff09\u603b\u7763\u6c49\u65af\u00b7\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u7684\u5021\u8bae\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u65e8\u5728\u6d88\u706d\u603b\u7763\u8f96\u533a\u5185228\u4e07\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u83b1\u56e0\u54c8\u7279\u884c\u52a8\u201d\uff08<\/span>Aktion Reinhard<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6c49\u65af\u00b7\u5f17\u5170\u514b\uff081900-1946\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u83b1\u56e0\u54c8\u7279\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6700\u521d\u51c6\u5907\u8981\u8ffd\u6eaf\u52301942\u5e74\u4e07\u6e56\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u515a\u536b\u961f\u5934\u5b50\u5e0c\u59c6\u83b1\u6307\u6d3e\u5362\u5e03\u6797\u5730\u533a\u7684\u515a\u536b\u961f\u957f\u5b98<\/span>\u5965\u8fea\u6d1b\u00b7\u683c\u6d1b\u535a\u5c3c\u514b<\/span>\uff08<\/span>odilo globocnik\uff09\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4eba\u529b\u51c6\u5907\u706d\u7edd\u603b\u7763\u8f96\u533a\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u683c\u6d1b\u535a\u5c3c\u514b\u548c\u5e0c\u59c6\u83b1<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e07\u6e56\u4f1a\u8bae\u540e\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u52a8\u6b63\u5f0f\u5168\u9762\u94fa\u5f00\u3002\u7279\u96f7\u5e03\u6797\u5361\uff08Treblinka\uff09\u3001\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u3001\u8d1d\u4e4c\u70ed\u8328\uff08belzec\uff09\u4e09\u4e2a\u706d\u7edd\u8425\u5148\u540e\u843d\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u706d\u7edd\u8425\u4ece1942\u5e745\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\u6b63\u5f0f\u6295\u5165\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5c31\u706d\u7edd\u603b\u7763\u8f96\u533a\u5185\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u4e3b\u8981\u5bf9\u53e3\u5362\u5e03\u6797\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a0\u5229\u897f\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5e1d\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u3001\u5fb7\u5360\u82cf\u8054\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002\u5230\u6700\u540e\u95ed\u8425\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e00\u5171\u706d\u7edd\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc720\u4e07\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u5168\u90e8\u706d\u7edd\u8425\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u56db\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5362\u5e03\u6797\u5730\u533a<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u706d\u7edd\u8425<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821<\/span>\u5728<\/span>\u53f3\u4e0a\u65b9<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5404\u4e2a\u706d\u7edd\u8425\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u73ed\u706b\u8f66\u5230\u7ad9\u540e\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6781\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8eab\u5f3a\u4f53\u58ee\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u9009\u51fa\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7279\u522b\u884c\u52a8\u961f\u8fdb\u884c\u5c38\u4f53\u642c\u8fd0\u57cb\u846c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u88ab\u9001\u5165\u6bd2\u6c14\u5ba4\u6d88\u706d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u5bc6\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7279\u522b\u884c\u52a8\u961f\u5458\u90fd\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u5de5\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u6781\u7aef\u4e25\u9177\uff0c\u77ed\u5219\u6570\u5929\uff0c\u957f\u5219\u51e0\u5468\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u8650\u5f85\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u90fd\u88ab\u6740\u5bb3\uff0c\u518d\u6362\u4e00\u6279\u65b0\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9010\u6b65\u5730\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u67092\u5927\u5f0a\u7aef\uff1a\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u884c\u52a8\u961f\u5458\u90fd\u662f\u65b0\u624b\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u706d\u7edd\u6548\u7387\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u7279\u522b\u884c\u52a8\u5458\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u65e9\u665a\u8981\u6b7b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c31\u5728\u5f88\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7ecf\u5e38\u6709\u4ea1\u547d\u4e4b\u5f92\u8d77\u4e49\u9003\u8dd1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6545\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u81ea1942\u5e746\u6708\u4efd\u8d77\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u5de5\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u4e3a\u6c38\u4e45\u5de5\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6c38\u4e45\u5de5\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u56da\u72af\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6761\u4ef6\u8fd8\u662f\u6781\u7aef\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u914d\u7ed9\u5c11\u7684\u53ef\u601c\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8fd8\u8981\u5fcd\u53d7\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u65e0\u4f11\u6b62\u7684\u8650\u5f85\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u536b\u751f\u63aa\u65bd\u4e5f\u5f88\u5dee\uff08\u7537\u72af\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u6d17\u6fa1\uff09\uff0c\u761f\u75ab\u6a2a\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1943\u5e74\u65f6\u7684\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u4e2a\u706d\u7edd\u8425\u7684\u5927\u4f53\u5e03\u5c40\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u8425\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u524d\u8425\u533a\uff08Varlager\uff09\u91cc\u6709\u4f9b\u8425\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5bbf\u820d\u548c\u5a31\u4e50\u5efa\u7b51\u3002\u515a\u536b\u519b\u519b\u5b98\u4eec\u4f4f\u5728\u6709\u7740\u8bf8\u5982\u201c\u5feb\u4e50\u8df3\u86a4\uff08Lustiger Floh\uff09\u201d\u3001\u201c\u71d5\u5b50\u7a9d\uff08Schwalbennest\uff09\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5bb6\u56ed\uff08Gottes Heimat\uff09\u201d\u7b49\u82b1\u54e8\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u5c0f\u5c4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u98df\u5802\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u9f84\u7403\u9986\u3001\u4e00\u540d\u7406\u53d1\u5e08\u548c\u4e00\u540d\u7259\u533b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u6240\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u56da\u72af\u3002\u770b\u5b88\u4eba\u5458\u662f\u4ece\u82cf\u8054\u6218\u4fd8\u4e2d\u62bd\u8c03\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8425\u623f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5a31\u4e50\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u53d1\u5385\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u98df\u5802\u3002\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1\u53f7\u8425\u533a\uff08Lager I\uff09\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u4f4f\u5bbf\u8425\u533a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b88\u536b\u548c\u56da\u72af\u7684\u533a\u57df\u7528\u94c1\u4e1d\u7f51\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u978b\u94fa\u3001\u94c1\u5320\u94fa\u3001\u88c1\u7f1d\u94fa\u4ee5\u53ca\u56da\u72af\u7684\u8425\u623f\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2\u53f7\u533a\uff08Lager II\uff09\u662f\u63a5\u7eb3\u533a\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e0b\u4e86\u706b\u8f66\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u66f4\u8863\u30022\u53f7\u533a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u6761\u51e0\u5341\u7c73\u7684\u901a\u9053\u548c3\u53f7\u533a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u706d\u7edd\u533a\u76f8\u63a5\u3002\u901a\u9053\u4e24\u4fa7\u7528\u94c1\u4e1d\u7f51\u548c\u9ad8\u9ad8\u7684\u677e\u6811\u9694\u79bb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5728\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\uff0c\u901a\u9053\u4e2d\u8bbe\u6709\u7406\u53d1\u5904\uff0c\u5973\u5b50\u5148\u7406\u53d1\u518d\u88ab\u9a71\u8d76\u52303\u53f7\u533a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3\u53f7\u533a\uff08Lager III\uff09\u5373\u4e3a\u706d\u7edd\u533a\u3002\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fdb\u5165\u6bd2\u6c14\u5ba4\u88ab\u6740\u5bb3\u3002\u7136\u540e\u57283\u53f7\u533a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8d1f\u8d23\u628a\u5c38\u4f53\u6e05\u7406\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u57cb\u5751\uff08\u524d\u671f\uff09\u6216\u8005\u70e7\u6389\uff08\u540e\u671f\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u56da\u72af\u7684\u5904\u51b3\u4e5f\u5927\u591a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u51fa\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5bc6\u8003\u8651\uff0c3\u53f7\u533a\u548c1,2\u53f7\u533a\u662f\u9694\u79bb\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u56da\u72af\u4e25\u7981\u8fdb\u51fa\u8054\u7cfb\u30023\u53f7\u533a\u7684\u56da\u72af\u5403\u4f4f\u90fd\u5728\u533a\u5185\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u5165\u53e3<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

19<\/span>4<\/span>3<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>\u590f<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821<\/span>\u706d\u7edd\u8425<\/span>\u5e73\u9762\u56fe\uff0c\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u76844\u53f7\u533a\u4ec5\u4e3a\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u5efa\u6210<\/span><\/p>\n

\u76f4\u52301943\u5e7410\u6708\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5927\u8d77\u4e49\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8d8a\u72f1\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8d8a\u72f1\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d8a\u72f1\u8005\u8981\u4e48\u88ab\u6740\u6b7b\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5c31\u4ece\u6b64\u6beb\u65e0\u97f3\u4fe1\u4e86\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d8a\u72f1\u6848\u4f8b\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eba\u3001\u5b88\u536b\u6216\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

1\u3001 \u9996\u5148\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u85cf\u5728\u4e00\u8f86\u8fd0\u9001\u8863\u670d\u9a76\u79bb\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u7684\u706b\u8f66\u8f66\u53a2\u91cc\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u56de\u5230\u4e86chelm\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u9694\u79bb\u533a\uff0c\u5e76\u544a\u77e5\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f1943\u5e743\u6708\u9694\u79bb\u533a\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\uff0c\u6b64\u4eba\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e5f\u4e00\u540c\u9047\u96be\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2\u3001 1942\u5e74\u5723\u8bde\u8282\uff0c3\u75372\u5973\u56da\u72af\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca2\u4e2a\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u58eb\u5175\u4ece3\u53f7\u8425\u533a\u9003\u79bb\u4e86\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\uff0c4\u5929\u540e\uff0c2\u4e2a\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u5176\u4e2d1\u4e2a\u5973\u56da\u72af\u540e\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u544a\u53d1\u800c\u88ab\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u53d1\u89c9\u5e76\u6253\u6b7b\uff0c\u53e6\u59164\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u7ec8\uff0c\u4f46\u5e94\u8be5\u4e5f\u6ca1\u80fd\u71ac\u5230\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u62a5\u590d\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5904\u51b3\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u57283\u53f7\u8425\u533a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u56da\u72af\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3\u30011943\u5e74\u6625\u5b63\uff0c2\u4e2a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8d81\u7740\u591c\u8272\u548c\u66b4\u96e8\u526a\u65ad\u94c1\u4e1d\u7f51\u9003\u4e86\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u6b21\u65e5\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u4ec0\u4e00\u6cd5\u201d\u5904\u51b3\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u72af\u4eba\u4ee5\u793a\u8b66\u544a\u3002\u81ea\u8fd9\u6b21\u8d8a\u72f1\u540e\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u8425\u533a\u5916\u6577\u8bbe\u5730\u96f7<\/span><\/p>\n

4\u30011943\u5e747\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u4e00\u6279\u51fa\u53bb\u4f10\u6728\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u53c8\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u96c6\u4f53\u9003\u8dd1\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f2\u4e2a\u56da\u72af\u5e72\u6389\u4e86\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u5b88\u536b\u7136\u540e\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u8e2a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f53\u961f\u4f0d\u91cc\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6ce2\u5170\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u58f0\u558a\u96c6\u4f53\u56db\u6563\u9003\u8dd1\uff0c\u4f46\u8377\u5170\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u52a8\u3002\u5927\u7ea6\u67092,3\u4e2a\u6ce2\u5170\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u9003\u8dd1\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u4f5913\u30014\u4e2a\u6ce2\u5170\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u88ab\u6293\u4f4f\uff0c\u5f53\u7740\u6240\u6709\u56da\u72af\u7684\u9762\u88ab\u5148\u97ad\u5211\u540e\u5904\u51b3\u3002\u8377\u5170\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u88ab\u7559\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u8425\u533a\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f97\u53c2\u52a0\u4f10\u6728\uff0c\u800c\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u901a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u9003\u8dd1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2\u3001\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6700\u521d\u7684\u8d8a\u72f1\u8ba1\u5212<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u52301943\u5e74\u6625\u5b63\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u603b\u7763\u8f96\u533a\u5185\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u9010\u6b65\u88ab\u6d88\u706d\u6b86\u5c3d\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u706d\u7edd\u8425\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u9010\u6b65\u51cf\u5c11\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u90fd\u611f\u89c9\u65f6\u65e5\u65e0\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u663e\u7136\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7559\u4e0b\u4efb\u4f55\u6d3b\u53e3\u3002\u800c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e86\u8499\u9a97\u56da\u72af\uff0c\u5c11\u8bb8\u653e\u5bbd\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5141\u8bb8\u7537\u5973\u56da\u72af\u8c08\u604b\u7231\uff0c\u7537\u5973\u56da\u72af\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u51fa\u5bf9\u65b9\u8425\u623f\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\uff0c\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u9010\u6b65\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d8a\u72f1\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5934\u5934\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8eZolkiewka\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u9694\u79bb\u533a\u768430\u5c81\u7537\u5b50\uff0c\u83b1\u6602\u00b7\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ea8\u5fb7\u52d2\uff08leon feldhendler\uff09\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u91cc\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u5305\u62ec\u88c1\u7f1d\u6728\u5320\u96c5\u5185\u79d1\uff0c\u88c1\u7f1d\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\uff0c\u978b\u5320\u96c5\u5e93\u5e03\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ea8\u5fb7\u52d2<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7535\u5f71<\/span>\u4e2d<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ea8\u5fb7\u52d2<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6fc0\u53d1\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u8d8a\u72f1\u610f\u613f\u7684\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5904\u51b3\u6765\u81ea\u8d1d\u4e4c\u70ed\u8328\u706d\u7edd\u8425\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u56da\u72af\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u8d1d\u4e4c\u70ed\u8328\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u706d\u7edd\u4efb\u52a1\u540e\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6700\u65e9\u5173\u95ed\u7684\u706d\u7edd\u8425\uff0c1943\u5e746\u6708\uff0c600\u4e2a\u5e78\u5b58\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u88ab\u706b\u8f66\u8fd0\u5f80\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u5904\u51b3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u7684\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u5728\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u8863\u670d\u91cc\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u5f20\u7eb8\u6761\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8d1d\u4e4c\u70ed\u8328\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e861\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u8981\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u53bb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u662f\u8fd0\u5f80\u5fb7\u56fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u8f66\u53a2\u91cc\u6709\u5403\u996d\u7684\u684c\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u5230\u4e863\u5929\u5206\u91cf\u7684\u9762\u5305\u3001\u7f50\u5934\u548c\u6c34\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u8bf4\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u8c0e\u8a00\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e5f\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u7740\u4f60\u4eec\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u76f8\u4fe1\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\uff01\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u62a5\u4ec7\uff01\uff01\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e00\u5230\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\uff0c\u5c31\u88ab10\u4e2a\u4e00\u7ec4\u4ece\u706b\u8f66\u4e0a\u62c9\u51fa\u53bb\u67aa\u51b3\u4e86\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u7684\u72af\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u5c06\u9762\u4e34\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u524d\u666f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

2\u53f7\u533a\u5165\u53e3<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ece1943\u5e74\u590f\u5929\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8d8a\u72f1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f00\u59cb\u7b56\u5212\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u8d8a\u72f1\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8425\u533a\u5916\u9762\u6577\u8bbe\u7684\u5730\u96f7\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u65e6\u6709\u4eba\u8d8a\u72f1\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u56da\u72af\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\u6781\u5176\u4e25\u5389\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7ec4\u7ec7\u51b3\u5b9a\u8d8a\u72f1\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5168\u8425\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u521d\u662f\u6253\u7b97\u548c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u5b88\u536b\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u81ea\u4ece\u5fb7\u519b\u5728\u65af\u5927\u6797\u683c\u52d2\u60e8\u8d25\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u540e\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u5b88\u536b\u90fd\u6d41\u9732\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4e8c\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1f\u8d23\u53a8\u623f\u7684\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u5b88\u536b\u540c\u610f\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f80\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u98df\u7269\u91cc\u6295\u6bd2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ece\u836f\u623f\u91cc\u7a83\u53d6\u6bd2\u836f\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c5\u4e2a\u72af\u4eba\u88ab\u5904\u6b7b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5229\u7528\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u81ea\u79f0\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5458\u7684\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u641e\u5230\u5361\u8f66\u8fd0\u72af\u4eba\u4eec\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9700\u8981\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u5148\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\u4ee5\u4fbf\u641e\u5230\u5361\u8f66\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u51e0\u5929\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u544a\u8bc9\u56da\u72af\u4eec\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u79cd\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8fd015\u4e2a\u72af\u4eba\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u8d8a\u72f1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u5361\u8f66\u8fd0\u9001\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6000\u7591\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u662f\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u501f\u53e3\u5148\u6572\u8bc8\u4e00\u7b14\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u72af\u4eba\u8fd0\u51fa\u53bb\u6740\u6b7b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u706d\u7edd\u8425\u91cc\u5145\u5f53\u98df\u5802\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u5361\u897f\u8bfa\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u5ea7\u5448L\u5f62\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u4f4d\u4e8e\u524d\u8425\u533a\uff0c\u6328\u7740\u6e29\u5ba4\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5feb\u4e50\u8df3\u86a4\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8d8a\u72f1\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u5f17\u4f26\u7b56\u5c14\u80cc\u9760\u7740\u8fd9\u5ea7\u5efa\u7b51\u671d\u5357\u7684\u5916\u5899\u5411\u8bd5\u56fe\u9003\u8dd1\u7684\u56da\u72af\u5f00\u67aa\u5c04\u51fb<\/p>\n

\u518d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u5c31\u662f\u8d81\u7740\u9ece\u660e\uff0c\u6709\u5c11\u8bb8\u5e74\u8f7b\u72af\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u533a\u5e72\u6d3b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e74\u957f\u72af\u4eba\u7684\u5e26\u9886\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u65a7\u5b50\u5e72\u6389\u719f\u7761\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u4e5f\u5f88\u5feb\u544a\u5439\uff0c\u5148\u4e0d\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e9b15,6\u5c81\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u51e0\u4e2a\u6210\u5e74\u72af\u4eba\u80fd\u5426\u5e72\u638910\u51e0\u4e2a\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u6210\u529f\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5168\u8425\u7684\u8d8a\u72f1\u4e5f\u8981\u5728\u5927\u767d\u5929\u4e3e\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u7ed9\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u4e00\u6574\u4e2a\u767d\u5929\u6765\u8ffd\u6740\u8d8a\u72f1\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u57fa\u672c\u6ca1\u4eba\u80fd\u6d3b\u4e0b\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u540e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u53c8\u6784\u601d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u70b9\u71c3\u8863\u7269\u50a8\u85cf\u95f4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8d81\u7740\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5fd9\u4e8e\u706d\u706b\u4e4b\u9645\u8d8a\u72f1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u597d\u5904\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u653e\u706b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u4e3e\u884c\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u4e5f\u67092\u4e2a\u56da\u72af\u7518\u5f53\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u53bb\u653e\u706b\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u8fd8\u8bbe\u6cd5\u641e\u5230\u4e00\u70b9\u6c7d\u6cb9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7eb5\u706b\u5f00\u59cb\u524d\uff0c\u5ffd\u7136\u4e00\u7fa4\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u50a8\u85cf\u95f4\u65c1\u8f6c\u60a0\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u8ba1\u5212\u53ea\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u53d6\u6d88\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ea8\u5fb7\u52d2\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u5212\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u90fd\u6781\u5176\u7c97\u7cd9\uff0c\u8d8a\u72f1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u9886\u8896\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

8\u6708\u4efd\uff0c\u4ed6\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8377\u5170\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\uff08joseph jacobs\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u4eba\u662f\u4e2a\u524d\u6d77\u519b\u519b\u5b98\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6253\u8fc7\u4ed7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u5b88\u536b\u7684\u914d\u5408\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d81\u7740\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5403\u665a\u996d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u51b2\u51fb\u519b\u706b\u5e93\u83b7\u5f97\u67aa\u652f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u51b2\u51fa\u53bb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u7684\u544a\u5bc6\uff0c\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u88ab\u6355\u4e86\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u4e25\u5211\u62f7\u6253\uff0c\u4ed6\u575a\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7b56\u5212\u7684\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\u4e86\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8b66\u544a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u9884\u9632\uff0c\u515a\u536b\u519b\u8fd8\u4e00\u5e76\u5904\u51b3\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u768472\u4e2a\u8377\u5170\u7537\u6027\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f46\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e9b\u56da\u72af\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e8b\u5148\u548c\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ea8\u5fb7\u52d2\u901a\u8fc7\u6c14\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5728\u8377\u5170\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5f53\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1943\u5e749\u6708\u4efd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u67096\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u72af\u4eba\u4e5f\u5728\u7b56\u5212\u7740\u8d8a\u72f1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0d\u660e\uff0c\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u6700\u540e\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fb7\u88d4\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u72af\u4eba\u544a\u5bc6\u800c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u544a\u5bc6\u8005\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u8425\u533a\u72af\u4eba\u603b\u5934\u5934\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u5feb\u4ed6\u5c31\u88ab\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u72af\u4eba\u6bd2\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u88ab\u6d3b\u6d3b\u6253\u6b7b\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e3\u53f7\u8425\u533a\u7684\u8d8a\u72f1\u4f01\u56fe\u5982\u4eca\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u4ece43\u5e74\u590f\u5929\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u90a3\u8fb9\u7684\u72af\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u5c31\u5f88\u5c0f\u4e86\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u65e0\u6240\u4e8b\u4e8b\uff0c\u5f88\u663e\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f30\u8ba1\u5230\u5927\u9650\u5c06\u81f3\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u72af\u4eba\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u6316\u5730\u9053\u9003\u8dd1\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u72af\u4eba\u90fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u88ab\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u60e9\u7f5a\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u4e25\u5389\u7684\uff1a\u6240\u67093\u53f7\u8425\u533a\u7684\u72af\u4eba\u90fd\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e09\u53f7\u8425\u5730\u524d\u9762\u7684\u770b\u5b88\u4eba\u5458\u3002\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6bd2\u6c14\u5ba4\u7684\u5c4b\u9876<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5c61\u6218\u5c61\u8d25\uff0c\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u7684\u8d8a\u72f1\u6b32\u671b\u5374\u4ece\u672a\u51cf\u5f31\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8d8a\u72f1\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u9760\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\uff0c\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6765\u6784\u601d\u9886\u5bfc\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3\u3001<\/strong>\u8f6c\u673a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1943\u5e749\u670823\u65e5\uff0c 2000\u4e2a \u6765\u81ea\u660e\u65af\u514b\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u7ea6100\u4e2a\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u6218\u4fd8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u7ea618\u4eba\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6218\u4fd8\uff09\u5e78\u8fd0\u5730\u88ab\u9009\u51fa\u6765\u4ece\u4e8b\u8425\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u201c\u8428\u6c99\u201d-\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u4e2d\u5c09\uff08<\/span>\u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u0440\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa<\/span>\uff081909-1990\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7535\u5f71<\/span>\u4e2d<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u5927\u7ea634\u5c81\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f4f\u5728\u7f57\u65af\u6258\u592b\uff0c\u5728\u7ef4\u4e9a\u8328\u9a6c-\u5e03\u826f\u65af\u514b\u5408\u56f4\u6218\u4e2d\u88ab\u4fd8\uff0c1942\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u8d8a\u72f1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u9001\u5f80\u4f4d\u4e8e\u9c8d\u91cc\u7d22\u592b\u7684\u60e9\u6212\u8425\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u5305\u76ae\u73af\u5207\uff0c\u662f\u4e2a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u6218\u4fd8\u88ab\u9001\u5f80\u660e\u65af\u514b\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u9694\u79bb\u533a\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u57289\u670826\u65e5\u3002\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3e\u52a8\u5f88\u5feb\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u90a3\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u5fd9\u7740\u4f10\u6728\uff0c\u515a\u536b\u519b\u519b\u5b98\u798f\u4f26\u6cfd\u5c14\uff08\u4e00\u53f7\u8425\u8425\u957f\uff09\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u5728\u65c1\u8fb9\u50ac\u4fc3\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u6bb4\u6253\u4e00\u4e2a\u8377\u5170\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u7981\u505c\u4e0b\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5f17\u4f26\u7b56\u5c14\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u6211\uff0c\u63a8\u5f00\u4e86\u8377\u5170\u4eba\uff0c\u53eb\u6211\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u7528\u7ed3\u7ed3\u5df4\u5df4\u7684\u4fc4\u8bed\u5bf9\u6211\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4fc4\u56fd\u5175\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u6211\u60e9\u7f5a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u50bb\u74dc\uff1f\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u7ed9\u4f605\u5206\u949f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f60\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6811\u6869\u780d\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u5305\u70df\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u5f97\u632825\u97ad\u5b50\u2026\u2026\u5f00\u59cb\uff01\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u62fc\u7740\u8001\u547d\u5f00\u59cb\u780d\u6811\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u628a\u6811\u6869\u780d\u6210\u4e86\u6728\u7247\u3002\u5f17\u4f26\u7b56\u5c14\u5bf9\u6211\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c4\u5206\u534a\u3002\u201d\u5e76\u9012\u7ed9\u6211\u4e00\u5305\u70df\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u771f\u7684\u4e0d\u60f3\u62ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6df7\u86cb\u7684\u793c\u7269\u3002\u6211\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\u201c\u4e0d\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u62bd\u70df\u3002\u201d\u5e76\u63a5\u7740\u5f00\u59cb\u5e72\u6d3b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f17\u4f26\u7b56\u5c14\u9759\u9759\u5730\u8d70\u5f00\u4e86\uff0c\u8fc7\u4e8620\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u4ed6\u56de\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u9012\u7ed9\u6211\u4e00\u5305\u4eba\u9020\u9ec4\u6cb9\u3002\u201c\u4fc4\u56fd\u5175\uff0c\u62ff\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u3002\u201d\u201c\u8c22\u8c22\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4f19\u98df\u5f88\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e5f\u9971\u4e86\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u770b\u5230\u5f17\u4f26\u7b56\u5c14\u7d27\u7d27\u5730\u6293\u4f4f\u4ed6\u624b\u91cc\u7684\u97ad\u5b50\uff0c\u62fc\u547d\u63a7\u5236\u4f4f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u7d27\u7ef7\u7740\u8138\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u8eab\u8d70\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u8bf7\u5f88\u5feb\u5728\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u4f20\u5f00\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u515a\u536b\u961f\u4e0a\u7ea7\u5206\u961f\u957f\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u6d77\u59c6\u00b7\u5f17\u4f26\u7b56\u5c14\uff08Karl August Wilhelm Frenzel<\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4eba\u4eec\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\u628a\u4ed6\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u4e00\u5219\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u548c\u679c\u65ad\uff0c\u4e8c\u6765\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2a\u519b\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u519b\u8854\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6700\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\uff0c\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u6700\u597d\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u662f\u548c\u4ed6\u4e00\u8d77\u5230\u6765\u7684\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\u00b7\u83b1\u7279\u66fc\uff0c\u9c8d\u91cc\u65af\u00b7\u5c91\u4f2f\u65af\u57fa\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u8212\u5df4\u8036\u592b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u8212\u5df4\u8036\u592b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u5438\u5f15\u5230\u4e86\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ea8\u5fb7\u52d2\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u30029\u670829\u65e5\u665a\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u5728\u5973\u5b50\u8425\u623f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9996\u6b21\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ea8\u5fb7\u52d2\u5411\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5728\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u8be2\u95ee\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u613f\u610f\u9886\u5bfc\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e00\u8d77\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u8d8a\u72f1\uff0c\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u5f88\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u56de\u7b54\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ea4\u8c08\u4e2d\uff0c\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ea8\u5fb7\u52d2\u8bf7\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u8981\u63d0\u9632\u7279\u6b8a\u72af\u4eba\u6ce2\u6cfd\u5179\u5361\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u5185\u7ebf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u51e0\u5468\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u5362\u5361\u7684\u8377\u5170\u5973\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c<\/span>\u636e<\/span>\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u6218\u540e\u53d9\u8ff0<\/span>\uff0c\u5979\u770b\u8d77\u6765 18 \u6216 19 \u5c81\uff0c\u7559\u7740\u77ed\u6817\u8272\u5934\u53d1\u3002\u70df\u62bd\u5f97\u5f88\u5389\u5bb3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5362\u5361\u81ea\u79f0\u6765\u81ea\u6c49\u5821\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5458\u7684\u5973\u513f\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4e0a\u53f0\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5458\u7236\u4eb2\u9762\u4e34\u88ab\u6355\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4e3e\u5bb6\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u4e86\u8377\u5170\u3002\u8377\u5170\u88ab\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5360\u9886\u540e\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u6210\u529f\u8eb2\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u5979\u548c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e24\u4e2a\u5144\u5f1f\u4e00\u8d77\u4ece\u8377\u5170\u9001\u5230\u4e86\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e24\u4e2a\u5144\u5f1f\u7acb\u5373\u88ab\u6740\u5bb3\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u5219\u88ab\u9001\u53bb\u52b3\u52a8 \u2014\u2014 \u6bcd\u4eb2\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u88c1\u7f1d\u8f66\u95f4\uff0c\u5979\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u517b\u5154\u573a-\u8fd9\u91cc<\/span>\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e00\u6761\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8d70\u5eca\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u201c\u5347\u5929\u4e4b\u8def\u201d\uff08<\/span>Himmelfahrtstra\u00dfe<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6728\u6805\u680f\u7684\u88c2\u7f1d\uff0c\u5979\u591a\u6b21\u770b\u5230\u88f8\u4f53\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u9a71\u8d76\u5230\u8d70\u5eca\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e00\u76f4\u901a\u54112\u53f7\u8425\u5730\u7684\u6bd2\u6c14\u5ba4<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\u7684\u5362\u5361\u7531\u6ce2\u5170\u6f14\u5458\u4e54\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7\u5e15\u5e93\u62c9\u626e\u6f14\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u524d\u7537\u53cb\u662f\u5927\u5bfc\u6f14\u7537\u53cb\u7f57\u66fc\u00b7\u6ce2\u5170\u65af\u57fa<\/p>\n

\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u548c\u5362\u5361\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u5973\u5b50\u8425\u623f\u91cc\u4e00\u5750\u5c31\u662f\u51e0\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u4e00\u76f4\u548c\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ea8\u5fb7\u52d2\u4fdd\u6301\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e86\u540e\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d<\/span>\u7684<\/span>\u5362\u5361<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u9886\u5bfc\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\uff0c\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ea8\u5fb7\u52d2\u662f\u526f\u624b\uff0c\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u8fd8\u6709\u6728\u5320\u96c5\u5185\u79d1\uff0c\u88c1\u7f1d\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\uff0c\u978b\u5320\u96c5\u5e93\u5e03\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u5404\u81ea\u56da\u72af\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684\u5934\u5934\uff1b\u83ab\u5c3c\u4e9a\u514b\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u56da\u72af\u4e2d\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\u7684\u5934\u5934\uff1b\u83b1\u7279\u66fc\uff0c\u5c91\u4f2f\u65af\u57fa\uff0c\u8212\u5df4\u8036\u592b\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u6218\u4fd8\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u665a\u4e0a\u5728\u5973\u5b50\u8425\u623f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ea8\u5fb7\u52d2\u7684\u624b\u4e0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u8425\u533a\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u8425\u533a\u6709\u4e86\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u6b21\u8d8a\u72f1\u7684\u4f01\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u533a\u90a3\u6b21\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6316\u6398\u5730\u9053\u7684\u8d8a\u72f1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ecd\u7136\u91c7\u7528\u6316\u5730\u9053\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8d8a\u72f1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u5feb\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u573a\u66b4\u96e8\u51b2\u6bc1\u4e86\u5730\u9053\u800c\u8ba1\u5212\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u6316\u5730\u9053\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8ba9\u5168\u8425600\u4eba\u8d8a\u72f1\u4e5f\u662f\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

10\u67089\u65e5\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u8d4e\u7f6a\u65e5\u8282\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u8bb8\u53ef\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u53ef\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8425\u623f\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u7948\u7977\u3002\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u6b21\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4eec\u53c8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u5f53\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u56de\u56fd\u5ea6\u5047\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u524d\u5f80\u88c1\u7f1d\u94fa\u4ee5\u53ca\u978b\u94fa\u7f6e\u5907\u884c\u674e\u8863\u670d\uff1b\u9664\u4e86\u503c\u73ed\u7684\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u536b\u5175\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u536b\u5175\u7684\u67aa\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u5b50\u5f39\uff08\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u536b\u5175\u9003\u4e86\u51fa\u53bb\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u6e38\u51fb\u961f\uff09\u3002\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u94fa\u5b50\u5185\u89e3\u51b3\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d8a\u72f1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u672a\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9600\u4e2a\u72af\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4e8b\u5148\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u4eba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u9003\u51fa\u53bb\uff1f\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u536b\u5175\u5bdf\u89c9\u8d8a\u72f1\u540e\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u53cd\u5e94\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

4\u3001\u8ba1\u5212<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u9891\u7e41\u4f1a\u8bae\u672a\u80fd\u9003\u8fc7\u8425\u533a2\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u72af\u4eba\uff0c\u6cfd\u4f69\u514b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ce2\u6cfd\u5179\u5361\u7684\u773c\u775b\u3002\u6cfd\u4f69\u514b\u4e00\u6b21\u5bf9\u83ab\u5c3c\u4e9a\u514b\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u52a0\u5165\u8d8a\u72f1\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u4f46\u83ab\u5c3c\u4e9a\u514b\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d8a\u72f1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

10\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u62ff\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u53f0\u78c1\u5e26\u64ad\u653e\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u536b\u5175\u62ff\u8fc7\u6765\u53eb\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fee\u7406\u7684\u3002\u8d81\u7740\u5927\u5bb6\u542c\u78c1\u5e26\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u6ce2\u6cfd\u5179\u5361\u5411\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u53c2\u52a0\u8d8a\u72f1\u7684\u610f\u613f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u4f60\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6211\u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u4eec\u5438\u6536\u6211\u53c2\u52a0\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7279\u6b8a\u72af\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u8fdb\u51fa\u9664\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u53f7\u8425\u533a\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u968f\u610f\u8bf4\u8bdd\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u6000\u7591\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f60\u95ee\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u8981\u52a0\u5165\uff1f\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5f17\u4f26\u7b56\u5c14\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u8bb8\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u8bfa\u8a00\uff0c\u53ef\u6211\u4e0d\u4fe1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u6700\u7ec8\u5173\u95ed\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u548c\u4f60\u4eec\u4e00\u6837\u90fd\u5f97\u6b7b\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u73b0\u5728\u611f\u5230\u5f88\u4e3a\u96be\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u4e0e\u4ed6\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7b54\u590d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6253\u7b97\u548c\u6574\u4e2a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e00\u8d77\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u6837\uff0c\u7559\u7ed9\u72af\u4eba\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u591a\u4e86\u300211\u6708\u5373\u5c06\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u8d8a\u72f1\u884c\u52a8\u5fc5\u987b\u572811\u6708\u4e4b\u524d\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u65e6\u8fdb\u516511\u6708\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0b\u96ea\uff0c\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\u8d8a\u72f1\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u96ea\u4e0a\u7559\u4e0b\u9003\u8dd1\u7684\u8db3\u8ff9\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4f4e\u6e29\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4ef6\u4fc3\u4f7f\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u5c3d\u5feb\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\uff0c\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f97\u77e5\u8425\u957f\u5b98-\u515a\u536b\u961f\u4e0a\u7ea7\u7a81\u51fb\u4e2d\u961f\u957f<\/span>\u5f17\u6717\u8328\u30fb\u5361\u5c14\u30fb\u8d56\u5e0c\u83b1\u7279\u7eb3<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Franz Karl Reichleitner<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u526f\u624b\u515a\u536b\u961f\u4e0a\u7ea7\u5206\u961f\u957f\u53e4\u65af\u5854\u592b<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u5f17\u6717\u8328<\/span>\u00b7<\/span>\u74e6\u683c\u7eb3<\/span>\uff08<\/span>Gustav Franz Wagne<\/span>r\uff0c<\/span>\u6b64\u4eba\u5fc3\u72e0\u624b\u8fa3\uff0c\u4e8b\u8ff9\u53ef\u770b\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u9003\u51fa\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u300b\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u56de\u56fd\u5ea6\u5047\u4e86\uff0c\u9632\u536b\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u56e0\u6b64\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5f31\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u74e6\u683c\u7eb3\uff0c\u6b64\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u7591\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7f3a\u5e2d\u4ee4\u8d77\u4e49\u6210\u529f\u7387\u5927\u589e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u8d56\u5e0c\u83b1\u7279\u7eb3<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u74e6\u683c\u7eb3<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u572811\u65e5\u548c12\u65e5\u8fde\u7eed\u5f00\u4e862\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8ba8\u8bba\u8d77\u4e49\u4e8b\u5b9c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bae\u9898\u662f\u662f\u5426\u5438\u6536\u6cfd\u4f69\u514b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ce2\u6cfd\u5179\u5361\u5165\u4f19\uff1f\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u5438\u6536\u3002\u5728\u8ba1\u5212\u7ec6\u8282\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd92\u4e2a\u4eba\u6709\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6ce2\u6cfd\u5179\u5361\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8425\u533a\u5185\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u5730\u81ea\u7531\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u6cfd\u4f69\u514b\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u57281\u53f7\u8425\u533a\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u51b3\u5b9a\u540c\u610f\u5438\u6536\u4ed6\u4eec2\u4e2a\u5165\u4f19\u3002\u5e76\u901a\u77e5\u6ce2\u6cfd\u5179\u5361\u6765\u5f00\u4f1a\u3002\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u6e05\u695a\u4f60\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u6765\u52a0\u5165\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u88ab\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u51b3\u7684\u3002\u201d\u6ce2\u6cfd\u5179\u5361\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\u4ed6\u6e05\u695a\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62c5\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u540e\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u629b\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u6d88\u706d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u515a\u536b\u519b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5c06\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u6740\u6b7b\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u8981\u5feb\u800c\u4e14\u5f97\u6084\u65e0\u58f0\u606f\u3002\u6ce2\u6cfd\u5179\u5361\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u628a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6740\u4eba\u7684\u5c0f\u5206\u961f\u5e26\u52302\u53f7\u8425\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u572812\u53f7\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u63a5\u7740\u8ba8\u8bba\u300210\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u7b49\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u96be\u5fd8\u7684\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u4e00\u65e9\uff0c\u5f17\u4f26\u7b56\u5c14\u5e26\u9886\u4e00\u961f\u515a\u536b\u519b\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u7684\u8425\u623f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c18\u4e2a\u751f\u75c5\u7684\u56da\u72af\u6b63\u8eba\u5728\u5e8a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u75c5\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5929\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u515a\u536b\u519b\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72af\u4eba\u62bc\u5f803\u53f7\u8425\u5904\u51b3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6765\u81ea\u8377\u5170\uff0c\u4ed6\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u80fd\u72ec\u81ea\u7ad9\u7acb\u3002\u4ed6\u59bb\u5b50\u6b64\u65f6\u6b63\u5728\u5973\u5b50\u8425\u623f\u5185\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u6b64\u666f\uff0c\u5979\u51b2\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\u51b2\u5411\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u6740\u4eba\u51f6\u624b\uff01\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u4eec\u8981\u628a\u6211\u4e08\u592b\u5e26\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u53bb\uff01\u628a\u6211\u4e5f\u5e26\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u4f1a\u79bb\u5f00\u4ed6\u7684\uff01\u4f60\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6df7\u86cb\uff01\u201d\u5979\u6400\u6276\u7740\u4ed6\uff0c\u4e00\u540c\u8d70\u5411\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u91cc\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5f88\u663e\u7136\u4ed6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65b0\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u8fd8\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fc3\u788e\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u6218\u6597\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\u66f4\u5927\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f1a\u8bae\u5c31\u572818\u4e2a\u72af\u4eba\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u6218\u6597\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684\u4eba\u9009\u4ee5\u53ca\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u5de5\u3002\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u75312\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u5c06\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u515a\u536b\u519b\u4eec\u90fd\u5206\u6563\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c97\u4f4d\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u52a8\u5e94\u5728\u9ec4\u660f\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9\u591c\u5e55\u7684\u63a9\u62a4\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u8fdc\u79bb\u8425\u533a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u5927\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u5728\u5c97\u6267\u52e4\u7684\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u7684\u67aa\u91cc\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5f39\u836f\u3002\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u5c06\u4ece\u8425\u533a\u5927\u95e8\u51b2\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u4ece\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u7684\u8425\u623f\u524d\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u8425\u623f\u91cc\u7684\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u5f39\u836f\uff0c\u90a3\u65e0\u7591\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8e\u662f\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u8ba9\u6ce2\u6cfd\u5179\u5361\u5e26\u7740\u4ed6\u4ee5\u7ef4\u4fee\u4e3a\u540d\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u7684\u8425\u623f\uff0c\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u4ed4\u7ec6\u770b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u6ca1\u53d1\u89c9\u8425\u623f\u91cc\u6709\u5f39\u836f\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u5fc3\u6ee1\u610f\u8db3\u5730\u56de\u6765\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6d88\u706d\u515a\u536b\u519b\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u5c06\u57281\u53f7\u8425\u533a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca2\u53f7\u8425\u533a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8863\u7269\u95f4\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u8d1f\u8d23\u6307\u63251\u53f7\u8425\u533a\uff0c\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ea8\u5fb7\u5c14\u6307\u63252\u53f7\u8425\u533a\uff0c\u5e76\u8d1f\u8d23\u5207\u65ad\u7535\u8bdd\u7ebf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\u6ca1\u6709\u5c063\u53f7\u8425\u533a\u8003\u8651\u5728\u5185\u3002\u90a3\u8fb9\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u6709\u51e0\u5341\u5230\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u4e2a\u56da\u72af\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u4eba\u6570\u4e0d\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8d77\u4e49\u884c\u52a8\u5e76\u4e14\u6700\u7ec8\u4e5f\u6ca1\u53c2\u4e0e\u5176\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f1a\u8bae\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u884c\u52a8\u76842\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u6d88\u706d\u515a\u536b\u519b\uff0c\u4e0b\u5348\u4e09\u70b9\u534a\u5230\u56db\u70b9\u534a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u8d8a\u72f1\u3002\u4e0b\u5348\u56db\u70b9\u534a\u5230\u4e94\u70b9\u534a\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728A\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u515a\u536b\u519b\u4eec\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u7531\u88ab\u76f8\u5173\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u9080\u8bf7\u8fdb\u5165\u5de5\u4f5c\u95f4\u6216\u8863\u7269\u95f4\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u53bb\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u53bb\u8bd5\u8863\u6216\u8005\u978b\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u73b0\u573a\uff0c\u90fd\u67092\u52303\u4e2a\u5730\u4e0b\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u7ec4\u6210\u6218\u6597\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u7528\u5315\u9996\u6216\u8005\u65a7\u5b50\u5e72\u6389\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u4e00\u5171\u67096\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u53c2\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u5348\u4e09\u70b9\u534a\uff0c\u6ce2\u6cfd\u5179\u5361\u5c06\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4ece1\u533a\u52302\u533a\u30024\u70b9\u949f\uff0c2\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u8d1f\u8d23\u5207\u65ad\u7535\u8bdd\u7ebf\u3002\u5728\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u65e0\u7ebf\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u6839\u7535\u8bdd\u7ebf\u662f\u5bf9\u5916\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6e20\u9053\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u4fee\u7406\u8f66\u95f4\u7684\u56da\u72af\u8d1f\u8d23\u641e\u574f\u5361\u8f66\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u6210\u5458\u5c06\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u5207\u63aa\u65bd\u5236\u6b62\u90a3\u4e9b\u770b\u5230\u6d88\u706d\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u60ca\u614c\u5931\u63aa\u6216\u662f\u6cc4\u9732\u79d8\u5bc6\u7684\u56da\u72af\u30022\u533a\u7684\u6d88\u706d\u884c\u52a8\u5c06\u57283\u70b9\u534a\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c1\u533a\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u5c06\u57284\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728B\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u56da\u72af\u5c06\u96c6\u5408\u5e76\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5730\u4ece\u6b63\u95e8\u8d70\u51fa\u8425\u533a\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u5904\u6ca1\u6709\u57cb\u8bbe\u5730\u96f7\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\uff0c\u5728A\u9636\u6bb5\u987a\u5229\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u8425\u533a\u7eaa\u5f8b\uff0c\u665a\u70b9\u540d\u5c06\u57285\u70b9\u5de6\u53f3\u7531\u6cfd\u4f69\u514b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ce2\u6cfd\u5179\u5361\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u70b9\u540d\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u56da\u72af\u90fd\u5c06\u77e5\u6653\u8d77\u4e49\u4e00\u4e8b\u5e76\u5c06\u88ab\u8b66\u544a\u4e0d\u5f97\u60ca\u614c\u5931\u63aa\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u660e\u786e\u5730\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u56de\u5934\u8def\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u540e\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u7531\u6ce2\u6cfd\u5179\u5361\u603b\u5e26\u961f\uff0c\u88c5\u4f5c\u662f\u53bb\u68ee\u6797\u4f10\u6728\u7684\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u5217\u961f\u8d70\u51fa\u6b63\u95e8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd0\u6c14\u597d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d70\u51fa\u8425\u533a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u79bb\u5927\u95e8\u8fd1\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5f53\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u5217\u961f\u9760\u8fd1\u6216\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u8425\u533a\u5927\u95e8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6218\u4fd8\u56da\u72af\u5c06\u52aa\u529b\u8fdb\u5165\u6b66\u5668\u5e93\u641e\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5373\u4f7f\u5b88\u536b\u4eec\u5411\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u5f00\u67aa\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd8\u51fb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6574\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u9003\u51fa\u53bb\u540e\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5c4a\u65f6\u5c06\u5404\u81ea\u4e3a\u6218\uff0c\u529b\u4e89\u9003\u5165\u68ee\u6797\u5e76\u627e\u5230\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6e38\u51fb\u961f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u96c5\u5185\u514b\u95ee\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u4e00\u65e6\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5c01\u9501\u4e86\u8425\u533a\u5927\u95e8\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\u6b64\u65f6\u6218\u4fd8\u4eec\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5230\u6b66\u5668\u5e93\u3002\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u56de\u7b54\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u654c\u4eba\u4f1a\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u6599\u7684\u66f4\u65e9\u53d1\u73b0\u8d77\u4e49\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6b64\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u6b66\u5668\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6218\u6597\u5230\u5e95\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8d70\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u9053\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u6728\u5320\u623f\u8fb9\uff0c\u519b\u5b98\u8425\u623f\u5f88\u9760\u8fd1\u94c1\u4e1d\u7f51\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5047\u5b9a\u5373\u4f7f\u5916\u9762\u57cb\u4e86\u5730\u96f7\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u63d2\u7740\u201c\u5730\u96f7\u5371\u9669\u201d\u6807\u724c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u96f7\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u90a3\u91cc\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7834\u574f\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u94c1\u4e1d\u7f51\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5954\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u4eba\u6295\u63b7\u77f3\u5934\u529b\u4e89\u5f15\u7206\u51e0\u9897\u5730\u96f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u81f3\u5c11\u80fd\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u626b\u6389\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u96f7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u548c\u6240\u7f57\u95e8.\u83b1\u7279\u66fc\u8ba8\u8bba\u591a\u6b21\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4e25\u5b88\u79d8\u5bc6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5bf9\u59bb\u5b50\u6216\u8005\u5144\u5f1f\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u900f\u9732\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u660e\u5929\u4e0b\u5348\u518d\u5f00\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53c8\u51b3\u5b9a\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u539a\u6728\u677f\u4ee5\u53ca\u68af\u5b50\u85cf\u5728\u6728\u5320\u623f\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5927\u95e8\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u6728\u677f\u548c\u68af\u5b50\u7ffb\u8d8a\u94c1\u4e1d\u7f51\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

11\u65e5\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u8d77\u4e49\u5c06\u572813\u65e5\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u670930-40\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u523a\u6740\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u5458\u5168\u90e8\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u8d77\u4e49\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u65a7\u5b50\u548c\u5315\u9996\u5c06\u5728\u6700\u540e\u9636\u6bb5\u53d1\u653e\u7ed9\u5404\u4e2a\u6218\u6597\u5c0f\u7ec4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

12\u65e5\u665a\u662f\u96be\u7720\u7684\u4e00\u591c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

10\u670813\u65e5\uff0c\u662f\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u5929\u65e9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u90bb\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u52b3\u52a8\u8425\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u515a\u536b\u519b\u6765\u5230\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u8be6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5230\u6765\u6253\u4e71\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e2d\u5348\uff0c\u8fd9\u7fa4\u515a\u536b\u519b\u8fd8\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u8d70\uff0c\u7b49\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d70\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u5df2\u7ecf\u592a\u665a\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u8d77\u4e49\u987a\u5ef6\u4e00\u5929\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

13\u65e5\u665a\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u94c1\u5320\u94fa\u7279\u522b\u78e8\u597d\u7684\u5315\u9996\u548c\u65a7\u5b50\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u4e86\u5404\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u624b\u91cc\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u6781\u5176\u7d27\u5f20\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u8b66\u544a\u8ba1\u5212\u8981\u7edd\u5bf9\u4fdd\u5bc6\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u628a\u4fe1\u606f\u544a\u8bc9\u4e86\u4eb2\u5c5e\uff0c\u5174\u594b\u548c\u6050\u60e7\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u5f53\u4e2d\u8513\u5ef6\u5f00\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

Ada lichtman\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\uff1a\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u77e5\u660e\u5929\u5c31\u5c06\u7206\u53d1\u8d77\u4e49\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u6084\u6084\u8ba8\u8bba\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5c06\u6b7b\u6389\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e50\u89c2\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u5f00\u59cb\u6084\u6084\u51c6\u5907\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u7761\u4e0d\u7740\uff0c\u8fd9\u665a\u4e0a\u771f\u662f\u96be\u71ac\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u56de\u5fc6\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u6574\u665a\u90fd\u6ca1\u7761\uff0c\u5728\u548c\u83b1\u7279\u66fc\u8ba8\u8bba\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56da\u72af\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u518d\u666e\u901a\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7684\u4e00\u665a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6765\u6e90: \u71c3\u70e7\u7684\u5c9b\u7fa4 \u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0d\u5c11\u672c\u53f7\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u65e9\u5e74\u95f4\u5728\u592e\u89c6\u516d\u5957\u66fe\u7ecf\u770b\u8fc7\u4e00\u90e8\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u7535\u89c6\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u9003\u79bb\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u300b\u3002 \u8be5\u7247\u867d […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[12],"tags":[1417,4409],"views":18,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58727"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=58727"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58727\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":72782,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58727\/revisions\/72782"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=58727"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=58727"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=58727"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}