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\u6765\u6e90: \u5357\u65b9\u5468\u672b<\/p>\n

\u201c\u4e00\u7247\u51b0\u5fc3\u5728\u7389\u58f6\u201d\u662f\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8868\u8fbe\u5fc3\u8ff9\u3002<\/p>\n

1976\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5b89\u5fbd\u6000\u8fdc\u8346\u5c71\u6e56\u6e14\u573a\uff0c62\u5c81\u7684\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u5df2\u5386\u5341\u5e74\u76d1\u7981\u3001\u516b\u5e74\u201c\u7559\u573a\u5c31\u4e1a\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u6539\u9020\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5973\u513f\u53f6\u5a03\u95ee\u4ed6\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u7231\u6cd5\uff1f\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff1a\u4f60\u4eec\u6ca1\u505a\u8fc7\u4ea1\u56fd\u5974\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1951\u5e74\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u548c\u592b\u4eba\u5b59\u7ae6\u5e26\u7740\u4e24\u4e2a\u5973\u513f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662<\/p>\n

\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u5199\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u51fa\u7248\u30021993\u5e74\uff0c\u5199\u5230\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u300a\u72f1\u4e2d\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u65b9\u683c\u7a3f\u7eb8\u7b2c\u4e00\u9875\u7684\u9875\u7709\u5904\uff0c\u7528\u8f6f\u7b14\u5199\u4e0b\u7ad6\u6392\u5927\u5b57\uff1a\u201c\u6b64\u7a3f\u4e0d\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u4e13\u501f\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u9605\u8bfb\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u201d\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u4e24\u4e2a\u201c\u4e2d\u6587\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bfb\u201d\u7684\u5916\u5b59\u5973\u3002\u4ed6\u60f3\u544a\u8bc9\u5979\u4eec\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u201c\u4ed6\u8001\u89c9\u5f97\u6211\u592a\u592a\u90a3\u4e00\u4ee3\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u53f3\u3001\u2018\u6587\u9769\u2019\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u8981\u8ddf\u7236\u4eb2\u5212\u6e05\u754c\u9650\u3002\u201d\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u5973\u5a7f\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u5468\u9521\u745e\uff08Joseph W.Esherick\uff09\u544a\u8bc9\u5357\u65b9\u5468\u672b\u8bb0\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

2014\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u5f53\u521d\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u8303\u56f4\u88ab\u6253\u7834\u3002\u300a\u4e00\u7247\u51b0\u5fc3\u5728\u7389\u58f6\u2014\u2014\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\u8fde\u540c\u5468\u9521\u745e\u7684\u4e13\u8457\u300a\u53f6\uff1a\u767e\u5e74\u52a8\u8361\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u300b\u7684\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u4e00\u8d77\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n

1958\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u4ee5\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7279\u52a1\u201d\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u5165\u72f1\uff0c1975\u5e74\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u53bf\u56e2\u7ea7\u201d\u88ab\u7279\u8d66\uff0c1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u53c8\u88ab\u843d\u5b9e\u653f\u7b56\u6210\u201c\u7ea2\u519b\u8001\u5e72\u90e8\u201d\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u8eab\u4efd\u4ed6\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u5929\u6d25\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e16\u5bb6\u5b50\u5f1f\u3002\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u66f9\u951f\u7684\u62dc\u628a\u5144\u5f1f\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u662f\u8881\u4e16\u51ef\u5b59\u5b50\u7684\u5e72\u5988\u3002<\/p>\n

1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u5468\u9521\u745e\u628a\u5cb3\u7236\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u62ff\u7ed9\u7f81\u65c5\u5317\u7f8e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ae0\u5f00\u6c85\u770b\u3002\u7ae0\u4e00\u9762\u80af\u5b9a\u624b\u7a3f\u6709\u201c\u91cd\u8981\u53f2\u6599\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u5efa\u8bae\u5468\u9521\u745e\u4e3a\u53f6\u5bb6\u5199\u4e00\u90e8\u5bb6\u65cf\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5177\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a\u7b03\u5b57\u8f88\u7684\u9ad8\u7956\u53f6\u5764\u539a\u3001\u66fe\u7956\u53f6\u4f2f\u82f1\u66fe\u5728\u6cb3\u5357\u3001\u76f4\u96b6\u3001\u9655\u897f\u3001\u5c71\u4e1c\u7b49\u5730\u4efb\u85e9\u81ec\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7701\u6c11\u653f\u5385\u957f\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u5385\u5385\u957f\uff09\u8981\u804c\u4e43\u81f3\u4e00\u7701\u5de1\u629a\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u665a\u6e05\u5185\u5fe7\u5916\u60a3\u5e76\u8d77\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u53f6\u6c0f\u7236\u5b50\u9760\u5e73\u5b9a\u637b\u519b\u548c\u6d2a\u6768\u4e4b\u4e71\u79ef\u7d2f\u8d77\u653f\u6cbb\u8d44\u672c\u3002\u4e58\u4e24\u4eba\u4f59\u836b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b50\u5b59\u5373\u4fbf\u79d1\u4e3e\u4e0d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u8d70\u4e0a\u4ed5\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u665a\u6e05\u5230\u6c11\u56fd\uff0c\u53f6\u4f2f\u82f1\u4e4b\u5b59\u53f6\u5d07\u8d28\u66fe\u4efb\u8881\u4e16\u51ef\u62a4\u536b\u3001\u76f4\u96b6\u6e05\u6cb3\u9053\u3001\u5de1\u8b66\u9053\u7b49\u804c\u3002\u4eb2\u5386\u6c11\u521d\u7684\u6697\u6740\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8f9e\u5b98\u4e0d\u505a\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u5317\u65b9\u7684\u5468\u5b66\u7199\u8d22\u56e2\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u8bf8\u591a\u5317\u6d0b\u7cfb\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53f6\u5d07\u8d28\u5b50\u597315\u4eba\u3002\u592d\u62983\u4e2a\uff0c\u5176\u4f5912\u4eba\u90fd\u7ecf\u5386\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5de8\u53d8\u3002\u957f\u5b50\u53f6\u7b03\u4ec1\u3001\u4e09\u5b50\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\u3001\u4e94\u5b50\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u66fe\u5728\u201c\u6c11\u76df\u201d\u4e2d\u592e\u53ca\u4eac\u6d25\u4e24\u5730\u4efb\u804c\u3002\u516d\u5b50\u53f6\u65b9\u3001\u4e5d\u5b50\u65b9\u5b9e\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5458\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u5ba3\u4f20\u90e8\u95e8\u4efb\u804c\u3002\u4e03\u5b50\u53f6\u7b03\u6b63\u662f\u5927\u6c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6700\u9ad8\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u3002\u5341\u4e8c\u5b50\u53f6\u5229\u4e2d\u5728\u76f8\u58f0\u754c\u8f88\u5206\u6781\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u4ece\u827a\u591a\u5e74\u800c\u4e3a\u957f\u5144\u4e0d\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u4e94\u4ee3\u4eba\uff0c\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u767e\u4f59\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e00\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u8840\u6cea\u60b2\u6b22\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8f6c\u578b\u4e4b\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n

1994\u5e74\uff0c\u5468\u9521\u745e\u548c\u59bb\u5b50\u53f6\u5a03\u5f00\u59cb\u4e3a\u64b0\u5199\u53f6\u5bb6\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u53f2\u505a\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n

2000\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u5f1f\u5f1f\u5230\u533b\u9662\u770b\u671b\u75c5\u69bb\u4e0a\u7684\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u300286\u5c81\u7684\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u5f20\u7eb8\uff0c\u5728\u4e03\u5f1f\u53f6\u7b03\u6b63\u3001\u4e5d\u5f1f\u65b9\u5b9e\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u7528\u98a4\u98a4\u5dcd\u5dcd\u7684\u624b\u5199\u4e0b\u4e94\u4e2a\u5b57\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u751f\u6709\u4f55\u7f6a\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u5929\u4e0b\u5348\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u53bb\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u60f3\u201c\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u4e2a\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

1919\u5e74\uff0c\u521a\u4e0a\u79c1\u587e\u7684\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u89c1\u8bc6\u4e86\u4e94\u56db\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5927\u573a\u9762\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5bb6\u5c31\u4f4f\u5728\u7701\u957f\u3001\u7763\u519b\u8859\u95e8\u65c1\u8fb9\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u6e38\u884c\u793a\u5a01\uff0c\u88ab\u6253\u5f97\u5934\u7834\u8840\u6d41\uff0c\u722c\u7701\u957f\u3001\u7763\u519b\u8859\u95e8\u7684\u6805\u680f\u95e8\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u4eb2\u773c\u5f97\u89c1\u201d\u3002\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\u3002\u4ed6\u8bb0\u5f97\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u5f53\u65f6\u558a\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u662f\u201c\u6253\u5012\u6768\u6886\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u6768\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u76f4\u96b6\u7701\u8b66\u52a1\u5904\u5904\u957f\u517c\u5929\u6d25\u8b66\u5bdf\u5385\u5385\u957f\u3002\u4eac\u6d25\u4e0d\u8fc7\u767e\u4f59\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8f7b\u5fae\u7684\u6f02\u79fb\u3002<\/p>\n

1927\u5e74\uff0c13\u5c81\u7684\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u8003\u5165\u5357\u5f00\u4e2d\u5b66\u3002\u5317\u4f10\u519b\u8fdb\u5165\u5929\u6d25\uff0c\u5357\u5f00\u7684\u7ae5\u5b50\u519b\u5230\u6cb3\u5317\u516c\u56ed\u53c2\u52a0\u5e86\u795d\u5927\u4f1a\u3002\u201c\u516c\u56ed\u5185\u5230\u5904\u6324\u6ee1\u4e86\u4eba\uff0c\u4e34\u65f6\u642d\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\u53f0\u4e0a\u7ad9\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u7a7f\u9a6c\u8902\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7a7f\u519b\u88c5\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6234\u9ed1\u773c\u955c\u7684\u4eba\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u58f0\u5636\u529b\u7aed\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u90a3\u65f6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u2018\u6269\u97f3\u5668\u2019\uff0c\u53f0\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u542c\u4e0d\u5230\u3002\u201d\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u83b7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u4e09\u5343\u5e74\u672a\u6709\u4e4b\u5927\u53d8\u5c40\u201d\u5bf9\u53f6\u6c0f\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5fae\u4e4e\u5176\u5fae\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u5bb6\u98ce\u7531\u6765\u5df2\u4e45\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u9605\u53f6\u4f2f\u82f1\u7684\u594f\u6298\u548c\u5e74\u8c31\uff0c\u5468\u9521\u745e\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u53f6\u4f2f\u82f1\u5728\u76f4\u96b6\u6e05\u6cb3\u9053\u4efb\u4e0a\uff0c\u6570\u6b21\u89d0\u89c1\u6148\u79a7\u53ca\u5149\u7eea\u3002\u6148\u79a7\u51e0\u6b21\u95ee\u53f6\u4f2f\u82f1\u4e0e\u201c\u6d0b\u52a1\u201d\u6709\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u53f6\u4f2f\u82f1\u90fd\u80fd\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u503c\u4e00\u63d0\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4f5c\u54c1\u548c\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53f6\u4f2f\u82f1\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u9732\u51fa\u5bf9\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u548c\u6280\u672f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u4e1d\u6beb\u5174\u8da3\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5bf9\u6d0b\u52a1\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53ca\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53f6\u5764\u539a\u66f4\u52a0\u4fdd\u5b88\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u7981\u6b62\u5bf9\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u300a\u6c5f\u4e0a\u5c0f\u84ec\u83b1\u541f\u822b\u8bd7\u5b58\u300b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u5f1f\u5f1f\u4eec\u4ece\u4e0e\u4ed6\u622a\u7136\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u5bfb\u627e\u6551\u56fd\u4e4b\u8def\u30021935\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\uff0c\u8001\u4e5d\u7b03\u6210\u56e0\u9605\u8bfb\u5de6\u7ffc\u4e66\u7c4d\u300a\u5927\u9769\u547d\u53f2\uff081925\u20141927\uff09\u300b\u88ab\u5e26\u5230\u5929\u6d25\u8b66\u5907\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u30021935\u5e74\u51ac\u5929\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u4e8c\u00b7\u4e5d\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u8001\u516d\u7b03\u5ec9\uff08\u53f6\u65b9\uff09\u548c\u8001\u4e03\u7b03\u6b63\u53c2\u4e0e\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u7b03\u5ec9\uff08\u53f6\u65b9\uff09\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

1936\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4e1c\u4eac\u5e1d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u519c\u5b66\u79d1\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u8001\u4e94\u7b03\u5e84\u8d81\u6691\u5047\u56de\u5230\u5929\u6d25\u3002\u7ecf\u4ed6\u63d0\u8bae\uff0c\u5728\u5357\u5f00\u4e2d\u5b66\u53d7\u8fc7\u5b8c\u6574\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u51e0\u5144\u5f1f\uff08\u8001\u4e09\u3001\u8001\u4e94\u3001\u8001\u516d\u3001\u8001\u4e03\u3001\u8001\u4e5d\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u4eba\u4ece\u5206\u5f97\u76841\u4e07\u5143\u9057\u4ea7\u4e2d\u62ff\u51fa1000\u5143\uff0c\u5f00\u529e\u201c\u5929\u6d25\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e66\u5e97\u201d\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u7b03\u5e84\u4f11\u5b66\u4e00\u5b66\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e66\u5e97\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5929\u6d25\u6cd5\u79df\u754c\u56fd\u6c11\u996d\u5e97\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u8857\u94fa\u9762\uff0c\u5185\u8bbe\u6c99\u53d1\u548c\u9760\u80cc\u6905\u3002\u4e3a\u65b9\u4fbf\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u7535\u8bdd\u8d2d\u4e66\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002\u6240\u552e\u56fe\u4e66\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u5171\u5317\u65b9\u5c40\u673a\u5173\u520a\u7269\u300a\u957f\u57ce\u300b\u3001\u5317\u5e73\u5de6\u6d3e\u6559\u6388\u4eec\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u5927\u578b\u520a\u7269\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u77e5\u8bc6\u300b\u3001\u65af\u8bfa\u548c\u71d5\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u671f\u520a\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\uff08Democracy\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

1937\u5e74\uff0c\u5929\u6d25\u6ca6\u9677\u3002\u5e74\u957f\u7684\u53f6\u5bb6\u5144\u5f1f\u7559\u5728\u5929\u6d25\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u5404\u5954\u4ed6\u65b9\u3002\u8001\u4e94\u7b03\u5e84\u5728\u5c71\u897f\u9648\u8d53\u6240\u90e8\u516b\u8def\u519b129\u5e08386\u65c5\u843d\u811a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u5230\u897f\u5357\u201c\u56fd\u7edf\u533a\u201d\u3002\u8001\u516d\u7b03\u5ec9\u6700\u521d\u4e5f\u5230\u4e86\u5c71\u897f\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u7531\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u51fa\u8d44\u3001\u8584\u4e00\u6ce2\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u201c\u727a\u76df\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\u8001\u4e03\u7b03\u6b63\u548c\u8001\u4e5d\u7b03\u6210\uff08\u65b9\u5b9e\uff09\u5728\u4e03\u4e03\u4e8b\u53d8\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5df2\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4e2d\u5171\u5916\u56f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u2014\u2014\u6c11\u65cf\u89e3\u653e\u5148\u950b\u961f\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8ddf\u7740\u961f\u4f0d\u4ece\u5c71\u4e1c\u4e00\u8def\u8f97\u8f6c\u5411\u5357\uff0c\u518d\u5411\u897f\u30021943\u5e74\uff0c\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5e7c\u5b50\u7b03\u614e\uff08\u53f6\u5229\u4e2d\uff09\u4e5f\u4ece\u5929\u6d25\u5230\u91cd\u5e86\uff0c\u5e76\u4e00\u5ea6\u52a0\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fdc\u5f81\u519b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u53f6\u5bb6\u5144\u5f1f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u660e\u786e\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7a76\u7adf\u8981\u53bb\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8981\u53bb\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u53c2\u52a0\u6297\u65e5\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4e5f\u6ca1\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u6218\u4e89\u7a76\u7adf\u4f1a\u6253\u591a\u4e45\u3002\u201d\u5468\u9521\u745e\u5728\u4ea4\u4ee3\u53f6\u5bb6\u5144\u5f1f\u884c\u8e2a\u65f6\u8bc4\u8bba\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n

\u767d\u533a\u6765\u7684\u6d0b\u5b66\u751f<\/strong><\/p>\n

1937\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u5728\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\u9644\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u8f9e\u804c\u4fe1\u7684\u8349\u7a3f\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4fe1\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u5339\u4e0d\u8d1f\u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\u9aa1\u5b50\uff0c\u88ab\u4eba\u7275\u7740\u5230\u5904\u4e71\u8dd1\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u6700\u4f24\u5fc3\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u2026\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5728386\u65c5\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u622a\u83b7\u7684\u65e5\u519b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5ba1\u95ee\u4fd8\u864f\uff0c\u5e76\u6559\u519b\u961f\u7528\u65e5\u8bed\u558a\u8bdd\uff1a\u201c\u7f34\u67aa\u4e0d\u6740\uff0c\u4f18\u5f85\u4fd8\u864f\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7eaf\u201c\u6280\u672f\u6027\u201d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5f88\u6c14\u9981\u3002\u65e0\u4e8b\u505a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53c8\u89c9\u5f97\u5f88\u65e0\u804a\u3002\u4ed6\u5411\u5e08\u653f\u6cbb\u90e8\u63d0\u51fa\u8c03\u79bb\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u88ab\u653f\u6cbb\u5e72\u4e8b\u9a73\u56de\u3002\u6b64\u4e8b\u4e5f\u88ab\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u5199\u8fdb\u65e5\u8bb0\u91cc\uff1a\u201c\u9879\u7acb\u672c\u7528\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u53e3\u543b\uff0c\u5411\u6211\u8bb2\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5c41\u8bdd\uff0c\u6d41\u6c13\u4e4b\u81f3\uff0c\u65e0\u653f\u6cbb\u98ce\u5ea6\u4e5f\u2026\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

129\u5e08\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u7ea2\u519b\u6218\u58eb\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u957f\u5f81\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u534a\u591c\u8f6c\u79fb\u9635\u5730\uff0c\u8981\u8d9f\u4e00\u6761\u9f50\u8170\u6df1\u7684\u6cb3\uff0c\u6cb3\u6c34\u51b0\u51b7\u3002\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u5f88\u607c\u706b\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u642d\u4e00\u5ea7\u4fbf\u6865\u4f1a\u8ba9\u8f6c\u79fb\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u90e8\u961f\u4e0a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e0b\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u767d\u533a\u201d\u6765\u7684\u6d0b\u5b66\u751f\u6839\u672c\u7ecf\u4e0d\u8d77\u8003\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n

1939\u5e74\u51ac\uff0c\u5c71\u897f\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6218\u7ebf\u7834\u88c2\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u56de\u5230\u9655\u897f\u3002\u5468\u9521\u745e\u603b\u7ed3\u4ed6\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u884c\u8e2a\uff1a\u201c\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u521d\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u5e2e\u6d3e\u8054\u76df\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u6ca1\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

1940\u5e74\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u5230\u91cd\u5e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5148\u662f\u53d7\u4e2d\u5171\u6307\u6d3e\uff0c\u6f5c\u5165\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u201c\u7279\u79cd\u60c5\u62a5\u6240\u201d\uff0c\u540e\u4e0e\u4e8e\u5149\u8fdc\u5cb3\u7236\u5b5f\u7528\u6f5c\u521b\u529e\u201c\u592a\u5e73\u516c\u53f8\u201d\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u6606\u660e\u53c2\u52a0\u7f8e\u56fd\u6218\u7565\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40GBT\u5c0f\u7ec4\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u9646\u7a7a\u8f85\u52a9\u961f\uff0c1944\u5e74\u53c8\u53d7\u4e2d\u5171\u6307\u6d3e\u52a0\u5165\u201c\u6c11\u76df\u201d\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u5e26\u6765\u65e0\u7a77\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002<\/p>\n

1957\u5e74\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u548c\u4e09\u54e5\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\u88ab\u5212\u4e3a\u53f3\u6d3e\u3002\u4e00\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7b03\u5e84\u88ab\u6293\u8fdb\u5317\u4eac\u8349\u5c9a\u5b50\u76d1\u72f1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f81\u7e3b\u5728\u8349\u5c9a\u5b50\u76d1\u72f1\u3001\u529f\u5fb7\u6797\u76d1\u72f1\u3001\u81ea\u65b0\u8def\u770b\u5b88\u6240\u76845\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e86\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7531\u6765\u300b\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7a3f\u7eb8\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u8bd1\u6587\u5199\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u65e5\u8bd1\u672c\u884c\u95f4\u3002\u5176\u95f4\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u6700\u9965\u997f\u7684\u4e09\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece22\u5c81\u8d77\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u8d5e\u52a9\u8005\u548c\u652f\u6301\u8005\u30021958\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7279\u52a1\u201d\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u88ab\u8bf1\u6355\u5165\u72f1\u300210\u5e74\u5211\u671f\u671f\u6ee1\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u5728\u52b3\u6539\u519c\u573a\u88ab\u201c\u5f3a\u5236\u5c31\u4e1a\u201d8\u5e74\u30021975\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u4e3a\u6539\u5584\u548c\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5927\u9646\u7279\u8d66\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u53bf\u56e2\u7ea7\u201d\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u60ca\u5f02\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u5728\u7279\u8d66\u4e4b\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u5927\u7684\u7b11\u8bdd\u3002\u6211\u4e00\u751f\u53cd\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7adf\u6cbe\u4e86\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u5149\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u201d\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u5728\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u5929\u9ed8\u5ff5\u4e00\u904d\u201c\u8179\u7a3f\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f1f\u5f1f\u4eec\u79bb\u5f00\u5929\u6d25\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u71d5\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7cfb\u4ee5\u4f18\u7b49\u6210\u7ee9\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\uff0c\u4e00\u5ea6\u62ff\u5230\u8d74\u6cd5\u7559\u5b66\u7684\u8239\u7968\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

1938\u5e74\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\u4e0e\u201c\u56fd\u793e\u515a\u201d\u515a\u9b41\u5f20\u4e1c\u836a\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5408\u4f5c\u201d\uff0c\u5230\u6c49\u53e3\u5bfb\u627e\u6297\u65e5\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u540e\u7ecf\u5f20\u4e1c\u836a\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u4e2d\u5171\u5317\u5e73\u5730\u4e0b\u515a\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u738b\u5b9a\u5357\u3002\u4ece1939\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\u6bcf\u6708\u5411\u738b\u62a5\u544a\u4ece\u4ed6\u5c31\u804c\u7684\u5f00\u6ee6\u77ff\u52a1\u5c40\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u60c5\u62a5\u30021943\u5e74\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\u4ee3\u8868\u5f20\u4e1c\u836a\u548c\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\u7b7e\u7f72\u201c\u4e03\u4e03\u6297\u65e5\u534f\u5b9a\u201d\uff0c\u7ea6\u5b9a\u6297\u6218\u80dc\u5229\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u5408\u4f5c\u4e89\u53d6\u548c\u5e73\u6c11\u4e3b\u5efa\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

1946\u5e74\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\u5230\u91cd\u5e86\u53c2\u52a0\u201c\u6c11\u76df\u201d\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5165\u7684\u201c\u804c\u4e1a\u201d\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6297\u6218\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u6c11\u76df\u201d\u575a\u6301\u8d70\u201c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6761\u9053\u8def\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u653f\u534f\u4f1a\u8bae\u3001\u56fd\u5927\u4f1a\u8bae\u3001\u56fd\u5171\u548c\u8c08\u5954\u8d70\u3002\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4eb2\u5386\u8005\u3002\u6c11\u76df\u4e0e\u53f8\u5f92\u96f7\u767b\u5386\u6b21\u63a5\u6d3d\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u7531\u4ed6\u4f5c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n

1949\u5e745\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u4e0a\u6d77\u603b\u9886\u4e8b\u9f50\u827e\u65af\u7ed9\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\u4e00\u672c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5370\u53d1\u7684\u94c1\u6258\u4e0e\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5f80\u6765\u4fe1\u4ef6\u3002\u5f7c\u65f6\uff0c\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u5df2\u7ecf\u51b3\u88c2\u3002\u201c\u4ece\u4fe1\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u51fa\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5927\u56fd\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u538b\u8feb\u5c0f\u56fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u94c1\u6258\u5351\u8eac\u4e0b\u6c14\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5484\u5484\u903c\u4eba\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u540c\u82cf\u8054\u641e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u662f\u4e0d\u597d\u53d7\u7684\u3002\u201d\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u516b\u5341\u81ea\u8ff0\u201d\u300a\u867d\u4e5d\u6b7b\u5176\u72b9\u672a\u6094\u300b\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\u3002\u9f50\u827e\u65af\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u5f88\u660e\u786e\uff1a\u8ba9\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u628a\u4fe1\u7ed9\u5468\u6069\u6765\u6216\u4e2d\u5171\u4efb\u4f55\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u770b\u3002\u62b5\u4eac\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u95fb\u77e5\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u300a\u8bba\u4eba\u6c11\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e13\u653f\u300b\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u4e00\u8fb9\u5012\u201d\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u65b9\u9488\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\u628a\u9f50\u827e\u65af\u7ed9\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u201c\u4e22\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u6562\u5e26\u5230\u5317\u5e73\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

1949\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\u4e00\u5ea6\u4eab\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u653f\u52a1\u9662\u653f\u6cd5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u3001\u526f\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\uff0c\u653f\u534f\u5168\u56fd\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u526f\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u3001\u6c11\u76df\u4e2d\u592e\u5e38\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u7b49\u804c\u3002<\/p>\n

1957\u5e744\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u57ce\u697c\u4e0a\u9080\u8bf7\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u6d3e\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u548c\u65e0\u515a\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u5ea7\u8c08\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u64a4\u9500\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u515a\u59d4\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u8d23\u6210\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7ea6\u96c6\u6c11\u76df\u3001\u4e5d\u4e09\u5b66\u793e\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u5b9e\u65bd\u7ec6\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece5\u67088\u65e5\u52306\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u53ec\u5f00\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u6d3e\u548c\u65e0\u515a\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a13\u6b21\uff0c\u53f7\u53ec\u8e0a\u8dc3\u53d1\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u6bdb\u4eb2\u81ea\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u89e3\u6563\u5b66\u6821\u515a\u59d4\u201d\u7684\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6bdb\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7a0d\u52a0\u8bba\u8bc1\u548c\u53d1\u6325\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u201c\u9e23\u653e\u201d\u6c14\u6c1b\u7684\u70ed\u70c8\uff0c\u4ed6\u9646\u7eed\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u6d3e\u673a\u5173\u5e72\u90e8\u7eb3\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u4ece\u56e2\u7ed3500\u4e07\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7740\u773c\uff0c\u5e94\u89e3\u6563\u56db\u4e2a\u515a\u6d3e\uff08\u6c11\u76df\u3001\u6c11\u8fdb\u3001\u519c\u5de5\u3001\u4e5d\u4e09\u5b66\u793e\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u7ec4\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u653f\u515a\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u76ee\u524d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u662f\u884c\u884c\u51fa\u72b6\u5143\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u884c\u884c\u51fa\uff08\u4eba\u5927\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u884c\u884c\u51fa\uff08\u653f\u534f\uff09\u59d4\u5458\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\u5f88\u5feb\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u53f3\u6d3e\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u5df2\u8fd1\u8004\u800b\u4e4b\u5e74\u7684\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\u628a1957\u5e744\u670830\u65e5\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u57ce\u697c\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u3001\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5149\u660e\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u5728\u201c\u5927\u9e23\u5927\u653e\u201d\u53ca\u201c\u53cd\u53f3\u201d\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8a00\u8bba\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u3001\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u5199\u7684\u68c0\u8ba8\uff0c\u4e00\u5b57\u4e0d\u6f0f\u5730\u6284\u5f55\u8fdb\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u516b\u5341\u56de\u5fc6\u201d\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\u4e0e\u5144\u5f1f\u5408\u5f71<\/p>\n

1968\u5e74\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\u88ab\u6295\u8fdb\u79e6\u57ce\u76d1\u72f1\u3002\u4ece\u8e0f\u5165\u7262\u95e8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5929\u8d77\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u6253\u201c\u79e6\u57ce\u76d1\u72f1\u5750\u7262\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8ffd\u8bb0\u201d\u7684\u8179\u7a3f\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u624b\u8868\u5728\u5165\u72f1\u5f53\u5929\u5c31\u88ab\u6458\u6389\uff0c\u7ec8\u65e5\u4e0d\u77e5\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u65e5\u5386\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u63a8\u7b97\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u5374\u4e1d\u6beb\u4e0d\u723d\u3002\u201c\u4ece1968\u5e744\u67084\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\u52301972\u5e748\u670816\u65e5\u6b62\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u4e00\u5929\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u80fd\u8bb0\u5f97\u4e1d\u6beb\u4e0d\u723d\u3002\u201d\u5728\u201c\u516b\u5341\u56de\u5fc6\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5904\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\u5199\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6211\u4e00\u56de\u5230\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u4eec\u5c31\u53bb\u770b\u6211\u3002\u6211\u628a\u6211\u7684\u6848\u60c5\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u529b\u8beb\u6211\u65e0\u8bba\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u53ca\u6b64\u4e8b\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u628a\u6211\u7684\u8179\u7a3f\u5199\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u85cf\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u79d8\u4e0d\u793a\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u7684\u513f\u5973\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u60f3\u6f14\u2018\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5bab\u2019\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51a4\u6848\u8fdf\u65e9\u4f1a\u5927\u767d\u4e8e\u5929\u4e0b\u7684\u3002\u65e5\u4e45\u5929\u957f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8179\u7a3f\u4f1a\u4e00\u5929\u4e00\u5929\u5730\u5fd8\u6389\u3002\u5c06\u6765\u4e00\u65e6\u5e73\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u4e5f\u62ff\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u6b7b\u4e0d\u7791\u76ee\u3002\u6211\u4e8e\u662f\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8179\u7a3f\u9010\u5b57\u9010\u53e5\u5728\u5fc3\u91cc\u9ed8\u5ff5\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u56db\u4eba\u5e2e\u5012\u53f0\uff0c\u6211\u624d\u6562\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8179\u7a3f\u5199\u6210\u6587\u5b57\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u4f60\u662f\u5929\u8db3\uff0c<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u7f20\u8fc7\u8db3\u7684\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

1979\u5e74\u6625\u8282\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u5728\u5b89\u5fbd\u767b\u4e0a\u4e00\u5217\u9a76\u5411\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u7a7a\u8361\u8361\u7684\u5217\u8f66\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u4e00\u5927\u65e9\u5230\u7ad9\uff0c\u4ed6\u53eb\u4e86\u8f86\u4e09\u8f6e\u8f66\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u53f6\u9753\uff08\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u957f\u5973\uff09\u4f4f\u5904\uff0c\u5524\u9192\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u8fd8\u5728\u7761\u89c9\u7684\u5973\u513f\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u6cb9\u6f06\u8fc7\u7684\u90a3\u5f20\u5e8a\u7684\u5e8a\u5934\uff0c\u653e\u7740\u59bb\u5b50\u7684\u9aa8\u7070\u76d2\uff0c\u76ee\u7779\u6b64\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u4e0d\u7981\u8001\u6cea\u7eb5\u6a2a\u3002\u201d\u884c\u6587\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u53f2\u5bb6\u201d\u81ea\u5c45\uff0c\u529b\u6c42\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba2\u89c2\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5468\u9521\u745e\u4e5f\u6309\u637a\u4e0d\u4f4f\u6307\u5c16\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u8e0f\u8fdb\u5bb6\u95e8\u4e4b\u524d4\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u9ad8\u4e2d\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u82e6\u82e6\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u5b59\u7ae6\u5df2\u60a3\u809d\u764c\u79bb\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1948\u5e74\u53f6\u7b03\u6b63\u7f8e\u56fd\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7167<\/p>\n

\u5b66\u751f\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5b59\u7ae6\u7684\u7ef0\u53f7\u662f\u201c\u8fa3\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u7f8e\u4e3d\u3001\u9ad8\u50b2\u3001\u6cfc\u8fa3\u30021930\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5b59\u7ae6\u548c\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u90fd\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u7559\u5b66\u3002\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b59\u7ae6\u52a0\u5165\u4e1c\u4eac\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u5916\u56f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u6587\u5316\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\u6ca1\u591a\u4e45\uff0c\u201c\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u544a\u8bc9\u53f6\u7b03\u5e84\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u90a3\u4f4d\u5c0f\u59d0\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u56de\u4e8b\uff1f\u5979\u8bf4\uff1a\u2018\u4f60\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u6211\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u6211\u6ca1\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u2019\u8bf4\u5b8c\u62d4\u8d77\u5c41\u80a1\u5c31\u8d70\u5566\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

1930\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5929\u6d25\u300a\u5317\u6d0b\u753b\u62a5\u300b\u4e0a\u66fe\u520a\u767b\u5b59\u7ae6\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u4e8b\u6f2b\u753b\uff0c\u753b\u98ce\u987d\u76ae\u7280\u5229\u3002\u6297\u6218\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u5b59\u7ae6\u66fe\u4e00\u5ea6\u8e29\u7740\u9ad8\u8ddf\u978b\u53c2\u52a0\u65b0\u56db\u519b\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

\u65b9\u5b9e\u7684\u5973\u513f\u53f6\u7ef4\u4e3d\u4e00\u76f4\u8bb0\u5f97\u201c\u4e94\u5a18\u201d\u7684\u7f8e\u4e3d\u3002\u5979\u4e5f\u8bb0\u5f97\uff0c\u5386\u6b21\u8fd0\u52a8\u8fc7\u540e\uff0c\u52301960\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e94\u5a18\u5df2\u7ecf\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7f29\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

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1994\u5e74\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u8001\u4e09\u7b03\u4e49\u548c\u8001\u4e94\u7b03\u5e84\u5206\u522b\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u98ce\u683c\u8fe5\u5f02\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u3002\u7b03\u5e84\u6d0b\u6d0b\u6d12\u6d12\uff0c\u884c\u6587\u751f\u52a8\uff0c\u201c\u4fe8\u7136\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u5e45\u665a\u6e05\u6c11\u56fd\u76f4\u81f31949\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5ef6\u7ef5\u753b\u5377\uff08\u7ae0\u5f00\u6c85\u8bed\uff09\u201d\u3002\u53f6\u7b03\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u516b\u5341\u56de\u5fc6\u201d\u884c\u6587\u7f1c\u5bc6\u514b\u5236\uff0c\u4e00\u5b57\u4e0d\u843d\u5730\u6284\u5f55\u201c\u65f6\u4ee3\u6587\u732e\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ca200\u9875\u7684\u5c0f\u4e66\u5374\u6709\u5343\u94a7\u4e4b\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n

1991\u5e74\u52302005\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u8001\u4e5d\u65b9\u5b9e\u51fa\u4efb\u300a\u708e\u9ec4\u6625\u79cb\u300b\u526f\u793e\u957f\u3002\u5973\u513f\u53f6\u7ef4\u4e3d\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u76f4\u81f388\u5c81\u88ab\u4e2d\u98ce\u51fb\u5012\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u65b9\u5b9e\u5728\u7f16\u52a1\u65b9\u9762\u4e00\u76f4\u4eb2\u529b\u4eb2\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n

2006\u5e74\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u6b63\u88ab\u65f6\u4efb\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u80e1\u9526\u6d9b\u6388\u4e88\u56fd\u5bb6\u6700\u9ad8\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u5956\u3002\u5728\u4e16\u4ee3\u4ee5\u8bfb\u4e66\u4e3a\u4eba\u751f\u6700\u4f73\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u53f6\u5bb6\uff0c\u7b03\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u5144\u5f1f\u7684\u9a84\u50b2\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c14\u8c61\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5960\u57fa\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u6b63\u7684\u601d\u8003\u5e76\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u4e13\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u3002\u665a\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u7231\u770b\u4e5d\u5f1f\u64cd\u6301\u7684\u300a\u708e\u9ec4\u6625\u79cb\u300b\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u53f6\u7b03\u6b63\u60f3\u8ddf\u674e\u9510\u804a\u5929\uff0c\u4f84\u5973\u53f6\u7ef4\u4e3d\u966a\u540c\u3002\u53f6\u6c0f\u53d4\u4f84\u521a\u8fdb\u95e8\uff0c\u674e\u9510\u5c31\u6307\u7740\u53f6\u7b03\u6b63\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u662f\u5929\u8db3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u7f20\u8fc7\u8db3\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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