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<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
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1939\u5e749\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u53eb\u6ce2\u5c14\uff08Heinrich Boll\uff09\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u666e\u901a\u58eb\u5175\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u79d1\u9686\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b80\u76f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u60f3\u8c61\u81ea\u5df1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670825\u9a6c\u514b\u7684\u519b\u9977\u80fd\u4e70\u5230\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u597d\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u5496\u5561\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u662f\u96be\u5f97\u89c1\u5230\u7684\u5962\u4f88\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8377\u5170\u9e7f\u7279\u4e39\uff0c50\u82ac\u5c3c\uff08\u534a\u4e2a\u9a6c\u514b\uff09\u5c31\u80fd\u4e70\u5230\u534a\u78c5\u5496\u5561\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4fe1\u91cc\u8ba9\u5bb6\u91cc\u7ed9\u4ed6\u6c47\u6b3e\uff0c\u201c\u591a\u591a\u76ca\u5584\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u4e70\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\uff0894\uff09<\/p>\n
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1942\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u6208\u6797\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u5173\u4e8e\u7cae\u98df\u4f9b\u5e94\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u518d\u6b21\u8c08\u5230\u5360\u9886\u5730\u8d27\u5e01\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bb0\u8f7d\u8bf4\uff0c\u6208\u6797\u8bad\u65a5\u5728\u573a\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u505c\u6b62\u5bf9\u519b\u4eba\u7684\u6d77\u5173\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u2026\u2026\u80fd\u9001\u591a\u5c11\u56de\u56fd\u5c31\u9001\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u5173\u7a0e\u201d\u3002\u5230\u573a\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u7a33\u5b9a\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u4ee5\u5229\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u5360\u9886\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u6208\u6797\u6012\u6c14\u51b2\u51b2\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u9650\u5236\u519b\u4eba\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u519b\u9977\u8d2d\u4e70\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u9020\u6210\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u2026\u2026\u6cd5\u90ce\u5c31\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u53d8\u6210\u5e9f\u7eb8\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8981\u7684\u6253\u51fb\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u3002\uff08104\uff0c105\uff09
\n\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u522b\u4f18\u5f85\u5fb7\u56fd\u519b\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u6218\u65f6\u65e5\u5b50\u4e5f\u8fc7\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u6ecb\u6da6\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u6c49\u5821\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5458\u5728\u81ea\u4f20\u91cc\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u532e\u4e4f\u2026\u2026\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u98df\u54c1\u3001\u8863\u670d\u548c\u978b\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ece\u5360\u9886\u533a\u5e26\u56de\u6765\u8089\u7c7b\u3001\u9152\u3001\u7eba\u7ec7\u54c1\u548c\u70df\u8349\u201d\u3002\uff08106\uff09<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
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\n\u963f\u5229\u5728\u300a\u53d7\u76ca\u4eba\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u91cc\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u5806\u5173\u4e8e\u4e8c\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u5fb7\u56fd\u519b\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u8d2d\u7269\u548c\u5bc4\u5305\u88f9\u7684\u8da3\u4e8b\u8f76\u95fb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u5c06\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f29\u5f71\uff0c\u56de\u7b54\u4e00\u4e2a\u56f0\u6270\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u201c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u505a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u663e\u7136\u662f\u6b3a\u9a97\u3001\u72c2\u5984\u548c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u529f\u5730\u8bf4\u670d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff1f\u201d\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3001\u6b8b\u5e9f\u4eba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u2018\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u4eba\u2019\u975e\u5e38\u6b8b\u5fcd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u7b56\u5728\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e0b\u5c42\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u5f88\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u652b\u53d6\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e0b\u5c42\u4eba\u83b7\u76ca\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08\u7eb3\u7cb9\uff09\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u90e8\u5206\u3002\uff086-7\uff09<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
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\n\u963f\u5229\u8981\u7528\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u65f6\u4ee3\u5173\u4e8e\u6c11\u4f17\u548c\u6c11\u4f17\u62e5\u62a4\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6765\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u540c\u80de\u4eec\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u62b5\u6297\u8fc7\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u4eec\u662f\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u53d7\u60e0\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u5fc3\u6ee1\u610f\u8db3\u7684\u7a83\u8d3c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
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\u4e0e\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u9891\u6709\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u6069\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u8c6a\u65af\u5766\u683c\u5c14\uff08Ernst Hanestaengl\uff09\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u201c\u4ed6\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ee5\u62ef\u6551\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4ee5\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u5929\u804c\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u5c31\u662f\u62ef\u6551\u5fb7\u56fd\u201d\u3002[7]<\/p>\n
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1937\u5e74\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5bf9\u8d85\u8fc7\u767e\u4e07\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6b22\u547c\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u5bab\u6bbf\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u6765\u81ea\u5de5\u5730\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u519b\uff1b\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u50cf\u51e0\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u3002\u6211\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ed8\u9ed8\u65e0\u540d\u7684\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u519b\u961f\u4e2d\u8131\u9896\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u7ad9\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5947\u8ff9\u201d\u3002[10]<\/p>\n
1936\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\u96c6\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5411\u5e7f\u5927\u89c2\u4f17\u8bb2\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u6177\u6168\u6fc0\u626c\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u5728\u6570\u4ee5\u767e\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5947\u8ff9\u3002\u800c\u6211\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u4f60\u4eec\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u8fd0\u6c14\u201d\u3002[11]<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
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\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4ece\u201c\u5229\u76ca\u201d\u6765\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6781\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5ffd\u89c6\u6781\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u5bf9\u66b4\u529b\u548c\u6050\u6016\u7684\u6839\u672c\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u57c3\u6587\u65af\uff08Richard J. Evans\uff09\u5bf9\u963f\u5229\u7684\u300a\u53d7\u76ca\u4eba\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u6301\u6279\u8bc4\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u57c3\u6587\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u963f\u5229\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f3a\u8c03\u666e\u901a\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5229\u76ca\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9760\u6b66\u529b\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u72ec\u88c1\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5c31\u6de1\u5316\u4e86\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u6781\u6743\u672c\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n
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