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class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">2<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\"><\/section>\n<section 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class=\"\"><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u52a0\u4eb2\u534e\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8bdd\u5f97\u8bf4\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u6218\u65f6\u601d\u8def\u53d8\u5f97\u7d0a\u4e71\u7684\u7684\u5b9e\u85e4\u60e0\u79c0\u5e76\u975e\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e00\u822c\u89c1\u8bc6\u3002\u4ed6\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u9752\u5e74\u8fdb\u6b65\u4eba\u58eb\u7af9\u5185\u597d\u3001\u6b66\u7530\u6cf0\u6df3\u3001\u589e\u7530\u6d89\u3001\u5343\u7530\u4e5d\u4e00\u3001\u5188\u5d0e\u4fca\u592b\u7b49\u4eba\u57281934\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u4ee5\u5916\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u70ed\u7231\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u4e2d\u575a\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\u65f6\uff0c\u7af9\u5185\uff081910-1977\uff09\u548c\u6b66\u7530\uff081912-1976\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u4e1c\u4eac\u5e1d\u5927\u6587\u5b66\u9662\u201c\u652f\u90a3\u6587\u5b66\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u5b9e\u85e4\u6bd4\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e74\u957f\u5341\u591a\u5c81\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u65e9\u7a3b\u7530\u5927\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u7684\u6559\u6388\uff1b\u65e5\u672c\u793e\u4f1a\u91cd\u89c6\u8f88\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f53\u5185\u5b9e\u85e4\u5907\u53d7\u5c0a\u5d07\u3002\u7af9\u5185\u597d\u5bf9\u5b9e\u85e4\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u751a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\u66fe\u8fd9\u6837\u8bb0\u8ff0\uff1a\u6bcf\u6b21\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u7684\u4f8b\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b9e\u85e4\u603b\u662f\u8c08\u8bba\u4e2d\u65e5\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u53f2\u6599\uff0c\u201c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u9e21\u6bdb\u849c\u76ae\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ed6\u90fd\u6d25\u6d25\u4e50\u9053\u3002\u4e8b\u65e0\u5927\u5c0f\u4ed6\u90fd\u77e5\u5f97\u4e00\u6e05\u4e8c\u695a\uff0c\u6bcf\u6bcf\u52a8\u4eba\u5fc3\u5f26\uff0c 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class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">4<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\"><\/section>\n<section 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class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">5<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\"><\/section>\n<section class=\"\"><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><strong>\u5bf9\u9493\u9c7c\u5c9b\u4e3b\u6743\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u7acb\u573a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u85e4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u5386\u53f2\u9057\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u62b1\u7740\u5b9e\u4e8b\u6c42\u662f\u3001\u660e\u8fa8\u662f\u975e\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u62a5\u544a\u6211\u548c\u5b9e\u85e4\u5171\u540c\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f80\u4e8b\u30021970\u5e74\u672b\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u653b\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u66fe\u4e0e\u666e\u5927\u4e2d\u56fd\u540c\u5b66\u6c88\u5e73\u3001\u674e\u5fb7\u88d5\u7b49\u7387\u5148\u53d1\u8d77\u4fdd\u536b\u9493\u9c7c\u53f0\u5217\u5c9b\u4e3b\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u4fdd\u9493\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6025\u5148\u950b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u6025\u5148\u950b\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u653b\u8bfb\u65e5\u672c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u7531\u6211\u8d1f\u8d23\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u5206\u6790\u65e5\u672c\u65b9\u9762\u8a00\u8bba\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5341\u5206\u8270\u5de8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u5927\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5f88\u5c11\u6536\u85cf\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5f53\u65f6\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u56fe\u4e66\u548c\u8bba\u6587\u503c\u5f97\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f53\u65f6\u7559\u7f8e\u7684\u534e\u88d4\u5e08\u53cb\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u5b66\u7406\u5de5\u7684\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u4eba\u653b\u8bfb\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u66f4\u5c11\u4eba\u7814\u4e60\u65e5\u672c\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u5316\u3002\u6211\u611f\u5230\u5b64\u72ec\u65e0\u52a9\uff0c\u53ea\u5f97\u5411\u65e5\u672c\u5e08\u53cb\u6c42\u52a9\u3002\u5b9e\u85e4\u53cd\u5e94\u6700\u5feb\uff0c\u4e5f\u6700\u70ed\u70c8\u3002\u4ed6\u5148\u540e\u591a\u6b21\u5bc4\u6765\u5927\u6279\u65e5\u6587\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u51b2\u7ef3\u53bf\u7f16\u5370\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u5185\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u5165\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u85e4\u7ed9\u6211\u7684\u4fe1\u51fd\u6bcf\u6bcf\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4ed6\u7231\u4ed6\u7684\u7956\u56fd\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u4e5f\u7231\u771f\u7406\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9493\u9c7c\u5c9b\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u4e2d\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u7406\u667a\u5730\u534f\u5546\u89e3\u51b3\uff1b\u4e92\u76f8\u7406\u89e3\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u7406\u636e\u5c31\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5411\u5bf9\u65b9\u9690\u7792\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u7ebd\u7ea6\u56fd\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u793e\u793e\u957f\u9ec4\u517b\u5fd7\u5148\u751f\u548c\u6211\u5229\u7528\u5b9e\u85e4\u5bc4\u6765\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5199\u6210\u51e0\u7bc7\u957f\u6587\uff0c\u4ea4\u9999\u6e2f\u300a\u660e\u62a5\u6708\u520a\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u300a\u9493\u9c7c\u53f0\u5343\u4e07\u6389\u4e0d\u5f97\uff01\u300b\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8001\u4fdd\u9493\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bfb\u6765\u4ee4\u4eba\u52a8\u5bb9\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u201d\u6211\u4eec\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u5171\u64b0\u7684\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u4e3a\u8c0b\u593a\u6211\u9493\u9c7c\u53f0\u505a\u4e86\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u624b\u811a\uff1f\u300b\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u88ab\u9999\u6e2f\u660e\u62a5\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u548c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u56fd\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u793e\u591a\u6b21\u91cd\u5370\uff0c\u4ee5\u5355\u884c\u672c\u65b9\u5f0f\u514d\u8d39\u53d1\u884c\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u6210\u4e3a\u6d77\u5185\u5916\u7b2c\u4e00\u6ce2\u4fdd\u9493\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5411\u65e5\u672c\u4f20\u9001\u6211\u4eec\u4fdd\u9493\u7684\u7406\u636e\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u56fd\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u793e\u6307\u793a\u6211\u7528\u65e5\u6587\u8d77\u8349\u4e00\u5c01\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\uff0c\u53d1\u7ed9\u5168\u4f53\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u9ad8\u5c42\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u4e3b\u8981\u5a92\u4f53\uff0c\u9648\u8ff0\u4e2d\u65b9\u7ef4\u6743\u7406\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u53cd\u9a73\u65e5\u65b9\u8c0b\u593a\u9493\u9c7c\u53f0\u5217\u5c9b\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u9047\u6709\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u59d3\u540d\u6216\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u8be6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4fbf\u62dc\u6258\u5b9e\u85e4\u5728\u4e1c\u4eac\u67e5\u660e\u540e\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u7a77\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7ed9\u4ed6\u6c47\u94b1\u507f\u8fd8\u90ae\u8d39\u4ea4\u901a\u6742\u8d39\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ecb\u6000\u3002\u5b9e\u85e4\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u6b23\u7136\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u6089\u529b\u4ee5\u8d74\u3002\u5b9e\u85e4\u5982\u6b64\u89c1\u4e49\u52c7\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e2e\u7406\u4e0d\u5e2e\u4eb2\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e0e\u6211\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c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class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">6<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\"><\/section>\n<section class=\"\"><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><strong>\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7559\u5b66\u65e5\u672c\u53f2\u300b\u3001\u201c\u5927\u6cb3\u5185\u6587\u4e66\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u85e4\u60e0\u79c0\u6700\u4e3a\u4eba\u79f0\u9053\u7684\u62d3\u8352\u4e1a\u7ee9\u662f\u64b0\u5199\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7559\u5b66\u65e5\u672c\u53f2\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u5927\u4e66\u7531\u4e1c\u4eac\u9ed1\u6f6e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u57281960\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5b9e\u85e4\u5448\u4ea4\u65e9\u7a3b\u7530\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u4fee\u8ba2\u672c\u3002\u6797\u542f\u5f66\u5148\u751f\u548c\u6211\u5171\u64b0\u7684\u300a\u8bd1\u5e8f\u300b\u8fd9\u6837\u8bc4\u4ecb\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\uff1a\u201c\u300a\u7559\u65e5\u53f2\u300b\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7559\u65e5\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u65e5\u8bb0\u3001\u4e66\u4fe1\u3001\u8457\u8bd1\u4e66\u520a\u3001\u53e3\u8ff0\u53f2\u6599\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u65e5\u6587\u516c\u79c1\u6863\u6848\u6587\u724d\u7b49\uff0c\u8be6\u8ff01896\u5e74\u81f31937\u5e74\u95f4\u7559\u5b66\u65e5\u672c\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7f18\u8d77\u548c\u6f14\u53d8\u3001\u7559\u65e5\u5b66\u751f\u5c31\u8bfb\u5b66\u6821\u79cd\u7c7b\u53ca\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ea6\u8bba\u53ca\u6e05\u672b\u4ee5\u6765\u7559\u65e5\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u53c8\u53e6\u7acb\u4e13\u7ae0\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u7559\u65e5\u5b66\u751f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6b64\u4e66\u4e0d\u4f46\u53d6\u6750\u5e7f\u535a\uff0c\u7acb\u8bba\u4ea6\u9887\u5e73\u5b9e\u5ba2\u89c2\uff0c\u6545\u9762\u4e16\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5907\u53d7\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c 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class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\">8<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section class=\"\"><\/section>\n<section class=\"\"><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><strong>\u7ed3\u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u85e4\u60e0\u79c0\u80f8\u6000\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u9762\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e2d\u65e5\u53cb\u8c0a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e3a\u5df1\u4efb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eb2\u534e\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5728\u6218\u524d\u6216\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u7b56\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u9a70\uff0c\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u5f02\u89c1\u4efd\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u8feb\u6e38\u79bb\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u4e0a\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u7ecf\u5e38\u611f\u5230\u5bc2\u5bde\u3001\u65e0\u5948\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5b9e\u85e4\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b64\u72ec\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5177\u5907\u826f\u77e5\u826f\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u672a\u80fd\u638c\u63e1\u8bdd\u8bed\u6743\u7684\u6c89\u9ed8\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u9769\u5341\u5e74\u52a8\u4e71\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u9ed1\u767d\u98a0\u5012\u7d0a\u4e71\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u4fb5\u534e\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u91cc\u5b9e\u85e4\u548c\u7af9\u5185\u597d\u7b49\u4eba\u88ab\u6307\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u725b\u9b3c\u86c7\u795e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u9b3c\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u81ea\u6709\u516c\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.517japan.com\/upload\/img\/20210103\/7c186da2d82d607050075970db0055f8.jpg\" alt=\"\u5b9e\u85e4\u60e0\u79c0\uff1a\u81ea\u7701\u7684\u5b66\u4eba\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8be4\u53cb\" 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\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u4e2d\u65e5\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b0\u5929\u5730\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u7559\u65e5\u53f2\u300b\u5e76\u975e\u5341\u5168\u5341\u7f8e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4fee\u6b63\u589e\u8865\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u559c\u7684\u662f\u7ee7\u5b9e\u85e4\u5148\u751f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u7ec6\u5bc6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5c81\u6708\uff0c\u5c06\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u5b66\u672f\u7855\u679c\u9646\u7eed\u9762\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u85e4\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5f17\u89c6\u7684\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u65e5\u672c\u53f2\u6743\u5a01\u53ca\u4e2d\u65e5\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5148\u884c\u8005Marius B. Jansen\u6559\u6388\uff08\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u4e0e\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u7b49\u4e66\u8457\u8005\uff09\uff0c\u4e0e\u5b9e\u85e4\u76f8\u4ea4\u751a\u7b03\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u5c31\u4e2d\u65e5\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u4ea4\u6362\u53f2\u6599\u548c\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u6211\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u573a\u5408\u90fd\u542c\u5230Jansen\u6559\u6388\u5766\u8a00\u53d7\u5b9e\u85e4\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u4e0e\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u4efb\u8fbe\uff08Douglas R. Reynolds\uff09\u548cCarol T. Reynolds\u90fd\u79f0\u8a89\u5b9e\u85e4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u65e5\u6587\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5148\u884c\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fe9\u5728\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u548c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5408\u8457\u4e2d\u90fd\u6df1\u53d7\u5b9e\u85e4\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66Santa Barbara\u5206\u6821\u6559\u6388\u5085\u4f5b\u679c\uff08Joshua A. 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