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\u4f5c\u8005: \u674e\u662d\u8f89<\/p>\n

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\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u6570\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u7684\u514d\u804c\u7387\u8981\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u88ab\u8feb\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u5728145\u4f4d\u88ab\u89e3\u804c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u670982\u4f4d\u53bb\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8457\u540d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u7406\u67e5\u00b7\u67ef\u6717\uff08Richard Courant\uff09\u66fe\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e2d\u53c2\u52a0\u5fb7\u519b\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6709\u8c41\u514d\u6743\u7684\u90a3\u6279\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u539f\u672c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u57281933\u5e745\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u5b98\u65b9\u51fd\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u77e5\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u79bb\u5f00\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u67ef\u6717\u63a5\u5230\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3a\u671f\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u8bbf\u95ee\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u53bb\u4e86\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1936\u5e74\u88ab\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u4e3a\u8be5\u6821\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u67ef\u6717\u6839\u636e\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u4ed6\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u88ab\u8feb\u79bb\u5f00\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u804c\u4f4d\u3002\u67ef\u6717\u5728\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5f88\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8fd9\u6240\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u57281964\u5e74\u88ab\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u67ef\u6717\u6570\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5973\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u827e\u7c73\u00b7\u8bfa\u7279\uff08Emmy Noether\uff09\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u62bd\u8c61\u4ee3\u6570\u4e4b\u6bcd\u201d\uff0c\u5979\u57281933\u5e744\u6708\u88ab\u4efb\u804c\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u89e3\u8058\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e\u540c\u5e7410\u6708\u79bb\u5f00\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u7684\u5e03\u6797\u00b7\u83ab\u5c14\uff08Bryan Mawr\uff09\u5b66\u9662\u4efb\u804c\uff0c\u8be5\u5b66\u9662\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u4e03\u6240\u5973\u5b50\u5b66\u9662\u4e4b\u4e00\u30021934\u5e74\uff0c\u8bfa\u7279\u5728\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u9ad8\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6bcf\u5468\u4e3e\u529e\u4e00\u6b21\u8bb2\u5ea7\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f85\u4e86\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u624b\u672f\u4e2d\u56e0\u53d1\u751f\u6813\u585e\u800c\u4e0d\u5e78\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u65f6\u5e7453\u5c81\u3002\u827e\u7c73\u00b7\u8bfa\u7279\u53bb\u4e16\u51e0\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6839\u636e\u6700\u6709\u624d\u534e\u7684\u5728\u4e16\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u81ea\u4ece\u5973\u6027\u63a5\u53d7\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8bfa\u7279\u662f\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u6700\u6709\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5929\u624d\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

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\u6570\u5b66\u5927\u5e08\u8d6b\u5c14\u66fc\u00b7\u5916\u5c14\uff08Hermann Weyl\uff09\u4e5f\u96be\u9003\u5384\u8fd0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e8e1933\u5e74\u4ece\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u79bb\u804c\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5f3a\u8feb\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u62c5\u5fc3\u81ea\u5df1\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u59bb\u5b50\u548c\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u5916\u5c14\u53bb\u4e86\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u9ad8\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u65e9\u57281929\u5e74\u5c31\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u89c9\u5f97\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u5f97\u50cf\u540e\u6765\u90a3\u6837\u7cdf\u7cd5\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u4e3a\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5b89\u5168\u62c5\u5fe7\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u624d\u6700\u7ec8\u52a8\u8eab\u79bb\u5f00\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u53bb\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u7c73\u585e\u65af\uff08Richard Von Mises\uff09\u548c\u5e0c\u5c14\u8fbe\u00b7\u76d6\u6797\u683c\uff08HildaGeiringer\uff09\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u665a\u6765\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u7c73\u585e\u65af\u57281933\u5e74\u88ab\u8feb\u4ece\u67cf\u6797\u51fa\u8d70\uff0c\u4ed6\u5148\u662f\u5728\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4f0a\u65af\u5766\u5e03\u5c14\u4efb\u804c\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6570\u5b66\u7cfb\u3002\u5e0c\u5c14\u8fbe\u00b7\u76d6\u6797\u683c\u4e5f\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u4e86\u571f\u8033\u5176\u3002\u571f\u8033\u5176\u65b9\u9762\u4e0e\u51af\u00b7\u7c73\u585e\u65af\u6ca1\u6709\u7eed\u7b7e\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u8f9e\u4e86\u804c\uff0c\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5\u548c\u76d6\u6797\u683c\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u7c73\u585e\u65af\u6700\u7ec8\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u85aa\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u76d6\u6797\u683c\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7533\u8bf7\u90fd\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u76d6\u6797\u683c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u51af\u00b7\u7c73\u585e\u65af\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5e03\u6797\u00b7\u83ab\u5c14\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u6559\u804c\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u7c73\u585e\u65af\u548c\u76d6\u6797\u683c\u4e8e1943\u5e74\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u6700\u7ec8\u4e8e1945\u5e74\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5e26\u85aa\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8d39\u5229\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u8c6a\u65af\u591a\u592b\uff08Felix Hausdorff\uff09\u5728\u6ce2\u6069\u5927\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e8640\u5e74\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1935\u5e74\u88ab\u8feb\u9000\u4f11\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u9000\u4f11\u65f6\u6821\u65b9\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u53e5\u611f\u8c22\u7684\u8bdd\u90fd\u6ca1\u8bf4\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u9000\u4f11\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ece\u4e8b\u6570\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e03\u7bc7\u6709\u5173\u62d3\u6251\u5b66\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u96c6\u5408\u8bba\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8fd8\u4fee\u8ba2\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u65e9\u5e74\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5e74\u9f84\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u30021942\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u7eb3\u7cb9\u653f\u6743\u660e\u786e\u8981\u5c06\u4ed6\u9001\u8fdb\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u65f6\uff0c\u8c6a\u65af\u591a\u592b\u4e0e\u59bb\u5b50\u548c\u59b9\u59b9\u4e00\u8d77\u81ea\u6740\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u81ea\u6740\u524d\u7ed9\u670b\u53cb\u5199\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4eb2\u7231\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff1a<\/p>\n

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