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\u4f5c\u8005: \u6797\u6653\u5149<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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1\u3001\u82cf\u8054\u6218\u540e\uff08\u6218\u7565\uff09\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\uff1b<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u80cc\u666f\uff1b<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u7ef4\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u53cd\u6620\uff1b<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u7ef4\u5728\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u53cd\u6620\uff1b<\/p>\n

5\u3001\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u7b56\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u63a8\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u5c01\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7535\u62a5\uff0c\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7684\u5404\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f20\u9605\u3001\u8f70\u52a8\u4e00\u65f6\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u51b3\u7b56\u5c42\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u51ef\u5357\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u53d7\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u201c\u6211\u7684\u540d\u58f0\u7531\u6b64\u786e\u7acb\u3002\u201d\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u51ef\u5357\uff08George F.Kennan\uff09\u5728\u81ea\u4f20\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65e0\u5f97\u610f\u5730\u5199\u9053\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u8457\u8ff0\u9887\u4e30\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u8457\u4f5c\u591a\u8fbe20\u672c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u300a\u82cf\u8054\u79bb\u5f00\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u548c\u300a\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\u8fd8\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u666e\u5229\u7b56\u4e66\u5956\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fe\u4e66\u5956\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e16\u4eba\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u51ef\u5357\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u90a3\u5c01\u7535\u62a5\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u9ad8\u5c42\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u957f\u7535\u62a5\u201d\uff0c\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u603b\u7edf\u548c\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6297\u82cf\u8054\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u548c\u5168\u7403\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u63ed\u5f00\u4e86\u51b7\u6218\u7684\u5e8f\u5e55\u3002\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u904f\u5236\u653f\u7b56<\/strong><\/p>\n

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1.\u82cf\u8054\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u662f\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u548c\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u201c\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u66f4\u80fd\u5e72\uff0c\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u62b1\u6709\u754f\u60e7\u5fc3\u7406\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u8c0b\u6c42\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f7b\u5e95\u6bc1\u706d\u540c\u81ea\u5df1\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u8010\u5fc3\u548c\u6b8a\u6b7b\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u51b3\u4e0d\u4f1a\u540c\u90a3\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fbe\u6210\u59a5\u534f\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u82cf\u8054\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6839\u636e\u3002\u51ef\u5357\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u7ef4\u6301\u56fd\u5185\u201c\u72ec\u88c1\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u548c\u540c\u5916\u90e8\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e16\u754c\u8fdb\u884c\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u201c\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u5fc5\u987b\u59cb\u7ec8\u5e84\u4e25\u7684\u62ab\u7740\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5916\u8863\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5bf9\u5185\u865a\u5f31\u7684\u653f\u6743\u83b7\u5f97\u5916\u90e8\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u51ef\u5357\u8ba4\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u8fd1\u671f\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u5207\u65b9\u9762\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u548c\u5a01\u4fe1\uff0c\u529b\u6c42\u5206\u88c2\u548c\u524a\u5f31\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u52aa\u529b\u6269\u5927\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n

4.\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5bf9\u82cf\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6307\u671b\u5728\u53ef\u9047\u89c1\u7684\u5c06\u6765\u540c\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u6743\u4eab\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u4eb2\u5584\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u628a\u82cf\u8054\u5f53\u4f5c\u5bf9\u624b\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f19\u4f34\u3002\u5bf9\u82cf\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u957f\u671f\u7684\u3001\u8010\u5fc3\u7136\u800c\u575a\u5b9a\u3001\u5e76\u4e14\u65f6\u523b\u4fdd\u6301\u8b66\u60d5\u7684\u201c\u904f\u5236\u4fc4\u56fd\u6269\u5f20\u503e\u5411\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u201d\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u667a\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u65e0\u52a8\u4e8e\u8877\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u6b66\u529b\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u8868\u73b0\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u8981\u7f8e\u56fd\u62e5\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5b9e\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u660e\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u904f\u5236\u4f4f\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u8bc9\u8bf8\u6b66\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

5.\u904f\u5236\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u904f\u5236\u82cf\u8054\u6269\u5927\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u628a\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u9650\u5236\u5728\u5176\u672c\u571f\u548c\u4e1c\u6b27\uff0c\u5e76\u7aed\u529b\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u51ef\u5357\u7684\u904f\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u6218\u540e\u521d\u671f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u82cf\u6218\u7565\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u548c\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e3a\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u4e3b\u4e49\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u4e09\u3001\u4ece\u9ed8\u9ed8\u65e0\u95fb\u5230\u98ce\u751f\u6c34\u8d77<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u51ef\u5357\u88ab\u53ec\u56de\u534e\u76db\u987f\uff0c\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u65e8\u5728\u77ed\u671f\u57f9\u8bad\u4e2d\u9ad8\u9636\u519b\u5b98\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6218\u4e89\u5b66\u9662( NationalWar College)\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u526f\u5b98\uff0c\u7ed9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u519b\u653f\u7cbe\u82f1\u4eec\u8bb2\u6388\u5df2\u7ecf\u201c\u8d77\u4e8e\u9752\u840d\u4e4b\u672b\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u201c\u76db\u6012\u4e8e\u571f\u56ca\u4e4b\u53e3\u201d\u7684\u51b7\u6218\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u51ef\u5357\u5927\u91cf\u9605\u8bfb\u6709\u5173\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u53f2\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u53f2\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u6218\u7565\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u591a\u6b21\u5ea7\u8c08\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u81ea\u5b66\u4e86\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u53cd\u590d\u63a8\u6572\u3001\u8fa9\u9a73\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba\u3001\u4f9d\u636e\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u5177\u6709\u660e\u6670\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u4e25\u5bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u201c\u904f\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53d8\u5e7b\u83ab\u6d4b\u3001\u98ce\u751f\u6c34\u8d77\u76841947\u5e74\u662f\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u51ef\u5357\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u67f3\u6697\u82b1\u660e\u3001\u5750\u770b\u4e91\u8d77\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u3002\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u957f\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u79c1\u4eba\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8981\u6c42\u51ef\u5357\u5199\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u76ee\u524d\u56fd\u9645\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u51ef\u5357\u5c06\u6587\u7ae0\u5448\u4e0a\u540e\uff0c\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u957f\u5927\u4e3a\u8d5e\u8d4f\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e24\u4e2a\u81f3\u4ea4\u4f20\u9605\u3002\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u76847\u6708\uff0c\u300a\u5916\u4ea4\u5b63\u520a\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u51ef\u5357\u4ee5X\u7f72\u540d\u3001\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u82cf\u8054\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u300b\u7684\u8457\u540d\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9610\u53d1\u4e86\u5176\u5bf9\u82cf\u653f\u7b56\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u51ef\u5357\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u6218\u4e89\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ea\u662f\u8fc7\u6e21\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u9ad8\u5c42\u610f\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u4ed6\u80fd\u5426\u80dc\u4efb\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u884c\u653f\u804c\u52a1\u30021947\u5e74\u6625\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u7684\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u5c06\u519b\u4ece\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u56de\u5230\u534e\u76db\u987f\uff0c\u6df1\u4e3a\u897f\u6b27\u4e25\u5cfb\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u52bf\u800c\u5fe7\u8651\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u53ec\u6765\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u5b66\u9662\u5f85\u4e86\u534a\u5e74\u7684\u51ef\u5357\u3002\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u5f88\u8d4f\u8bc6\u957f\u7535\u62a5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u51ef\u5357\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u80fd\u591f\u6e05\u9192\u8ba4\u6e05\u6b27\u6d32\u73b0\u72b6\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u8981\u6c42\u51ef\u5357\u5fc5\u987b\u9a6c\u4e0a\u4e2d\u6b62\u539f\u672c\u9884\u8ba1\u5e74\u5e95\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u6559\u804c\uff0c\u5728\u4e24\u5468\u4e4b\u5185\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4(Policy Planning Staff)\u3002\u4ece1947\u5e745\u6708\u81f31948\u5e74\u672b\uff0c\u51ef\u5357\u5c31\u5728\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u9694\u58c1\u7684\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u4ee5\u957f\u7535\u62a5\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u4e4b\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u624b\u6bb5\u63f4\u52a9\u897f\u6b27\u4ee5\u9632\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u6563\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5e74\u534a\u5185\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u63f4\u6b27\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5373\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u590d\u5174\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c141947\u5e746\u6708\u8457\u540d\u7684\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6f14\u8bb2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u53f2\u79f0\u201c\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u3002\u957f\u7535\u62a5\u662f\u201c\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8bf1\u56e0\uff0c\u672c\u4eba\u53c8\u662f\u201c\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8d77\u8349\u8005\uff0c\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u51ef\u5357\u5728\u6b64\u4e8b\u4e0a\u5c45\u529f\u81f3\u4f1f\u3002\u77ed\u77ed\u4e24\u5e74\u5185\uff0c\u957f\u7535\u62a5\u3001\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u8ba1\u5212\u3001X\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u51ef\u5357\u50cf\u4e58\u76f4\u5347\u98de\u673a\u4e00\u822c\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u5916\u4ea4\u751f\u6daf\u7684\u9876\u5cf0\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u2014\u2014\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50<\/p>\n

1949\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u8ba1\u5212\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e24\u5468\u5e74\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u7ecf\u6d4e\u660e\u663e\u590d\u82cf\uff081948\u5e74\u81f31952\u5e74\u662f\u6218\u540e\u6b27\u6d32\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u6f14\u8bb2\u7684\u665a\u5bb4\uff0c\u51fa\u5e2d\u8005\u6709\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u603b\u7edf\u3001\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u5c06\u519b\u4ee5\u53ca\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u8ba1\u5212\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u4f7f\u8282\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u4ee5\u6b64\u611f\u8c22\u5df2\u4e8e\u5e74\u521d\u9000\u4f11\u7684\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u5c06\u519b\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u51ef\u5357\u867d\u7136\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0e\u65b0\u4efb\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u827e\u5947\u900a(Dean Acheson)\u5728\u8bf8\u591a\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0a\u610f\u89c1\u76f8\u5de6\u800c\u98ce\u5149\u4e0d\u518d\u3002\u53ef\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u8fd8\u662f\u4ee5\u8001\u4e0a\u53f8\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u627e\u5230\u51ef\u5357\u5e2e\u5fd9\u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4efd\u7b54\u8c22\u8bcd\uff0c\u5f53\u51ef\u5357\u628a\u8bb2\u7a3f\u6539\u597d\u9001\u4ea4\u65f6\uff0c\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u4fbf\u987a\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u5730\u8bf7\u4ed6\u540c\u8d74\u665a\u5bb4\u2014\u2014\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u8981\u6c42\u51ef\u5357\u4fee\u6539\u6f14\u8bb2\u7a3f\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u987a\u52bf\u9080\u8bf7\u51ef\u5357\u51fa\u5e2d\u665a\u5bb4\u7684\u501f\u53e3\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u665a\u5bb4\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bbe\u5ba2\u5982\u4e91\u3001\u70db\u5149\u76c8\u76c8\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u4eec\u89e5\u7b79\u4ea4\u9519\u3001\u8c08\u7b11\u98ce\u751f\u3002\u5f53\u5404\u56fd\u4f7f\u8282\u8bb2\u5b8c\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u611f\u6069\u6234\u5fb7\u7684\u606d\u7ef4\u8bdd\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u5b57\u4e0d\u6f0f\u5730\u5ff5\u5b8c\u4e86\u51ef\u5357\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u8bb2\u7a3f\u3002\u5728\u638c\u58f0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f17\u4eba\u4e3e\u676f\u5411\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u795d\u9152\uff0c\u8001\u5c06\u519b\u633a\u8eab\u4e3e\u676f\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u671d\u5411\u8d35\u5bbe\u5e2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u5916\u4ea4\u4f7f\u8282\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7279\u6709\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u6a21\u4eff\u7684\u4eb2\u5207\u201d(hisown inimitable graciousness)\u548c\u5fae\u7b11\u7684\u773c\u795e\u5411\u6ca1\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u5750\u8d35\u5bbe\u5e2d\u3001\u8fdc\u5728\u5bb4\u4f1a\u5385\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u7684\u51ef\u5357\u4e3e\u676f\u81f4\u610f\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u51ef\u5357\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u4e00\u996e\u800c\u5c3d\u676f\u4e2d\u4e4b\u9152\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u5929\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u51ef\u5357\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u4ece\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5bc4\u51fa\u7684\u4eb2\u7b14\u4fe1\uff1a\u4eb2\u7231\u7684\u51ef\u5357\uff1a\u6211\u90a3\u591c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5730\u611f\u8c22\u4f60\u4e3a\u5468\u65e5\u665a\u5bb4\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u60f3\u66f4\u6b63\u5f0f\u5730\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u6211\u5341\u5206\u611f\u6fc0\u4f60\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u8017\u8d39\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7cbe\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f60\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4f60\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u4e0a\u5468\u65e5\u665a\u5bb4\u6f14\u8bb2\u7684\u4e0d\u4e8c\u4eba\u9009\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u5e74\u524d\u4f60\u4e3a\u6700\u521d\u7684\u54c8\u4f5b\u6f14\u8bb2\u66fe\u505a\u8fc7\u76f8\u4f3c\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u662f\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f60\u5fe0\u8bda\u7684\uff0cG\uff0eC\uff0e\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14<\/p>\n

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\u56db\u3001\u9ad8\u5904\u4e0d\u80dc\u5bd2 \u00a0\u4f55\u4f3c\u5728\u4eba\u95f4<\/strong><\/p>\n

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1947\u5e742\u6708\u672b\uff0c\u5c1a\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u5b66\u9662\u4efb\u6559\u7684\u51ef\u5357\u7a81\u7136\u63a5\u5230\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u51ef\u5357\u4e3b\u6301\u3001\u4e13\u95e8\u7814\u7a76\u5e0c\u814a\u548c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e09\u5468\u540e\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u603b\u7edf\u5c31\u5e0c\u814a\u548c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56fd\u4f1a\u6f14\u8bb2\u8d77\u8349\u8bb2\u7a3f\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u51ef\u5357\u4e0e\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u65e5\u4ee5\u7ee7\u591c\u5730\u8d76\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u8be6\u5b9e\u4e2d\u80af\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u51ef\u5357\u57fa\u4e8e\u5728\u957f\u7535\u62a5\u4e2d\u6240\u5206\u6790\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u4e0d\u6562\u8d38\u7136\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u9762\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u8fd9\u6837\u8c28\u614e\u654f\u611f\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u5728\u571f\u8033\u5176\u3001\u5e0c\u814a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u907f\u514d\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u5c31\u4e8b\u8bba\u4e8b\u624d\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u9488\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u666e\u904d\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u4e89\u593a\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e94\u3001\u76d6\u68fa\u8bba\u5b9a \u00a0\u5343\u79cb\u529f\u7f6a\u4efb\u8bc4\u8bf4<\/strong><\/p>\n

1950\u5e74\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u827e\u5947\u900a\u59d4\u6258\u51ef\u5357\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u9a7b\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9a6c\u7acb\u514b\u78cb\u5546\u89e3\u51b3\u671d\u9c9c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u78cb\u5546\u6700\u7ec8\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u548c\u505c\u706b\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7b7e\u7f72\u30021952\u5e74\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u8f9e\u53bb\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u4e3b\u4efb\u4e00\u804c\u7684\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u51ef\u5357\u66fe\u5148\u540e\u51fa\u4efb\u9a7b\u82cf\u8054\u548c\u9a7b\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u7684\u5927\u4f7f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7aed\u5c3d\u5168\u529b\u7f13\u548c\u51b7\u6218\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5c40\u52bf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u7f8e\u82cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u6218\u4e89\u5371\u9669\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u800c\u5fe7\u5fc3\u5fe1\u5fe1\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e8b\u4e0e\u613f\u8fdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6700\u4e86\u89e3\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5c45\u7136\u88ab\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u56e0\u800c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u9eef\u7136\u56de\u56fd\u3002\u5728\u5f3a\u8c03\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5bf9\u7acb\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6297\u7684\u51b7\u6218\u4e4b\u98ce\u8d77\u4e91\u6d8c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u51ef\u5357\u7a7a\u6709\u62b1\u8d1f\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u5374\u59cb\u7ec8\u65e0\u6240\u4f5c\u4e3a\u30021953\u5e74\uff0c\u88ab\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u51b7\u6218\u6597\u58eb\u201d\u7684\u7ea6\u7ff0-\u798f\u65af\u7279-\u675c\u52d2\u65af\u51fa\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u52a0\u5267\u519b\u4e8b\u9886\u57df\u7684\u51b7\u6218\u5bf9\u6297\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u7f13\u548c\u7f8e\u82cf\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u51ef\u5357\u4e0e\u4e4b\u8bdd\u4e0d\u6295\u673a\u534a\u53e5\u591a\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u88ab\u89e3\u96c7\u3002\u4ed5\u9014\u4e0a\u7684\u632b\u6298\u4f7f\u4e4b\u8f6c\u5411\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u51fa\u4eba\u610f\u6599\u5730\u52a0\u76df\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\u66fe\u75db\u6068\u7684\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u9ad8\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5965\u672c\u6d77\u9ed8\u529b\u6392\u4f17\u8bae\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u591a\u5c11\u80fd\u591f\u7f13\u89e3\u51ef\u5357\u88ab\u65e0\u6545\u89e3\u96c7\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4e4b\u611f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f17\u4eba\u8bae\u8bba\u7eb7\u7eb7\uff0c\u4f46\u51ef\u5357\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52e4\u594b\u523b\u82e6\u548c\u6770\u51fa\u4e1a\u7ee9\u5835\u4f4f\u4e86\u6c79\u6c79\u4e4b\u53e3\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u88ab\u516c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u9ad8\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\uff0c\u51ef\u5357\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\u7b14\u8015\u4e0d\u8f8d\u3001\u5927\u4f5c\u8fed\u51fa\uff0c\u8457\u4f5c\u591a\u8fbe20\u672c\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u62ff\u904d\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u56fe\u4e66\u5927\u5956\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u300a\u82cf\u8054\u79bb\u5f00\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u548c\u300a\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\u8fd8\u66fe\u5206\u522b\u83b7\u5f97\u666e\u5229\u7b56\u5956\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fe\u4e66\u5956\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u51ef\u5357\u4ecd\u7136\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u751f\u6daf\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u7b3c\u7f69\u5728\u8981\u4e48\u51fa\u4e66\u3001\u8981\u4e48\u8d70\u4eba\u7684\u9634\u5f71\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u76f4\u5230\u9000\u4f11\u4ee5\u540e\u624d\u5411\u4eb2\u5bc6\u670b\u53cb\u5410\u9732\u7684\u5fc3\u58f0\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66<\/p>\n

1999\u5e74\u521d\u590f\uff0c\u4f20\u8bb0\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5218\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u5361\u8fea\u65af(John Lewis Gaddis)\u524d\u5f80\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u770b\u671b\u65f6\u5e7495\u5c81\u7684\u51ef\u5357\u3002\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6821\u56ed\u98ce\u666f\u5982\u6628\uff0c\u54e5\u7279\u5f0f\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u5c16\u9876\uff0c\u90c1\u90c1\u8471\u8471\u7684\u8001\u6811\uff0c\u82b3\u8349\u840b\u840b\u7684\u8349\u576a\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5c11\u5e74\u51ef\u5357\u66fe\u70ed\u70c8\u5730\u5411\u5f80\u8fc7\uff0c\u89c6\u4e3a\u6551\u547d\u7a3b\u8349\u90a3\u6837\u4f9d\u9644\u8fc7\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u9752\u5e74\u51ef\u5357\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u770b\u6e05\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u8d2b\u5bcc\u4e0d\u5747\u3001\u9636\u5c42\u5206\u5316\u7684\u771f\u76f8\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5fc3\u7070\u610f\u51b7\u8fdc\u8d70\u4ed6\u4e61\uff1b\u4e2d\u5e74\u51ef\u5357\u867d\u66fe\u6709\u8fc7\u6625\u98ce\u5f97\u610f\u7684\u65f6\u5149\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5728\u5c14\u865e\u6211\u8bc8\u3001\u52fe\u5fc3\u6597\u89d2\u7684\u5b98\u573a\u4f24\u75d5\u7d2f\u7d2f\uff0c\u4ece\u5e99\u5802\u4e4b\u9ad8\u9000\u56de\u6c5f\u6e56\u4e4b\u8fdc\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u6c5f\u6e56\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u53ef\u671b\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca\u7684\u6843\u82b1\u6e90\uff0c\u5374\u504f\u504f\u662f\u8fd9\u6240\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4e00\u8a00\u96be\u5c3d\u3001\u767e\u611f\u4ea4\u96c6\u7684\u6bcd\u6821\u3002\u51ef\u535720\u5c81\u65f6\u6240\u538c\u6076\u7684\u8fd9\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u91cc\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u5206\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u572820\u591a\u5e74\u540e\u6709\u591a\u5927\u6539\u89c2\u5462\uff1f\u5c3d\u7ba1\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u6b64\u65f6\u5df2\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u5b66\u751f\uff0c1969\u5e74\u8d77\u4e5f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u7537\u5973\u540c\u6821\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcb\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e38\u6625\u85e4\u540d\u6821\u4e2d\u6700\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u653f\u754c\u7eb7\u6742\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6c89\u6d6e\u548c\u6298\u78e8\uff0c\u66ae\u5e74\u7684\u51ef\u5357\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u6de1\u4e86\u9752\u5e74\u65f6\u4ee3\u96be\u4ee5\u5fcd\u53d7\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u3001\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5728\u8fd9\u6240\u6bcd\u6821\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4f59\u751f\u3002\u5f00\u5934\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u7684\u540d\u58f0\u8fd8\u8fdc\u8fd1\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u6821\u65b9\u66fe\u53cd\u590d\u6e38\u8bf4\u4ed6\u5f00\u4e00\u4e24\u95e8\u8bfe\u8bb2\u8bb2\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7684\u5f80\u4e8b\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u4ed6\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u6f14\u8bb2\u8005\u3002\u6211\u5199\u6587\u7ae0\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u6070\u6070\u9053\u5c3d\u4e86\u4ed6\u4f55\u4ee5\u6210\u540d\u53c8\u4e3a\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u53c8\u8fc7\u4e86\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u6253\u6405\u4e00\u4e2a\u8001\u6559\u6388\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e86\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u76f4\u5230\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u957f\u8fbe30\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5b81\u9759\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u2014\u2014\u8bfb\u4e66\u3001\u5199\u4f5c\u3001\u9493\u9c7c\u3001\u6253\u9ad8\u5c14\u592b\u7403\u2014\u2014\u5982\u540c\u957f\u7535\u62a5\u53d1\u8868\u4e4b\u524d\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7247\u4ed6\u6b22\u559c\u53c8\u8ba8\u538c\u7684\u6821\u56ed\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e73\u9759\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7740\uff0c\u770b\u7740\u5b59\u8f88\u4eec\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u51fa\u751f\u3001\u957f\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

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