{"id":60997,"date":"2025-11-20T19:27:18","date_gmt":"2025-11-20T11:27:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=60997"},"modified":"2025-11-20T19:27:18","modified_gmt":"2025-11-20T11:27:18","slug":"%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd%e5%8e%9f%e5%88%9b%e3%80%81%e5%be%b7%e5%9b%bd%e5%88%b6%e9%80%a0%ef%bc%9a%e7%ba%b3%e7%b2%b9%e7%a7%8d%e6%97%8f%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e4%bc%98%e7%94%9f%e5%ad%a6%e7%9a%84%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=60997","title":{"rendered":"\u7f8e\u56fd\u539f\u521b\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u5236\u9020\uff1a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6839\u6e90"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5bfc\u8bfb<\/p>\n<section class=\"\" data-source=\"bj.96weixin.com\">\n<section>\n<section>\n<section class=\"\" data-style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-size: 14px;\">\u7f8e\u5267\u300a\u9ad8\u5821\u5947\u4eba\u300b\uff08The Man in the High Castle\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u5973\u4e3b\u89d2\u6295\u964d\u7eb3\u7cb9\u540e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4eba\u79cd\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u201c\u4f18\u7b49\u79cd\u65cf\u201d\u7684\u6559\u6761\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6dcb\u6f13\u5c3d\u81f4\u7684\u523b\u5212\u548c\u8bbd\u523a\u3002\u4f46\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8bbd\u523a\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u5f71\u7247\u907f\u800c\u4e0d\u8c08\u7684\u53f2\u5b9e\uff1a\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u6700\u65e9\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d1\u7aef\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u58ee\u5927\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5927\u529b\u63a8\u9500\u81f3\u5fb7\u56fd\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e5f\u5168\u8d56\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u3001\u5361\u5185\u57fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d22\u9600\u7684\u5927\u529b\u8d44\u52a9\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\uff0c\u4f18\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u8054\u5408\u4e86\u5982\u5927\u8d22\u9600\u3001\u8457\u540d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5404\u5927\u5e38\u9752\u85e4\u540d\u6821\u3001\u5404\u5730\u7acb\u6cd5\u548c\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\u3001\u4e43\u81f3\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6cd5\u5b98\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8206\u8bba\u5ba3\u4f20\u3001\u4f2a\u9020\u548c\u7be1\u6539\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u624b\u6bb5\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u201d\u3002\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u8fd8\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u201c\u521b\u65b0\u201d\uff1a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5236\u4f5c\u5bb6\u65cf\u8c31\u7cfb\u5361\u7247\u3001\u5f3a\u5236\u7edd\u80b2\u3001\u4eba\u79cd\u9694\u79bb\u3001\u5a5a\u59fb\u9650\u5236\u3001\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u3001\u7ec6\u83cc\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7eb3\u7cb9\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u6bd2\u6c14\u5ba4\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u539f\u521b\u3002\u5728\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u4f20\u5165\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u8d22\u9600\u901a\u8fc7\u8d44\u91d1\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4ece\u65e0\u5230\u6709\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u52a9\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u52301939\u5e74\u4e8c\u6218\u5168\u9762\u7206\u53d1\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ca\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u652f\u6301\u8005\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u786e\uff1a\u201c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u751f\u7269\u7279\u5f81\u4e0a\u7684\u540c\u7c7b\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u538b\u5012\u6027\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\u5360\u6ee1\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u7403\uff0c\u5c11\u7ed9\u4e43\u81f3\u4e0d\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u79cd\u7559\u4e0b\u751f\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/bcef6c86cf1c35c7\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u3010\u8bd1\u6587\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u57c3\u5fb7\u6e29\u2022\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\uff08Edwin Black\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u57c3\u5fb7\u6e29\u2022\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u662f\u300aIBM\u548c\u5927\u5c60\u6740\uff1a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6218\u7565\u8054\u76df\u300b\uff08IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance between Nazi Germany and America\u2019s Most Powerful Corporation\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u5bf9\u5f31\u8005\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff1a\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u521b\u9020\u4f18\u7b49\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u300b\uff08War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America\u2019s Campaign to Create a Master Race\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002 \u539f\u6587\u6807\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u6050\u6016\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6839\u6e90\u300b\uff08The Horrifying American Roots of Nazi Eugenics\uff09\uff0c\u94fe\u63a5\u89c1https:\/\/historynewsnetwork.org\/article\/1796<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/415e3dc59c2bacd2\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u300aIBM\u548c\u5927\u5c60\u6740\uff1a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6218\u7565\u8054\u76df\u300b<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/f97cae83950074bd\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u300a\u5bf9\u5f31\u8005\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff1a\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u521b\u9020\u4f18\u7b49\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u300b<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u8ba9\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u6df1\u53d7\u5176\u5bb3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4f18\u7b49\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u706d\u7edd\u4e86\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5c06\u201c\u4f18\u7b49\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u91d1\u53d1\u78a7\u773c\u7684\u5317\u6b27\u767d\u79cd\u4eba\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5e76\u975e\u6765\u81ea\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u65e9\u5728\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4e0a\u53f0\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u751f\u6839\u53d1\u82bd\u4e86\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9c9c\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\uff0c\u4f46\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ee5\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u4e3a\u540d\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u6e05\u6d17\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u5176\u5b9e\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/d286ce7572c225f6\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u6587\u914d\u56fe\uff08\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fbd\u7ae0\u3001IBM\u6807\u8bc6\u3001\u6d4b\u91cf\u4eba\u4f53\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u662f\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4f2a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u610f\u56fe\u6d88\u706d\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u201d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u90a3\u4e9b\u7b26\u5408\u5317\u6b27\u4eba\u79cd\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u7d20\u88ab\u5236\u5b9a\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5236\u7edd\u80b2\u3001\u4eba\u79cd\u9694\u79bb\u4ee5\u53ca\u5a5a\u59fb\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u768427\u4e2a\u5dde\u5f97\u5230\u8d2f\u5f7b\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002 1909\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u91c7\u7528\u6b64\u7c7b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5dde\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u8005\u5f3a\u8feb\u7edd\u80b2\u4e86\u5927\u7ea66\u4e07\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u6570\u5343\u4f8b\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u201d\u5a5a\u59fb\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u5343\u4eba\u5f3a\u884c\u9694\u79bb\u4e8e\u201c\u805a\u5c45\u5730\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8feb\u5bb3\u4e86\u65e0\u6570\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fd1\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u7edd\u80b2\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u5dde\u8fd8\u5360\u7f8e\u56fd\u6240\u6709\u6b64\u7c7b\u624b\u672f\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u52a0\u5dde\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f18\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5934\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5bb6\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u4f46\u9c9c\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982\u9646\u519b\u6027\u75c5\u4e13\u5bb6\u4fdd\u7f57\u2022\u6ce2\u666e\u8bfa\u535a\u58eb\uff08Dr. Paul Popenoe\uff09\uff0c\u67d1\u6a58\u5927\u4ea8\u548c\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u6821\u6350\u732e\u4eba\u4fdd\u7f57\u2022\u6208\u65af\u5c3c\uff08PaulGosney\uff09\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u6821\uff0cPolytechnic School\uff0c\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u6240\u7cbe\u82f1\u9ad8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u524d\u8eab\u662f\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u6587\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821Grammar School\uff09\u548c\u8428\u514b\u62c9\u95e8\u6258\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u2022M\u2022\u6b4c\u5fb7\uff08Charles M. Goethe\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u6148\u5584\u548c\u60e9\u6559\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a[California State Board of Charities and Corrections] \u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a[University of California Board of Regent] \u7684\u6210\u5458\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/0fc19bf625ee2c82\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u4fdd\u7f57\u2022\u6ce2\u666e\u8bfa\uff081888-1979\uff0c\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/51e20920fd5eafe3\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u4fdd\u7f57\u2022\u6208\u65af\u5c3c\uff081855-1942\uff0c\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em> <img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/9fc743d37e571e9c\" \/><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u2022M\u2022\u6b4c\u5fb7\uff081875-1966\uff0c\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8c37\u6b4c\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u6148\u5584\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5361\u5185\u57fa\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Carnegie Institution\uff09\u3001\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff08Rockefeller Foundation\uff09\u548c\u54c8\u91cc\u66fc\u94c1\u8def\u57fa\u91d1\uff08Harriman Railroad Fortune\uff09\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u624d\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u4e3a\u5ba2\u5385\u95f2\u804a\u7684\u5947\u8c08\u602a\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u6148\u5584\u673a\u6784\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e9b\u6765\u81ea\u65af\u5766\u798f\u3001\u8036\u9c81\u3001\u54c8\u4f5b\u548c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u7b49\u8457\u540d\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u53d7\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u79cd\u65cf\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u4f2a\u9020\u548c\u7be1\u6539\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u5927\u536b\u2022\u65af\u5854\u5c14\u2022\u4e54\u4e39\uff08David Starr Jordan\uff09\u5728\u51761902\u5e74\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e66\u7c4d\u300a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u8840\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e0d\u9002\u8005\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u9020\u6210\u79cd\u65cf\u8870\u843d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08The Blood of The Nation: A Study in the Decay of Races by the Survival of the Unfit\uff09\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e0e\u8840\u7edf\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5ba3\u79f0\u5982\u5929\u8d4b\u548c\u8d2b\u56f0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u72b6\u51b5\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8840\u6db2\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/3de3d1b2d79bcf49\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u5927\u536b\u2022\u65af\u5854\u5c14\u2022\u4e54\u4e39\uff081851-1931\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u9996\u4efb\u6821\u957f\uff0c\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/dc5cef528878d318\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u300a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u8840\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e0d\u9002\u8005\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u9020\u6210\u79cd\u65cf\u8870\u843d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300b<\/em><\/p>\n<p>1904\u5e74\uff0c\u5361\u5185\u57fa\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5728\u957f\u5c9b\u51b7\u6cc9\u6e2f\uff08Cold Spring Harbor\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u50a8\u5b58\u4e86\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u5f20\u7d22\u5f15\u5361\u7247\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u636e\u6b64\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7b56\u5212\u4e86\u5bb6\u65cf\u3001\u8840\u7edf\u3001\u4e43\u81f3\u6574\u4e2a\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u6e05\u9664\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u548c\u534f\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u6fc0\u52a8\u4e0d\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/pic3.zhimg.com\/v2-d43cb2171ed02dd3267732fc065264e6_1440w.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u51b7\u6cc9\u6e2f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300bWhen Racism Was a Science\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/5cee6fe85f285635\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u5bf9\u7cbe\u795e\u865a\u5f31\u8005\u5bb6\u65cf\u8c31\u7cfb\u7684\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300bWhen Racism Was a Science\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u54c8\u91cc\u66fc\u94c1\u8def\u57fa\u91d1\u652f\u6301\u5404\u5730\u7684\u6148\u5584\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u5c40\uff08New York Bureau of Industries and Immigration\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u7b49\u4eba\u53e3\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u5883\u3001\u76d1\u7981\u6216\u8005\u5f3a\u8feb\u7edd\u80b2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8d44\u52a9\u4e86\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u536b\u961f\u519b\u5b98\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u2022\u95e8\u683c\u52d2\uff08Josef Mengele\uff09\u5728\u524d\u5f80\u5965\u65af\u5a01\u8f9b\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/dbc2041d94b5e6ad\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u95e8\u683c\u52d2\uff08\u4e2d\uff09\u5728\u5965\u65af\u7ef4\u8f9b\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\uff081944\u5e74\uff0c\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f18\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7cbe\u795e\u6307\u5bfc\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u9f13\u52a8\u6765\u81ea\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u534a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u603b\u90e8\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5e15\u8428\u8fea\u7eb3\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u6539\u5584\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff08Human Betterment Foundation\uff09\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u4f1a\uff08American Eugenics Society\uff09\u7684\u52a0\u5dde\u5206\u4f1a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5747\u4e0e\u4f4d\u4e8e\u957f\u5c9b\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u534f\u4f1a\uff08Eugenics Research Society\uff09\u5171\u540c\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u53d1\u5e03\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u65b0\u95fb\u4fe1\u548c\u4f2a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u5982\u300a\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u901a\u8baf\u300b\uff08Eugenical News\uff09\u548c\u300a\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u300b\uff08Eugenics\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba3\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u8d77\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7684\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u5b83\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u7d22\u3002 1863\u5e74\uff0c\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u2022\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8868\u5144\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u2022\u9ad8\u5c14\u987f\u7235\u58eb\uff08Sir Francis Galton\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u624d\u534e\u6a2a\u6ea2\u7684\u4eba\u53ea\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u624d\u534e\u6a2a\u6ea2\u7684\u4eba\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5176\u540e\u4ee3\u5c06\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u66f4\u4f18\u79c0\u3002\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u4ea4\uff0c\u6b63\u5f53\u683c\u96f7\u6208\u5c14\u2022\u5b5f\u5fb7\u5c14\uff08Gregor Mendel\uff09\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u539f\u5219\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u9ad8\u5c14\u987f\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u88ab\u5f15\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u822c\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b5f\u5fb7\u5c14\u90a3\u4e9b\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8c4c\u8c46\u3001\u7389\u7c73\u548c\u725b\u7684\u989c\u8272\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u667a\u529b\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/ec8cb1f826cffc57\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u9ad8\u5c14\u987f-\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587-\u5a01\u6cbb\u4f0d\u5fb7\u5bb6\u65cf\u8c31\u7cfb\u56fe\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u79fb\u6c11\u52a8\u8361\u548c\u5185\u6218\u540e\u91cd\u5efa\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u79cd\u65cf\u51b2\u7a81\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u3002\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3001\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u548c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff08progressives\uff09\u201d\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u6697\u85cf\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u6050\u60e7\u548c\u9636\u7ea7\u504f\u89c1\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u7f8e\u597d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u613f\u671b\u878d\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u9ad8\u5c14\u987f\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u91cd\u65b0\u5851\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u538b\u8feb\u6027\u7684\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u56fe\uff1a\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u751f\u7269\u7279\u5f81\u4e0a\u7684\u540c\u7c7b\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u538b\u5012\u6027\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\u5360\u6ee1\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u7403\uff0c\u5c11\u7ed9\u4e43\u81f3\u4e0d\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u79cd\u7559\u4e0b\u751f\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u4f18\u7b49\u79cd\u65cf\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8981\u9ad8\u5927\u3001\u5f3a\u58ee\u548c\u624d\u534e\u6a2a\u6ea2\uff0c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u66f4\u6e34\u671b\u91d1\u53d1\u78a7\u773c\u7684\u5317\u6b27\u4eba\u79cd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u624d\u5408\u9002\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u7403\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u9700\u8981\u51cf\u5c11\u81ea\u7531\u9ed1\u4eba\u3001\u4e9a\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u52b3\u5de5\u3001\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u88d4\u3001\u4e1c\u6b27\u4eba\u3001\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3001\u9ed1\u53d1\u5c71\u5730\u4eba\u79cd\u3001\u7a77\u4eba\u548c\u4f53\u5f31\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u79cd\u65cf\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u9057\u4f20\u7cfb\uff08gentrified genetic lines\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u79cd\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u51cf\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/376352bc8747e434\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5ba3\u4f20\u753b\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8c37\u6b4c\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u600e\u4e48\u51cf\u5c11\u5462\uff1f\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc6\u522b\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u201d\u5bb6\u65cf\u8c31\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u7ec8\u751f\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u548c\u7edd\u80b2\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4ee5\u6d88\u706d\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8840\u7edf\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u706d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f31\u5c0f\u52a3\u7b49\uff08\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u201d\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u6d88\u706d10%\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u53ea\u5269\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u5df1\u4eba\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5361\u5185\u57fa\u652f\u6301\u76841911\u5e74\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u80b2\u79cd\u534f\u4f1a\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5173\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6c47\u62a5\u6e05\u9664\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u7f3a\u9677\u6027\u751f\u6b96\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff08Preliminary Report of the Committee of the Eugenic Section of the American Breeder\u2019s Association to Study and to Reporton the Best Practical Means for Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the Human Population\uff09\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e8618\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u516b\u6761\u662f\u5b9e\u65bd\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u706d\u7edd\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u201c\u81f4\u6b7b\u5ba4\u201d\uff08lethal chamber\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u5404\u5730\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6bd2\u6c14\u5ba4\u3002 1918\u5e74\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u62c5\u4efb\u9646\u519b\u6027\u75c5\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u6ce2\u666e\u8bfa\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u300a\u5e94\u7528\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u300b\uff08Applied Eugenics\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5904\u51b3\u2026\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u6301\u79cd\u65cf\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u4f4e\u4f30\u3002\u201d\u300a\u5e94\u7528\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u300b\u8fd8\u4e13\u95e8\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7ae0\u201c\u81f4\u547d\u9009\u62e9\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5229\u7279\u5f81\u6467\u6bc1\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6781\u5ea6\u5bd2\u51b7\u3001\u7ec6\u83cc\u611f\u67d3\u6216\u8eab\u4f53\u7f3a\u9677\uff08bodily deficiency\uff09\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/df6e5c97c3fbae1f\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6bd2\u6c14\u5ba4\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u4f18\u751f\u80b2\u79cd\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5c1a\u672a\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u5b9e\u65bd\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u706d\u7edd\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u9662\u548c\u533b\u751f\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u81ea\u521b\u7684\u533b\u7597\u706d\u7edd\u548c\u88ab\u52a8\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4f0a\u5229\u8bfa\u4f0a\u5dde\u6797\u80af\u5e02\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u9662\u7ed9\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u5582\u98df\u60a3\u6709\u7ed3\u6838\u75c5\u7684\u5976\u725b\u6240\u4ea7\u7684\u725b\u5976\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5f3a\u58ee\u4e2a\u4f53\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6b64\u514d\u75ab\u3002\u6797\u80af\u5e02\u7684\u5e74\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a30\uff05\u81f340\uff05\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u539f\u6587\u5982\u6b64Thirty to forty percent annual death rates resulted at Lincoln\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u533b\u751f\u4f1a\u5bf9\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u91c7\u53d6\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u706d\u7edd\u3002\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u9662\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u533b\u751f\u5219\u5bf9\u75c5\u4eba\u91c7\u53d6\u4f1a\u81f4\u6b7b\u7684\u6545\u610f\u5ffd\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u706d\u7edd\u88ab\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\uff0c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u5f3a\u8feb\u9694\u79bb\u548c\u5f3a\u5236\u7edd\u80b2\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u9650\u5236\u3002\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u5f53\u65f6\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u5e26\u5934\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7edd\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8d70\u6b63\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4f18\u751f\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u5934\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u7edd\u80b2\u4e869,782\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u5973\u6027\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u88ab\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u201c\u574f\u5973\u5b69\u201d\uff0c\u88ab\u5224\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u592a\u8fc7\u70ed\u60c5\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6027\u6b32\u8fc7\u5ea6\u201d\u6216\u201c\u653e\u7eb5\u6027\u6b32\u201d\u3002\u5728\u7d22\u8bfa\u739b\uff08Sonoma\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u56e0\u4e3a\u88ab\u5224\u5b9a\u4e3a\u9634\u8482\u6216\u9634\u5507\u8fc7\u5927\u800c\u88ab\u7edd\u80b2\u3002\u4ec5\u57281933\u5e74\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u81f3\u5c11\u8fdb\u884c\u4e861,278\u6b21\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7edd\u80b2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d700\u6b21\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u3002\u8be5\u5dde\u57281933\u5e74\u6392\u540d\u524d\u4e24\u4f4d\u7684\u7edd\u80b2\u5de5\u5382\u5206\u522b\u662f\u7d22\u8bfa\u739b\u5dde\u7acb\u533b\u9662\uff08Sonoma State Home\uff09\uff08388\u6b21\u624b\u672f\uff09\u548c\u5df4\u987f\u5dde\u7acb\u533b\u9662\uff08Patton State Hospital\uff09\uff08363\u6b21\u624b\u672f\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7edd\u80b2\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4f4d\u4e8e\u963f\u683c\u7ebd\uff08Agnews\uff09\u3001\u95e8\u591a\u897f\u8bfa\uff08Mendocino\uff09\u3001\u7eb3\u5e15\uff08Napa\uff09\u3001\u8bfa\u74e6\u514b\uff08Norwalk\uff09\u3001\u65af\u6258\u514b\u987f\uff08Stockton\uff09\u548c\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff08Pacific Colony\uff09\u7b49\u5730\u7684\u5dde\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u751a\u81f3\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5728\u51761927\u5e74\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5965\u5229\u5f17\u2022\u6e29\u5fb7\u5c14\u2022\u970d\u5c14\u59c6\u65af\uff08Oliver Wendell Holmes\uff09\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5bf9\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u90a3\u4e9b\u5815\u843d\u7684\u4eba\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u56e0\u4e3a\u611a\u8822\u800c\u6328\u997f\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u90a3\u4e9b\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u7e41\u884d\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba&#8230;&#8230;\u611a\u8822\u7684\u4eba\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e09\u4ee3\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u6d2a\u6c34\u7684\u95f8\u95e8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u5343\u4eba\u88ab\u5f3a\u5236\u7edd\u80b2\u6216\u4ee5\u975e\u4eba\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u906d\u5230\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5728\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u970d\u5c14\u59c6\u65af\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/30969e390ef0b1ba\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u622a\u6b62\u81f31935\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7edd\u80b2\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u53ca\u5404\u5dde\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u7edd\u80b2\u624b\u672f\u6570\u76ee\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u5171\u5e7f\u64ad\u516c\u53f8\u7f51\u7ad9\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u624e\u6839\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u8fd0\u52a8\u4fbf\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u5dde\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u88ab\u6beb\u4e0d\u900a\u8272\u5730\u88ab\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7edd\u80b2\u7684\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f20\u64ad\u7ed9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u533b\u5b66\u5316\u5c06\u5176\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5305\u88f9\u5728\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u4f2a\u79d1\u5b66\u5916\u8863\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u901a\u8fc7\u58f0\u79f0\u79d1\u5b66\u5c31\u7ad9\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u800c\u4ece\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u4e2d\u62db\u52df\u5230\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4ec7\u6068\u6e90\u4e8e\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4e8e1924\u5e74\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5927\u7eb2\u5374\u6e90\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>20\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5361\u5185\u57fa\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u57281924\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u6211\u7684\u594b\u6597\u300b\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u516c\u5f00\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7684\u900f\u5f7b\u4e86\u89e3\u3002 \u201c\u4eca\u5929\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u201d\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u5176\u5bf9\u4e8e\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u66f4\u597d\u6784\u60f3\u7684\u4e9b\u8bb8\u8fdb\u6b65\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u6211\u4eec\u6a21\u8303\u7684\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u81ea\u8c6a\u5730\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7d27\u5bc6\u5173\u6ce8\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f18\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u3002\u201c\u6211\u5e26\u7740\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u544a\u8bc9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u540c\u515a\uff0c\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bb8\u591a\u5dde\u5173\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u7fa4\u7e41\u6b96\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u6216\u8005\u4f1a\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u79cd\u65cf\u9020\u6210\u635f\u5bb3\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/8b0a9f34931ced46\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u300a\u6211\u7684\u594b\u6597\u300b\u5bfc\u8a00\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4ea8\u5229\u2022\u798f\u7279\u6240\u8457\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u81f4\u656c\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1awww.sttpml.org\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u751a\u81f3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7c89\u4e1d\uff0c\u7ed9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f18\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u2022\u683c\u5170\u7279\uff08Madison Grant\uff09\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\uff0c\u79f0\u4ed6\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u4f1f\u5927\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u6d88\u4ea1\u300b\uff08The Passing of the Great Race\uff09\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u5723\u7ecf\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/9b02d285f0926c5e\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u2022\u683c\u5170\u7279\uff081865-1937\uff0c\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/e77151eec232c684\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u300a\u4f1f\u5927\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u6d88\u4ea1\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u914d\u56fe\uff081916\u5e74\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u79cd\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\uff0c\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5bf9\u66f4\u597d\u79cd\u65cf\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u573a\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u652f\u914d\u79cd\u65cf\u201d\uff08Master Race\uff09\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6240\u7528\u7684\u201c\u5317\u6b27\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u88ab\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5fb7\u56fd\u201d\u6216\u201c\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u201d\u3002\u79cd\u65cf\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u7eaf\u6d01\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u7edf\u6cbb\u6210\u4e3a\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5c06\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u8c01\u5c06\u906d\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u3001\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6d3b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06\u5982\u4f55\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u533b\u751f\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u4f4e\u7b49\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u9690\u5f62\u7684\u5c06\u519b\u3002\u533b\u751f\u4eec\u5c06\u521b\u9020\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f18\u751f\u914d\u65b9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4eb2\u81ea\u6311\u9009\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u7edd\u80b2\u3001\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u548c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u706d\u7edd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5c81\u6708\u91cc\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f88\u63a8\u5d07\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u770b\u4f5c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u6700\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u52a0\u5dde\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u91cd\u65b0\u51fa\u7248\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u704c\u8f93\u7ed9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u5b89\u6392\u4e86\u7eb3\u7cb9\u79d1\u5b66\u5c55\u89c8\uff0c\u4f8b\u59821934\u5e748\u6708\u5728\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u53bf\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u534f\u4f1a\uff08American Public Health Association\uff09\u5e74\u4f1a\u800c\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5c55\u89c8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1934\u5e74\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u7edd\u80b2\u901f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u6bcf\u67085,000\u6b21\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6b4c\u5fb7\uff08C.M. Goethe\uff09\u521a\u4ece\u5fb7\u56fd\u56de\u6765\u5c31\u70ed\u60c5\u6d0b\u6ea2\u5730\u5411\u4e00\u4f4d\u5173\u952e\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u5439\u5618\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u4f1a\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u5851\u9020\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u90a3\u7fa4\u77e5\u8bc6\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0a\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6211\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u80fd\u611f\u53d7\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u523a\u6fc0\u2026\u6211\u4eb2\u7231\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u5728\u6709\u751f\u4e4b\u5e74\u90fd\u62b1\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u8fd9\u79cd\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f60\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cbb\u7406\u516d\u5343\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u7edd\u80b2\u6cd5\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u897f\u90e8\u5dde\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u2022\u5fb7\u7ea6\u5185\u7279\uff08Joseph DeJarnette\uff09\u5728\u300a\u91cc\u58eb\u6ee1\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u4e0a\u5199\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u79d1\u5b66\u6784\u60f3\uff0c\u8fd8\u8d44\u52a9\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u673a\u6784\u3002\u622a\u6b62\u52301926\u5e74\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u5411\u6570\u767e\u540d\u5fb7\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6350\u8d60\u4e86\u7ea641\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143 \uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e21\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684400\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u30021926\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u5411\u5a01\u5ec9\u7687\u5e1d\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08German Psychiatric Institute of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute\uff09\u6350\u8d60\u4e8625\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u6784\u6210\u4e3a\u5a01\u5ec9\u7687\u5e1d\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Psychiatry\uff09\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u4e13\u5bb6\u5305\u62ec\u6069\u65af\u7279\u2022\u5415\u4e01\uff08Ernst R\u00fcdin\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e86\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5b9e\u65bd\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u533b\u7597\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\u548c\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/bff0adc4f3df9124\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u5bb6\u65cf\u8c31\u7cfb\u56fe\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1arockarch.org\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5a01\u5ec9\u7687\u5e1d\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u8111\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Institute for Brain Research\uff09\u3002\u81ea1915\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u623f\u95f4\u5185\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u5f53\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u57281929\u5e74\u5230\u8fbe\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u300231.7\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u8d60\u6b3e\u4f7f\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u80fd\u591f\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e00\u5ea7\u65b0\u7684\u5927\u697c\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u79cd\u65cf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8fd8\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u5185\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u989d\u5916\u62e8\u6b3e\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\u53c8\u662f\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u6069\u65af\u7279\u2022\u5415\u4e01\u3002\u5415\u4e01\u7684\u673a\u6784\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3001\u5409\u666e\u8d5b\u4eba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u8c0b\u6740\u6027\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u5bfc\u8005\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/6d859eb58726a71d\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u6069\u65af\u7279\u2022\u5415\u4e01\uff081874-1952\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u4ece1940\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u5728\u8001\u5e74\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u9662\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u76d1\u62a4\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e2d\u88ab\u641c\u6355\u5230\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u88ab\u65bd\u4ee5\u6bd2\u6c14\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u6740\u6b7b\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u57285\u4e07\u81f310\u4e07\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u79d8\u4e66\u83b1\u6602\u2022\u60e0\u7279\u5c3c\uff08Leon Whitney\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u8bc4\u8bba\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6084\u6084\u884c\u4e8b\u7684\u65f6\u5019&#8230;&#8230;\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u76f4\u8a00\u4e0d\u8bb3\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u662f\u67cf\u6797\u5a01\u5ec9\u7687\u5e1d\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u548c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics in Berlin\uff09\u3002\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u6e34\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u53cc\u80de\u80ce\u6765\u6df1\u5316\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd9\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u73b0\u5728\u51c6\u5907\u628a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63a8\u8fdb\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u30021932\u5e745\u670813\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u7684\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u5411\u5176\u5df4\u9ece\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u62a5\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u516d\u6708\u4f1a\u8bae9\u5343\u7f8e\u5143\u52063\u5e74\u7ed9\u5a01\u5ec9\u7687\u5e1d\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u53cc\u80de\u80ce\u548c\u6709\u6bd2\u7269\u8d28\u5bf9\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u751f\u6b96\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/pica.zhimg.com\/v2-d8c34f5f5d18516f4640eda322bb0f0e_1440w.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\uff08\u94ed\u6587\uff1a\u201c\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a1913\uff1a\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u798f\u7949\u201d\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u82f1\u96c4\u4eba\u7269\u5965\u7279\u739b\u2022\u5f17\u96f7\u8d6b\u5c14\u2022\u51af\u2022\u97e6\u65af\u695a\u5c14\uff08Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer\uff09\u62c5\u4efb\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u548c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u97e6\u65af\u695a\u5c14\u4efb\u804c\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u5bf9\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u65e2\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u5165\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u95f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u5165\u7684\u30021935\u5e74\uff0c\u97e6\u65af\u695a\u5c14\u79bb\u5f00\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5a92\u4f53\u4e2d\u5907\u53d7\u63a8\u5d07\u3002\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u6cd5\u4ee4\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u53cc\u80de\u80ce\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\u5448\u7206\u70b8\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\u3002\u97e6\u65af\u695a\u5c14\u5728\u4ed6\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u671f\u520a\u300aDer Erbarzt\u300b\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u89e3\u51b3\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5168\u9762\u65b9\u6848\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/09d5f53befaf9b60\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u5965\u7279\u739b\u2022\u5f17\u96f7\u8d6b\u5c14\u2022\u51af\u2022\u97e6\u65af\u695a\u5c14\uff081896-1969\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u97e6\u65af\u695a\u5c14\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u957f\u671f\u52a9\u7406\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u536b\u961f\u519b\u5b98\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u2022\u95e8\u683c\u52d2\uff08Josef Mengele\uff09\u30021943\u5e745\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u95e8\u683c\u52d2\u62b5\u8fbe\u5965\u65af\u7ef4\u8f9b\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u3002\u97e6\u65af\u695a\u5c14\u901a\u77e5\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u534f\u4f1a\uff08German Research Society\uff09\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u7684\u52a9\u624b\uff0c\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u2022\u95e8\u683c\u52d2\u535a\u58eb\uff08\u533b\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff09\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u6211\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u3002\u4ed6\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u5965\u65af\u5a01\u8f9b\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u62c5\u4efb\u4e3b\u7ba1\u548c\u8425\u5730\u533b\u5e08\u3002\u5728\u515a\u536b\u961f\u5168\u56fd\u9886\u8896\u5e0c\u59c6\u83b1\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5bf9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u5185\u6700\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u95e8\u683c\u52d2\u5f00\u59cb\u4ece\u62b5\u8fbe\u7684\u706b\u8f66\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u53cc\u80de\u80ce\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u627e\u5230\u53cc\u80de\u80ce\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u8fdb\u884c\u91ce\u517d\u822c\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e00\u4e1d\u4e0d\u82df\u5730\u64b0\u5199\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u62a5\u544a\u9001\u56de\u97e6\u65af\u695a\u5c14\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u5c38\u4f53\u3001\u773c\u775b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8eab\u4f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u9001\u56de\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/pic1.zhimg.com\/v2-23893647c65fc75d211ac201a44c8e62_1440w.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u63a5\u53d7\u95e8\u683c\u52d2\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u53cc\u80de\u80ce\u4eec\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aowlspace-ccm.rice.edu\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8463\u4e8b\u4eec\u5bf9\u95e8\u683c\u52d2\u6beb\u4e0d\u77e5\u6653\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5c11\u6570\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u57281939\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u5728\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5360\u9886\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u9ab0\u5b50\u5df2\u7ecf\u63b7\u4e0b\u3002\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u548c\u5361\u5185\u57fa\u6240\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u624d\u534e\u6a2a\u6ea2\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e2e\u52a9\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u52bf\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/picx.zhimg.com\/v2-40c4fb0443a30150b5d68ee0559bce19_1440w.jpg\" 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