{"id":60276,"date":"2025-11-10T08:00:53","date_gmt":"2025-11-10T00:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=60276"},"modified":"2025-11-10T08:00:53","modified_gmt":"2025-11-10T00:00:53","slug":"%e5%8c%bb%e5%ad%a6%e4%b8%8e%e5%b1%a0%e6%9d%80%ef%bc%9a%e7%99%bd%e8%a1%a3%e5%a4%a9%e4%bd%bf%e4%bd%95%e4%bb%a5%e5%8f%98%e6%88%90%e7%ba%b3%e7%b2%b9%e6%81%b6%e9%ad%94%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=60276","title":{"rendered":"\u533b\u5b66\u4e0e\u5c60\u6740\uff1a\u767d\u8863\u5929\u4f7f\u4f55\u4ee5\u53d8\u6210\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6076\u9b54\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u963f\u4ec0\u91cc\u00b7\u8d39\u5357\u8fea\u5179\uff08Ashley K. Fernandes\uff09\u5728\u300a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff1a\u4ece\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\u5230\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\u300b\uff08\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7J\u00b7\u7c73\u6070\u5c14\u5947\u514b\u6821\u8ba2\uff09\u4e2d\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u300a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u533b\u5b66\u4e0e\u5927\u5c60\u6740\uff1a\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u542f\u793a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005: Ashley K. R. Fernandes<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u81ea\u4e00\u4f4d\u5185\u79d1\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u533b\u7597\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u548c\u751f\u7269\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u4e2d\u533b\u751f\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e00\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u53f2\u5b9e\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u7ed9\u533b\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u6df1\u523b\u4f26\u7406\u6559\u8bad\u7684\u673a\u4f1a<\/strong>\u3002\u533b\u7597\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u7740\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u533b\u7597\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u804c\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u7740\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b66\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u533b\u7597\u90fd\u5173\u4e4e\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u51fa\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u56e0\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5815\u843d\u800c\u8d77\uff0c\u7d27\u968f\u5176\u540e\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u533b\u7597\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u8d25\u574f<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8981\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4eba\u7adf\u65e0\u89c6\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee4\u4eba\u80c6\u5bd2\u7684\u7eb3\u7cb9\u533b\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed9\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u533b\u5b66\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u6216\u79d1\u5b66<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u7eb3\u7cb9\u505a\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u533b\u5b66\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u533b\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e25\u8c28\u4e0e\u5584\u884c\u7684\u65e2\u5b9a\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4ece\u4e00\u4e9b\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u90a3\u91cc\u542c\u5230\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\u5b88\u5219\uff081947\uff09\uff0c\u8d6b\u5c14\u8f9b\u57fa\u5ba3\u8a00\uff081964\uff09\u548c\u8d1d\u5c14\u8499\u7279\u62a5\u544a\uff081978\uff09\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u5f53\u4f5c\u6321\u7bad\u724c\uff0c\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u8bba\u8bc1<\/strong>\u3002\u5b83\u628a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u597d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\uff08\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u975e\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u90fd\u5f52\u4e8e\u201c\u574f\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u4f2a\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u62e5\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u4eba\u6743\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u4f9d\u65e7\u6709\u7740\u4fb5\u72af\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e00\u6218\u540e\u7684\u5854\u65af\u57fa\u5409\uff08Tuskegee\uff09\u6885\u6bd2\u5b9e\u9a8c*\u7b49\u90fd\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8<\/strong><\/p>\n

1932\u5e74\u52301972\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u5c40\u6027\u75c5\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u5df4\u9a6c\u5dde\u4e0e\u5854\u65af\u57fa\u5409\u5927\u5b66\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bf9\u963f\u62c9\u5df4\u9a6c\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\u975e\u6d32\u88d4\u7537\u6027\u4ee5\u6cbb\u7597\u8d25\u8840\u75c7\u4e3a\u501f\u53e3\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4eba\u4f53\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4ece\u672a\u544a\u77e5\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u8fd9\u9879\u6885\u6bd2\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u5b9e\u60c5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ece\u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u6885\u6bd2\u60a3\u8005\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u6839\u672c\u8d77\u56e0\u6765\u81ea\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u79cd\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u6587\u5316\u662f\u4f9d\u636e\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u533a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5730\u65b9\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u7167\u642c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c31\u63d0\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7eb3\u7cb9\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d1f\u62c5\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u6d88\u5931…\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6218\u540e\u6839\u690d\u5728\u4e3e\u6b65\u7ef4\u8270\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u7684\u6050\u60e7…\uff08\u8fd9\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\uff09\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5173\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u65e0\u5173<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

– Olga Ry\u0441hikhina –<\/p>\n

\u6211\u867d\u7136\u8ba4\u540c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7c7b\u6bd4\u201d\u786e\u5b9e\u88ab\u8bef\u7528\u751a\u81f3\u6ee5\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u8282\u5236\u5e76\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u5426\u8ba4\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5377\u571f\u91cd\u6765\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4e5f\u8fc7\u4e8e\u9c81\u83bd\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6697\u793a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u201c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u201d\u653f\u6cbb\u539f\u56e0\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u865a\u5047\u7684\u5b89\u5fc3<\/strong>\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u52c9\u5f3a\u627f\u8ba4\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e5f\u8de8\u51fa\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u4ece\u628a\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u5f53\u6210\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d1f\u62c5\u201d\uff0c\u8de8\u8d8a\u5230\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u5316\u4e3a\u7528\u5b8c\u5373\u5f03\u7684\u7269\u54c1<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\u503c\u5f97\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bf9\u533b\u5b66\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6709\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e92\u76f8\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong>\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u7edd\u80b2\u6cd5\u3001\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\u6cd5\u6848\u3001T-4\u884c\u52a8\uff08\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u8ba1\u5212\uff09\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u533b\u751f\u4e0e\u75c5\u4eba\u3001\u533b\u751f\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u88ab\u8ba8\u8bba\u3001\u4f46\u73b0\u5b9e\u5c1a\u672a\u5141\u8bb8\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u75af\u72c2\u60f3\u6cd5\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u5207\u5b9e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u5b9e\u64cd\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5f88\u591a\u804c\u4e1a\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff09\u90fd\u88ab\u7eb3\u7cb9\u54f2\u5b66\u6240\u201c\u5438\u6536\u201d\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u548c\u62a4\u58eb\u5c24\u5176\u88ab\u6df1\u6df1\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u3002\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u666e\u9c81\u514b\u7279\uff08Robert N. Proctor\uff09\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5185\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u6210\u7fa4\u7ed3\u961f\u5730\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\uff08\u622a\u6b62\u81f31945\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u8fd150%\uff09\uff0c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5927\u5927\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u522b\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u3002\u5728\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u7537\u6027\u4e2d\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u52a0\u5165\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u7684\u51e0\u7387\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u76847\u500d\u3002\u62a4\u58eb\u4e5f\u662f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533b\u7597\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba4\u771f\u5b66\u4e60\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6765\u8b66\u9192\u81ea\u5df1\u533b\u5b66\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u6709\u591a\u795e\u5723\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u82e5\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u518d\u6b21\u88ab\u9057\u5fd8\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u679c\u4f1a\u6709\u591a\u4e25\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u60b2\u5267<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u57281933\u5e74\u548c1945\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u201c\u751f\u7269\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08biocracy\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0a\u767e\u4e07\u65e0\u8f9c\u56fd\u6c11\u88ab\u5c60\u6740\u3002\u201c\u533b\u751f\u5728\u8fd9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u662f\u2018\u88ab\u8feb\u2019\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c1\u89e3\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u6253\u788e\uff1a\u666e\u9c81\u514b\u7279\u57281988\u5e74\u7684\u8b66\u4e16\u4e4b\u4f5c\u300a\u79cd\u65cf\u4f18\u751f\u300b\u5c31\u6e05\u695a\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1b\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u7acb\u5bcc\u987f\uff08Robert J. Lifton\uff09\u7684\u300a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u533b\u751f\u300b\uff082000\uff09\u7ec6\u81f4\u5730\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e86\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u5316\uff1a\u4ece\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5230\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u5230\u5965\u65af\u5a01\u8f9b\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u4e2d\u53c2\u4e0e\u3001\u906d\u53d7\u548c\u62b5\u6297\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u533b\u751f\u4eec\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5b8c\u6574\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e86\u533b\u751f\u5f62\u8c61\u4ece\u201c\u88ab\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u8005\u201d\u5230\u201c\u88ab\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u6740\u624b\u201d\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

– Paula Corr\u00eaa –<\/p>\n

1859\u5e74\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u300a\u7269\u79cd\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u524d\u57fa\u56e0\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4f5c\u51fa\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u800c\u975e\u6307\u5bfc\u6027\u7684<\/strong>\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u9ad8\u5c14\u987f\uff08Francis Galton\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u624d\u80fd\u53ca\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u4e2d\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u201c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u201d<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u201c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u8fbe\u6587\u6ce2\u7279\uff08Charles B. Davenport\uff09\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u76ae\u5c14\u68ee\uff08Karl Pearson\uff09\u8fd9\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5229\u4e8e\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u4f18\u7b49\u57fa\u56e0\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u63a8\u5d07\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u52a3\u7b49\u57fa\u56e0\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\u3002\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u79d1\u592b\u52d2\u65af\uff08Daniel J. Kevles\uff09\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u4f18\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u5728\u6b27\u7f8e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u6218\u524d\u65f6\u671f\u5b83\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b83\u906d\u9047\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\uff08\u5982G\u00b7K\u00b7\u5207\u65af\u7279\u987f\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u5c0f\u7fa4\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5bb6\u628a\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u201c\u52a3\u6c70\u201d\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u6781\u81f4\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u5927\u529b\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u201c\u52a3\u7b49\u201d\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7edd\u80b2\uff0c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u4fbf\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u79ef\u6781\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u8bde\u751f\u768410\u591a\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u963f\u5c14\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u970d\u514b\uff08Alfred Hoche\uff09\u548c\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u5bbe\u4e01\uff08Karl Binding\uff09\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u6781\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u300a\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u6d3b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5e94\u88ab\u6467\u6bc0\u300b<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u6740\u6389\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e0\u6cd5\u6cbb\u6108\u7684\u3001\u610f\u5fd7\u529b\u8584\u5f31\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7edd\u80b2\u53ef\u4ee5\u6682\u4e14\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u573a\u60b2\u5267\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\uff1a1933\u5e74\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u901a\u8fc7\u6c11\u4e3b\u9009\u4e3e\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u638c\u6743\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u5bf9\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7edd\u80b2\u6cd5\u5f8b\u88ab\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u9884\u9632\u60a3\u9057\u4f20\u75c5\u540e\u4ee3\u6cd5\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u572820\u5e74\u4ee3\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u6cd5\u6761\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6bcf\u5e74\u7edd\u80b25\u4e07\u4eba\u3002\u52301939\u5e74\uff0c35\u4e07\u4eba\u88ab\u8feb\u7edd\u80b2\u3002\u57281935\u5e74\uff0c\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\u6cd5\u6848\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5c06\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u901a\u5a5a\u5217\u4e3a\u975e\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd8\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u57fa\u56e0\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u5ead\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u6848\u5f15\u9886\u4e86\u7edd\u80b2\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5fb7\u56fd\u533b\u751f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6536\u5165\u6765\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u79cd\u65cf\u4f18\u751f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u8d27\u771f\u4ef7\u5b9e\u7684\u201c\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\u4f5c\u574a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u548c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u533b\u751f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u597d\u6bd4\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u673a\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u9738\u6743\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u673a\u8bba<\/strong>\uff08supreme political vitalism\uff09\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6bd4\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u533b\u751f\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u6027\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u7ed9\u5927\u4f17\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u4e14\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5177\u8eab\u4f53\uff1b\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79cd\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u6709\u5229\u7684\u5c31\u5e94\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u5176\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u5c31\u5e94\u88ab\u6253\u4e0a\u201c\u75be\u75c5\u201d\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\uff1b\u800c\u75be\u75c5\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u6e05\u9664\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u9547\u538b\uff09\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5371\u5bb3\u751a\u81f3\u6740\u6b7b\u8fd9\u5177\u8eab\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

– Matt Chinworth –<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7edd\u80b2\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u591f\u3002\u6bd4\u8d77\u6839\u9664\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u6291\u5236\u5b83\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u30021939\u5e74\u5341\u6708\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u6388\u6743\u51c6\u8bb8\u5bf9\u201c\u75c5\u5165\u818f\u8093\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u5b9e\u884c\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u653f\u6743\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u8ba1\u5212\u5265\u593a\u201c\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u6d3b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u751f\u547d\u6743\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u201c\u8bc1\u660e\u5408\u7406\u201d\u7684\u6743\u5229<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u8ba1\u5212\u4ece\u6b8b\u75be\u513f\u7ae5\u5f00\u59cb\u79d8\u5bc6\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u57281937\u548c1945\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u533b\u751f\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e8630\u591a\u4e2a\u4e3a\u513f\u7ae5\u5b9e\u884c\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u5e03\u5c14\u96f7\uff08Michael Burleigh\uff09\u6240\u8457\u7684\u539a\u91cd\u800c\u4ee4\u4eba\u6218\u6817\u7684\u300a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e0e\u89e3\u8131\u300b\uff081994\uff09\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u7531\u7edd\u80b2\u8fc8\u5411\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b<\/strong>\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6b8b\u5fcd\u4e0e\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6076\u884c\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9b54\u9b3c\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u56db\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\u4e00\u8d77\u88ab\u516c\u5f00\u5408\u7406\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u628a\u4e0d\u9002\u5b9c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u4ece\u5fb7\u56fd\u795b\u9664\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u597d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u201d<\/strong>\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u533b\u751f\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4e86\uff0c\u8c01\u8fd8\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u597d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5462\uff1f\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u6e05\u695a\u4ec0\u4e48\u624d\u662f\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u8fd9\u5177\u201c\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u201d\u6700\u597d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u7684\u4e3e\u63aa<\/strong>\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u533b\u751f\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u7597\u6108\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u7740\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\u5c31\u66f4\u6709\u529b\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6b8b\u75be\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u5bb6\u957f\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u513f\u7ae5\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u52a8\u673a\u4e0d\u7eaf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u60f3\u88ab\u8d34\u4e0a\u517b\u80b2\u6b8b\u75be\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u6c61\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u8ba9\u4eba\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u6587\u5316\u80fd\u6df1\u6df1\u5f71\u54cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7eb3\u7cb9\u533b\u751f\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u52c3\u5170\u7279\uff08Karl Brandt\uff09\u5728\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u800c\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u8ba1\u7684\u3001\u6b63\u5728\u627f\u53d7\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u7ed9\u4e88\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8003\u91cf\u5e76\u975e\u53cd\u4eba\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4ece\u672a\u89c9\u5f97\u5b83\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u4f26\u7406\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6211\u6765\u770b\u6709\u4e00\u4ef6\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u82e5\u6709\u4eba\u60f3\u8981\u6279\u5224\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u53bb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u9662\u548c\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u5f85\u4e0a\u51e0\u5929\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u95ee\u4ed6\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u4e0d\u60f3\u90a3\u6837\u6d3b\u7740\uff1f\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u60f3\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eb2\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u6216\u7236\u6bcd\u90a3\u6837\u6d3b\u7740\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

– Joanna Ambroz –<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u9b54\u9b3c\u7684\u8fa9\u89e3\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u52c3\u5170\u7279\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u80fd\u8bf4\u670d\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u627e\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u65e2\u7406\u667a\u53c8\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u652f\u6491\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u53cd\u9a73\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52c3\u5170\u7279\u533b\u751f\u7684\u53cd\u95ee\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u5bf9\u201c\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u201d\u7684\u5408\u7406\u5316\u548c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u201d<\/strong>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u4eba\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u77e5\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u505a\u9009\u62e9\uff08\u4e00\u4f4d\u6218\u540e\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u65e0\u77e5\u7684\u5e37\u5e54\u201d<\/strong>\uff09\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u505a\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u9009\u62e9\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u7684\u3002\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u533b\u751f\u66f4\u5173\u5fc3\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u7684\u201c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u58f0\u79f0\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u662f\u533b\u751f\u4e0e\u75c5\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u79c1\u4eba\u4e8b\u52a1\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u79cd\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u5b9a\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u4e86\u5408\u7406\u5316\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u7406\u7531\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca<\/strong>\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u7531\u548c\u73b0\u4eca\u90a3\u4e9b\u652f\u6301\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6574\u8bba\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4f3c\u70b9\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u8bfb\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u8f9b\u683c\uff08Peter Singer\uff09\u6559\u6388\u5bf9\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u5408\u7406\u5316\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u548c\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u5e03\u5c14\u96f7\u5728\u300a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e0e\u89e3\u8131\u300b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5176\u5c16\u5229\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728T-4\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u7ea67\u523010\u4e07\u4eba\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0a\u7684\u6c61\u540d\u5316\u88ab\u7f16\u5165\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u636e\u666e\u9c81\u514b\u7279\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5065\u5eb7\u4eba\u7fa4\u5bf9\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7edd\u80b2\uff0c\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u6cd5\u6848<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u662f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u533b\u751f\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7528\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u201c\u79cd\u65cf\u51c0\u5316\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u4e0e\u533b\u5b66\u624b\u6bb5\u6025\u5267\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u751f\u7269\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u5192\u72af<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u5265\u593a\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u4e34\u5e8a\u9886\u57df\u3002\u533b\u751f\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5728\u533b\u9662\u548c\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u8650\u5f85\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c42\u51fa\u4e0d\u7a77\uff0c\u4ece\u8f7b\u5fae\u7684\uff08\u7ed9\u56da\u72af\u6ce8\u5c04\u4f24\u5bd2\u7ec6\u83cc\uff09\uff0c\u5230\u6076\u6bd2\u7684\uff08\u622a\u80a2\u5e76\u201c\u79fb\u690d\u201d\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u533b\u751f\u88ab\u5982\u6b64\u656c\u91cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u89c2\u4e5f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5341\u5206\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5c31\u4ee5\u201c\u9020\u798f\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u589e\u52a0\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d\uff08\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u597d\u4e8b\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u4e3a\u75c5\u4eba\u7740\u60f3\u201d\uff08\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\uff09\u7b49\u7406\u7531\u88ab\u5408\u7406\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u7fa4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u6218\u72af\uff09\u4e5f\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e11\u964b\u800c\u6b8b\u5fcd\u7684\u4eba\u4f53\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u6b8b\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n

1942\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u533b\u5b66\u754c\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b27\u6d32\u6574\u4f53\u6df1\u5165\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u592a\u4f20\u7edf\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u201c\u6700\u7ec8\u89e3\u51b3\u201d\u65b9\u6848\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u6740\u6b7b\u6b27\u6d32\u6240\u6709\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u533b\u5b66\uff0c\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u672f\u8bed\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u53eb\u4f5c\u201c\u5bf9\u6076\u884c\u7684\u62e5\u62a4\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u6587\u5316\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6781\u6df1\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7a7f\u7740\u767d\u5927\u8902\u7684\u533b\u751f\u8ba4\u53ef\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u9001\u8fdb\u6bd2\u6c14\u5ba4\u7684\u4eba\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u4f1a\u76d1\u63a7\u62b9\u6740\u4eba\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u75c5\u6001\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u751a\u81f3\u795e\u5316\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2026\u2026\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ad9\u5728\u65c1\u89c2\u7684\u533b\u751f\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6b27\u7c73\u4f3d\u70b9\u822c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u662f\u751f\u6b7b\u4e16\u754c\u95f4\u7684\u5b88\u95e8\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u6765\u6cbb\u7597\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u5171\u540c\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6740\u5bb36\u767e\u4e07\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u548c9\u767e\u4e07\u201c\u4ed6\u8005\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u89c2\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u9020\u6210\u5982\u6b64\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u4ece\u4e0d\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728<\/strong>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6740\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u6740\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u852c\u83dc\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u751f\u7269\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5f53\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u54f2\u5b66\u89c2\uff0c\u5148\u53bb\u5426\u8ba4\u90a3\u4e9b\u963b\u788d\u79cd\u65cf\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u540e\uff0c\u6740\u5bb3\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5c31\u7531\u79d1\u5b66\u6765\u505a<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u201c\u751f\u7269\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u5192\u72af\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

– Joanna Ambroz –<\/p>\n

\u60b2\u5267\u7684\u542f\u793a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5927\u7ea620\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5df2\u6545\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u7269\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u5bfc\u5e08\u7684\u57c3\u5fb7\u8499\u00b7\u4f69\u91cc\u683c\u5229\u8bfa\uff08Edmund Pellegrino\uff09\u535a\u58eb\u7ed9\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u53bb\u5b66\u4e60\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\u6559\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u73cd\u8d35\u800c\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4e00\u8bfe\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u89c1\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9ad8\u4e8e\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u6bd4\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u2026\u2026\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u6559\u4f1a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u5f97\u51fa\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u90a3\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u5fc5\u987b\u4e5f\u88ab\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u6e90\u4e8e\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ec8\u7a76\u8981\u660e\u767d\u6709\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u6837\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f69\u91cc\u683c\u5229\u8bfa\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u8bfe\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u6559\u8bad\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6559\u8bad\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u66f4\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5173\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e00\u4ee3\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6b63\u5728\u901d\u53bb\uff0c\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u548c\u89e3\u653e\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u533b\u751f\u4eec\u4ece\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u6bd5\u4e1a\u65f6\uff0c\u5171\u60c5\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u97e7\u6027\u6bd4\u521a\u5165\u5b66\u65f6\u66f4\u5f31\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e9b\u79ef\u6781\u5e2e\u52a9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u7684\u533b\u751f\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5728\u505a\u201c\u597d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e8b\u5b9e\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u4eba\u9886\u609f\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u771f\u76f8\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u5df2\u6545\u7684\u8ba9\u00b7\u8d1d\u601d\u514b\u00b7\u827e\u5c14\u65af\u5766\uff08Jean Bethke-Elshtain\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u539f\u6559\u65e8\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u8def\u4e0a\u8d8a\u8d70\u8d8a\u8fdc\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u548c\u533b\u7597\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u6559\u5b97\u82e5\u671b\u4fdd\u7984\u4e8c\u4e16\uff08Pope John Paul II\uff09\u5728\u62dc\u8bbf\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986\u65f6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u5e26\u7740\u76ee\u7684\u53bb\u8bb0\u4f4f\u201d\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4f1a\u7b80\u5355\u9610\u8ff0\u4e94\u4e2a\u4ece\u7eb3\u7cb9\u533b\u5b66\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u3002\u82e5\u533b\u5b66\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7597\u6108\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31<\/strong>\u5fc5\u987b\u8bb0\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u878d\u5165\u5230\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u533b\u7597\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u575a\u6301\u4eba\u683c\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong>\uff08personalism\uff09\u3002\u4e0a\u6587\u7b80\u77ed\u5730\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u96c5\u514b\u00b7\u9a6c\u91cc\u987f\uff08Maritain\uff09\u4e5f\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6599\u4e0a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u8bb2\u8ff0\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u601d\u60f3\u8fd8\u6709\u5f62\u5f62\u8272\u8272\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u62e5\u62a4\u8005\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7518\u5730\u3001\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u8def\u5fb7\u00b7\u91d1\u3001\u8fd8\u6709\u5df2\u6545\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5361\u7f57\u5c14\u00b7\u7ea6\u6cfd\u592b\u00b7\u6c83\u4f0a\u8482\u74e6\uff08\u5373\u82e5\u671b\u4fdd\u7984\u4e8c\u4e16\uff09\u3002\u4eba\u683c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bbe\u60f3\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u672c\u8eab<\/strong>\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u662f\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/strong>\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\uff0c\u54c1\u5fb7\uff0c\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u9700\u800c\u88ab\u727a\u7272\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u9644\u5e26\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72b6\u51b5\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u6b8b\u7f3a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fc7\u53bb\u73b0\u5728\u548c\u672a\u6765\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u80fd\u628a\u4eba\u5e94\u5f97\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u4ece\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4e0a\u5265\u593a\u3002\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e25\u5bc6\u3001\u666e\u4e16\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u878d\u5408\u8fdb\u6240\u601d\u6240\u4e3a\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u533b\u5b66\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u89e3\u836f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u907f\u514d\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5c60\u6740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u533b\u5b66\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u3001<\/strong>\uff08\u4e0e\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u76f8\u6bd4\uff09\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9<\/strong>\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5815\u80ce\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u548c\u51cf\u5c11\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u5bf9\u56da\u72af\u5b9e\u884c\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7edd\u80b2\uff1b\u4ee5\u80da\u80ce\u690d\u5165\u524d\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8bca\u65ad\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4f20\u64ad\u201c\u4f18\u826f\u57fa\u56e0\u201d\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff1b\u90e8\u5206\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u652f\u6301\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u628a\u53c2\u89c2\u5965\u65af\u7ef4\u8f9b\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u201d\u3002\u5c06\u6709\u57fa\u56e0\u7f3a\u9677\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5510\u6c0f\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u548c\u56ca\u80bf\u578b\u7ea4\u7ef4\u75c7\uff09\u7684\u80da\u80ce\u6253\u6389\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u800c\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u5374\u8ba4\u53ef\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u90a3\u4efb\u4f55\u201c\u5176\u5b83\u5229\u76ca\u201d\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u62b9\u6740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u533b\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5e7f\u6cdb\u800c\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bd4\u8d77\u6740\u5bb3\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u88ab\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u662f\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u548c\u533b\u7597\u884c\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4fdd\u62a4<\/strong>\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u7269\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6587\u732e\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u79fb\u9664\u9053\u5fb7\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u5982\u5815\u80ce\uff0c\u907f\u5b55\uff0c\u7edd\u80b2\uff0c\u548c\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u70ed\u70b9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u533b\u751f\u5bf9\u5176\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u8a93\u8a00\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8eTA\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u89c2\u6709\u591a\u575a\u5b9a\uff1b\u82e5\u5141\u8bb8\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5f3a\u8feb\uff09TA\u53bb\u8fdd\u53cd\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5fd8\u8bb0\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u6362\u6210\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u6765\u62b5\u5fa1\u8fd9\u6ce2\u6f6e\u6d41\u3002\u5728\u533b\u5b66\u9053\u5fb7\u4fdd\u62a4\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u82cf\u5c14\u9a6c\u897f\uff08Dan Sulmasy\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u8457\u4f5c\u548c\u96c4\u8fa9\uff08\u867d\u7136\u4f9d\u65e7\u662f\u5c11\u6570\uff09\u91cc\u6e05\u695a\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u8b66\u9192\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u751f\u7269\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u6240\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5371\u5bb3<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4f4d\u533b\u5b66\u751f\u66fe\u7ecf\u95ee\u6211\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6211\u6700\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u3002\u6211\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u5584\u6076\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4e2d\u7acb\u5730\u5e26<\/strong>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u533b\u751f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4eceTA\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8d23\u4efb\u91cc\u9003\u53bb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u5c06\u8d23\u4efb\u8f6c\u5ac1\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u7eb3\u7cb9\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u52c7\u6562\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u6c89\u9ed8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u76d6\u4f26\u4e3b\u6559\uff08Cardinal von Galen\uff09\uff0c\u88ab\u6298\u78e8\u81f4\u6b7b\u7684\u6f58\u970d\u534e\uff08Dietrich Bonheoffer\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u533b\u751f\u8054\u76df\uff08the Association of Socialist Physicians\uff09\uff08\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u9886\u5934\u8005\u57281933\u5e74\u88ab\u902e\u6355\u6216\u5904\u51b3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u533b\u751f\u57281938\u5e74\u88ab\u6740\u5bb3\u4e8e\u5965\u5730\u5229\u548c\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\uff09\u3002\u6f58\u970d\u534e\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd8\u5728\u8003\u9a8c\u6211\u4eec\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u7779\u6076\u884c\u5374\u4fdd\u6301\u6c89\u9ed8\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u66b4\u98ce\u96e8\u6dcb\u6e7f\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u5230\u4e86\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u7684\u865a\u4f2a\u8bdd\u8bed\u672f\uff1b\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6000\u7591\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u771f\u8bda\uff1b\u65e0\u6cd5\u5fcd\u53d7\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u6d88\u78e8\u6b86\u5c3d\uff0c\u6559\u6211\u4eec\u6124\u4e16\u5ac9\u4fd7\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5929\u624d\u3001\u6124\u4e16\u5ac9\u4fd7\u4e4b\u4eba\u3001\u538c\u6076\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e4b\u4eba\u3001\u806a\u660e\u7684\u8c0b\u58eb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u8bda\u5b9e\u3001\u6b63\u76f4\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u8db3\u591f\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5185\u5728\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u65e0\u6094\u7684\u8bda\u5b9e\uff0c\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u56de\u6734\u7d20\u548c\u6b63\u76f4\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0d\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c31\u4f1a\u79f0\u9738\u4e8e\u9053\u5fb7\u3002\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u6240\u9644\u5e26\u7684\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6307\u5411\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

– Matt Chinworth –<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u4ece\u533b\u5b66\u548c\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u795e\u201d<\/strong>\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u4f9d\u9760\u5047\u8bbe\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6216\u8bc1\u4f2a\u6765\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u4f46\u6b63\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5b83\u3002\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u7b54\u5173\u4e8e\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5584\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5fc5\u987b\u4ef0\u8d56\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u6027\u548c\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u4f53\u9a8c\u201d\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b66\u4ece\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u6dec\u70bc\u771f\u76f8<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u4f1f\u4e1a\u65e2\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\uff08\u7406\u6027\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\uff08\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff09\u7684\u3002\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u66fe\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5fc5\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u667a\u529b\u6210\u4e3a\u795e\uff1b\u5b83\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u5f3a\u58ee\u7684\u808c\u8089\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u683c\u3002\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f15\u9886\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u670d\u52a1\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u6311\u5254\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9886\u8def\u4eba\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u54c1\u8d28\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u667a\u529b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u6709\u654f\u9510\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5bf9\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u96be\u602a\u8fd9\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u65e0\u77e5\u4e00\u4ee3\u4ee3\u4f20\u4e86\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u73b0\u4eca\u6ce2\u53ca\u4e86\u6574\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u533b\u751f\u548c\u533b\u7597\u884c\u4e1a\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u62b5\u5236\u5728\u533b\u5b66\u6587\u5316\u91cc\u968f\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5c06\u4eba\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u4eba\u5316\u7684\u4e60\u60ef<\/strong>\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u90fd\u80fd\u8bf4\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u79c1\u4e0b\u91cc\u5f62\u5bb9\u67d0\u4e9b\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff1a\u201c\u690d\u7269\u201d\uff08\u660f\u8ff7\u72b6\u6001\uff09\uff1b\u201cP.O.S\u201d\uff08\u4e00\u6ce1\u5c4e\uff09\uff1b\u201c\u677e\u9f20\u519c\u573a\u201d\uff08\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u7279\u62a4\u75c5\u623f\uff09\uff1b\u201c\u9972\u517b\u5458\u201d\uff08\u67092-3\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\uff09\uff1b\u201c\u65e0\u7528\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u5bc4\u751f\u866b\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u65e9\u5217\u4e3e\u5230\u665a\u3002\u6740\u6b7b\u4e00\u682a\u201c\u690d\u7269\u201d\uff08\u6697\u6307\u690d\u7269\u4eba\uff09\u6bd4\u6740\u4eba\u5bb9\u6613\uff1b\u653e\u5f03\u590d\u82cf\u4e00\u53ea\u201c\u677e\u9f20\u201d\u6bd4\u653e\u5f03\u4e00\u4e2a\u5a74\u513f\u5bb9\u6613\uff1b\u6bd4\u8d77\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u601c\u7684\u836f\u7269\u6210\u763e\u8005\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u201cP.O.S\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u5bc4\u751f\u866b\u201d\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0d\u656c\u66f4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u826f\u5fc3\u53d7\u714e\u71ac\u3002<\/p>\n

\u533b\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e7f\u6cdb\u800c\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u79f0\u8c13\u3002\u5965\u739b\u00b7\u6d77\u683c\uff08Omar Haque\uff09\u548c\u4e9a\u5f53\u00b7\u7ef4\u5179\uff08Adam Waytz\uff09\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5148\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5c06\u4eba\u975e\u4eba\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u5728\u533b\u7597\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u79fb\u60c5\u7684\u6d88\u901d\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u8131\u79bb\u611f\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u4e5f\u5f88\u771f\u5b9e\uff1a\u533b\u751f\u548c\u75c5\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u901a\u8fc7\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c55\u73b0\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u75be\u75c5\u672c\u8eab\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u75c5\u4eba\u6709\u75be\u75c5\u7f20\u8eab\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u5927\u5bb6\u773c\u4e2d\u5178\u578b\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u4e86\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u628a\u75c5\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u8d34\u4e0a\u75be\u75c5\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f97\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u8fd8\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u66f4\u6076\u610f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u611f\u77e5\uff0c\u800c\u611f\u77e5\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30<\/strong>\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5bfc\u6f14\u4e3a\u4e86\u8d62\u5f97\u5927\u4f17\u5bf9\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u7279\u610f\u6539\u52a8\u4e86\u62cd\u6444\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u65f6\u7684\u6253\u5149\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u4e0d\u50cf\u4eba\u3002\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u4e14\u620f\u5267\u6027\u5730\u5c06\u4eba\u964d\u683c\u6210\u975e\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f13\u6162\u3001\u957f\u671f\u7684\u964d\u683c\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u516c\u5f00\u573a\u5408\u542c\u5230\u4fae\u8fb1\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u65f6\u7ad9\u51fa\u6765\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u75c5\u5e8a\u524d\u4e3b\u52a8\u8868\u8fbe\u4eba\u6027\u5173\u6000\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8010\u5fc3\u548c\u6e29\u67d4\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

– Maggie Chiang –<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u6559\u8bad\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u533b\u751f\u5fc5\u987b\u4e13\u4e00\u5730\u770b\u5f85\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u5176\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7406\u5ff5<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u65f6\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u548c\u533b\u7597\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u90fd\u575a\u4fe1\u79cd\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u533b\u751f\u5411\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4ece\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u533b\u751f\u5230\u56fd\u5bb6\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u533b\u751f\u201d\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u81f4\u656c\u3002\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u7684\u5408\u7406\u5316\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u57cb\u85cf\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u4e2d\u2014\u2014\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u532e\u4e4f\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u6765\u8bf4\u5f88\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u4eca\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u533b\u836f\u9886\u57df\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u522b\u7684\u201c\u795e\u201d\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u5bf9\u60a3\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7f3a\u5931\u3002\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u8d28\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u201d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u201c\u60a3\u8005\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u201d\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u6210\u76ee\u7684\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u5065\u5eb7\u4e13\u5bb6\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u8650\u5f85\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u540c\u8c0b\u8005\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u5c0a\u4e25\uff0c\u53ea\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u522b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u79f0\u8d5e\u7684\uff08\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u201c\u767d\u5927\u8902\u201d\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8981\u6c42\u533b\u751f\u5728\u4e3a\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u5c3d\u8d23\u65f6\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u533b\u751f\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u6709\u591a\u6148\u60b2\uff09\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u522b\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u6b63\u4e49\u548c\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u767d\u5927\u8902\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u548c\u4f4f\u9662\u533b\u5e08\u7684\u533b\u751f\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6700\u7ec8\u5b83\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u843d\u5728\u533b\u751f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7597\u6108\u8005\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49<\/strong>\u4e0a\u3002\u9ed1\u8272\u901a\u5e38\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u9ed1\u6697\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u800c\u767d\u5927\u8902\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ed1\u7684\u53cd\u9762\uff0c\u4f20\u8fbe\u4e86\u5411\u5149\u548c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u65e0\u89c6\u90a3\u4e9b\u56f4\u7ed5\u533b\u7597\u4e0e\u5176\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8bef\u7528\uff0c\u548c\u6ee5\u7528\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u5b83\u6307\u5411\u533b\u751f\u6240\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u634d\u536b\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u548c\u5c0a\u4e25\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u65f6\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8eab\u65e0\u6cd5\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u6539\u7f16\u81ea\u963f\u4ec0\u91cc\u00b7\u8d39\u5357\u8fea\u5179\uff08Ashley K. Fernandes\uff09\u5728\u300a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff1a\u4ece\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\u5230\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\u300b\uff08\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7J […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[12],"tags":[3503,1150,18129,18130],"views":186,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60276"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=60276"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60276\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60589,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60276\/revisions\/60589"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=60276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=60276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=60276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}