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<\/p>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5927\u8427\u6761\u7206\u53d1\uff0c1931\u5e74\u4fbf\u6ce2\u53ca\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u5c40\u52a8\u8361\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u5982\u5fb7\u56fd\u6216\u7f8e\u56fd\u90a3\u4e48\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u8427\u6761\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u66f4\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u8427\u6761\u9020\u6210\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u575b\u7684\u6495\u88c2<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5373\u4f7f\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u90fd\u5df2\u653e\u4efb\u672c\u56fd\u8d27\u5e01\u8d2c\u503c\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4f9d\u7136\u56e0\u4e3a\u62c5\u5fc3\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u800c\u62d2\u7edd\u8ba9\u6cd5\u90ce\u8d2c\u503c\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u51fa\u53e3\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9a\u4ef7\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u840e\u7f29\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5e02\u573a\u6240\u80fd\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u800c\u65e0\u4eba\u95ee\u6d25\u3002<\/p>\n

\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e00\u7b79\u83ab\u5c55\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e09\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u653f\u5c40\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e5f\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u57281932\u5e746\u6708\u81f31934\u5e742\u6708\u5c31\u6362\u4e86\u516d\u5c4a\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u6c11\u4f17\u4e2d\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u53cd\u8bae\u4f1a\u60c5\u7eea\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u60c5\u7eea\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u81ea\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8054\u76df\u201d\u7684\u53cd\u8bae\u4f1a\u53f3\u7ffc\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u8054\u76df\u201d\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6ce2\u62ff\u5df4\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5e03\u6717\u70ed\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u5f53\u65f6\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u6cd5\u519b\u4e8b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u58f0\u79f0\u5b83\u4eec\u8c34\u8d23\u7684\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u65e0\u80fd\u548c\u8150\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n

1934\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u53eb\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u65af\u5854\u7ef4\u65af\u57fa(Alexandre Stavisky)\u7684\u6d3e\u5934\u5341\u8db3\u7684\u9a97\u5b50\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u4e11\u95fb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u201c\u8054\u76df\u201d\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u654c\u89c6\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u201c\u8054\u76df\u201d\u6380\u8d77\u7684\u8857\u5934\u9a9a\u52a8\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5177\u6709\u5a01\u80c1\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

1934\u5e742\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u4e0e\u8bae\u4f1a\u9694\u6cb3\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u534f\u548c\u5e7f\u573a(Place de la Concorde)\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u793a\u5a01\u6e38\u884c\u5c06\u9a9a\u4e71\u63a8\u5411\u9ad8\u6f6e\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4eba\u4eec\u5f97\u77e5\uff0c\u9000\u4f0d\u8001\u5175\u548c\u201c\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u884c\u52a8\u201d\u7b49\u957f\u671f\u53cd\u5171\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e5f\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u8fd9\u573a\u201c\u65af\u5854\u7ef4\u65af\u57fa\u9a9a\u4e71\u201d\u3002\u9a9a\u4e71\u9010\u6e10\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u8b66\u5bdf\u5f00\u67aa\u6253\u6b7b\u4e8614\u540d\u793a\u5a01\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u81ea1871\u5e74\u5df4\u9ece\u516c\u793e\u4ee5\u6765\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u8fbe\u62c9\u7b2c\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u4e2d\u5de6\u7ffc\u653f\u5e9c\u5f15\u548e\u8f9e\u804c\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\u52a0\u65af\u4e1c\u00b7\u675c\u6885\u683c(Gaston Doumergue)\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u56e2\u7ed3\u201d\u53f3\u7ffc\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u66f4\u8fed\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u591a\u6570\u515a\u7684\u8f74\u5fc3\u4e2d\u95f4\u6d3e\u6fc0\u8fdb\u515a\uff08\u8fbe\u62c9\u7b2c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u515a)\u611f\u5230\u6050\u614c,\u7531\u652f\u6301\u5de6\u7ffc\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u515a)\u8f6c\u800c\u652f\u6301\u53f3\u7ffc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e24\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7531\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u652f\u6301\u7684\u53f3\u7ffc\u8054\u5408\u653f\u5e9c\u6267\u653f\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u8054\u76df\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u58ee\u5927\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u865a\u534e\u8f9e\u85fb\u4f9d\u7136\u5177\u6709\u717d\u52a8\u6027\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u662f\u5fb7\u00b7\u62c9\u00b7\u7f57\u514b(de la Rocque)\u4e0a\u6821\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u201c\u706b\u5341\u5b57\u56e2\u201d(Croix de Feu)\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u574f\u75bd\u201d\u5927\u52a0\u8c34\u8d23\uff0c\u8fd8\u5a01\u80c1\u8bf4\u5982\u679c\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u884c\u52a8\u8be5\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u201d\uff0c\u5c4a\u65f6\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u4f1a\u593a\u53d6\u653f\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u5206\u6b67\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u5de6\u7ffc\u628a1934\u5e742\u67086\u65e5\u7684\u9a9a\u4e71\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u573a\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u653f\u53d8\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u8054\u76df\u201d\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u8bd5\u56fe\u593a\u53d6\u653f\u6743\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u56fd\u9645\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u62c5\u5fc3\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u524d\u4e00\u5e74\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0a\u53f0\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u6cd5\u56fd\u53d1\u751f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u548c\u6cd5\u5171\u4e8e1934\u5e747\u6708\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u8054\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8fd9\u4ee3\u8868\u6cd5\u5171\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u524d\u62d2\u7edd\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u515a\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u9664\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u5728\u4e00\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u79f0\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u662f\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5455\u5410\u7269\u201d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5ba3\u79f0\u5df2\u7ecf\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u8981\u4fdd\u536b\u6c11\u4e3b\u5171\u548c\u5236\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u9769\u547d\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u53d7\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u634d\u536b\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u9ad8\u5531\u300a\u9a6c\u8d5b\u66f2\u300b\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u5531\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u6b4c\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u653f\u7b56\u8f6c\u53d8\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u6307\u793a\u7684\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5bf9\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u4e0a\u53f0\u611f\u5230\u60ca\u6050\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u7ed3\u76df\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u4ed6\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u6cd5\u5171\u80fd\u62e5\u62a4\u6cd5\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u52a8\u6cd5\u82cf\u7f14\u7ed3\u519b\u4e8b\u540c\u76df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52301935\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u5171\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u4e2d\u95f4\u6d3e\u6fc0\u8fdb\u515a\u4e5f\u7eb3\u5165\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u7ed3\u6210\u7684\u8054\u76df\u4e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5bfb\u6c42\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8054\u76df\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u5728\u675c\u6885\u683c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u90e8\u957f\u662f\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u653f\u515a\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u5bf9\u201c\u8054\u76df\u201d\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u611f\u5230\u6050\u614c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4e0b\u91ce\u7684\u8fbe\u62c9\u7b2c\u4e5f\u60f3\u5c312\u67086\u65e5\u9a9a\u4e71\u8fdb\u884c\u62a5\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n

1936\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u79bb\u5f00\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u52a0\u5165\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u4e5f\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u6df1\u53d7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5927\u8427\u6761\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u9009\u6c11\u3002\u57281936\u5e745\u6708\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5de6\u7ffc\u8054\u5408\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6700\u591a\u7684\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u83b1\u6602\u00b7\u5e03\u9c81\u59c6\uff08L\u00e9on Blum)\u6210\u4e3a\u6cd5\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u603b\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u5171\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u515a\u6d3e\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\u4ece10\u4eba\u589e\u52a0\u523072\u4eba\u30026\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u83b7\u80dc\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7f62\u5de5\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4fbf\u5e2d\u5377\u800c\u6765\u3002\u4ec51936\u5e746\u6708\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc71.2\u4e07\u8d77\u7f62\u5de5\uff0c\u8fd1200\u4e07\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\u3002\u66f4\u5177\u620f\u5267\u6027\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f62\u5de5\u4e2d\u6709\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u662f\u5360\u9886\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u662f\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u96c7\u4e3b\u540c\u610f\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u8d44\u5e76\u7b54\u5e94\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u6743\u529b\u5145\u5206\u8ba4\u53ef\u540e\uff0c\u7f62\u5de5\u624d\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c06\u6bcf\u5468\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u51cf\u5c11\u523040\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u884c\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\u4e24\u5468\u5e26\u85aa\u5047\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u56e0\u4e3a\u9009\u4e3e\u5931\u8d25\u800c\u75db\u82e6\u4e07\u5206\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u575a\u4fe1\u6cd5\u56fd\u5373\u5c06\u7206\u53d1\u4e00\u573a\u7531\u6cd5\u5171\u717d\u52a8\u7684\u9769\u547d\u30021936\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u5f53\u519b\u961f\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u4e94\u4e2a\u6708\u524d\u8d62\u5f97\u5927\u9009\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u653f\u5e9c\u624b\u4e2d\u593a\u53d6\u653f\u6743\u65f6\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5185\u6218\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8d70\u4e0a\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u5417?<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5927\u8427\u6761\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218<\/p>\n

1936\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u9a6c\u8d5b(Marseilles\uff09\u4e3b\u6559\u51c6\u5907\u758f\u6563\u4fee\u5973\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u53d1\u751f\u6d41\u8840\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u5f17\u6717\u7d22\u74e6\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u6e29\u5fb7\u5c14(Frangois de Wendel)\u63a5\u5230\u96c7\u4e3b\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u53d1\u6765\u7684\u7535\u62a5\uff0c\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5171\u7684\u593a\u6743\u8ba1\u5212\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u7684\u963b\u6320\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u540e\u6765\u63d0\u51fa\u8bc1\u636e\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c1936\u5e74\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\u8fd8\u7b97\u4e0d\u4e0a\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e3e\u884c\u7f62\u5de5\u7684\u4eba\u559c\u6c14\u6d0b\u6d0b\uff0c\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u66b4\u529b\uff0c1936\u5e74\u6cd5\u5171\u6700\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u9769\u547d\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u7f62\u5de5\u4e2d\u660e\u663e\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u7f13\u548c\u4f5c\u7528)\u3002\u4f46\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u5bf9\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u793a\u5a01\u6e38\u884c\u548c\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u5360\u9886\u611f\u5230\u9707\u60ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u5012\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e3a\u5947\u3002<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7f62\u5de5\u57281936\u5e747\u6708\u521d\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e24\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u4f9d\u7136\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u7f62\u5de5\u9891\u7e41\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u603b\u5de5\u4f1a\uff08CGT)\u7684\u4f1a\u5458\u4eba\u6570\u4ece1935\u5e74\u7684\u7ea675\u4e07\u4eba\u589e\u52a0\u52301937\u5e74\u521d\u7684\u7ea6400\u4e07\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u4f46\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u660e\u663e\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u5f00\u59cb\u91c7\u53d6\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u89e3\u6563\u4e86\u201c\u8054\u76df\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u201c\u706b\u5341\u5b57\u56e2\u201d\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u91cd\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6210\u5458\u589e\u52a0\u5230100\u591a\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6cd5\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u653f\u515a\u3002\u524d\u5171\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u96c5\u514b\u00b7\u591a\u91cc\u5965\u7279(Jacques Doriot)\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u56fd\u5f0f\u7684\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u5373\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u3002\u52301936\u5e74\u79cb\uff0c\u8be5\u515a\u5df2\u62e5\u6709\u4e8610\u4e07\u540d\u515a\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u53f3\u7ffc\u5206\u5b50\u751a\u81f3\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8499\u5934\u6597\u7bf7\u201d(Cagoule)\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u9635\u8425\u30021936\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u70b8\u6bc1\u4e86\u96c7\u4e3b\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u603b\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52301937\u5e74\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u6c14\u6570\u5df2\u8870\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5df2\u6349\u895f\u89c1\u8098\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u91cd\u6574\u519b\u5907\u7b79\u63aa\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u654c\u610f\uff0c\u7b79\u63aa\u8d44\u91d1\u8c08\u4f55\u5bb9\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u8d44\u672c\u5916\u6d41\uff0c\u5de6\u7ffc\u4eba\u58eb\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u654c\u610f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5e03\u5362\u59c6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0a\u53f0\u624d\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u57281937\u5e746\u6708\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u57ae\u53f0\u4e86\u3002\u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c4a\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6539\u5934\u6362\u9762\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u8054\u5408\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fd8\u662f\u7531\u6cd5\u5171\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u548c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u7684\u8f74\u5fc3\u5df2\u7ecf\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u53f3\u7ffc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u603b\u7406\u662f\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u7684\u5361\u7c73\u8036\u00b7\u8096\u5f53(Camille Chautemps),\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u4ed6\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u575a\u5b9a\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u7ad9\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u653f\u515a\u7684\u53f3\u6d3e\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u7531\u4e8e\u5bb3\u6015\u201c\u8054\u76df\u201d\u624d\u52a0\u5165\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5206\u5b50\u73b0\u5728\u53c8\u5bf91936\u5e74\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\u611f\u5230\u6050\u614c\u3002\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u8131\u79bb\u4e0e\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u8054\u76df\uff08\u5c31\u50cf1934\u5e74\u90a3\u6837)\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u66f4\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u7ed3\u76df\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5373\u4f7f\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u5c48\u6307\u53ef\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u548c\u6050\u60e7\u5374\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8981\u8ba9\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u539f\u8c05\u6216\u8005\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4ed6\u4eec\u57281936\u20141937\u5e74\u95f4\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u7edd\u975e\u6613\u4e8b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6cd5\u5171\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ec7\u6068\u7684\u5219\u662f\u5e03\u9c81\u59c6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u82b1\u82b1\u516c\u5b50\u3001\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u515a\u5458\u548c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u53db\u5f92\uff0c\u5e03\u9c81\u59c6\u62db\u81f4\u4e86\u6700\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u3002\u83ab\u62c9\u65af\u57281935\u5e744\u6708\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u5e03\u9c81\u59c6\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u5f00\u67aa\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bb0\u8005\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5e03\u62c9\u897f\u4e9a\u514b\uff08Robert Brasillach)\u57281939\u5e743\u6708\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5e03\u9c81\u59c6\u88ab\u62c9\u51fa\u53bb\u67aa\u6bd9\u7684\u90a3\u5929\u5c06\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bb6\u6237\u6237\u6b22\u5e86\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u559d\u9999\u69df\u5e86\u795d\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u5e03\u9c81\u59c6\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u53e3\u5934\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u57281936\u5e74\u7684\u7ade\u9009\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8857\u4e0a\u7a81\u7136\u906d\u5230\u6bb4\u6253\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5230\u9700\u8981\u4f4f\u9662\u6cbb\u7597\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u66b4\u529b\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u6781\u70b9\uff0c\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u5185\u6218\u7684\u6c14\u6c1b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5b81\u8981\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5e03\u9c81\u59c6\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u56fd\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u5f00\u59cb\u6ce2\u53ca\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ed3\u76df\u76f8\u5f53\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u5de6\u7ffc\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5b83\u627f\u8bfa\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u89e3\uff0c\u8981\u88c1\u519b\uff0c\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u96c6\u4f53\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u53f3\u7ffc\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u8054\u76df\u7684\u201c\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u519b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u529b\u548c\u540c\u76df\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57281932\u20141934\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u5de6\u7ffc\u653f\u5e9c\u524a\u51cf\u4e86\u56fd\u9632\u5f00\u652f\uff0c\u8fd8\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u5728\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u88c1\u519b\u4f1a\u8bae\uff1b1934\u5e74\u53f3\u7ffc\u91cd\u65b0\u638c\u6743\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u65b0\u4efb\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\u8def\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u5df4\u5c14\u90fd(Louis Barthou)\u4e8e4\u670817\u65e5\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eca\u540e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u53c2\u52a0\u88c1\u519b\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u800c\u4f1a\u5c06\u201c\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u4e3b\u52a8\u5411\u610f\u5927\u5229\u548c\u82cf\u8054\u793a\u597d\u4ee5\u6c42\u7ed3\u76df\u30021934\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u5df4\u5c14\u90fd\u5728\u966a\u540c\u5230\u8bbf\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u56fd\u738b\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u65f6\u906d\u5230\u6697\u6740\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u8d56\u4f10\u5c14\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u8d70\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u8001\u8def\u3002\u8d56\u4f10\u5c14\u5bf9\u4e0e\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7ed3\u76df\u6bd4\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u7ed3\u76df\u8981\u70ed\u60c5\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u963b\u6b62\u4ed6\u57281935\u5e745\u6708\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e92\u52a9\u6761\u7ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u82cf\u8054\u6761\u7ea6\u4e8e1936\u5e741\u6708\u63d0\u4ea4\u8bae\u4f1a\u6279\u51c6\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u8bae\u5458\u90fd\u6295\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u7968\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5171\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u4e0e\u65e5\u4ff1\u589e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e00\u8d2f\u7684\u731c\u7591\u4e5f\u5c31\u6e10\u6e10\u6de1\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u53f3\u7ffc\u5bf9\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u53d1\u751f\u620f\u5267\u6027\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u5de6\u7ffc\u5206\u5b50\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u9002\u5408\u3002\u6cd5\u5171\u65e9\u57281935\u5e74\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u6b23\u7136\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u30021936\u5e74\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6b64\u524d\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u4e00\u76f4\u53cd\u5bf9\u589e\u52a0\u519b\u8d39\u5f00\u652f\uff0c\u83b1\u6602\u00b7\u5e03\u9c81\u59c6\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u662f\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u91cd\u6574\u519b\u5907\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bf41936\u5e74\u540e\u53f3\u7ffc\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u654c\u89c6\u5fb7\u56fd\u8f6c\u800c\u5f00\u59cb\u53cd\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u5de6\u7ffc\u5219\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u672a\u514d\u4e5f\u592a\u7b80\u5355\u4e86\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u53cc\u65b9\u5185\u90e8\u5747\u6709\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5de6\u7ffc\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5de6\u7ffc\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6cd5\u5171\u6beb\u4e0d\u6000\u7591\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0d\u60dc\u4e00\u5207\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6218\u4e89)\u62b5\u6297\u5fb7\u56fd\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u515a\u5458\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u654c\u4eba\u662f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u4e0d\u80fd\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff1b\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u515a\u5458\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ad9\u4e0d\u4f4f\u811a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

1938\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u4e89\u8bba\u51e0\u4e4e\u628a\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u5206\u6210\u4e86\u4e24\u6d3e\uff1a\u8be5\u515a\u9886\u8896\u83b1\u6602\u00b7\u5e03\u9c81\u59c6\u6301\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u526f\u624b\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u798f\u5c14(Paul Faure)\u5219\u6301\u524d\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u56fd\u603b\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u5206\u88c2\uff1a\u5176\u9886\u8896\u83b1\u6602\u00b7\u5112\u5965(L\u00e9on Jouhaux)\u53cd\u5bf9\u7ee5\u9756\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u526f\u624b\u52d2\u5185\u00b7\u8d1d\u6797(Ren\u00e9 Belin)\u5219\u53cd\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6fc0\u8fdb\u515a\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u50cf\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u535a\u5185\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u548c\u53f3\u7ffc\u4e00\u6837\u62c5\u5fc3\u6cd5\u5171\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u52a8\u673a\uff1b\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u50cf\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u79d1\u7279\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c6\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u654c\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u53f3\u7ffc\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u7ee5\u9756\u653f\u7b56\u5df2\u6709\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u6781\u53f3\u7ffc\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u5d07\u62dc\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u4e2d\u53f3\u7ffc\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ca1\u6709\u8c01\u6bd4\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u57c3\u8482\u5b89\u00b7\u5f17\u6717\u4e39\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u66f4\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u79cd\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u5f17\u6717\u4e39\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u89c2\u70b9\u6781\u5176\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u4e2d\u53f3\u7ffc\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u3002\u5f17\u6717\u4e39\u8eab\u4e0a\u7a7f\u7684\u662f\u5728\u8428\u7ef4\u5c14\u8857(Saville Row)\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u897f\u88c5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u5546\u754c\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u754c\u4eba\u8109\u5f88\u5e7f\u30021935\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u77ed\u6682\u51fa\u4efb\u5185\u9601\u603b\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fb7\u56fd\u91cd\u65b0\u5360\u9886\u83b1\u8335\u5170\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u5230\u4f26\u6566\u8fdb\u884c\u6e38\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u82f1\u56fd\u505a\u51fa\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4ed6\u5f53\u65f6\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u7b7e\u8ba2\u6cd5\u82cf\u6761\u7ea6\u3002\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5f17\u6717\u4e39\u6210\u4e3a\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e1c\u6b27\u8131\u79bb\u547c\u58f0\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u60f3\u8ba9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5728\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u81ea\u7531\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

1938\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u4f1a\u8bae\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6cd5\u56fd\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8981\u4e3a\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u800c\u5f00\u6218\uff0c\u5f17\u6717\u4e39\u547d\u4eba\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u5927\u8857\u5c0f\u5df7\u8d34\u6ee1\u4e86\u53cd\u6218\u6d77\u62a5\uff1a\u201c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u88ab\u9a97\u4e86\uff01\u795e\u79d8\u5206\u5b50(\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u6cd5\u5171\u7684\u4ee3\u53f7)\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u6218\u4e89\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u8bbe\u597d\u4e86\u7684\u5708\u5957\u3002\u201d\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u4f1a\u8bae\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5f17\u6717\u4e39\u7ed9\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\uff08\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7b7e\u7f72\u65b9\uff09\u53d1\u4e86\u8d3a\u7535\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f17\u6717\u4e39\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u4e3a\u7531\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5ba3\u79f0\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u5145\u5f53\u6b27\u6d32\u8b66\u5bdf\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4f46\u793e\u4f1a\u6050\u614c\u53c8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u5145\u6ea2\u7684\u60b2\u89c2\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u50cf\u4ed6\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5927\u8427\u6761\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e25\u91cd\u52a8\u6447\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u518d\u4e5f\u627f\u53d7\u4e0d\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u8d1d\u5f53\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u6295\u964d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u515a\u6d3e\u6597\u4e89<\/p>\n

\u6218\u4e89\u4f1a\u6572\u54cd\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u4e27\u949f\uff0c\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5171\u7684\u9769\u547d\u94fa\u5e73\u9053\u8def\u3002\u6cd5\u5171\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6025\u4e8e\u628a\u6cd5\u56fd\u63a8\u5165\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6000\u7591\uff1a\u4fc4\u56fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u6bcd\u5417?\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7126\u8651\u8ba9\u4e00\u4f4d\u8bb0\u8005\u7528\u201c\u5b81\u8981\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5e03\u9c81\u59c6\u201d\u6765\u63cf\u8ff01938\u5e74\u6cd5\u56fd\u53f3\u7ffc\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u201d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u6cd5\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u5f3a\u56fd\u7684\u672a\u6765\u800c\u611f\u5230\u7edd\u671b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u8bbe\u60f3\u6cd5\u56fd\u5c06\u626e\u6f14\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u65e5\u76ca\u6d53\u539a\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u6307\u671b\u610f\u5927\u5229\u80fd\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u8fbe\u6210\u548c\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u6bd4\u535a\u5185\u66f4\u786e\u4fe1\u6cd5\u56fd\u5b9e\u529b\u4e0a\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u4f1a\u8bae\u524d\u540e\u5bf9\u4e00\u4f4d\u8bb0\u8005\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u522b\u518d\u626e\u6f14\u82f1\u96c4\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u4e5f\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e86\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u52a0\u5165\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u3002\u5047\u626e\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u8b66\u5bdf\u201d\u5f53\u7136\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a,\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5c31\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u73a9\u5177\u67aa\u3001\u7eb8\u8d28\u624b\u94d0\u548c\u786c\u7eb8\u677f\u76d1\u72f1\u2026\u2026\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\u50cf1914\u5e74\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u5728\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u641e\u5f97\u53ea\u80fd\u6162\u6162\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8f7b\u7387\u4e4b\u4e3e\u90fd\u5c06\u662f\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u672a\u80fd\u8d62\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4ecd\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u5bf9\u6297\u5fb7\u56fd\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u53cd\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5171\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8499\u853d\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u540c\u82cf\u8054\u7ed3\u76df\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u53f3\u7ffc\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u8054\u76df\u201d(Alliance D\u00e9mocratique)\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u96f7\u8bfa\u5c31\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5f17\u6717\u4e39\uff1b\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u66fc\u5fb7\u5c14\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u52a0\u5165\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u57281917\u5e74\u66fe\u662f\u514b\u5217\u5b5f\u68ad\u7684\u5f97\u529b\u52a9\u624b\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4eab\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u5229\u65af\uff08Henri de K\u00e9rillis)\uff0c\u4ed6\u867d\u4e0d\u662f\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u8bb0\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u57281938\u5e74\u6240\u5199\u7684\u90a3\u6837:\u201c\u6211\u548c\u4f60\u4eec\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u6837\u90fd\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u6781\u4e3a\u53cd\u611f\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u6bd4\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u66f4\u54cd\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

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