{"id":59964,"date":"2025-10-27T05:26:40","date_gmt":"2025-10-26T21:26:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=59964"},"modified":"2025-10-27T05:26:40","modified_gmt":"2025-10-26T21:26:40","slug":"%e4%bc%98%e7%94%9f%e5%ad%a6%e4%bb%8e%e6%9c%aa%e8%bf%9c%e5%8e%bb%ef%bc%9a21%e4%b8%96%e7%ba%aa%e5%9b%a0%e7%a7%8d%e6%97%8f%e6%ad%a7%e8%a7%86%e6%88%96%e7%bb%8f%e6%b5%8e%e8%b4%ab%e5%9b%b0%e8%80%8c%e8%a2%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=59964","title":{"rendered":"\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u4ece\u672a\u8fdc\u53bb\uff1a21\u4e16\u7eaa\u56e0\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u6216\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d2b\u56f0\u800c\u88ab\u7edd\u80b2\u7684\u5973\u6027"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"article-header\">\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e00\u540c\u65e9\u5df2\u957f\u57cb\u5386\u53f2\u957f\u6cb3\uff1f\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u62ab\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u6cd5\u6848\u3001\u653f\u4ee4\u5916\u8863\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5e72\u9884\u4f9d\u7136\u9634\u9b42\u4e0d\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article-info\">\n<p>\u6765\u6e90: \u754c\u9762\u65b0\u95fb\u00a0 \u00a0\u7ffb\u8bd1: \u6797\u8fbe<\/p>\n<p>\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\uff08Engenics\uff09\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u4f53\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u4eba\u7c7b\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u54c1\u8d28\u3002\u4f18\u826f\u7684\u54c1\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u80b2\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u54c1\u79cd\u53ea\u80fd\u751f\u80b2\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u6216\u5e72\u8106\u4e0d\u8bb8\u751f\u80b2\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u535a\u5b66\u8005\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u5609\u901a\uff08Francis Galton\uff09\u57281883\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u8bba\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b98\u80fd\u53ca\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u300b\uff08<em>Inquiries into Human Faculty and its Development<\/em>\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u82f1\u6587\u5355\u5b57\uff0c\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u98ce\u9761\u4e8e\u5317\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u4e24\u5cb8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article-main\">\n<div class=\"article-img\"><img src=\"https:\/\/img1.jiemian.com\/101\/original\/20180611\/152870832564645500_a700x398.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u5854\u7701\u7ea2\u9e7f\u5e02\u7684\u201c\u7701\u57f9\u8bad\u5b66\u6821\u201d\uff0c1923\u5e7410\u6708\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u6765\u77eb\u6cbb\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u201c\u7cbe\u795e\u7f3a\u9677\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4 \u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aeugencisarchove.ca<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article-content\">\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e00\u6781\u7aef\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u754c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b66\u754c\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e9\u5df2\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u30011945\u5e74\u540e\u5c31\u8fc5\u901f\u7edd\u8ff9\u4e86\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5bf9\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u5bfc\u5411\u4e86\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u3001\u975e\u81ea\u613f\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u706d\u7edd\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4e16\u4eba\u80fd\u660e\u767d\u8fd9\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d7\u56fd\u5bb6\u652f\u6301\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u503c\u5f97\u79f0\u8d5e\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u6307\u5bfc\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u5e02\u573a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u770b\u6cd5\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u63e1\u5230\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u768420\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u6211\uff08\u6307\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005Robert A. Wilson\uff0c\u4e50\u5353\u535a\u5927\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff09\u6240\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6240\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u6837\u8c8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb20\u5e74\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u4f4f\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u5854\u7701\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u5b9e\u884c\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u7edd\u80b2\uff08eugenic sterilization\uff09\u30021928\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u6027\u7edd\u80b2\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Sexual Sterilization Act\uff09\u4e00\u76f4\u5f97\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5927\u529b\u8d2f\u5f7b\uff0c\u76f4\u52301972\u5e74\u88ab\u5e9f\u6b62\u624d\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u6cd5\u6848\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u987b\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u56db\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u88ab\u6388\u6743\u6279\u51c6\u5bf9\u5c45\u4f4f\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\u2014\u2014\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u9662\u7b49\u2014\u2014\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u5b9e\u65bd\u7edd\u80b2\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd9\u9879\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd32\u4e2a\u5dde\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u57281939\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e0e\u4f18\u751f\u7edd\u80b2\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u5dde\u662f\uff1a\u5317\u5361\u7f57\u6765\u7eb3\u3001\u4f50\u6cbb\u4e9a\u3001\u4fc4\u52d2\u5188\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6cd5\u89c4\u4e3a\u51ed\u636e\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u5b9e\u65bd\u7edd\u80b2\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u52301960-1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee4\u6211\u611f\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e3e\u52a8\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6240\u542b\u7684\u6d53\u539a\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u610f\u5473\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u7cfb\u6240\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u4e00\u628a\u624b\u2014\u2014\u4e0e\u6211\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u5927\u5b66\u6b63\u5f0f\u8058\u7528\u7684\u3001\u4ece\u4e8b\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u2014\u2014\u4e8e1928-1965\u5e74\u95f4\u62c5\u4efb\u8fc7\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u5854\u7701\u4f18\u751f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eba\u751f\u65f6\u5149\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9ea6\u51ef\u514b\u4f26\uff08John MacEachran\uff09\u5728\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u5854\u5927\u5b66\u62c5\u4efb\u6559\u52a1\u957f\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u5b66\u6821\u91cc\u6700\u53d7\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u884c\u653f\u9886\u5bfc\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u4f9b\u804c\u4e8e\u4f18\u751f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u9ea6\u51ef\u514b\u4f26\u603b\u5171\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e862832\u4efd\u7edd\u80b2\u4ee4\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u7edd\u80b2\u8bb8\u53ef\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u540e\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u7eb3\u7cb9\u8986\u706d\u4e4b\u540e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1990\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6211\u53bb\u5230\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u5854\u7701\u4e4b\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u4fbf\u900f\u8fc7\u4e0e\u8be5\u7701\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u653f\u7b56\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ea6\u51ef\u514b\u4f26\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u89c1\u5230\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\u62c5\u4efb\u8fc7\u4e13\u5bb6\u8bc1\u4eba\uff08expert witness\uff09\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4e0e\u4e00\u5c0f\u7fa4\u6d89\u5165\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e89\u8bbc\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u653f\u7b56\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u76f8\u89c1\u5e76\u4e14\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u670b\u53cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\u674e\u5170\u59ae\u00b7\u7a46\u5c14\uff08Leilani Muir\uff0c1944-2016\uff09\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u56e0\u56fd\u5bb6\u7535\u5f71\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a1996\u5e74\u7684\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u300a\u674e\u5170\u59ae\u00b7\u7a46\u5c14\u7684\u7edd\u80b2\u300b\uff08The Sterilization of Leilani Muir\uff09\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u674e\u5170\u59ae10\u5c81\u65f6\u66fe\u7ecf\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u9488\u5bf9\u201c\u7cbe\u795e\u7f3a\u9677\u8005\u201d\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u5b66\u6821\u8fdb\u884c\u77eb\u6cbb\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u56e0\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u5854\u7701\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u653f\u7b56\u800c\u88ab\u7edd\u80b2\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u7cbe\u795e\u7f3a\u9677\u201d\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u63a8\u8350\u5e76\u6388\u6743\u5bf9\u674e\u5170\u59ae\u5b9e\u65bd\u7edd\u80b2\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u5979\u662f\u4e2a\u201c\u6b63\u5e38\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u3002\u5979\u7684\u4eb2\u751f\u7236\u6bcd\u6bd4\u8f83\u72e0\u5fc3\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u662f\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u8981\u5979\u7684\u3002\u201c\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u6bcd\u4eb2\u628a\u6211\u4ece\u8f66\u91cc\u6254\u4e86\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6254\u6389\u5979\u4e0d\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u5783\u573e\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u201d\u674e\u5170\u59ae\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u6211\u88ab\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u77eb\u6cbb\u673a\u6784\u6536\u7559\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img3.jiemian.com\/jiemian\/original\/20180610\/152856818363543400.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u674e\u5170\u59ae\u00b7\u7a46\u5c14\uff08\u53f3\u4e09\uff09\uff0c1955\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d\u4e8e\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u5854\u7701\u7ea2\u9e7f\u5e02\uff08Red deer\uff09\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u5b66\u6821 \u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aDoug 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George Sinclair\uff09\u751f\u4e8e1944\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u521a\u8fc7\u5b8c\u4e03\u5c81\u751f\u65e5\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u4e86\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u5854\u7701\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u5b66\u6821\u63a5\u53d7\u7ba1\u6559\u3002\u6863\u6848\u663e\u793a\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2a\u201c\u6df7\u8840\u513f\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6742\u79cd\u201d\uff08Metis person\uff0c<em>\u5bf9\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9ed1\u4eba\u8840\u7edf\u4e4b\u4eba\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u79f0\u8c13\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4eba\u662f\u571f\u751f\u571f\u957f\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u3002\u683c\u6797\u5728\u5e74\u5c11\u65e0\u77e5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u88ab\u7edd\u80b2\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u56de\u5fc6\u57f9\u8bad\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u72b6\u51b5\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4f60\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u6761\u72d7\u4e00\u6837\u88ab\u4f7f\u5524\uff0c\u8ddf\u52a8\u7269\u6ca1\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u88ab\u5173\u5728\u7b3c\u5b50\u91cc\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f60\u61c2\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u597d\u50cf\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4f3c\u7684\u3002\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u9ebb\u6728\u65e0\u611f\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u6731\u8fea\u00b7\u4e3d\u987f\uff08Judy Lytton\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u57281951\u5e747\u5c81\u65f6\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u57f9\u8bad\u5b66\u6821\u7684\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u201c\u6211\u60a3\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u659c\u89c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ed9\u6211\u5e26\u6765\u5f88\u5927\u9ebb\u70e6\u2026\u2026\u6211\u6709\u4e9b\u5413\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u7684\u5916\u8c8c\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u8ddf\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5f88\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6cd5\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u53ea\u773c\u775b\u770b\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c6\u529b\u7f3a\u9677\u3001\u8fd1\u4e4e\u534a\u76f2\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6211\u88ab\u8d34\u4e0a\u4e86\u53d1\u80b2\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u201d\u4e0e\u683c\u6797\u548c\u674e\u5170\u59ae\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6731\u8fea\u662f\u77e5\u9053\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u7edd\u80b2\u4e86\u7684\u3002\u5979\u540e\u6765\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u539f\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u2026\u2026\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6b64\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8981\u662f\u6211\u80fd\u6709\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u52a0\u500d\u7231\u62a4\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4f1a\u6210\u957f\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb6\u5ead\u2026\u2026\u6211\u5f88\u60f3\u5ff5\u90a3\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u60f3\u5ff5\u3002\u201d\u7b7e\u5b57\u6279\u51c6\u5bf9\u6731\u8fea\u00b7\u4e3d\u987f\u5b9e\u65bd\u7edd\u80b2\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u5927\u5b66\u7cfb\u6240\u91cc\u7684\u4e0a\u53f8\u9ea6\u51ef\u514b\u4f26\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4f18\u751f\u653f\u7b56\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4f34\u7740\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u878d\u5165\u4e86\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u8d77\u521d\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u5854\u5728\u5730\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u653f\u7b56\u5386\u53f2\u611f\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u5e26\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u591a\u5e74\u54f2\u5b66\u8bad\u7ec3\u6240\u7ed9\u4e88\u6211\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u5374\u88ab\u4e00\u79cd\u523b\u9aa8\u94ed\u5fc3\u7684\u3001\u6467\u6bc1\u6027\u7684\u6076\u5fc3\u611f\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u76f8\u4fe1\u7adf\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bad\u7ec3\u6709\u7d20\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u8bbe\u6cd5\u628a\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5b9e\u5728\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5e72\u9884\u901a\u5e38\u59cb\u4e8e\u628a\u4eba\u5212\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4eba<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u8c13\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\uff08survivor\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u633a\u8fc7\u4e86\u67d0\u4e00\u6b21\u6216\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u521b\u4f24\u6027\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6216\u8bb8\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u6027\u4fb5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u76ee\u51fb\u4e86\u8bf8\u5982\u79cd\u65cf\u706d\u7edd\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u707e\u96be\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u7559\u6709\u521b\u4f24\u75d5\u8ff9\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u5355\u5355\u662f\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff08victim\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u4e1a\u5df2\u8d70\u51fa\u6216\u8005\u6b63\u5728\u8bbe\u6cd5\u5316\u89e3\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u521b\u4f24\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u6731\u8fea\u65af\u00b7\u8d6b\u5c14\u66fc\uff08Judith Herman\uff09\u5728\u51761992\u5e74\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u521b\u4f24\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u4f59\u6ce2\uff0c\u4ece\u5bb6\u66b4\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u6050\u6016\u300b\uff08<em>Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence, from Domestic Abuse to Political Terror<\/em>\uff09\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f18\u751f\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5e72\u9884\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u59cb\u4e8e\u628a\u4eba\u5212\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u8bf8\u5982\u6253\u6210\u201c\u4f4e\u80fd\u513f\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8ba4\u5176\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e0b\u7b49\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u6216\u5177\u6709\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u75be\u60a3\uff08\u5982\u766b\u75eb\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u5c06\u4eba\u6253\u5165\u53e6\u518c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fbf\u80fd\u540d\u6b63\u8a00\u987a\u5730\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u65bd\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5e72\u9884\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img1.jiemian.com\/101\/original\/20180612\/152881201229888200.jpeg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4f18\u751f\u8bc1\u4e66<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u5e72\u9884\u5957\u8def\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u5728\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u5854\u7701\uff0c\u201c\u4f4e\u80fd\u513f\u201d\u6216\u7cbe\u795e\u969c\u788d\u8005\u5c06\u88ab\u9001\u5f80\u57f9\u8bad\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u67d0\u4e00\u533b\u5b66\u6743\u5a01\u7ee7\u800c\u4f1a\u63a8\u8350\u5bf9\u5176\u5b9e\u65bd\u7edd\u80b2\uff0c\u7ecf\u7531\u4f18\u751f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6279\u51c6\u540e\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6bcb\u987b\u5f81\u5f97\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u540c\u610f\u3002\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u5854\u7701\u6240\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u8bca\u6240\uff08guidance clinics\uff0c<em>20\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e9\u671f\u5174\u8d77\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u513f\u7ae5\u5fc3\u7406\u77eb\u6cbb\u7b49\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/em>\uff09\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u83b7\u51c6\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u88ab\u5173\u8fdb\u57f9\u8bad\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u5b9e\u65bd\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7edd\u80b2\uff0c\u9996\u5f53\u5176\u51b2\u7684\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u6821\u5b66\u751f\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u65f6\uff0c\u4f18\u751f\u653f\u7b56\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u7a76\u7adf\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u600e\u6837\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1f\u5728\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u5019\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u53d9\u4e8b\u5728\u9488\u5bf9\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u7f3a\u4f4d\u7684\u3002\u4f9d\u7167\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u770b\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u57281945\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u5c31\u7edd\u8ff9\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u6d41\u901d\uff0c\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u6570\u76ee\u65e5\u76ca\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u4e16\u7684\u4e5f\u5927\u591a\u9009\u62e9\u6de1\u5fd8\u800c\u975e\u91cd\u65b0\u5524\u8d77\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fc7\u5f80\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u5854\u7701\u5c31\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u53d9\u4e8b\u5728\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4e\u4eae\u76f8\u7387\u4e5f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4e00\u9879\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u9760\u4e14\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u53d7\u4f17\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ecd\u7136\u5341\u5206\u72ed\u7a84\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u5854\u7701\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5317\u6b27\u5730\u533a\u51fa\u4e8e\u4f18\u751f\u8003\u91cf\u7684\u7edd\u80b2\u4e5f\u76f8\u5f53\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff0c\u76f4\u52301970\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u53f6\u624d\u544a\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u6b64\u4e8b\u66fe\u4e8e1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u66dd\u5149\u5e76\u5f15\u8d77\u8f70\u52a8\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u632a\u5a01\u3001\u745e\u5178\u3001\u4e39\u9ea6\u548c\u82ac\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u82b1\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c0f\u7684\u529b\u6c14\uff0c\u6765\u63a8\u8fdb\u4e0e\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6210\u679c\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5148\u524d\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u79d8\u95fb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82f1\u8bed\u5b66\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\u91cc\u76ee\u524d\u53ef\u5f97\u7684\u4e13\u8457\uff0c\u67091996\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u4e0e\u798f\u5229\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1a\u4e39\u9ea6\u3001\u745e\u5178\u3001\u632a\u5a01\u4e0e\u82ac\u5170\u7684\u7edd\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\u300b\uff08<em>Eugenics and the Welfare State: Sterilization Policy in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland<\/em>\uff09\u8fd9\u672c\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\uff0c\u7f16\u8005\u4e3a\u8d21\u7eb3\u5c14\u00b7\u5e03\u9c81\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Gunnar Broberg\uff09\u4e0e\u5c3c\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u7f57\u5c14-\u6c49\u68ee\uff08Nils Roll-Hanson\uff09\u3002\u6211\u66fe\u4e0e\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u540d\u7f16\u8005\u4ea4\u6d41\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6709\u5173\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u5854\u7701\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u8bb0\u5fc6\u72b9\u65b0\u3002\u4ed6\u8d77\u5148\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u81ea\u8ff0\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u611f\u5230\u6709\u4e9b\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5317\u6b27\u5730\u533a\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u53c2\u4e0e\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u80a1\u8111\u5730\u4f9d\u9760\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6587\u732e\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0e\u6863\u6848\u3002\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u5173\u8bb0\u5f55\u663e\u793a\u5317\u6b27\u56db\u56fd\u4ecd\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4f18\u751f\u653f\u7b56\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u5728\u4e16\uff0c\u4f46\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5728\u63a2\u7a76\u5317\u6b27\u5730\u533a\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8fc7\u5f80\u65f6\uff0c\u5374\u5f88\u5c11\u53bb\u8ddf\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u4eec\u6c9f\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img2.jiemian.com\/101\/original\/20180612\/152881334830615800.jpg\" alt=\"\" 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Skoreyko\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u80af\u00b7\u5c3c\u5c14\u68ee\uff08Ken 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65cf\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4fd7\u79f0\u201c\u767d\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u653f\u7b56\u201d\uff08White Australia Policy\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u4f18\u751f\u7edd\u80b2\u7684\u66dd\u5149\u4e5f\u9707\u60ca\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5e76\u975e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u30022013\u5e74\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u5728\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u53e6\u4e00\u8fb9\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5dde\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u201c\u8c03\u67e5\u62a5\u9053\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\uff08Center for Investigative Reporting\uff09\u7684\u79d1\u745e\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\uff08Corey Johnson\uff09\u66dd\u51fa\uff0c\u5dde\u76d1\u72f1\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u5973\u6027\u8fd1\u6765\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u610f\u6216\u4ec5\u6709\u6a21\u7cca\u540c\u610f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u88ab\u8feb\u505a\u4e86\u7edd\u80b2\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u5bf9\u6b64\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u7ea6\u6709150\u540d\u62c9\u4e01\u88d4\u4e0e\u975e\u6d32\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u57282006-2010\u5e74\u95f4\u906d\u5230\u7edd\u80b2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u52a0\u5dde\u8bae\u5458\u4e00\u5411\u5bf9\u8ba4\u8bc6\u672c\u5730\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8fc7\u5f80\u5386\u53f2\u4e88\u4ee5\u9ad8\u5ea6\u91cd\u89c6\u30022000\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u5dde\u957f\u683c\u96f7\u00b7\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\uff08Gray 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