{"id":61126,"date":"2025-11-23T17:24:04","date_gmt":"2025-11-23T09:24:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=61126"},"modified":"2025-11-23T17:24:04","modified_gmt":"2025-11-23T09:24:04","slug":"%e9%b8%a6%e7%89%87%e4%b9%8b%e5%9f%8e-%e6%b3%a2%e5%a3%ab%e9%a1%bf%e8%b4%a2%e5%af%8c%e6%ba%af%e6%ba%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=61126","title":{"rendered":"\u9e26\u7247\u4e4b\u57ce: \u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u8d22\u5bcc\u6eaf\u6e90"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6765\u6e90: \u98ce\u4e91\u4e4b\u58f0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u4f5c\u8005: CHS<\/p>\n<p>19\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6240\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ebb\u7701\u9996\u5e9c\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u7684\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u516c\u53f8\uff08Perkins &amp; Co.\uff09\u6240\u5360\u7684\u4efd\u989d\u6700\u5927\u3002\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u516c\u53f8\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8425\u6536\u548c\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b83\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u51e0\u5bb6\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u516c\u53f8\uff08\u5982\u65d7\u660c\u6d0b\u884c\uff09\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u6447\u8eab\u53d8\u4e3a\u767e\u4e07\u5bcc\u7fc1\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u2014\u2014\u5373\u201c\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9e26\u7247\u5bb6\u65cf\u901a\u8fc7\u6177\u6168\u7684\u6350\u8d60\u76f4\u63a5\u8d44\u52a9\u4e86\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u666e\u5229\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u7b49\u7f8e\u56fd\u540d\u6821\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ebb\u7701\u603b\u533b\u9662\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u533b\u9662\uff09\u3001\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3001\u90a6\u514b\u5c71\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u7b49\u516c\u4f17\u673a\u6784\u548c\u5e02\u653f\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u4ece\u5305\u62ec\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5bf9\u534e\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u5219\u4e3a\u9ebb\u7701\u7684\u8b66\u5bdf\u548c\u6d88\u9632\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u9053\u8def\u3001\u6865\u6881\u3001\u6cd5\u9662\u548c\u5b66\u6821\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u201c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u94b1\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002\u201d\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u8fd8\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u6295\u5165\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u904d\u5e03\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u84b8\u6c7d\u8f6e\u8239\u3001\u77ff\u5c71\u3001\u548c\u94c1\u8def\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u201c19\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5341\u5206\u5f3a\u52b2\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u9e26\u7247\u6362\u53d6\u8336\u53f6\u6765\u501f\u529b\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9e26\u7247\u8d29\u5b50\u5bf9\u9e26\u7247\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u00b7\u5fb7\u62c9\u8bfa\u00b7\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u7684\u5916\u7956\u7236\u6c83\u4f26\u00b7\u5fb7\u62c9\u8bfa\u5bc4\u56de\u5bb6\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u660e\u767d\u5730\u770b\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5047\u88c5\u4ece\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u6148\u5584\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u4e3a\u7ecf\u8425\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u800c\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u3001\u5149\u5f69\u7684\u3001\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u8d38\u6613\uff1b\u6700\u5dee\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u6bd4\u5356\u9152\u627f\u53d7\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img2.baidu.com\/it\/u=2937902273,368090908&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=138&amp;f=BMP?w=1000&amp;h=421\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u9ebb\u7701\u603b\u533b\u9662\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u548c\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u76f2\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\uff08\u53f3\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u5171\u5e7f\u64ad\u7535\u53f0(NPR)\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u65b0\u95fb\u53f0(WBUR)\u4e8e2017\u5e747\u670831\u65e5\u53d1\u8868\u3002\u539f\u6587\u6807\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u9e26\u7247\u5229\u6da6\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u4e8619\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u300b\uff08How Profits From Opium Shaped 19th-Century Boston\uff09\u00a0[1]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1826\u5e741\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u6ee1\u5934\u767d\u53d1\u3001\u4e3e\u6b62\u6587\u96c5\u7684\u7ec5\u58eb\u5750\u5230\u4e86\u684c\u540e\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u5bcc\u4e3d\u5802\u7687\u7684\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u8054\u6392\u522b\u5885\u91cc\uff0c\u4ea6\u6216\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u83b1\u6069(Brookline)\u7684\u5e84\u56ed\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd140\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u6c49\u5fb7\u8d5b\u5fb7\u00b7\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\uff08Thomas Handasyd Perkins\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u5927\u4ea8\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5192\u9669\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u53e3\u8d27\u7269\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u73b0\u5728\u6216\u8bb8\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d70\u5f97\u592a\u8fdc\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u7684\u5916\u7525\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u4f19\u4f34\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u5c01\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u65e2\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u6b49\u610f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u8b66\u544a\uff1a\u8d85\u8fc715\u4e07\u78c5\u7684\u571f\u8033\u5176\u9e26\u7247\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u5f80\u5e7f\u5dde\u7684\u9014\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u9e26\u7247\uff0c\u8d70\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u62c5\u8d77\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u201d65\u5c81\u7684\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u5728\u5199\u7ed939\u5c81\u7684\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u00b7\u5e93\u5174\uff08\u00a0John Perkins Cushing\uff09\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8bf4\u5230\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u597d\u6269\u5f20\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\uff1b\u2026\u2026\u6211\u611f\u5230\u62b1\u6b49\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u6625\u5929\u8fd0\u51fa\u7684\u9e26\u7247\u6570\u91cf\u5c06\u4f1a\u8fdc\u8d85\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u9884\u671f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u00b7\u5e93\u5174\uff0c1787\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u65e9\u901d\uff0c\u7531\u8205\u8205\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u629a\u517b\u6210\u4eba\u300216\u5c81[1803\u5e74]\u4e58\u8239\u5230\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u72ec\u5bb6\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u6570\u5e74\u540e\u5373\u4f7f\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u7ad9\u7a33\u4e86\u811a\u8ddf\uff0c\u57281810-20\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e3b\u8425\u4e1a\u52a1\u5df2\u662f\u9e26\u7247\u8d70\u79c1\uff0c\u4ece\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4e70\u5165\u9e26\u7247\u5e76\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u5356\u51fa\uff0c\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002\u5e93\u5174\u548c\u5e7f\u5dde\u5341\u4e09\u884c\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u6021\u548c\u884c\u7684\u884c\u4e3b\u4f0d\u79c9\u9274\u79c1\u4ea4\u751a\u539a\u3002\u5e93\u5174\u4e3b\u6301\u4e0b\u7684\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u516c\u53f8\uff08\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u5f53\u5730\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u6d0b\u884c\uff09\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u534e\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u5e93\u5174\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u4e00\u5171\u4f4f\u4e8627\u5e74\uff0c\u00a0\u76f4\u52301830\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed643\u5c81\u65f6\u624d\u8fd4\u56de\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5e76\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6021\u548c\u884c\u4e0e\u6021\u548c\u6d0b\u884c\u662f\u4e24\u5bb6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u6021\u548c\u6d0b\u884c\u662f\u82f1\u8d44\u6d0b\u884c\u548c\u9e26\u7247\u8d70\u79c1\u5546\u3002\u6021\u548c\u884c\u7531\u4f0d\u79c9\u9274\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u4e8e1783\u5e74\u521b\u529e\uff1b\u800c\u6021\u548c\u6d0b\u884c\u539f\u540d\u6e23\u7538\u6d0b\u884c\uff08Jardine Matheson\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1832\u5e74\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u665a\u6210\u7acb\u4e8650\u5e74\u30021842\u5e74\uff08\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff09\uff0c\u6e23\u7538\u6d0b\u884c\u5c06\u603b\u90e8\u4ece\u5e7f\u5dde\u8fc1\u5f80\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u5e76\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u6021\u548c\u6d0b\u884c\uff0c\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9\u6021\u548c\u884c\u7684\u58f0\u671b\u3002\u6021\u548c\u6d0b\u884c\u66fe\u662f\u8fdc\u4e1c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u82f1\u8d44\u8d22\u56e2\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5e74\u8425\u6536\u6709\u6570\u767e\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u548c\u4f26\u6566\u4e24\u5730\u4e0a\u5e02\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u4e1a\u52a1\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7ec4\u6210\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u516c\u53f8\uff08Perkins and Co.\u00a0\uff09\u7684\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5e74\u957f\u7cbe\u660e\u7684\u5546\u4eba\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u6307\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\uff09\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u90a3\u7fa4\u4eb2\u621a\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u591f\u5e94\u4ed8\u4ed6\u5bf9\u9e26\u7247\u751f\u610f\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u72c2\u70ed\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8017\u8d39\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u7cbe\u5fc3\u6253\u9020\u7684\u8d70\u79c1\u7ecf\u8425\uff0c\u4e3a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5927\u5b97\u5546\u54c1\u2014\u2014\u9e26\u7247\u3002\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u9996\u6279\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u8bbe\u7acb\u5e38\u9a7b\u8d38\u6613\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb6\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u4f1a\u6d3e\u4eba\u5168\u5e74\u5e38\u9a7b\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u9e26\u7247\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u5927\u5316\u2014\u2014\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9e26\u7247\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5408\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5374\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u516c\u53f8\u804c\u5458\u5c06\u88c5\u6ee1\u4e86\u5357\u74dc\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u9e26\u7247\u7403\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe\uff09\u7684\u7bb1\u5b50\u653e\u5728\u79bb\u5cb8\u505c\u6cca\u7684\u8239\u4e0a\uff0c\u597d\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u63a7\u5236\u9e26\u7247\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u548c\u4ef7\u683c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u8d70\u79c1\u8005\u53d1\u5c55\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e70\u901a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e58\u5750\u62e5\u6709\u6570\u5341\u540d\u6d46\u624b\u7684\u8239\u53ea\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9047\u5230\u5de1\u89c6\u5458\u65f6\u80fd\u75be\u9a70\u800c\u9003\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6f5c\u5165\u6d77\u5cb8\uff0c\u628a\u9e26\u7247\u9001\u5230\u5b98\u65b9\u6e2f\u53e3\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/60e2b221aa3753da\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img1.baidu.com\/it\/u=1392421277,275931467&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=138&amp;f=JPEG?w=500&amp;h=500\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5370\u5ea6\u5df4\u7279\u90a3\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u9e26\u7247\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u5e72\u71e5\u5ba4\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u548c\u5806\u653e\u5ba4\uff08\u53f3\uff09\uff0c\u7403\u72b6\u7269\u5373\u4e3a\u9e26\u7247\u7403\u00a0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u51fa\u53e3\u9e26\u7247\u7684\u901a\u7528\u5305\u88c5\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\u8d70\u79c1\u7684\u571f\u8033\u5176\u9e26\u7247\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u5305\u88c5\u7684\u3002\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aWellcome Image\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4e00\u6b21\u6b21\u5730\u5e26\u6765\u56de\u62a5\u30021827\u5e741\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u5199\u5b8c\u81f4\u6b49\u4fe1\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5750\u56de\u5230\u529e\u516c\u684c\u524d\uff0c\u53c8\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u5916\u7525\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u8bed\u8c03\u90fd\u5feb\u5fd8\u4e4e\u6240\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u544a\u8bc9\u5e93\u5174\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5199\u8fc7\u5e76\u60f3\u8fc7\u5f88\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u9e26\u7247\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e00\u8fdb\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u50cf\u670d\u4e86\u9e26\u7247\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img1.baidu.com\/it\/u=2159664913,1579449502&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=138&amp;f=BMP?w=500&amp;h=799\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u8096\u50cf\uff0c\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u8428\u5229\uff08Thomas Sully\uff09\u753b\uff08\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u662f\u7531\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u5bb6\u65cf\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u5458\u5236\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u8d26\u611f\u5230\u9ad8\u5174\u30021826\u5e74\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u597d\u5e74\u5934\u3002\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8fc7100\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4eca\u5929\u76842,500\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd90%\u7684\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6240\u5360\u768410%\u4e2d\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6240\u5360\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u540e\u6765\u5927\u5e45\u4e0a\u5347\uff09\uff0c\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u54e5\u54e5\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\uff08James Perkins\uff09\u6240\u5360\u7684\u4efd\u989d\u6700\u5927\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u81f3\u5c11\u62e5\u6709\u4e03\u8258\u8239\uff0c\u5e76\u63e1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\uff08\u8239\u7684\uff09\u80a1\u4efd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8239\u4ece\u9ebb\u7701\u6d77\u5cb8\u9a76\u5411\u571f\u8033\u5176\u58eb\u9ea6\u90a3\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u4eca\u4f0a\u5179\u5bc6\u5c14\uff0c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u6e2f\u53e3\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u571f\u8033\u5176\u7f42\u7c9f\u79cd\u690d\u9762\u79ef\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u8d2d\u4e70\u9e26\u7247\uff1b\u7136\u540e\u4ece\u571f\u8033\u5176\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u51fa\u552e\u9e26\u7247\uff1b\u6700\u540e\u6ee1\u8f7d\u7740\u8336\u53f6\u3001\u74f7\u5668\u548c\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd4\u56de\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\uff08Penn State University\uff09\u4e00\u4f4d\u4ece\u4e8b\u7f8e\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6559\u6388\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u7f57\u6770\u65af\u00b7\u54c8\u8fbe\u5fb7\uff08John Rogers Haddad\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5149\u662f\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7531\u59fb\u4eb2\u3001\u4f84\u7525\u3001\u5802\u8868\u4eb2\u5173\u7cfb\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u8fd9\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8425\u6536\u548c\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u201d\u54c8\u8fbe\u5fb7\u8bf4\u3002\u201c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u6447\u8eab\u53d8\u4e3a\u767e\u4e07\u5bcc\u7fc1\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img2.baidu.com\/it\/u=961882096,867169123&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=138&amp;f=BMP?w=499&amp;h=288\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1837\u5e74\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u57ce\u5e02\u5730\u56fe\uff0c\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u65af\u5ef7\u666e\u68ee\uff08Charles Stimpson\uff09\u5236\uff08\u5b89\u89d2\u535a\u7269\u9986\u56fe\u4e66\u4e0e\u6863\u6848\u5904\u63d0\u4f9b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u9760\u8d29\u5356\u9e26\u7247\u53d1\u5bb6\u81f4\u5bcc\u3002\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u7ade\u4e89\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u53c8\u5341\u5206\u52a8\u8361\u3002\u4f46\u4e3a\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u51e0\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u5219\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\uff08Boston Brahmins\uff09\u3002\u5361\u4f2f\u7279\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08The Cabots\uff09\u3001\u5e93\u5174\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08The Cushings\uff09\u3001\u97e6\u5c14\u5fb7\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08The Welds\uff09\u3001\u5fb7\u62c9\u8bfa\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08The\u00a0Delanos\u2014\u2014\u5373\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u00b7\u5fb7\u62c9\u8bfa\u00b7\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u7684\u7956\u8f88\uff09\u548c\u798f\u5e03\u65af\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08The Forbes\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u9760\u7740\u9e26\u7247\u8dfb\u8eab\u8c6a\u95e8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u00b7\u5fb7\u62c9\u8bfa\u00b7\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u7684\u5916\u7956\u7236\u6c83\u4f26\u00b7\u5fb7\u62c9\u8bfa\uff08Warren Delano\uff09\u5728\u5bc4\u56de\u5bb6\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5047\u88c5\u4ece\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u6148\u5584\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u4e3a\u7ecf\u8425\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u800c\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u3001\u5149\u5f69\u7684\u3001\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u8d38\u6613\uff1b\u6700\u5dee\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u6bd4\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7b49\u5730\u8f93\u5165\u8461\u8404\u9152\u3001\u767d\u5170\u5730\u548c\u70c8\u9152\u627f\u53d7\u66f4\u6df1\u66f4\u91cd\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u201d\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u5361\u4f2f\u7279\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08The Cabots\uff09\u3001\u5e93\u5174\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08The Cushings\uff09\u3001\u97e6\u5c14\u5fb7\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08The Welds\uff09\u3001\u5fb7\u62c9\u8bfa\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08The Delanos\uff09\u548c\u798f\u5e03\u65af\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08The Forbes\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u9760\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u53d1\u5bb6\u800c\u8dfb\u8eab\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5bb6\u65cf\u672c\u8eab\u5df2\u662f\u5f53\u5730\u671b\u65cf\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u5bb6\u65cf\u8d22\u5bcc\uff1a\u5982\u6d1b\u5384\u5c14\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08The Lowells\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u4e8b\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u8bfb\u8005\u8bf7\u81ea\u884c\u67e5\u627e\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u548c\u67ef\u514b\u5170\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08The Kirklands\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65af\u7279\u5409\u65af\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08The Sturgis\uff09\uff0c\u4f69\u6069\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08The Paines\uff09\uff0c\u827e\u7565\u7279\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08The Eliots\u00a0\uff09\uff0c\u6e29\u65af\u7f57\u666e\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08The Winthrops\uff09\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u5bf9\u534e\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u5de8\u989d\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u4e00\u4e9b\u58f0\u671b\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e5f\u5377\u5165\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u67ef\u7acb\u829d\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08The Coolidges\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u6770\u5f17\u900a\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u662f\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5730\u533a\u53e4\u8001\u7684\uff08\u65e9\u671f\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u540e\u88d4\uff09\u3001\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u5bb6\u65cf\u6240\u6784\u6210\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u96c4\u539a\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u96c6\u56e2\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u95e8\u7b2c\u89c2\u5ff5\u91cd\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u53bb\u540c\u4e00\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c\u53bb\u540c\u4e00\u5ea7\u6559\u5802\u505a\u793c\u62dc\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u4e92\u76f8\u901a\u5a5a\uff0c\u9760\u8840\u7f18\u3001\u59fb\u4eb2\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u7b49\u5173\u7cfb\u7ec7\u6210\u4e00\u5f20\u7ef5\u5bc6\u7684\u5927\u7f51\uff0c\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u62ff\u6559\u80b2\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u00b7\u5e03\u83b1\u5fb7\u5229\uff08James Bradley\uff092009\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u822a\u884c\uff1a\u5e1d\u56fd\u548c\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u79d8\u53f2\uff08The Imperial Cruise: A Secret History of Empire and War\uff09\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u548c\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u90fd\u5173\u7cfb\u532a\u6d45\uff0c\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u54c8\u4f5b\u6177\u6168\u5730\u6350\u8d60\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u8fd8\u662f\u54c8\u4f5b\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u4e3b\u7ba1\uff0c\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6821\u8463\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6821\u957f\u3002\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u4ece\u54c8\u4f5b\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684\u6bd4\u6bd4\u7686\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u9ab7\u9ac5\u4f1a\uff08\u5c0f\u5e03\u4ec0\u548c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u90fd\u66fe\u662f\u9ab7\u9ac5\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\uff09\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7531\u7f57\u7d20\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08\u65d7\u660c\u6d0b\u884c\u7684\u521b\u529e\u8005\u5373\u6765\u81ea\u7f57\u7d20\u5bb6\u65cf\uff09\u6210\u5458\u521b\u529e\u5e76\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6d1b\u7eaa\u5ff5\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff08Low Memorial Library\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u6821\u56ed\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c1895\u5e74\u7531\u5f53\u65f6\u54e5\u5927\u6821\u957f\u585e\u65af\u00b7\u6d1b\uff08Seth Low\uff09\u6350\u6b3e100\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u4fee\u5efa\u3002\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u6821\u957f\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u963f\u6bd4\u5c14\u00b7\u963f\u535a\u7279\u00b7\u6d1b\uff08Abiel Abbot Low\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u963f\u6bd4\u5c14\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u53d4\u53d4\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u6d1b\uff08William Henry Low\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u65d7\u660c\u6d0b\u884c\uff08Russell &amp; Company\uff09\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\uff0c\u9760\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d29\u5356\u9e26\u7247\u53d1\u4e86\u5927\u8d22\u3002\u65d7\u660c\u6d0b\u884c\u7531\u6765\u81ea\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u00b7\u7f57\u7d20\uff08Samuel\u00a0 Russell\uff09\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u00a0\u5728\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u548c\u5e7f\u5dde\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u9e26\u7247\u662f\u5176\u4e3b\u8425\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6350\u8d60\u8005\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u514b\u5229\u592b\u00b7\u683c\u6797\uff08John Cleve Green\uff0c\u65d7\u660c\u6d0b\u884c\u7684\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\uff0c\u9760\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u53d1\u4e86\u5927\u8d22\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u6350\u7684\u94b1\u4e5f\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u7684\u7406\u5b66\u9662\u5373\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u683c\u6797\u8fd8\u5411\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u7ef4\u5c14\u5b66\u9662\uff08Lawrenceville School\uff09\u6350\u8d60\u8fc7\u5de8\u6b3e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u9057\u5631\u53d7\u76ca\u65b9\u5305\u62ec\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5730\u533a\u7684\u533b\u9662\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u5e74\u6211\u56fd\u53bb\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u5730\u533a\u548c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5dde\u8bfb\u4e66\uff08\u5982\u5404\u5927\u85e4\u6821\uff09\u7684\u5b66\u5b50\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u6709\u5fc3\u8005\u53ef\u7559\u5fc3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79c1\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5de8\u989d\u6350\u8d60\u8005\uff0c\u6821\u5185\u5404\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d\u8005\u7684\u53d1\u5bb6\u53f2\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63ed\u793a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e00\u9c9c\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u9ed1\u6697\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u585e\u52d2\u59c6\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\uff08Salem State University\uff09\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6234\u6069\u00b7\u83ab\u91cc\u68ee\uff08Dane Morrison\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u94b1\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u8d62\u5f97\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u6c11\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u5ea7\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u91cc\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u5c45\u6c11\u4e86\u89e3\u9e26\u7247\u94b1\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u9057\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u533b\u9662\u3001\u94c1\u8def\u3001\u5b66\u6821\uff1a\u9e26\u7247\u5229\u6da6\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u4ea7\u7269<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u5728\u725b\u987f\u5e02\uff08Newton\uff09\u6295\u8d44\u5174\u5efa\u4e86\u51e0\u5bb6\u5de5\u5382\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5728\u4f5b\u8499\u7279\u5dde\uff08Vermont\uff09\u529e\u4e86\u4e00\u5bb6\u94a2\u94c1\u5382\uff0c\u5efa\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u94c1\u8def\u2014\u2014\u67d0\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u94c1\u8def\u3002\u94c1\u8def\u4ece\u6606\u897f\u91c7\u77f3\u573a\uff08Quincy Quarry\uff09\u901a\u5f80\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u8fd9\u6761\u94c1\u8def\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u82b1\u5c97\u5ca9\u94c1\u8def\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u6606\u897f\u91c7\u77f3\u573a\u7684\u82b1\u5c97\u5ca9\u8fd0\u5f80\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u7684\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u987f\u533a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fee\u5efa\u90a6\u514b\u5c71\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u548c\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u5b83\u57ce\u5e02\u5efa\u7b51\uff09\u3002\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u7525\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9ed8\u91cc\u00b7\u798f\u5e03\u65af\uff08John Murray Forbes\uff09\u5219\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u9e26\u7247\u5229\u6da6\u6295\u8d44\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u904d\u5e03\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u84b8\u6c7d\u8f6e\u8239\u3001\u77ff\u5c71\u548c\u94c1\u8def\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9ed8\u91cc\u00b7\u798f\u5e03\u65af\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u9ed8\u91cc\u00b7\u798f\u5e03\u65af\uff09\u51fa\u8eab\u798f\u5e03\u65af\u5bb6\u65cf\uff0c\u662f\u65d7\u660c\u6d0b\u884c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u9ed8\u91cc\u00b7\u798f\u5e03\u65af\u7684\u54e5\u54e5\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u8d1d\u5185\u7279\u00b7\u798f\u5e03\u65af\uff08Robert Bennett Forbes\uff09\u57281840\u5e74\u505a\u5230\u65d7\u660c\u6d0b\u884c\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u3002\u00a0\u798f\u5e03\u65af\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u8d22\u5bcc\u4e3b\u8981\u9760\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u83b7\u5f97\u3002\u6021\u548c\u884c\u7684\u884c\u4e3b\u4f0d\u79c9\u9274\u5728\u65d7\u660c\u6d0b\u884c\u6709\u80a1\u4efd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e00\u76f4\u4e3a\u65d7\u660c\u6d0b\u884c\u63d0\u4f9b\u62c5\u4fdd\uff0c\u88ab\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9ed8\u91cc\u00b7\u798f\u5e03\u65af\u79f0\u4e3a\u6559\u7236\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9ed8\u91cc\u00b7\u798f\u5e03\u65af19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u56de\u5230\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u4e3e\u6295\u8d44\u94c1\u8def\u548c\u5730\u4ea7\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u94c1\u8def\u5927\u4ea8\u3002\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u7c73\u5c14\u987f\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9ed8\u91cc\u00a0\u00b7\u798f\u5e03\u65af\u6350\u94b1\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9ed8\u91cc\u00b7\u798f\u5e03\u65af\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9f\u5974\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u30022004\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u9009\u4e2d\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u798f\u5e03\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\uff0c\u5373\u51fa\u8eab\u798f\u5e03\u65af\u5bb6\u65cf\uff0c\u662f\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9ed8\u91cc\u00b7\u798f\u5e03\u65af\u7684\u5f1f\u5f1f\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u5a01\u5c14\u00b7\u798f\u5e03\u65af\uff08Francis Blackwell Forbes\uff09\u7684\u66fe\u5b59\u5973\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/daecd128ac5ae9d7\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u90a6\u514b\u5c71\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u7eaa\u5ff5\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6b64\u5904\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u6218\u5f79\uff0c\u662f\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u8def\uff08Freedom Trail\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u7ebf\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5c11\u666f\u89c2\u90fd\u662f\u9e26\u7247\u94b1\u4fee\u7684\uff09\u201d\u7684\u7ec8\u70b9\u3002\u6b64\u7891\u7684\u4fee\u5efa\u662f\u7531\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u8bae\u5e76\u7b79\u6b3e\uff0c\u6240\u7528\u82b1\u5c97\u5ca9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u6240\u4fee\u5efa\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u94c1\u8def\u8fd0\u6765\u3002\u7891\u9ad867\u7c73\uff0c1827\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5efa\uff0c1843\u5e74\u5b8c\u5de5\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5927\u5174\u571f\u6728\uff0c\u6269\u5f20\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u9762\u8c8c\u53d8\u5316\u6781\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u54c8\u8fbe\u5fb7\u662f\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u548c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5546\u4eba\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u201c19\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5341\u5206\u5f3a\u52b2\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u9e26\u7247\u6362\u53d6\u8336\u53f6\u6765\u501f\u529b\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u201d\u54c8\u8fbe\u5fb7\u8bf4\u3002\u201c\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u8239\u53ea\u7ed9\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u79ef\u6512\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002\u65e0\u6570\u7684\u8336\u53f6\u3001\u4e1d\u7ef8\u3001\u74f7\u5668\u548c\u9e26\u7247\uff08\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u9e26\u7247\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\uff09\u4ece\u4e00\u8258\u8258\u8239\u4e0a\u5378\u4e0b\uff0c\u88ab\u62d6\u5230\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u6d77\u5173\u5927\u697c\u5916\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u78c5\u79e4\u4e0a\u3002\u6d77\u5173\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u6cd5\u5c3c\u5c14\u5385\uff08Faneuil Hall\uff09\u548c\u6606\u897f\u5e02\u573a\uff08Quincy Market\uff09\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u5ba4\u548c\u4ed3\u5e93\u91cc\u5bf9\u4e9b\u8d27\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u6e05\u70b9\u548c\u5f81\u7a0e\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u5219\u4e3a\u9ebb\u7701\u7684\u8b66\u5bdf\u548c\u6d88\u9632\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u9053\u8def\u3001\u6865\u6881\u3001\u6cd5\u9662\u548c\u5b66\u6821\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8d44\u91d1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/6311542ed95cbd40\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6234\u6069\u00b7\u83ab\u91cc\u68ee\u7ad9\u5728\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u6d77\u5173\u5927\u697c\u524d\u3002\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd0\u6765\u7684\u8d27\u7269\u88ab\u62d6\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u7528\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u78c5\u79e4\u79f0\u91cd\u3002\uff08\u6770\u897f\u00b7\u79d1\u65af\u5854\u00a0\uff08Jesse Costa\uff09\/WBUR\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u9e26\u7247\u5229\u6da6\u8d44\u52a9\u4e86\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u4f17\u591a\u8457\u540d\u673a\u6784\u3002\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u5144\u5f1f\u5e2e\u52a9\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u9ebb\u7701\u603b\u533b\u9662\uff08Massachusetts General Hospital\uff09\u3001\u9ea6\u514b\u6797\u533b\u9662\uff08McLean Hospital\uff09\u548c\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff08Boston Athen\u00e6um\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u9e26\u7247\u5927\u4ea8\u5219\u8d44\u52a9\u4e86\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u9ad8\u4e2d\u548c\u516c\u5171\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e5f\u88ab\u954c\u523b\u5728\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u9e26\u7247\u5546\u6c83\u4f26\u00b7\u5fb7\u62c9\u8bfa\u7684\u7384\u5b59\uff0c\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u5fb7\u62c9\u8bfa\u00b7\u683c\u5170\u7279\uff08Fred Delano Grant\uff09\u8bf4\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5546\u4eba\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6148\u5584\u6350\u8d60\u4e0d\u65e0\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u6253\u9020\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e3a\u672c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e2\u662f\u5f8b\u5e08\u3001\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u683c\u5170\u7279\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5546\u4eba\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u51fa\u81ea\u666e\u901a\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5c31\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\u53d6\u80dc\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u6e05\u695a\u8981\u63a8\u52a8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5411\u524d\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u8fd8\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5e02\u653f\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u4ed6\u652f\u6301\u4fee\u5efa\u4e86\u90a6\u514b\u5c71\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\uff08Bunker Hill Monument\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u5b64\u513f\u9662\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6350\u52a9\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u6350\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u6240\u623f\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u6240\u65b0\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u8fd9\u6240\u5b66\u6821\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u76f2\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\uff08Perkins School for the Blind\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2018\u6beb\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9676\u68ee\u5927\u5b66\uff08Towson University\uff09\u7684\u526f\u6559\u6388\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u00b7\u51ef\u5229\u00b7\u683c\u96f7\uff08Elizabeth Kelly Gray\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u4eba\u5bf9\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u662f\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u65f6\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u63a9\u57cb\u4e86\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u505a\u8fd9\u7bc7\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8054\u7cfb\u4e86\u591a\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d5e\u52a9\u4eba\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d29\u5356\u9e26\u7247\u53d1\u7684\u4e0d\u4e49\u4e4b\u8d22\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9986\u5458\u8a79\u59ae\u5f17\u00b7\u963f\u8bfa\u7279\uff08Jennifer Arnott\uff09\u5bf9\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u53f2\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5979\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u5546\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6309\u9700\u4ea4\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u963f\u8bfa\u7279\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5b83\u771f\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f60\u505a\u4e86\u65e9\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f60\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u673a\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4f60\u7684\u751f\u610f\u5728\u90a3\u65f6\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5408\u60c5\u5408\u7406\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u58f0\u660e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u63cf\u8ff0:<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u8bb8\u591a\u5386\u53f2\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u5185\u5728\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u5144\u5f1f\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u4ed6\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u83b7\u53d6\u4e86\u8d22\u5bcc\u2026\u2026\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u6148\u5584\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u6177\u6168\u5730\u652f\u6301\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u533b\u7597\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6211\u4eec\u9f13\u52b1\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4f1a\u5458\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4ee5\u53ca\u53c2\u89c2\u4eba\u5458\u4ee5\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u773c\u5149\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u6211\u4eec\u73cd\u8d35\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d29\u5356\u9e26\u7247\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u793e\u533a\u7684\u4e2d\u6d41\u7825\u67f1\u3002\u5728\u60bc\u5ff5\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u60bc\u8bcd\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u201d\u3002\u963f\u8bfa\u7279\u8bf4\uff0c\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u4ece\u4e8b\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u79d8\u5bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ea4\u6613\u5bf9\u4e8e\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u597d\u5904\u5417\uff1f\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u8d34\u8fd1\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7406\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u8ff9\u8c61\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u5e74\u4e8b\u6e10\u9ad8\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5973\u5a7f\u7f16\u7e82\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u9e26\u7247\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u4e8e1856\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u53bb\u4e16\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e89<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5546\u4eba\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u552e\u9e26\u7247\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u95ee\u9898\u66fe\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u81f3\u5c11\u6709200\u4e07\u4eba\uff08\u6709\u4eba\u4f30\u8ba1\u67091000\u4e07\u4eba\uff09\u5bf9\u9e26\u7247\u4e0a\u763e\u3002\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5546\u4eba\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u5965\u5229\u82ac\u7279\uff08David\u00a0Olyphant\uff09\u62d2\u7edd\u4ea4\u6613\u9e26\u7247\uff0c\u4ed6\u79f0\u9e26\u7247\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u5f7b\u5934\u5f7b\u5c3e\u7684\u9b54\u9b3c\u201d\u3002\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\u5374\u5bf9\u5965\u5229\u82ac\u7279\u5927\u52a0\u5632\u8bbd\u3002\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u5916\u7525\u9ed8\u91cc\u00b7\u798f\u5e03\u65af\u5728\u4e00\u4efd\u4fbf\u7b7e\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u613f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4fdd\u4f51\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u514d\u53d7\u7267\u5e08\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u613f\u6211\u7684\u8239\u5168\u7531\u8036\u7a23\u6307\u6325\u3001\u7531\u5929\u4f7f\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u7531\u5723\u5f92\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4e54\u7eb3\u68ee\u00b7\u6208\u5c14\u8328\u5766\uff08Jonathan Goldstein\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5546\u4eba\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ea4\u6613\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u201c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u9e26\u7247\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u8870\u5f31\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6bc1\u6389\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u201d\u6208\u5c14\u8328\u5766\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u9e26\u7247\u4e0d\u6bd4\u9152\u66f4\u574f\uff08\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff1a\u5373\u524d\u9762\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e2d\u6c83\u4f26\u00b7\u5fb7\u62c9\u8bfa\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u5982\u8d29\u5356\u5974\u96b6\u66f4\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6208\u5c14\u8328\u5766\u8bf4\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9e26\u7247\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u201c\u6e29\u548c\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>18\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u5bb6\u65cf\u786e\u5b9e\u5728\u8d29\u5356\u4ece\u6d77\u5730\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u5730\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u751f\u610f\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5546\u54c1\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u53d8\u4e3a\u9e26\u7247\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5c31\u8c34\u8d23\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u4e86\u3002\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u9ed8\u91cc\u00b7\u798f\u5e03\u65af\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u5e9f\u5974\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u5546\u4e1a\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u7740\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bbe\u6c49\u59c6\u987f\u5927\u5b66\uff08Binghamton University\uff09\u7814\u7a7619\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u7f8e\u8d38\u6613\u53f2\u7684\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u4ee3\u5c14\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0d\u5fb7\uff08Dael Norwood\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\uff08\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u516c\u53f8\uff09\u628a\u5728\u5974\u96b6\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u7ba1\u7406\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5356\u5974\u96b6\u8d5a\u6765\u7684\u94b1\u4e3a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d29\u5356\u9e26\u7247\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8d44\u91d1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bfa\u4f0d\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5356\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u7edd\u53e3\u4e0d\u63d0\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u70ab\u8000\u8fc7\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u3002\u5728\u73c0\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u6797\u8d56\u6069\u7684\u8c6a\u5b85\u91cc\uff0c\u5ba2\u5385\u7684\u5899\u7eb8\u4e0a\u5370\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9e1f\u513f\u548c\u82b1\u6735\u3002\u5230\u8c6a\u5b85\u4e2d\u62dc\u8bbf\u7684\u5ba2\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9ad8\u5927\u534e\u4e3d\u7684\u74f7\u74f6\uff0c\u5750\u5728\u94fa\u7740\u4e1d\u7ef8\u7684\u7af9\u5236\u5bb6\u5177\u4e0a\u4f11\u606f\u3002\u76ae\u535a\u8fea\u57c3\u585e\u514b\u65af\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff08Peabody Essex Museum\uff09\u6d77\u4e8b\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u7b56\u5c55\u4eba\u4e39\u00b7\u8d39\u7eb3\u83ab\u5c14\uff08Dan Finamore\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u8dbe\u9ad8\u6c14\u6602\u3002\u201d\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u98ce\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u795e\u79d8\u800c\u53c8\u5145\u6ee1\u9b45\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u786e\u786e\u5b9e\u5b9e\u662f\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u8fb9\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u76ae\u535a\u8fea\u535a\u7269\u9986\u6536\u85cf\u4e86\u5546\u4eba\u4eec\u5e26\u56de\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u3001\u585e\u52d2\u59c6\u3001\u7ebd\u4f2f\u91cc\u6ce2\u7279\uff08Newburyport\uff09\u548c\u8d39\u5c14\u9ed1\u6587\uff08Fairhaven\uff09\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u73e0\u5b9d\u3001\u96d5\u5851\u3001\u7ed8\u753b\u548c\u7cbe\u96d5\u7ec6\u7422\u7684\u6728\u8d28\u5bb6\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p>19\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u6c34\u624b\u4eec\u5728\u524d\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9014\u4e2d\u9a7b\u8db3\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5904\u90fd\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u6e17\u5165\u4e86\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u98df\u7269\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u585e\u52d2\u59c6\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u83ab\u91cc\u68ee\u6559\u6388\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u6bcd\u4eb2\u60f3\u8ba9\u513f\u5b50\u8dd1\u4e2a\u817f\uff0c\u5979\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;I need you to go to the bazaar. I need a chou of dungaree and &#8230; bohea. And if you go chop, chop, I\u2019ll give you a cumchou.&#8221;\u00a0\u8fd9\u91cc\u7528\u4e0a\u4e86\u5404\u5730\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6b63\u5e38\u82f1\u8bed\u662f\u00a0&#8220;Go to the market, get me an assortment of spices, and if you&#8217;re quick, I\u2019ll give you a reward\uff08\u5230\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u7ed9\u6211\u4e70\u4e9b\u5404\u79cd\u9999\u6599\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5e72\u7684\u5feb\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u5956\u52b1\u4f60\uff09.&#8221;<br \/>\n\u9e26\u7247\u5546\u4eec\u8fd8\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u5e26\u5230\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u6765\u5f53\u53a8\u5e08\u3001\u4f63\u4eba\u548c\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u52a9\u624b\u3002\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u5728\u534e\u7684\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u516c\u53f8\u8981\u4e48\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u518d\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u505a\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u65d7\u660c\u4f1a\uff08Keechong Society\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u505a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u6784\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u578b\u793e\u4ea4\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u4e8e19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u76f4\u52301970\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u5728\u65f6\u65ad\u65f6\u7eed\u5730\u4e3e\u884c\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/9c14d16e5de35b61\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u83f2\u5229\u65af\u00b7\u798f\u5e03\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u5c14\uff08Phyllis Forbes Kerr\uff09\u7f16\u7e82\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u7531\u5979\u7684\u4e94\u4e16\u7956\uff08great-great-great-grandfather\uff09\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u8d1d\u5185\u7279\u00b7\u798f\u5e03\u65af\uff08Robert Bennett 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src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/850abd997f5a044c\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/cae1082ad46af74a\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u798f\u5e03\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u7684\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5012\u5356\u9e26\u7247\u5f97\u6765\u7684\u94b1\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u66fe\u7956\u7236\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6bd2\u8d29\u3002\u8fd9\u7b14\u5de8\u6b3e\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u5de5\u4e1a\u57ce\u5e02\u7fa4\u2014\u2014\u9a6c\u585e\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\uff0c\u8fd9\u7b14\u5de8\u6b3e\u8fd8\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u9996\u6279\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u4e94\u6761\u94c1\u8def\uff0c\u5012\u5356\u9e26\u7247\u800c\u6765\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u904d\u5e03\u6574\u4e2a\u4e1c\u6d77\u5cb8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u4eba\u63d0\u8d77\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53eb\u505a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53bb\u5927\u5927\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986\u53c2\u89c2\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u88ab\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u8336\u53f6\u3001\u4e1d\u7ef8\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5012\u5356\u9e26\u7247\u5f97\u6765\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u7f04\u9ed8\u4e0d\u8a00\u3002\u201d\u00a0[2]<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/4440e3288b655f55\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Bibliography<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6765\u6e90: \u98ce\u4e91\u4e4b\u58f0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u4f5c\u8005: CHS 19\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\u3002 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[16768,3207,779,18289],"views":129,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61126"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=61126"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61126\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61127,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61126\/revisions\/61127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=61126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=61126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=61126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}