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\/><\/p>\n<p>\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u515a\u536b\u519b\u9886\u8896\u5e0c\u59c6\u83b1\u63a5\u89c1\u5f17\u62c9\u7d22\u592b<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea1945\u5e74\u6625\u5929\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u83b7\u51c6\u72ec\u7acb\u884c\u52a8\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u53cd\u5fb7\u60c5\u7eea\u5c31\u6108\u6f14\u6108\u70c8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u5e03\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7434\u79d1\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0e\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u6307\u6325\u90e8\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u65e0\u89c6\u6216\u8d28\u7591\u5176\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5f00\u59cb\u8d28\u7591\u5c06\u8be5\u5e08\u8c03\u5f80\u6ce2\u7f8e\u62c9\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u5ba3\u79f0\u4ed6\u53ea\u670d\u4ece\u5f17\u62c9\u7d22\u592b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6253\u7b97\u5c3d\u5feb\u62b5\u8fbe\u745e\u58eb\u8fb9\u5883\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5411\u76df\u519b\u6295\u964d\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u4e0e\u5fb7\u519b\u91ce\u6218\u5baa\u5175\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u88ad\u51fb\u4e86\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u4ed3\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e08\u5949\u547d\u6467\u6bc1\u5965\u5f97\u6cb3\u4e0a\u7684\u82cf\u519b\u6865\u5934\u5821\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u51fb\u9000\u82cf\u519b\u3002\u5f17\u62c9\u7d22\u592b\u6545\u610f\u8eb2\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u9732\u9762\uff1b\u5e03\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7434\u79d1\u5219\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u670d\u4ece\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u5f17\u62c9\u7d22\u592b\u5c06\u88ab\u89e3\u9664\u6b66\u88c5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u98df\u7269\uff1b\u5e03\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7434\u79d1\u5ba3\u5e03\u5411\u5357\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u5e76\u51c6\u5907\u5728\u5fb7\u519b\u963b\u62e6\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u8fdd\u53cd\u5fb7\u519b\u547d\u4ee4\u76f4\u81f34\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u610f\u5bf9\u82cf\u519b\u53d1\u8d77\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u4ee5\u8865\u5145\u5176\u8865\u7ed9\u3002\u5fb7\u519b\u5143\u5e05\u820d\u5c14\u7eb3\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e0e\u5e03\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7434\u79d1\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u4ed6\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u524d\u7ebf\u5c40\u52bf\uff0c\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u5728\u5904\u7406\u201d\u8be5\u5e08\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\uff0c\u5f17\u62c9\u7d22\u592b\u5728\u5fb7\u519b\u9762\u524d\u8c34\u8d23\u4e86\u5e03\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7434\u79d1\u7684\u4e0d\u670d\u4ece\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u79c1\u4e0b\u8c08\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8d5e\u540c\u5e03\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7434\u79d1\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1945\u5e745\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u4e00\u7fa4\u515a\u536b\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u62d2\u7edd\u5411\u201c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u201d\u51fa\u793a\u8bc1\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u751f\u67aa\u6218\u3002\u5f17\u62c9\u7d22\u592b\u6d3e\u58eb\u5175\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u6253\u6b7b\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\uff0c\u4fd8\u864f\u4e86\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u8d76\u5230\u7684\u5f17\u62c9\u7d22\u592b\u4e0b\u4ee4\u91ca\u653e\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fb7\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u5c06\u519b\u51af\u00b7\u56fe\u6851\u89c9\u5bdf\u5230\u201c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u201d\u5c45\u5fc3\u53f5\u6d4b\uff0c\u5411\u5e03\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7434\u79d1\u53d1\u51fa\u6700\u540e\u901a\u7252\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5e08\u504f\u79bb\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u6307\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5bf9\u8be5\u5e08\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w500_h748_ablur_q90_webp\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2025\/4F5B51B1D2C9DD90C884464F86C3ECD7DD9AF6CE_size92_w500_h748.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5e03\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7434\u79d1\uff08\u53f3\u524d\u4e8c\uff09\u4e0e\u5f17\u62c9\u7d22\u592b\uff08\u53f3\u524d\u4e00\uff09<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u8d77\u4e49<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1945\u5e744\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u76df\u519b\u5df2\u903c\u8fd1\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5931\u8d25\u5728\u5373\u3002\u5728\u5e74\u521d\u7684\u96c5\u5c14\u5854\u534f\u8bae\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e09\u5de8\u5934\u5df2\u7ecf\u5212\u5b9a\u4e86\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u5c06\u4ea4\u7531\u82cf\u519b\u6295\u964d\u3002\u4e3a\u514d\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u843d\u5165\u82cf\u519b\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6377\u514b\u62b5\u6297\u7ec4\u7ec7\u51b3\u5b9a\u53d1\u52a8\u8d77\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1945\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5361\u96f7\u5c14\u00b7\u5e93\u7279\u74e6\u4ec0\u5c14\uff08Karel Kutlva\u0161r\uff09\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u524d\u6377\u514b\u519b\u5b98\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u5730\u4e0b\u6307\u6325\u90e8\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u5e02\u5185\u5916\u7684\u6218\u6597\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u6377\u514b\u5404\u653f\u515a\u4ee3\u8868\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6377\u514b\u56fd\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08\u010cesk\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed rada\uff09\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63a8\u7ffb\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5360\u9886\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u901a\u654c\u5f53\u5c40\u540e\u63a5\u7ba1\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bc4\u5e0c\u671b\u4e8e\u5e02\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u5baa\u5175\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u519b\u4e2d\u6377\u514b\u88d4\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd0\u8f93\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u6d88\u9632\u961f\u7b49\u4eba\u5458\u4ecd\u65e7\u5bf9\u6377\u514b\u524d\u653f\u5e9c\u4fdd\u6301\u5fe0\u8bda\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u5e0c\u671b\u8bf4\u670d\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u6539\u53d8\u7acb\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w500_h661_ablur_q90_webp\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2025\/9E0731981A489E2F22BE23F8F819143C0CA13FEC_size224_w500_h661.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u5c06\u519b\u5361\u96f7\u5c14\u00b7\u5e93\u7279\u74e6\u4ec0\u5c14<\/p>\n<p>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e08\u6b64\u65f6\u9a7b\u624e\u5728\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u57ce\u5916\u3002\u6377\u514b\u4eba\u6d3e\u7279\u4f7f\u62dc\u8bbf\u5176\u5e08\u957f\u8c22\u5c14\u76d6\u00b7\u5e03\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7434\u79d1\u5c06\u519b\uff0c\u529d\u4ed6\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u8d77\u8d77\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u82cf\u8054\u4fd8\u864f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u519b\u5b98\u4eec\u5c31\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e08\u52a0\u5165\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u5f17\u62c9\u7d22\u592b\u4e5f\u53c2\u4e0e\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e08\u548c\u5e03\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7434\u79d1\u652f\u6301\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u5904\u5883\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8be5\u5e08\u7684\u64a4\u9000\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5e03\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7434\u79d1\u51b3\u5b9a\u5b64\u6ce8\u4e00\u63b7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u76df\u519b\u7684\u5e87\u62a4\uff0c\u800c\u534f\u52a9\u6377\u514b\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6377\u514b\u7684\u5e87\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u8eab\u7a7f\u5fb7\u519b\u5236\u670d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ee5\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u767d\u84dd\u7ea2\u4e09\u8272\u65d7\u5e1c\u8868\u793a\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>5\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u6377\u514b\u7535\u53f0\u7684\u65e9\u95f4\u5e7f\u64ad\u6253\u54cd\u4e86\u8fd9\u573a\u8d77\u4e49\u3002\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u5179\u5fb7\u6d85\u514b\u00b7\u66fc\u67e5\u5c14\uff08Zden\u011bk Man\u010dal\uff09\u7528\u5fb7\u8bed\u548c\u6377\u514b\u8bed\u6df7\u5408\u5f00\u573a\uff0c\u8bf4\u4e86\u4e00\u53e5\u201cJe pr\u00e1v\u011b sechs hodin\u201d\uff08\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u516d\u70b9\u6574\uff09\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u53ea\u7528\u6377\u514b\u8bed\u64ad\u62a5\u8282\u76ee\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u7535\u53f0\u53f0\u957f\u5173\u4e8e\u53cc\u8bed\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u5348\u65f6\u5206\uff0c\u53f0\u957f\u8d39\u8fea\u5357\u5fb7\u00b7\u56fe\u5c14\u9ed8\uff08Ferdinand Th\u00fcrmer\uff09\u5c06\u5fb7\u56fd\u58eb\u5175\u53eb\u5230\u7535\u53f0\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4e0e\u6377\u514b\u62b5\u6297\u6218\u58eb\u4ea4\u706b\u3002\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u968f\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u6ce2\u53d1\u51fa\u7d27\u6025\u547c\u53eb\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u547c\u5401\u6377\u514b\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u6377\u514b\u5baa\u5175\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u519b\u961f\u652f\u63f4\u6377\u514b\u7535\u53f0\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w1080_h1590_ablur_q90_webp\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2025\/52A1F15F0D566ABE0BF982F8D2255D958CF61AB1_size286_w1080_h1590.jpg\" 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src=\"https:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w600_h370_q90_webp\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2025\/33BED4C9CE934C66BFF1AFE9D1C36E57CB75740D_size92_w600_h370.png\" 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src=\"https:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w640_h457_q90_webp\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2025\/BA0BA63FFBAC3B4D567DF871586D78F39020F7F2_size65_w640_h457.jpg\" 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src=\"https:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w1080_h548_q90_webp\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2025\/A9A9EC72F0221FF7A9D89DE4E7F84A206FDF127D_size866_w1080_h548.png\" 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src=\"https:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w800_h1024_ablur_q90_webp\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2025\/CF6BF32809599B6C3F6246C58F955F737D656DF8_size399_w800_h1024.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u603b\u7edf\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u8d1d\u5948\u65af<\/p>\n<p>\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u8ba1\u5212\u9a71\u9010\u5883\u5185\u7684\u5fb7\u88d4\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u79cd\u65cf\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u6377\u514b-\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5360\u9886\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6377\u514b\u653f\u5ba2\u4e00\u76f4\u4ece\u4f26\u6566\u5e7f\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u547c\u5401\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5e73\u6c11\u548c\u6d89\u5acc\u6377\u514b\u901a\u654c\u8005\u91c7\u53d6\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u7edf\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u8d1d\u5948\u65af\uff08Edvard Bene\u0161\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u79c1\u5211\u6bd4\u5ba1\u5224\u66f4\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u50ac\u4fc3\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u4eba\u9003\u79bb\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u53bb\u65e5\u540e\u9a71\u9010\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u62b5\u8fbe\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e7f\u64ad\u79f0\u201c\u6240\u6709\u8be5\u6b7b\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u98ce\u66b4\u4e2d\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u706d\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u6566\u4fc3\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7f6a\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u5343\u500d\u590d\u4ec7\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6377\u514b\u5e7f\u64ad\u7535\u53f0\u4e5f\u5728\u717d\u52a8\u66b4\u529b\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u4f20\u64ad\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u53cd\u5fb7\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u717d\u52a8\u4e86\u5bf9\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u4eba\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u56e0\u9488\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u88ab\u8d77\u8bc9\uff0c\u6218\u540e\u6377\u514b\u8bae\u4f1a\u8fd8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u5c06\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w400_h285_q90_webp\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2025\/D3411EB66A60961D397FF8383C944750D714B88B_size34_w400_h285.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w912_h728_q90_webp\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2025\/93EE092F9B65354E2AEFBC1F63FD37B9794D49D4_size99_w912_h728.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u9003\u96be\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u82cf\u53f0\u5fb7\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u4eba<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc73500\u4eba\u6b7b\u4e8e\u8d77\u4e49\u8005\u548c\u5e02\u6c11\u4e4b\u624b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u7ea6\u4e00\u5343\u540d\u5fb7\u56fd\u9a7b\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7c4d\u5e73\u6c11\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5927\u591a\u662f\u82cf\u53f0\u5fb7\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5e73\u68ee\u7279\uff08Robert 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