{"id":59731,"date":"2025-10-24T06:06:52","date_gmt":"2025-10-23T22:06:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=59731"},"modified":"2025-10-24T06:07:07","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T22:07:07","slug":"%e4%b8%8d%e6%83%85%e6%84%bf%e7%9a%84%e6%88%98%e5%a3%ab%ef%bc%9a%e4%bc%9f%e5%a4%a7%e5%8d%ab%e5%9b%bd%e6%88%98%e4%ba%89%e6%9c%9f%e9%97%b4%e7%9a%84%e9%9d%9e%e4%bf%84%e7%bd%97%e6%96%af%e6%97%8f%e5%86%9b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=59731","title":{"rendered":"\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\u7684\u6218\u58eb\uff1a\u4f1f\u5927\u536b\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u519b\u4eba1941-1945"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6765\u6e90: \u5c0f\u718a\u732b\u7684\u5927\u5386\u53f2\u00a0 \u4f5c\u8005: \u8d75\u56fd\u661f<\/p>\n

\u8bd1\u8005\u7684\u8bdd\uff1a\u63d0\u5230\u4e1c\u7ebf\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u9996\u5148\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u662f\u6b66\u88c5\u515a\u536b\u519b\u4e2d\u8bf8\u591a\u82cf\u8054\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u82e5\u5e72\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u670b\u53cb\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5927\u90fd\u4e0d\u6ee1\u4e8e\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u4e25\u5389\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5012\u5411\u5fb7\u519b\u4e00\u8fb9\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u536b\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u82cf\u8054\u7ea2\u519b\u4ecd\u6709\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u5c11\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3a\u4fdd\u536b\u7956\u56fd\u800c\u6218\uff0c\u82cf\u519b\u4e5f\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u8bf8\u591a\u4ee5\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u636e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u82cf\u519b\u5148\u540e\u7ec4\u5efa\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u5305\u62ec26\u4e2a\u6b65\u5175\u5e08\u548c\u5c71\u5730\u6b65\u5175\u5e08\u300122\u4e2a\u9a91\u5175\u5e08\u548c\u9a91\u5175\u65c5\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u5374\u88ab\u63a9\u57cb\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u539f\u6807\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\u7684\u6218\u58eb\uff1a\u4f1f\u5927\u536b\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u519b\u4eba\u201d\uff08The Reluctant Warriors: The Non-Russian Nationalities in Service of the Red Army During the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945\uff09\u520a\u8f7d\u4e8e\u300a\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u519b\u4e8b\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08The Journal of Slavic Military Studies\uff09Vol.6, No.3 (September 1993)\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u672c\u6587\u6210\u6587\u65f6\u95f4\u53ca\u539f\u4f5c\u8005\u64b0\u6587\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u5185\u5bb9\u5bf9\u82cf\u519b\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u77db\u76fe\u6709\u7247\u9762\u7684\u5938\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e1941\u5e74\u52301945\u5e74\u4e1c\u7ebf\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u548c\u6b66\u88c5\u515a\u536b\u519b\u4e2d\u670d\u5f79\u7684\u7ea6150\u4e07\u82cf\u8054\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\u4e3a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u800c\u6218\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u2014\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5a01\u80c1\u3001\u6050\u5413\u6216\u8005\u52c9\u5f3a\u4e3a\u82cf\u519b\u670d\u5f79\u3002<\/p>\n

1941\u5e746\u670822\u65e5\u82cf\u5fb7\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u4e4b\u524d\u65af\u5927\u6797\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5265\u524a\u548c\u9547\u538b\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u672c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u5f88\u591a\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u5012\u5411\u5165\u4fb5\u5fb7\u519b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u54c1\u5c1d\u8fc7\u5fb7\u519b\u5360\u9886\u4e0b\u7684\u6ecb\u5473\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005S\u00b7\u6069\u5fb7\u65af\u00b7\u6e29\u5e03\u4ec0\uff08S. Enders Wimbush\uff09\u548c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u963f\u5217\u514b\u8c22\u8036\u592b\uff08Alexander Alexiev\uff09\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u9488\u5bf9\u88ab\u5360\u9886\u571f\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6765\u5f97\u592a\u8fdf\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u717d\u52a8\u5404\u8def\u5fc3\u6000\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e1c\u7ebf\u6218\u573a\u6218\u5c40\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

\u30101\u3011<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u6743\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u9762\u4e34\u5fb7\u519b\u5165\u4fb5\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u9886\u571f\u5927\u91cf\u6ca6\u9677\uff0c\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u5927\u91cf\u4e27\u5931\uff0c\u7ea2\u519b\u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7ec4\u5efa\u4ee5\u67d0\u4e9b\u672c\u5730\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5730\u65b9\u90e8\u961f\u201d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u65cf\u3001\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b\u65cf\u3001\u683c\u9c81\u5409\u4e9a\u65cf\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u90e8\u961f\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u7531\u67d0\u4e2a\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6c11\u65cf\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u519b\u5b98\u548c\u58eb\u5b98\u62c5\u4efb\u9aa8\u5e72\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u65b9\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u7ec4\u5efa\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u79cd\u79cd\u5fe7\u8651\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u5df4\u5df4\u7f57\u8428\u201d\u6218\u5f79\u7206\u53d1\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u7ea2\u519b\u786e\u5b9e\u522b\u65e0\u4ed6\u6cd5\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u662f1941\u5e74\u52301945\u5e74\u7ea2\u519b\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u7ec4\u5efa\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e1943\u5e747\u6708\u7684\u201c\u57ce\u5821\u201d\u6218\u5f79\u5373\u5e93\u5c14\u65af\u514b\u6218\u5f79\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u88ab\u9010\u6e10\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7ec4\u5efa\u7684\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u81ea\u88ab\u89e3\u653e\u9886\u571f\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n

\u80cc\u666f<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7ea2\u519b\u4e2d\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bdd\u9898\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u519b\u961f\u65e9\u671f\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u552f\u5176\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5927\u91cf\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u5f81\u5165\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e00\u653f\u7b56\u4e5f\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u540e\u6765\u57281946\u5e74\u66f4\u540d\u7684\u201c\u82cf\u8054\u6b66\u88c5\u529b\u91cf\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u30102\u3011<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6c99\u4fc4\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5927\u516c\u6216\u6c99\u7687\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\u4e0b\u594b\u6218\uff0c\u4ece\u4f0a\u51e1\u56db\u4e16\u5230\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u4e8c\u4e16\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u201c\u85e9\u519b\u201d\uff08\u0418\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0412\u043e\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u2014\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u5916\u7c4d\u519b\u961f\u201d\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b63\u5f0f\u79f0\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u58eb\u5175\u867d\u7136\u5728\u4fc4\u519b\u4e2d\u53ea\u662f\u5c11\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fa6\u5bdf\u5175\u3001\u6563\u5175\u548c\u8f85\u52a9\u90e8\u961f\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u90fd\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4fc4\u519b\u5141\u8bb8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u58eb\u5175\u4fdd\u7559\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u6c11\u65cf\u7279\u8272\u7684\u670d\u9970\u548c\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u6c99\u4fc4\u91ce\u6218\u519b\u56e2\u67d3\u6307\u6bd7\u90bb\u571f\u8033\u5176\u7684\u5916\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u5730\u533a\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b63\u89c4\u519b\u4eba\u670d\u5f79\u3002\u5728\u514b\u91cc\u7c73\u4e9a\u6218\u4e89\uff081853\u5e74\u20141856\u5e74\uff09\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6c99\u7687\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u4e00\u4e16\u4eb2\u81ea\u6307\u6325\u768437700\u540d\u58eb\u5175\u5c31\u6765\u81ea\u8bf8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5e94A\u00b7A\u00b7\u6ce2\u5229\u4e07\u8bfa\u592b\uff08A. A. Polivanov\uff09\u5c06\u519b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u675c\u9a6c\u6d77\u519b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2dI\u00b7M\u00b7\u8f9b\u52a0\u5217\u592b\u4e0b\u4ee4\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u201c\u5916\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u3001\u571f\u8033\u5176\u65af\u5766\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u5409\u5c14\u5409\u65af\u4eba\u201d\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6c99\u4fc4\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u65f6\u901a\u884c\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u662f\u7981\u6b62\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c11\u65cf\u7ec4\u5efa\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u6301\u6709\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u3002\u30103\u3011\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6c99\u4fc4\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u653f\u7b56\u7981\u6b62\u6b66\u88c5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u653f\u7b56\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u8c03\u6574\u662f\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u6b66\u88c5\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u653f\u7b56\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u7eed\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5e94\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u505a\u51fa\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u800c\u5404\u4e2a\u65cf\u7fa4\u5bf9\u672c\u5730\u7684\u201c\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5316\u201d\u653f\u7b56\u4ecd\u62b1\u6709\u654c\u610f\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u540e\u5ba3\u4f20\u6240\u6709\u6c11\u65cf\u4e00\u5f8b\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u8981\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u6c11\u65cf\u201c\u66f4\u5e73\u7b49\u201d\u3002\u4ece\u9769\u547d\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5728\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u91cc\u7279\u522b\u662f\u519b\u961f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u5c31\u5360\u591a\u6570\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u65b9\u8fd8\u7ef4\u6301\u5e76\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u7981\u6b62\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u670d\u5f79\u7684\u7981\u4ee4\uff0c\u76f4\u52301941\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u540e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7981\u4ee4\u624d\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5a01\u80c1\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c1938\u5e74\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u89e3\u6563\u7ea2\u519b\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u7ea2\u519b\u5ba3\u79f0\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u65e2\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u7ea2\u519b\u5f00\u59cb\u7ec4\u5efa\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u57fa\u5e72\u5236\u201d\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6b64\u524d\u6709\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u65f6\u62c5\u4efb\u201c\u4e00\u7ebf\u90e8\u961f\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u6218\u4e91\u5bc6\u5e03\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u6218\u6597\u529b\u62b1\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6000\u7591\u3002\u30105\u3011<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u6b65\u5175\u548c\u9a91\u5175\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u7ea2\u519b\u5c06\u9886\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5fb7\u519b1939\u5e74\u5728\u6ce2\u5170\u548c1940\u5e74\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u201c\u95ea\u7535\u6218\u201d\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u7f16\u5236\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u5408\u65f6\u5b9c\u4e86\u3002\u30106\u3011\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u673a\u52a8\u548c\u8bf8\u5175\u79cd\u534f\u540c\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6295\u5165\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6b65\u5175\u6216\u9a91\u5175\u90e8\u961f\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fdb\u653b\u5df2\u7ecf\u843d\u4f0d\u4e86\u3002\u6069\u5fb7\u65af\u00b7\u6e29\u5e03\u4ec0\u548c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u963f\u5217\u514b\u8c22\u8036\u592b\u6307\u51fa\u201c\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db320\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\uff08\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u7684\u8bf4\uff0c40\u5e74\u4ee3\uff09\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u9700\u6c42\u201d\u30107\u3011<\/p>\n

\u7ec4\u5efa\u5e76\u7ef4\u6301\u5730\u65b9\u90e8\u961f\u6216\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5f02\u5730\u9a7b\u624e\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u961f\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u9a7b\u624e\u5728\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u6240\u5728\u884c\u653f\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9a7b\u624e\u5728\u201c\u672c\u571f\u201d\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u5143\u5e05A\u00b7A\u00b7\u683c\u5217\u5947\u79d1\u540e\u6765\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff0c\u82cf\u519b\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u4e0d\u5b89\u6392\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u5728\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u9a7b\u624e\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\u201c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u3001\u5730\u5f62\u6216\u6218\u573a\u6001\u52bf\u4e0b\u201d\u6295\u5165\u6218\u6597\u3002\u30108\u3011\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u5f80\u5f80\u9a7b\u624e\u5728\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5b89\u5168\u533a\u57df\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u4e1c\u897f\u4e24\u7ebf\u5047\u60f3\u654c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\u8def\u7ebf\u4e0a\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u9ad8\u5c42\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u65b0\u7ec4\u5efa\u7684\u57fa\u5e72\u90e8\u961f\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u961f\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5fe0\u8bda\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u7ecf\u53d7\u8003\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u572830\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u523040\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u519b\u65b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4f461941\u5e746\u670822\u65e5\u5fb7\u519b\u5927\u4e3e\u5165\u4fb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u5927\u91cf\u9886\u571f\u7684\u6ca6\u9677\uff0c\u8ba9\u82cf\u519b\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u8651\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u975e\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u5fb7\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6295\u5165\u5230\u6218\u6597\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u5e05\u90e8\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6b64\u524d\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u4e0e\u6218\u6597\u529b\u7684\u6000\u7591\u5e76\u975e\u6beb\u65e0\u9053\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4f1f\u5927\u536b\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u65b9\u4ecd\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u6700\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u8bb3\u83ab\u5982\u6df1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6218\u4e89\u521d\u671f\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u6218\u7ee9\u4e5f\u8ba9\u519b\u65b9\u76f8\u5f53\u56f0\u7a98\u3002\u540e\u6587\u5c06\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u519b\u65b9\u5728\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u5f81\u53ec\u3001\u7f16\u5236\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f81\u5175<\/p>\n

\u57281941\u5e74\u82cf\u5fb7\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u4ece\u7eb8\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u7ea2\u519b\u662f\u4e00\u652f\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u58eb\u5175\u6765\u81ea\u82cf\u8054\u6240\u6709\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u66f4\u5305\u62ec\u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\u541e\u5e76\u7684\u62c9\u8131\u7ef4\u4e9a\u3001\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u548c\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u4f1f\u5927\u536b\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4f17\u591a\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4eba\u53e3\u6ca6\u5165\u5fb7\u5360\u533a\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u4ece\u5404\u4e2a\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u62db\u52df\u975e\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u6c11\u65cf\u58eb\u5175\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f81\u5175\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u76f8\u5f53\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b98\u65b9\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u58eb\u5175\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u524d\u4e09\u5e74\u53db\u9003\u5230\u5fb7\u519b\u90a3\u8fb9\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u82cf\u8054\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u963f\u5c14\u4e54\u6885\u592b\uff08Artem’ev\uff09\u6240\u5199\uff0c\u5728\u5f81\u5175\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7b5b\u9009\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ea2\u519b\u653f\u6cbb\u603b\u5c40\u8fde\u7bc7\u7d2f\u724d\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u201c\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u5bf9\u82cf\u519b\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u5f71\u54cd\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\u201d\u3002\u30109\u3011\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u82cf\u73ca\u00b7\u67ef\u4f26\uff08Susan L.Curran\uff09\u548c\u5fb7\u7c73\u7279\u91cc\u00b7\u6ce2\u7eb3\u9a6c\u96f7\u592b\uff08Dmitry Ponamareff\uff09\u540c\u6837\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u62db\u52df\u4e2d\u4e9a\u4eba\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u505a\u7684\u6bd4\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u6210\u529f\u3002\u301010\u3011<\/p>\n

\u897f\u65b9\u548c\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u82cf\u519b\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u7cdf\u7cd5\u8868\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u662f\u53db\u9003\u3001\u5f00\u5c0f\u5dee\u548c\u9ebb\u6728\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u6b63\u662f\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab\u4ece\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5bf9\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u201d\u4fdd\u6301\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u800c\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8c28\u614e\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7ea2\u519b\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u9650\u5236\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u6295\u5165\u603b\u4f53\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u5fb7\u519b\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u63a8\u8fdb\u8feb\u4f7f\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u5e05\u90e8\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u6218\u524d\u53d6\u6d88\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u82e5\u6448\u5f03\u201c\u7ecf\u8425\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u8bf4\u5176\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u53ef\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u6709\u6c11\u65cf\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u6765\u6e90\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u6b65\u5175\u519b\u6216\u9a91\u5175\u519b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u961f\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u521a\u521a\u88ab\u82cf\u8054\u541e\u5e76\u7684\u62c9\u8131\u7ef4\u4e9a\u3001\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b\u548c\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u4e9a\u8bf8\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7ec4\u5efa\u7684\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u6258\u4f0a\u6c83\u00b7\u52b3\u6069\uff08Toivo Raun\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u57281941\u5e746\u6708\u5fb7\u519b\u5317\u65b9\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u7fa4\u62b5\u8fbe\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u52a8\u5458\u4e86\u5927\u7ea633000\u540d\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\u7ea2\u519b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u662f\u201c\u5fd7\u613f\u5175\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u5fe0\u8bda\u5ea6\u4e00\u5ea6\u53d7\u5230\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u540e\u6765\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u7f16\u5165\u7ea2\u519b\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7b2c8\u519b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u88ab\u7f16\u5165\u7ea2\u519b\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u5e72\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u201c\u901a\u654c\u201d\u7684\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u5173\u62bc\u5728\u52b3\u6539\u8425\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4e27\u751f\u3002\u301011\u3011\u622a\u6b62\u52301942\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u7ea2\u519b\u4e2d\u603b\u5171\u6709\u7ea62\u4e07\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u670d\u5f79\u3002\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7b2c8\u519b\u4e8e1942\u5e74\u79cb\u5927\u5362\u57fa\u53ca\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u5730\u533a\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u548c\u5fb7\u519b\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u7fa4\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u6218\u6597\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u51e0\u4e4e\u635f\u5931\u6b86\u5c3d\u3002\u5927\u5362\u57fa\u6218\u5f79\u671f\u95f4\u6709\u8d85\u8fc71000\u540d\u82cf\u519b\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u58eb\u5175\u4e22\u6389\u6b66\u5668\u5411\u5fb7\u519b\u6295\u8bda\uff0c\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u65b9\u5bf9\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u6218\u6597\u529b\u7684\u6000\u7591\u3002\u301012\u3011<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u662f\u7531\u5730\u65b9\u4eba\u5458\u7ec4\u5efa\u7684\u9884\u5907\u5f79\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u5176\u4eba\u5458\u6765\u81ea\u5355\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u961f\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u81ea\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8131\u79bb\u82cf\u8054\u519b\u65b9\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u6325\u3002\u5176\u9aa8\u5e72\uff0c\u5373\u519b\u5b98\u548c\u58eb\u5b98\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4eba\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u548c\u767d\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u6cbb\u59d4\u5458\u5219\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5f53\u5730\u6c11\u65cf\u3002\u301013\u3011<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6210\u529f\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u90e8\u961f\u548c\u9884\u5907\u5f79\u90e8\u961f\u90fd\u88ab\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u5176\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u8f6c\u5165\u4e86\u7ea2\u519b\u5176\u4ed6\u6b65\u5175\u6216\u88c5\u7532\u5175\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8005\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u5c3c\u5c14\u68ee\uff08Daniel Nelson\uff09\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u7ec4\u5efa\u5730\u65b9\u90e8\u961f\u548c\u9884\u5907\u5f79\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u5728\u82cf\u519b\u5411\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u64a4\u9000\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u52a0\u5f3a\u9632\u5fa1\u80fd\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u5f53\u65f6\u4ec5\u6709\u7684\u5c1a\u672a\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f13\u89e3\u7ea2\u519b\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u56fd\u9632\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5ba3\u5e03\u7ec4\u5efa\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u301014\u3011\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u4f46\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u65b9\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u751f\u6b7b\u5b58\u4ea1\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u52a8\u5458\u5168\u4f53\u4eba\u6c11\u53c2\u52a0\u5bf9\u5fb7\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u6750\u6599\u6240\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u662f\u4ee5\u5404\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u548c\u81ea\u6cbb\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7ec4\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8865\u5145\u52a8\u5458\u624b\u6bb5\u5e76\u5de9\u56fa\u56fd\u9632\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u52a8\u5458\u8ba1\u5212\u4e4b\u5916\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6700\u5145\u5206\u7684\u52a8\u5458\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u5728\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u301015\u3011<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u5e05\u90e8\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u201d\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u5c55\u5f00\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u7684\u540e\u52e4\u4fdd\u969c\u548c\u7269\u8d44\u652f\u6491\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u5e05\u90e8\u867d\u7136\u53cd\u590d\u5f3a\u8c03\u8981\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u4f46\u7ea2\u519b\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u5374\u5f80\u5f80\u65e0\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e00\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u653e\u4efb\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u4eec\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u86ee\u5b50\u201d\uff08\u041d\u0410\u0426\u041c\u0415\u041d\uff0c\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5bf9\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u7b49\u5357\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u79f0\u547c\uff09\u81ea\u751f\u81ea\u706d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u6839\u636e1939\u5e748\u670823\u65e5\u7b7e\u8ba2\u300a\u82cf\u5fb7\u4e92\u4e0d\u4fb5\u72af\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u540e\u521a\u521a\u541e\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u897f\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u5730\u533a\u5f81\u5175\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u77ed\u3002\u7ea2\u519b\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f81\u5175\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5316\u201d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d7\u5230\u963b\u788d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u4e24\u70b9\u3002\u5176\u4e00\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u65b9\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u652f\u6301\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u3002\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u4eba\u6216\u897f\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u6743\u800c\u6218\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002\u7ea2\u519b\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u662f\u5f53\u5730\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u88ab\u82cf\u8054\u5185\u52a1\u90e8\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u88ab\u4fb5\u5165\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u548c\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u522b\u52a8\u961f\u6240\u6740\u5bb3\u30021944\u5e74\u5fb7\u519b\u64a4\u8d70\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7ea2\u519b\u4ecd\u96be\u4ee5\u5229\u75281941\u5e74\u590f\u5b63\u5fb7\u519b\u4fb5\u5165\u4e4b\u540e\u5f53\u5730\u6c11\u4f17\u7acb\u5373\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u53cd\u5fb7\u60c5\u7eea\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u897f\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u548c\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u6b21\u6d6e\u51fa\u6c34\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8feb\u4f7f\u82cf\u8054\u65b9\u9762\u8981\u5bf9\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u5fd7\u613f\u5175\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u6295\u5165\u6218\u573a\u3002\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u548c\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u4eba\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5165\u4fb5\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u7edf\u6cbb\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u62d2\u7edd\u4e3a\u7ea2\u519b\u63d0\u4f9b\u9002\u9f84\u9752\u5e74\u30021944\u5e74\u7ea2\u519b\u6536\u590d\u6545\u571f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u5192\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u53cd\u82cf\u6e38\u51fb\u961f\uff0c\u7ea2\u519b\u4e5f\u88ab\u8feb\u5c55\u5f00\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u527f\u532a\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u683c\u52d2\u7684\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u7ea2\u519b\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u7b2c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u519b\u53f8\u4ee4\u5458\u74e6\u56fe\u4eac\u5c06\u519b\uff0c\u57281944\u5e742\u670829\u65e5\u906d\u5230\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u8d77\u4e49\u519b\uff08UPA\uff09\u7684\u4f0f\u51fb\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f24\u91cd\u4e0d\u6cbb\u3002\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u548c\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u4eba\u90fd\u88ab\u6253\u4e0a\u4e86\u201c\u4eb2\u7eb3\u7cb9\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4eb2\u5fb7\u201d\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u88ab\u7ea2\u519b\u5f81\u53ec\u5165\u4f0d\u30021944\u5e74\u6625\u5b63\u7ea2\u519b\u6536\u590d\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7ea2\u519b\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u5f81\u53ec18\u5c81\u523050\u5c81\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7537\u6027\u5165\u4f0d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u6295\u5165\u4f5c\u6218\u3002\u301016\u3011\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f53\u5730\u5b58\u5728\u53cd\u82cf\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u4ecd\u6709200\u4e07\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u52a0\u5165\u7ea2\u519b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u52301944\u5e74\uff0c\u7ea2\u519b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u5360\u6bd4\u8fbe\u523023%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u301017\u3011\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u65b9\u9762\u603b\u5171\u670922\u4e07\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d1.3\u4e07\u4eba\u96b6\u5c5e\u515a\u536b\u519b\u52a0\u5229\u897f\u4e9a\u5e08\u3002\u301018\u3011<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u519b\u91cc\u52a0\u7684\u82cf\u519b\u62c9\u8131\u7ef4\u4e9a\u7b2c130\u519b<\/p>\n

\u81f3\u4e8e\u62c9\u8131\u7ef4\u4e9a\u3001\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b\u548c\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff0c1944\u5e748\u6708\u7ea2\u519b\u91cd\u8fd4\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5148\u662f\u52a8\u545818\u5c81\u523035\u5c81\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53c8\u628a\u52a8\u5458\u6807\u51c6\u6269\u5927\u523037\u5c81\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u201c\u901a\u654c\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u60e9\u7f5a\u7684\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u62d2\u7edd\u5e94\u5f81\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u8c01\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u670d\u8fc7\u5f79\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u6295\u5165\u52b3\u52a8\u8425\u6216\u60e9\u6212\u8425\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9001\u5230\u524d\u7ebf\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u901a\u654c\u7684\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u4e5f\u88ab\u5f81\u53ec\u5165\u4f0d\uff0c\u88ab\u6295\u5165\u5e93\u5c14\u5170\u6218\u5f79\uff0c\u5728\u548c\u5fb7\u519b\u6b8b\u90e8\u7684\u6218\u6597\u4e2d\u635f\u5931\u60e8\u91cd\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f57\u7a46\u4e9a\u5c14\u5fb7\u00b7J\u00b7\u7c73\u4fee\u7eb3\u65af\uff08Romuald J. Misiunas\uff09\u548c\u83b1\u56e0\u00b7\u5854\u683c\u4f69\u62c9\uff08Rein Taagepera\uff09\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ec5\u5728\u5e93\u5c14\u5170\u6218\u5f79\u524d\u7ebf\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u4ee5\u6b64\u529e\u6cd5\u5728\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5f3a\u5f81\u4e861\u4e07\u4eba\u3002\u301019\u3011\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u672b\u671f\u7ea2\u519b\u5175\u4e34\u67cf\u6797\u57ce\u4e0b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u65b9\u5728\u897f\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u548c\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u641c\u7f57\u4e86\u5927\u6279\u9752\u5e74\u5145\u5f53\u201c\u70ae\u7070\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u65b9\u4ecd\u5fcc\u60ee\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u5757\u5730\u533a\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u901a\u654c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e861945\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u82cf\u8054\u519b\u961f\u7684\u5f81\u5175\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u301020\u3011<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0e\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u521d\u671f\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u4e2d\u4e9a\u5404\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5f81\u53ec\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6e29\u5e03\u4ec0\u548c\u963f\u5217\u514b\u8c22\u8036\u592b\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u5730\u533a\u548c\u4e2d\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u65b9\u96c6\u4e2d\u529b\u91cf\u6269\u5145\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u548c\u5e38\u89c4\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u62b5\u5fa1\u5fb7\u519b\u5bf9\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\u3002\u301021\u3011\u66fe\u4eb2\u81ea\u5728\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u5730\u533a\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u683c\u5217\u5947\u79d1\u5143\u5e05\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u65b9\u5728\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u5730\u533a\u603b\u5171\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u5927\u7ea612\u652f\u90e8\u961f\uff08\u65c5\u53ca\u65c5\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7f16\u5236\uff09\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7ea2\u519b\u5bf9\u975e\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u6c11\u65cf\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u6218\u6597\u529b\u8868\u793a\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u6700\u521d\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u5e05\u90e8\u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u5f81\u53ec\u4ed6\u4eec\u5165\u4f0d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6218\u706b\u6b63\u70bd\uff0c\u4f46\u7ea2\u519b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4e2d\u4e9a\u4eba\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u653f\u7b56\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b98\u65b9\u4e00\u76f4\u5ba3\u4f20\u7ea2\u519b\u662f\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u5144\u5f1f\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4ee5\u634d\u536b\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7956\u56fd\u201d\u3002\u301022\u3011<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5f81\u53ec\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u9047\u5230\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u5c71\u5730\u6c11\u65cf\u805a\u5c45\u533a\uff0c\u8f66\u81e3\u65cf\u3001\u5370\u53e4\u4ec0\u65cf\u3001\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u65cf\u548c\u963f\u8fea\u76d6\u65cf\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u5384\u5c14\u00b7F\u00b7\u9f50\u59c6\u514b\uff08Earl F. Ziemke\uff09\u548c\u9ea6\u683c\u7eb3\u00b7\u9c8d\u5c14\uff08Magna E.Bauer\uff09\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u4eba\u662f\u201c\u6709\u7740\u5f3a\u70c8\u72ec\u7acb\u503e\u5411\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u90e8\u65cf\uff0c\u76f4\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u624d\u88ab\u5e76\u5165\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u5728\u6c99\u7687\u6cbb\u4e0b\u4e00\u76f4\u6840\u9a9c\u4e0d\u9a6f\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u5f97\u5230\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4fe1\u4efb\u201d\u3002\u301023\u3011\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u5c71\u5730\u6c11\u65cf\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u5e94\u5f81\u5165\u4f0d\u8005\u53ea\u5360\u7ea2\u519b\u603b\u5175\u529b\u76843%\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u4eba\u548c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u5408\u8ba1\u5728\u7ea2\u519b\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u662f24%\u3002\u301024\u3011\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u9762\u5bf9\u5fb7\u519b\u7684\u5927\u4e3e\u8fdb\u653b\uff0c\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u5c71\u5730\u6c11\u65cf\u58eb\u5175\u96be\u582a\u5927\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5fb7\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u516c\u5f00\u4e86\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u8bf8\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u4e0e\u9547\u538b\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4f46\u5fb7\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u5f81\u53ec\u7684\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u4eba\u5374\u6bd4\u82cf\u8054\u591a\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5bf9\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u4ec7\u6068\u8ba9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u6c11\u65cf\u66f4\u9752\u7750\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u622a\u6b62\u52301942\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u548c\u5e93\u73ed\u6c11\u65cf\u58eb\u5175\u8fdb\u5165\u5fb7\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u670d\u5f79\u3002\u6e29\u5e03\u4ec0\u548c\u963f\u5217\u514b\u8c22\u8036\u592b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6709\u8d85\u8fc725\u4e07\u4e2d\u4e9a\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec3.5\u4e07\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u4eba\u5728\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u548c\u6b66\u88c5\u515a\u536b\u519b\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6709\u4e9b\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u5728\u5fb7\u519b\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u8981\u6bd4\u7ea2\u519b\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u89c2\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u301025\u3011\u7136\u800c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u4e9a\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5374\u4e0e\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u76f8\u4eff\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u662f\u62a5\u4ee5\u9119\u89c6\u7684\u76ee\u5149\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6253\u51fb\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u6709\u529b\u653f\u6cbb\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u66f4\u9051\u8bba\u519b\u4e8b\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7ea2\u519b\u96be\u4ee5\u5f81\u53ec\u5927\u91cf\u5fd7\u613f\u5165\u4f0d\u7684\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u58eb\u5175\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5a01\u80c1\u3001\u52d2\u7d22\u548c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u5883\u7b49\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5f3a\u5f81\u5927\u6279\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u5916\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u65b9\u9762\u519b\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u5e05\u90e8\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7acb\u5185\u52a1\u90e8\u7684\u201c\u62e6\u622a\u961f\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u522b\u5904\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u58eb\u5175\u4e0d\u6562\u9003\u4ea1\uff0c\u7559\u5728\u524d\u7ebf\u6218\u6597\u3002\u301026\u3011\u901a\u8fc7\u6050\u5413\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u7ea2\u519b\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u4e1c\u7ebf\u6218\u573a\u9632\u5fa1\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u7ef4\u6301\u5927\u6279\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u7136\u800c\u968f\u7740\u7ea2\u519b\u80fd\u591f\u91cd\u65b0\u5229\u7528\u5927\u6279\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u88ab\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ecd\u6709\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u548c\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u201c\u901a\u654c\u5206\u5b50\u201d\u7ec4\u5efa\u7684\u60e9\u6212\u8425\u3002\u7ea2\u519b\u5728\u5bf9\u5fb7\u4f5c\u6218\u4e2d\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u4f46\u82cf\u8054\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u963f\u5c14\u4e54\u59c6\u8036\u592b\uff08Artem’ev\uff09\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u961f\u5c06\u5728\u89e3\u653e\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u548c\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u56fd\u5bb6\u65f6\u62c5\u4efb\u201c\u5148\u950b\u201d\u3002\u301027\u3011\u7531\u4e8e\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u8d77\u4e49\u519b\u4ee5\u53ca\u62c9\u8131\u7ef4\u4e9a\u3001\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b\u548c\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5192\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53cd\u82cf\u6b66\u88c5\uff0c\u82cf\u519b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u88ab\u8feb\u4e0e\u64a4\u9000\u7684\u5fb7\u519b\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u8981\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u65b9\u89c6\u4e3a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u201c\u6b8b\u6e23\u4f59\u5b7d\u201d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5206\u5b50\u4f5c\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f16\u5236<\/p>\n

\u5730\u65b9\u90e8\u961f\u548c\u540e\u5907\u90e8\u961f\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u90e8\u961f\u4ece\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u5728\u7ec4\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u5e05\u90e8\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u4e2d\u5927\u7ea670%\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5373\u519b\u5b98\u548c\u58eb\u5b98\u5219\u7531\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u8865\u5145\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u548c\u5916\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u624d\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u9aa8\u5e72\u519b\u5b98\u548c\u58eb\u5b98\uff0c\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u804c\u4f4d\u4e5f\u7531\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4eba\u638c\u63e1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8d2f\u5f7b\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u6307\u6325\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u5e05\u90e8\u4ee3\u8868\u548c\u5185\u52a1\u90e8\u90e8\u961f\u5750\u9547\uff0c\u4f46\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u96be\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u9884\u671f\u7684\u4f5c\u6218\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u7ea2\u519b\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u7684\u51b7\u6f20\u6001\u5ea6\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u65af\u5927\u6797\u683c\u52d2\u6218\u5f79\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u5728\u7ea2\u519b\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u5360\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u57281943\u5e747\u6708\u5e93\u5c14\u65af\u514b\u6218\u5f79\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u88ab\u8f6c\u5165\u540e\u65b9\u9a7b\u624e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u6218\u6597\u529b\u4ee4\u4eba\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u66fe\u7ecf\u914d\u5408\u7ea2\u519b\u5c55\u5f00\u53cd\u6e38\u51fb\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u527f\u706d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u6240\u6307\u6325\u5e76\u59a8\u788d\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u6743\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u6e38\u51fb\u961f\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u654c\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u53cd\u82cf\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u4f46\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7ea2\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u53c2\u52a0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53cd\u6e38\u51fb\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ea2\u519b\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u89e3\u6563\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u961f\u5e76\u8c03\u52a8\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u961f\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u6e38\u51fb\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u95f4\u6218\u671f\uff0c\u7ea2\u519b\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u90e8\u961f\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u7f16\u5236\u662f\u7ef4\u6301\u5e73\u65f615000\u4eba\u7684\u5e08\u7ea7\u90e8\u961f\u6c34\u51c6\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6839\u636e\u7f8e\u56fd\u9646\u519b\u60c5\u62a5\u90e8\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u7f16\u5236\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u7eb8\u9762\u7f16\u5236\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u96be\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u989d\u5b9a\u5175\u529b\u3002\u301028\u3011\u82cf\u5fb7\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u5927\u6279\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4eba\u88ab\u5145\u5b9e\u8fdb\u5165\u524d\u7ebf\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8fb9\u5883\u5730\u533a\u90fd\u7531\u57fa\u5e72\u90e8\u961f\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u90e8\u961f\u5171\u540c\u9a7b\u5b88\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u800c\u540e\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u82cf\u5fb7\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u8fb9\u5883\u90e8\u961f\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u4f73\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u800c\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u68af\u961f\u90e8\u961f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u65f6\u7f16\u7ec4\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6839\u636e\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6863\u6848\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u82cf\u8054\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u9884\u6599\u5230\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u5c3d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4fdd\u6301\u5730\u65b9\u90e8\u961f\u548c\u540e\u5907\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u6218\u5907\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u4f46\u7ea2\u519b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u6709\u7d20\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u62b5\u5fa1\u5fb7\u519b\u8fdb\u653b\u3002\u800c\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8fd9\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u7ea2\u519b\u5c06\u9886\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u90e8\u961f\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u7f16\u5236\u5df2\u7ecf\u843d\u540e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u521d\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u5f81\u96c6\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u5e05\u90e8\u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u82cf\u5fb7\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u4e4b\u521d\u7684\u60e8\u91cd\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u8ba9\u519b\u961f\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6682\u65f6\u653e\u4e0b\u5bf9\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u5728\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u3001\u5217\u5b81\u683c\u52d2\u548c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u683c\u52d2\u963b\u6b62\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u624d\u662f\u5f53\u52a1\u4e4b\u6025\u3002\u5f53\u5fb7\u519b\u5728\u65af\u5927\u6797\u683c\u52d2\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u6321\u4f4f\uff0c\u7ea2\u519b\u8ba1\u5212\u8f6c\u5165\u53cd\u653b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7ea2\u519b\u5c06\u9886\u5c31\u4e0b\u5b9a\u4e86\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u8981\u628a\u6218\u6597\u529b\u548c\u5fe0\u8bda\u5ea6\u90fd\u9760\u4e0d\u4f4f\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u4ece\u4e00\u7ebf\u64a4\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u96be\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u6218\u8868\u73b0<\/p>\n

\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u5e05\u90e8\u9762\u5bf9\u6218\u5c40\u7684\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5927\u91cf\u52a8\u5458\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u8fdb\u5165\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\u662f\u7ea2\u519b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u6c99\u4fc4\u65f6\u671f\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ea2\u519b\u7ec4\u5efa\u521d\u671f\u90fd\u6709\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6218\u624d\u662f\u5173\u7cfb\u82cf\u519b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5206\u6c34\u5cad\u3002\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u4e0d\u4ec5\u66fe\u5728\u7ea2\u519b\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8bb8\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u5728\u5185\u6218\u548c\u82cf\u6ce2\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\u30021928\u5e74\uff0c\u7ea2\u519b\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u6218\u6597\u529b\u9887\u6709\u8d5e\u8a89\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u5728\u6218\u6597\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ebf\u90e8\u961f\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u89c1\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7ea2\u519b\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u4f5c\u6218\u8bad\u7ec3\u6c34\u51c6\u8868\u793a\u6ee1\u610f\u3002\u301029\u3011<\/p>\n

\u7ea2\u519b\u9ad8\u5c42\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u5728\u672a\u6765\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u6218\u6597\u529b\u5145\u6ee1\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3a\u5176\u4f5c\u6218\u8bad\u7ec3\u63d0\u4f9b\u5145\u5206\u4e14\u7b26\u5408\u5b9e\u6218\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ea2\u519b\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u5927\u591a\u6570\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u519b\u961f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u5927\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u5ffd\u89c6\u540e\u5907\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u66f4\u91cd\u89c6\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u5360\u7528\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u540e\u5907\u5f79\u8bad\u7ec3\u5efa\u8bbe\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u5927\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u5bf9\u7a00\u7f3a\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u9884\u5907\u5f79\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u88ab\u7f29\u51cf\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u65f6\u6b63\u89c4\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u670d\u5f79\u65f6\u95f4\u5219\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6ce2\u5170\u9a7b\u82cf\u8054\u6b66\u5b98\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8fc7\u82cf\u8054\u5730\u65b9\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u8d28\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u57f9\u8bad\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u9002\u5e94\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u4f5c\u6218\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4ee4\u4eba\u6000\u7591\u7684\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u519b\u961f\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u6bd4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u82cf\u8054\u65b0\u5175\u66f4\u673a\u654f\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u5b8c\u6210\u4f18\u79c0\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u975e10\u4e2a\u6708\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u53ef\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u81f3\u4eca\u6ca1\u6709\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fc7\u5c11\u4e8e10\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u65b0\u5175\u80fd\u5426\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u7684\u96c6\u8bad\u671f\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u8bad\u7ec3\u6210\u4e3a\u6b63\u89c4\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u3002\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u301030\u3011<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f88\u591a\u7ea2\u519b\u5c06\u9886\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u6218\u5907\u6c34\u5e73\u6301\u4e50\u89c2\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u62a5\u544a\u5374\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u961f\u9762\u4e34\u8bad\u7ec3\u6709\u7d20\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u653b\u52bf\u65f6\u6240\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u6218\u6597\u529b\u62b1\u60b2\u89c2\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u7ef4\u6301\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005S\u00b7A\u00b7\u79cb\u4ec0\u514b\u7ef4\u5947\uff08S. A. Tyushkevich\uff09\u5199\u5230\uff0c\u57281939\u5e74\u4e8c\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u7ea2\u519b\u53ea\u67095\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u6b65\u5175\u65c5\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u79cb\u4ec0\u514b\u7ef4\u5947\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7ea2\u519b\u6b63\u5728\u9010\u6e10\u8f6c\u5411\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u57fa\u5e72\u5236\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6539\u9020\u88ab1941\u5e746\u6708\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u6253\u65ad\u3002\u301031\u3011<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u82cf\u8054\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u963f\u5c14\u4e54\u6885\u592b\uff08Artem’ev\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u82cf\u8054\u7ec4\u5efa\u7684\u975e\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u6c11\u65cf\u5e08\u548c\u65c5\u603b\u5171\u6709\u5927\u7ea6200\u4e2a\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u5b66\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e8c\u6218\u4e2d\u975e\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f53\u65f6\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u65cf\u7fa4\u6392\u9664\u5728\u519b\u961f\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u5229\u7528\u7f34\u83b7\u7684\u5fb7\u519b\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u6218\u540e\u53db\u9003\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u80fd\u591f\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u57281941\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u5d29\u6e83\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u56fd\u9632\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e0b\u4ee4\u9009\u62d4\u201c\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u6210\u5458\u201d\u7ec4\u5efa\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u301033\u3011\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ea2\u519b\u8d1f\u8d23\u5f81\u5175\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u79d8\u5bc6\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u4e9a\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5f81\u53ec\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4efd\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u6b66\u88c5\u90e8\u961f\u5175\u5458\u5f81\u52df\u539f\u5219\u300b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6218\u4e89\u521a\u521a\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u6218\u6597\u529b\u90fd\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u90e8\u961f\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u51fb\u6e83\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u591a\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u6218\u6597\u529b\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u592a\u5f3a……\uff08\u800c\u4e14\uff09\u5c31\u6218\u6597\u529b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e9a\u6c11\u65cf\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u9760\u4e0d\u4f4f\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u96be\u582a\u91cd\u4efb\u3002\u301034\u3011<\/p>\n

\u683c\u5217\u5947\u79d1\u5143\u5e05\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u4f1f\u5927\u536b\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u5bf9\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ca\u5176\u6b66\u88c5\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u5168\u9762\u8003\u9a8c\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u5728\u5e03\u5217\u65af\u7279\u5e76\u80a9\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u82cf\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u6765\u81ea30\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u3002\u301035\u3011\u683c\u5217\u5947\u79d1\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\u201c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u6c11\u90fd\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u65af\u5927\u6797\u683c\u52d2\u6218\u5f79\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u670912\u4e2a\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u6c11\u65cf\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u800c\u6218\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u4e89\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u683c\u5217\u5947\u79d1\u548c\u963f\u5c14\u6377\u6885\u592b\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u800c\u6218\u7684\u5927\u7ea6150\u4e07\u82cf\u8054\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u9a73\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u683c\u5217\u5947\u79d1\u540c\u6837\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c1943\u5e74\u590f\u52301944\u5e74\uff0c\u7ea2\u519b\u6536\u590d\u5931\u5730\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5361\u5c14\u6885\u514b\u65cf\u3001\u5361\u62c9\u6070\u4f0a\u65cf\u3001\u8f66\u81e3\u65cf\u3001\u5370\u53e4\u4ec0\u65cf\u3001\u514b\u91cc\u7c73\u4e9a\u9791\u977c\u65cf\u548c\u5df4\u4ec0\u57fa\u5c14\u65cf\u6c11\u4f17\u7eb7\u7eb7\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7956\u56fd\u4e0d\u5fe0\u800c\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\u5230\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u4e2d\u4e9a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u201c\u5bf9\u7956\u56fd\u4e0d\u5fe0\u201d\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u800c\u6765\u81ea\u540c\u4e00\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u82cf\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u4e5f\u7eb7\u7eb7\u88ab\u8e22\u51fa\u519b\u961f\u5e76\u5f3a\u5236\u6d41\u653e\u3002\u301036\u3011<\/p>\n

\u82cf\u8054\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u7ea2\u519b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u7ea2\u519b\u5904\u4e8e\u9632\u5fa1\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u5feb\u901f\u8fdb\u653b\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4eba\u529b\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5173\u952e\u6218\u5f79\u4e2d\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u4e5f\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u6218\u6597\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u521d\u671f\u8bb8\u591a\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u58eb\u5175\u53db\u9003\uff0c\u8ba9\u65af\u5927\u6797\u519b\u4e8b\u5f53\u5c40\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u90e8\u961f\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u4e0d\u9002\u5e94\u73b0\u4ee3\u519b\u961f\u3002\u52301945\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u5efa\u5236\u7684\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u5728\u7ea2\u519b\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u7684\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5fb7\u519b\u64a4\u79bb\u4e4b\u540e\u9a6c\u4e0a\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u53cd\u6e38\u51fb\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6210\u4e3a\u6218\u4e89\u672b\u671f\u548c\u6218\u540e\u521d\u671f\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u5e72\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u7ea2\u519b\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u6574\u4f53\u6218\u6597\u529b\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u7cbe\u9510\u8131\u9896\u800c\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u76df\u519b\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u672b\u671f\u7f34\u83b7\u7684\u5fb7\u519b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u57281942\u5e743\u6708\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7ea6\u67096\u4e07\u52307.5\u4e07\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u6c11\u65cf\u5728\u7ea2\u519b\u670d\u5f79\u3002<\/p>\n

\u301037\u3011\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u5728\u585e\u74e6\u65af\u6258\u6ce2\u5c14\u548c\u523b\u8d64\u534a\u5c9b\u8fdb\u653b\u6218\u5f79\u671f\u95f4\uff081941\u5e7410\u6708\u52301942\u5e747\u6708\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u9762\u7ea2\u519b\u603b\u5171\u670945%\u523080%\u662f\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u5b57\u4ec5\u5360\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u8bf8\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u53ef\u52a8\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u57281941\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5bf9\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u529b\u7684\u5229\u7528\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7ec4\u5efa\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u90e8\u961f\u548c\u9884\u5907\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u6548\u7387\u53c8\u6ca1\u6709\u6218\u6597\u529b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u82cf\u8054\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u7aed\u5c3d\u5168\u529b\u8bc1\u660e\u4e1c\u7ebf\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u8bf8\u6c11\u65cf\u56e2\u7ed3\u201d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46150\u4e07\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u5012\u5411\u5fb7\u519b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u5e9c\u57281918\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u201c\u6559\u5316\u201d\u4e2d\u4e9a\u548c\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u8bf8\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u4e09\u56fd\u548c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u5e9c\u5219\u672a\u80fd\u201c\u5f81\u670d\u201d\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u201c\u5df4\u5df4\u7f57\u8428\u201d\u4e4b\u524d\u5411\u6c11\u4f17\u63ed\u9732\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f0a\u75c5\u548c\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u540e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u6f20\u89c6\u3001\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u59ff\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e861941\u5e746\u6708\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u707e\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81f3\u4e8e\u7ea2\u519b\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\u9010\u6b65\u89e3\u6563\u5730\u65b9\u90e8\u961f\u548c\u9884\u5907\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u961f\u5728\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660e\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5ba3\u4f20\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6218\u6597\u529b\u5373\u4f7f\u5f80\u597d\u4e86\u8bf4\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u6000\u7591\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6218\u4e89\u8fdb\u5165\u767d\u70ed\u5316\uff0c\u6218\u706b\u5411\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u897f\u90e8\u9886\u571f\u71c3\u70e7\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u548c\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u8d1f\u8d44\u4ea7\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u4ecd\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u58eb\u5175\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u53db\u9003\uff0c\u8ba9\u7ea2\u519b\u5c06\u9886\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6309\u7167\u73b0\u4ee3\u6807\u51c6\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u519b\u961f\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u627f\u53d7\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u4e25\u5cfb\u8003\u9a8c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1f\u5927\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u8bba<\/p>\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u9009\u62e9\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u548c\u515a\u536b\u519b\u800c\u6218\uff0c\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u7ea2\u519b\u4e2d\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6218\u529f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6218\u524d\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c11\u65cf\u8fdb\u884c\u538b\u69a8\u548c\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f3a\u5f81\u5165\u4f0d\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u548c\u62c9\u8131\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u800c\u6218\u3002\u683c\u5217\u5947\u79d1\u5143\u5e05\u5bf9\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u8bf8\u56fd\u6218\u6597\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u4ee5\u53ca\u82cf\u8054\u6863\u6848\u5bf9\u65af\u5927\u6797\u683c\u52d2\u6218\u5f79\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u90fd\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u4f0f\u5c14\u52a0\u6cb3\u7554\u82cf\u519b\u9006\u8f6c\u6218\u5c40\u4e4b\u524d\u90a3\u6bb5\u7edd\u671b\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u5916\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u4e2d\u4e9a\u6c11\u65cf\u5728\u6218\u6597\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6c11\u65cf\u540c\u6837\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u51fa\u8272\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u800c\u6218\uff0c\u5374\u56e0\u4e3a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u538b\u8feb\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5230\u82cf\u8054\u90a3\u8fb9\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e1c\u65b9\u5360\u9886\u533a\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8\u957f\u963f\u5c14\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u7f57\u68ee\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Alfred Rosenberg\uff09\u548c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u603b\u7763\u57c3\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u79d1\u8d6b\uff08Erich Koch\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u53d7\u5230\u5ba1\u8baf\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u4e25\u9177\u7684\u8650\u5f85\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u60e8\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u4e25\u82db\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u4f60\u4eec\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5c45\u7136\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u70b9\u3002\u4ece\u957f\u8fdc\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u66b4\u541b\u4e4b\u95f4\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8d77\u7801\u4f1a\u9009\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u540c\u6587\u540c\u79cd\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8d62\u5f97\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u301038\u3011<\/p>\n

\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5360\u9886\u653f\u7b56\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u548c\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u4e09\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u9ad8\u6da8\uff0c\u8ba9\u8bb8\u591a\u6c11\u4f17\u5012\u5411\u4e86\u6e38\u51fb\u961f\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5fb7\u519b\u5728\u5360\u9886\u533a\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\u9547\u538b\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u540c\u6837\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u6218\u6597\u529b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u6218\u5c40\u5904\u4e8e\u80f6\u7740\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u9645\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u4e4b\u521d\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u66fe\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u89e3\u653e\u8005\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5374\u7531\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u8f93\u6389\u4e86\u4e1c\u7ebf\u6218\u573a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5fb7\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u4ee5\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u654c\u4eba\u81ea\u5c45\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u6765\u5e94\u8be5\u8d62\u5f97\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u88681 1943\u20141944\u5e74\u82cf\u519b200\u4e2a\u6b65\u5175\u5e08\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u6210\u5206\uff08100\u4e07\u4eba\uff09<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ea2\u519b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e5f\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6210\u529f\u7684\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u52a0\u4e0a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u8ba9\u8bb8\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u5012\u5411\u5fb7\u519b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5bf9\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u6325\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53bb\u7684\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u611f\u3002\u6218\u524d\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u9762\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u538b\u69a8\uff0c\u52a0\u4e4b\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u4e09\u56fd\u5bf9\u201c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5316\u201d\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u53cd\u611f\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5012\u5411\u5fb7\u519b\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u552f\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5236\u624b\u6bb5\u624d\u80fd\u7ef4\u6301\u4e00\u652f\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u519b\u961f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u5f3a\u5236\u624b\u6bb5\u4e5f\u8fdd\u6cd5\u7ef4\u6301\u6218\u6597\u529b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u548c\u62c9\u8131\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4eba\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u5927\u5362\u57fa\u6218\u573a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u53db\u9003\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u62d2\u7edd\u4e3a\u7ea2\u519b\u800c\u6218\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u8feb\u4f7f\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u5e05\u90e8\u64a4\u7f16\u5730\u65b9\u90e8\u961f\u6216\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c4\u90e8\u961f\u6df7\u7f16\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u8981\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u4f18\u8d8a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5145\u5206\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u4eba\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u4e3a\u5fb7\u519b\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7ea2\u519b\u670d\u5f79\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u5360\u9886\u533a\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8fdc\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u7530\u56ed\u7267\u6b4c\u201d\u90a3\u822c\u7f8e\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u8981\u6bd4\u5728\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u6216\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u56fd\u5bb6\u597d\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u301039\u3011\u5982\u679c\u5fb7\u519b\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4e1c\u7ebf\u5360\u9886\u533a\u90fd\u80fd\u5949\u884c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u80fd\u591f\u5927\u5927\u6539\u53d8\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u88682<\/p>\n

1942\u5e74\u52301945\u5e74\u4e1c\u7ebf\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u53ca\u515a\u536b\u519b\u4e2d\u670d\u5f79\u7684\u975e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\u301040\u3011<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u4e9a\u6c11\u65cf 180000<\/p>\n

\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u6c11\u65cf110000<\/p>\n

\u4f0f\u5c14\u52a0\u9791\u977c\u65cf40000<\/p>\n

\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u65cf 220000<\/p>\n

\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u65cf 6500<\/p>\n

\u62c9\u8131\u7ef4\u4e9a\u65cf15000<\/p>\n

\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b\u65cf 30000<\/p>\n

\u514b\u91cc\u7c73\u4e9a\u9791\u977c\u65cf 20000<\/p>\n

\u4e1c\u7ebf\u6218\u4e89\u540c\u6837\u6df1\u523b\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7ea2\u519b\u6700\u521d\u8131\u80ce\u4e8e\u4e00\u7fa4\u519c\u6c11\u3001\u524d\u6c99\u4fc4\u519b\u4eba\u548c\u5192\u9669\u5bb6\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e4c\u5408\u4e4b\u4f17\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u548c\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5316\uff0c\u4ece1941\u5e74\u521d\u7684\u707e\u96be\u4e2d\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u9646\u519b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5efa\u519b\u653f\u7b56\u4ee5\u53ca\u82cf\u5fb7\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u78e8\u70bc\u30021945\u5e74\u7684\u5de5\u519c\u7ea2\u519b\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u6c11\u5175\u6216\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u82cf\u8054\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u9636\u5c42\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u4e00\u652f\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u201d\u519b\u961f\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6c11\u65cf\u90e8\u961f\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u64a4\u9500\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6218\u540e\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u519b\u961f\u91cc\uff0c\u6253\u7740\u201c\u540c\u5316\u201d\u5e4c\u5b50\u7684\u201c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5316\u201d\u548c\u201c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u501f\u5c38\u8fd8\u9b42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u66fe\u7ecf\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c30\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u7ea2\u519b\u5411\u4e00\u652f\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u6709\u6218\u6597\u529b\u7684\u519b\u961f\u8715\u53d8\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u56f0\u6270\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u3002\u6b63\u598234\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u82cf\u519b\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u4e0e\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u201c\u5723\u6218\u8005\u201d\u7684\u6e38\u51fb\u6218\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u5374\u53c8\u8840\u8165\u6b8b\u9177\uff0c\u800c\u82cf\u519b\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u58eb\u5175\u62b1\u4ee5\u7591\u8651\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u540c1941\u5e74\u7684\u7ea2\u519b\u5c06\u9886\u5bf9\u4e2d\u4e9a\u548c\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u58eb\u5175\u62a5\u4ee5\u6000\u7591\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4e9a\u514b\u897f\uff0c\u4e9a\u514b\u897f\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e9a\u514b\u897f\u5440\uff0c\u4f60\u731c\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e9a\u514b\u897f<\/p>\n

\u5f52\u6839\u7ed3\u5e95\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee5\u540e\u56f0\u6270\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\u5f15\u53d1\u4e861991\u5e74\u7684\u89e3\u4f53\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u6b64\u524d\u6240\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5927\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u540c\u5316\u201d\u201c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5316\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5265\u524a\u201d\u7684\u6218\u6597\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u8005\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6218\u80dc\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u5965\u65af\u5361\u00b7\u8d3e\u9f50\uff08Oscar Jazi\uff09\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6267\u653f\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u63a8\u5230\u60ac\u5d16\u7684\u8fb9\u4e0a\uff0c\u8f7b\u8f7b\u4e00\u63a8\u5c31\u8db3\u4ee5\u8dcc\u5165\u4e07\u4e08\u6df1\u6e0a\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u4fc4\u56fd\u672c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u906d\u9047\u540c\u6837\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0e\u63a0\u593a\uff0c\u624d\u8ba9\u82cf\u8054\u591a\u6d3b\u4e8646\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6765\u6e90: \u5c0f\u718a\u732b\u7684\u5927\u5386\u53f2\u00a0 \u4f5c\u8005: \u8d75\u56fd\u661f \u8bd1\u8005\u7684\u8bdd\uff1a\u63d0\u5230\u4e1c\u7ebf\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u9996\u5148\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u662f\u6b66\u88c5\u515a\u536b\u519b\u4e2d […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[12],"tags":[17937,986,1291,2270],"views":187,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59731"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=59731"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59731\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":59732,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59731\/revisions\/59732"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=59731"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=59731"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=59731"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}