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src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/591595de7095615a\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5f00\u5c01\u5f15\u7206\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u6ce8\u5ea6\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u620f\u5267\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u90a3\u662f2005\u5e745\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u8bc4\u8bba\u7248\u4e0a\u7834\u5929\u8352\u5730\u5370\u4e8613\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\uff0c\u201c\u4ece\u5f00\u5c01\u5230\u7ebd\u7ea6\u2014\u2014\u8f89\u714c\u5982\u8fc7\u773c\u70df\u4e91\u201d\uff08From Kaifeng to New York, glory is as ephemeral as smoke and clouds\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5927\u540d\u9f0e\u9f0e\u7684\u4e13\u680f\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7eaa\u601d\u9053\uff08Nicholas D. Kristof\uff09\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u526f\u9898\uff0c\u4e3b\u9898\u662fChina\uff0cthe World\u2019s Capital\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u90fd\uff09\u3002\u4e13\u680f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u516c\u5143\u524d2000\u5e74\u65f6\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u662f\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u7684\u4e4c\u5c14\uff08Ur\uff09\uff0c\u516c\u5143\u524d 1500\u5e74\u65f6\u662f\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u5e95\u6bd4\u65af\uff08Thebes\uff09\uff0c\u516c\u5143\u524d1000\u5e74\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u96c4\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u63d0\u5230\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u7684\u897f\u987f\uff08Sidon\uff09\uff1b\u7136\u540e\u662f\u516c\u5143\u524d500\u5e74\u65f6\u6ce2\u65af\u7684\u6ce2\u65af\u6ce2\u5229\u65af\uff08Persepolis\uff09\uff0c\u516c\u5143\u5143\u5e74\u65f6\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\uff08Rome\uff09\uff0c\u516c\u5143500\u5e74\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u957f\u5b89\uff0c\u516c\u5143 1000\u5e74\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f00\u5c01\uff0c\u516c\u51431500\u5e74\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\uff0c\u516c\u51432000\u5e74\u5219\u662f\u7ebd\u7ea6\u3002\u201c\u5230\u4e86\u516c\u51432500 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interest\uff09\u4e4b\u76db\u800c\u662f\u72ed\u9698\u5229\u76ca\uff08narrow interest\uff09\u4e4b\u76db\uff08\u5965\u5c14\u68ee\uff0c1993\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u5236\u5ea6(inclusive)\u4e4b\u76db\u800c\u662f\u6c72\u53d6\u6027\u5236\u5ea6(extractive)\u4e4b\u76db\uff08D.Acemoglu\u548cJ.Robinson\uff0c2014\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7e41\u76db\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u957f\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/cc897b1d490c65ac\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u9648\u660c\u8fdc\u6559\u6388\u65e9\u57281959\u5e74\u300a\u53f2\u5b66\u6708\u520a\u300b5\u6708\u53f7\u300a\u5317\u5b8b\u65f6\u671f\u5f00\u5c01\u57ce\u5e02\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u5c31\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5f00\u5c01\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7e41\u8363\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u4e09\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e00\uff0c 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