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\u4e8c<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u82cf\u8054\u9a7b\u65b0\u7586\u603b\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u5927\u95e8\uff0c1940\u5e74<\/p>\n

\u82cf\u8054\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u62c5\u5fc3\u65b0\u7586\u5185\u9644\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u62c5\u5fc3\u5728\u65b0\u7586\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0e\u5176\u5c06\u65b0\u7586\u89c6\u4f5c\u536b\u62a4\u897f\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u53ca\u4e2d\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5c4f\u969c\u6709\u5173\u30021941\u5e744\u670813\u65e5\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u65e0\u89c6\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u7b7e\u8ba2\u300a\u65e5\u82cf\u4e2d\u7acb\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e2d\u65ad\u4e86\u5bf9\u534e\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u4e2d\u82cf\u90a6\u4ea4\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u521b\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u8054\u7cfb\u5374\u8d8a\u53d1\u7d27\u5bc6\u30021941\u5e744\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u5ba3\u5e03\u7acb\u5373\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e2d\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\uff1a\u201c\u5df2\u6838\u51c6\u4ee5\u82e5\u5e72\u73b0\u6709\u4e4b\u519b\u706b\u8f6c\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u73b0\u5df2\u53ef\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u5236\u9020\u5546\u5b9a\u9020\u65b0\u519b\u706b\uff0c\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u201d[22]25\u65e5\uff0c\u53c8\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e94\u5343\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u5e73\u51c6\u57fa\u91d1\u501f\u6b3e\uff0c1942\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u519b\u4e2d\u5c06\u53f2\u8fea\u5a01\u51fa\u4efb\u76df\u519b\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u533a\u53c2\u8c0b\u957f\u517c\u4e2d\u7f05\u5370\u6218\u533a\u7f8e\u519b\u53f8\u4ee4\uff0c\u540c\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u540c\u610f\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e94\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u8d22\u653f\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c6\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u7b7e\u7f72\u62b5\u6297\u4fb5\u7565\u4e92\u52a9\u534f\u5b9a\u3002[23]\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u897f\u8fdb\u65b0\u7586\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u53cd\u6cd5\u897f\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u82cf\u5e76\u80a9\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u4e8e\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5929\u7136\u9e3f\u6c9f\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u59cb\u7ec8\u6df1\u5177\u6212\u5fc3\u3002[24]<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u62c5\u5fc3\u5e76\u975e\u591a\u4f59\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u65b0\u7586\u77ff\u85cf\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u5730\u5904\u6b27\u4e9a\u67a2\u7ebd\uff0c\u6218\u7565\u5730\u4f4d\u6781\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u65b0\u7586\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u786e\u662f\u4e0e\u65e5\u4ff1\u589e\u30021942\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u7279\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u5a01\u5c14\u57fa\u4ee5\u65b0\u7586\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u8bbf\u534e\u7684\u4e00\u7ad9\u300210\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u8fdc\u4e1c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5c40\u7684\u5e84\u83b1\u5fb7\uff08Drumright\uff09\u5728\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u4e2d\u5199\u5230\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f8e\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u65b0\u7586\u6ca1\u6709\u4fa8\u6c11\u548c\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u4e9a\u9762\u4e34\u8f74\u5fc3\u56fd\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u6d3e\u5458\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u89c2\u5bdf\u8f74\u5fc3\u56fd\u7684\u52a8\u5411\uff0c\u5e76\u8003\u5bdf\u4e2d\u4e9a\u7684\u5730\u7406\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002[25]\u540c\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6218\u7565\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40\u6d3e\u6d77\u519b\u4e2d\u6821\u6885\u4e50\u65af\uff08Miles\uff09\u4e3a\u9a7b\u534e\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u6885\u4e50\u65af\u5219\u63d0\u51fa\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u62c9\u8428\u3001\u8fea\u5316\u8bbe\u7acb\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u3002[26]\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e9\u5c31\u53d7\u5230\u8c0b\u6c42\u5728\u65b0\u7586\u4ee5\u7f8e\u82f1\u52bf\u529b\u5236\u8861\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\u3002[27]\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5fc3\u77e5\u809a\u660e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u5927\u4f7f\u9ad8\u65af\u5728\u7ed9\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u8fea\u5316\u6709\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u5b98\u5458\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u6d3e\u9a7b\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6218\u7565\u3002[28]\u9274\u4e8e\u65b0\u7586\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f88\u5feb\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u30021943\u5e744\u670819\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u4e8c\u7b49\u79d8\u4e66\u67ef\u4e50\u535a\uff08Clubb\uff09\u5c31\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u8fea\u5316\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u9996\u4efb\u9886\u4e8b\uff0c[29]\u8fd9\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u65b0\u7586\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u52a0\u7d27\u4e86\u5bf9\u76db\u6c0f\u7684\u7b3c\u7edc\u548c\u5bf9\u65b0\u7586\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u30021943\u5e747\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u4f55\u5e94\u94a6\u5411\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u9012\u4ea4\u4e86\u300a\u6536\u590d\u65b0\u7586\u4e3b\u6743\u65b9\u7565\u300b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4e3a\u5de9\u56fa\u897f\u5317\u8fb9\u9632\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u4e58\u6b64\u4e2d\u82cf\u540c\u76df\u4e4b\u65f6\u673a\uff0c\u6536\u590d\u65b0\u7701\u4e3b\u6743\u3002\u201d[30]16\u65e5\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u53ec\u89c1\u6f58\u53cb\u65b0\uff0c\u544a\u4e4b\uff1a\u201c\u51e1\u6709\u5173\u65b0\u7586\u7701\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u6df1\u76fc\u80fd\u7531\u8d35\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u655d\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u6d3d\u5546\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u4e0e\u65b0\u7586\u7701\u5f53\u5c40\u8ff3\u884c\u4ea4\u6d89\u3002\u201d[31]8\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u5b8b\u7f8e\u9f84\u4f5c\u4e3a\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u7684\u5168\u6743\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5728\u6731\u7ecd\u826f\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u966a\u540c\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d74\u8fea\u5316\u5ba3\u6170\u3002[32]\u5bf9\u5b8b\u7f8e\u9f84\u7684\u6765\u65b0\uff0c\u76db\u4e16\u624d\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5c06\u77e2\u5fd7\u62e5\u62a4\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u5c3d\u5fe0\u515a\u56fd\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u670d\u4ece\u9886\u8896\u3002[33]9\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u5434\u6cfd\u6e58\u51fa\u4efb\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u9a7b\u65b0\u7586\u7279\u6d3e\u5458\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u65b0\u7586\u5916\u4ea4\uff0c\u65b0\u7586\u8bbe\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u4e94\u9886\u9986[34]\u4e5f\u88ab\u6536\u5f52\u4e2d\u592e\u300211\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u76db\u4e16\u624d\u88ab\u4efb\u4e3a\u7b2c\u516b\u6218\u533a\u526f\u53f8\u4ee4\u957f\u5b98\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u65b0\u7586\u7684\u5185\u653f\u5916\u4ea4\u90fd\u5df2\u5f52\u5c5e\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u76db\u4e16\u624d\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u6276\u6301\u4e0b\u5efa\u6210\u7684\u88c5\u7532\u90e8\u961f<\/p>\n

\u76db\u4e16\u624d\u5141\u51c6\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u515a\u653f\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u65b0\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u4ed6\u201c\u65b0\u7586\u738b\u201d\u5730\u4f4d\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u66fe\u52c9\u5f3a\u7b54\u5e94\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u5165\u65b0\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u591a\u65b9\u52a0\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u3002[35]\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u76db\u4e5f\u62c5\u5fc3\u9a7b\u54c8\u5bc6\u7684\u7ea2\u516b\u56e2\u4f1a\u5a01\u80c1\u4ed6\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee51942\u5e7410\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5411\u82cf\u8054\u65b0\u4efb\u9a7b\u8fea\u5316\u603b\u9886\u4e8b\u666e\u5f0f\u8d53\u9012\u4ea4\u4e00\u4efd\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u9664\u5916\u4ea4\u4eba\u5458\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u987b\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u79bb\u5f00\u65b0\u7586\u3002\u636e\u76db\u4e16\u624d\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u8d77\u521d\u5e76\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5f3a\u786c\u7684\u4ea4\u6d89\u540e\uff0c11\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u666e\u5f0f\u8d53\u8f6c\u8fbe\u4e86\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u6700\u540e\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u82cf\u4fc4\u987e\u95ee\u3001\u4e13\u5bb6\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u4eba\u5458\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u5c06\u5728\u9650\u671f\u5185\u56de\u56fd\u3002[36]<\/p>\n

\u4e09<\/p>\n

\u82cf\u8054\u4ece\u65b0\u7586\u64a4\u51fa\u519b\u961f\u548c\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6253\u7b97\u5f7b\u5e95\u9000\u51fa\u65b0\u7586\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8feb\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u65f6\u5c40\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u6240\u9690\u5fcd\u30021942\u5e747\u6708\u81f31943\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u897f\u7ebf\u6218\u4e8b\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u4e0d\u613f\u591a\u751f\u4e8b\u7aef\uff0c\u66f4\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u62c5\u5fc3\u65e5\u672c\u8fdb\u653b\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8179\u80cc\u53d7\u654c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u62d6\u4f4f\u65e5\u672c\u3002[37]<\/p>\n

\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u65b0\u7586\u6709\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u6218\u7565\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u6b32\u4ed6\u4eba\u67d3\u6307\uff0c\u5bf9\u76db\u4e16\u624d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8f6c\u5411\u3001\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8fdb\u5165\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5927\u611f\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002[38]1943\u5e745\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u8054\u5171\uff08\u5e03\uff09\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u4f1a\u8bae\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u76db\u4e16\u624d\u5931\u53bb\u5728\u65b0\u7586\u7684\u6743\u52bf\u201d\uff0c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u201c\u5fe0\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u65b0\u7586\u571f\u8457\u5c45\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u6765\u638c\u7ba1\u7701\u5185\u653f\u6743\u201d[39]\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9664\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u5916\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u65b0\u7586\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u6d3b\u52a8\u57fa\u672c\u9500\u58f0\u533f\u8ff9\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u4ece\u672a\u505c\u6b62\u5bf9\u65b0\u7586\u7684\u8c0b\u5212\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u5fb7\u4f5c\u6218\u6709\u6240\u6539\u89c2\u540e\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u65b0\u82cf\u8fb9\u754c\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e8b\u7aef\u3002\u636e\u9a7b\u65b0\u7279\u6d3e\u5458\u516c\u7f72\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u81ea1942\u5e7412\u6708\u5e95\u81f31943\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u65b0\u82cf\u8fb9\u754c\u5171\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u6848\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u4e8b\u4ef664\u8d77\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4f0a\u7281\u533a27\u8d77\uff0c\u5854\u57ce\u533a6\u8d77,\u963f\u5c71\u533a16\u8d77\uff0c\u4e09\u5730\u5408\u8ba149\u8d77\uff0c\u5360\u603b\u6570\u768477%\uff0c\u800c\u4f0a\u3001\u5854\u3001\u963f\u4e09\u533a\u6b63\u662f\u540e\u6765\u201c\u4e09\u533a\u9769\u547d\u201d\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u57281943\u5e742\u6708\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u517162\u8d77\uff0c\u5360\u603b\u6570\u768498%\uff0c[40]\u4e5f\u5373\u82cf\u519b\u5728\u65af\u5927\u6797\u683c\u52d2\u53d6\u5f97\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u80dc\u5229\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u89c1\uff0c\u897f\u7ebf\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u6539\u89c2\uff0c\u4f7f\u82cf\u8054\u5f97\u4ee5\u5bf9\u65b0\u7586\u5f53\u5c40\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u62a5\u590d\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u4e89\u7aef\uff0c1943\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u963f\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\u4e4c\u65af\u6ee1[41]\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u53d8\u4e71\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u82cf\u8054\u548c\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u5927\u529b\u652f\u6301\u3002[42]\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5411\u4e4c\u65af\u6ee1\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b66\u5668\u548c\u7cae\u8349\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c06\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u53d7\u8bad\u4e24\u5e74\u7684\u8fbe\u5217\u529b\u6c57\u6d3e\u56de\u963f\u5c71\u4e0e\u4e4c\u65af\u6ee1\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u968f\u540c\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u4ee5\u6ce2\u6ce2\u592b\u5c11\u5c06\u4e3a\u9996\u768412\u4eba\u987e\u95ee\u56e2\u3002[43]\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e73\u606f\u53d8\u4e71\uff0c\u76db\u4e16\u624d\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5c06\u4e3b\u529b\u8c03\u5f80\u963f\u5c71\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u7701\u5185\u9632\u52a1\u7a7a\u865a\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u76db\u4e16\u624d\u611f\u5230\u82cf\u8054\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u540c\u610f\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u5f00\u5165\u65b0\u7586\u3002[44]\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u961f\u57281943\u5e74\u81f31944\u5e74\u9646\u7eed\u5f00\u5165\u65b0\u7586\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fd\u519b\u5165\u65b0\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u54c8\u5bc6\u4e3a\u636e\u70b9\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u8fea\u5316\u8001\u6ee1\u57ce\u3001\u9547\u897f\u3001\u5410\u9c81\u756a\u7b49\u8981\u5730\uff0c\u5bf9\u76db\u4e16\u624d\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002[45]\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5c40\u52bf\u6709\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u30021944\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u82cf\u519b\u89e3\u9664\u4e86\u5fb7\u519b\u5bf9\u5217\u5b81\u683c\u52d2\u7684\u5305\u56f4\uff0c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u4e0e\u65b0\u7586\u7701\u519b\u5728\u963f\u5c14\u6cf0\u5730\u533a\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6b66\u88c5\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u672c\u5df2\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u4e2d\u82cf\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u8d8b\u6076\u5316\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u8d77\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u88ab\u6781\u5927\u5730\u5938\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u4ecb\u5165\u3002[46]\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u76db\u4e16\u624d\u611f\u5230\u6295\u5f52\u4e2d\u592e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ed6\u5728\u65b0\u7586\u7684\u6743\u4f4d\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u4ef0\u4ed7\u82cf\u8054\u3002[47]\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4e5f\u6108\u53d1\u53ef\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u4e0e\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u8c0b\u800c\u5408\u3002\u65e9\u57281944\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u519b\u4ee4\u90e8\u5c31\u5df2\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u201c\u76db\u4e16\u624d\u987b\u8c03\u79bb\u65b0\u7701\uff0c\u53e6\u6d3e\u4ed6\u804c\u3002\u201d[57]8\u670815\u65e5\uff0c[58]\u6731\u7ecd\u826f\u53d7\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u59d4\u4efb\uff0c\u98de\u8d74\u8fea\u5316\u529d\u8bf4\u76db\u4e16\u624d\u4e3b\u52a8\u8f9e\u804c\u300219\u65e5\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u62d2\u7edd\u63f4\u624b\uff0c\u66f4\u56e0\u4e3a\u5165\u65b0\u56fd\u519b\u5df2\u5360\u636e\u8981\u6d25\uff0c\u76db\u4e16\u624d\u8d70\u6295\u65e0\u8def\uff0c\u53ea\u5f97\u8f9e\u53bb\u65b0\u7586\u7701\u4e3b\u5e2d\u517c\u8fb9\u9632\u7763\u529e\u300229\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u540c\u610f\u76db\u4e16\u624d\u8f9e\u53bb\u672c\u517c\u5404\u804c\uff0c\u8f6c\u4efb\u519c\u6797\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u88c1\u64a4\u8fb9\u9632\u7763\u529e\u516c\u7f72\uff0c\u4ee5\u5434\u5fe0\u4fe1\u4e3a\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u5728\u5434\u5fe0\u4fe1\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4efb\u524d\uff0c\u7531\u6731\u7ecd\u826f\u4ee3\u7406\u7701\u653f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db<\/p>\n

\u5434\u5fe0\u4fe1\u4e3b\u653f\u65b0\u7586\uff0c\u662f\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u540e\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u5434\u5fe0\u4fe1\u7cfb\u540c\u76df\u4f1a\u7684\u8001\u515a\u5458\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eba\u5904\u4e8b\u8001\u6210\u6301\u91cd\uff0c\u81ea1936\u5e74\u8d77\u62c5\u4efb\u8499\u85cf\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u957f\uff0c\u719f\u7a14\u8fb9\u653f\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7531\u5434\u5fe0\u4fe1\u51fa\u638c\u65b0\u7586\uff0c\u5185\u5916\u5747\u53ef\u76f8\u4fe1\u300210\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u5434\u5fe0\u4fe1\u5728\u8fea\u5316\u897f\u5927\u697c\u524d\u53ec\u96c6\u7701\u5e9c\u5404\u5385\u5904\u6240\u5c5e\u804c\u5458\u8bad\u8bdd\uff0c\u5ba3\u79f0\u8981\u4ee5\u201c\u5929\u7406\u3001\u56fd\u6cd5\u3001\u4eba\u60c5\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eca\u540e\u5904\u7406\u516c\u52a1\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u793a\u201c\u4e2d\u82cf\u4e24\u5927\u6c11\u65cf\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u4f20\u7edf\u53cb\u8c0a\uff0c\u65b0\u7586\u5730\u5c45\u4e2d\u82cf\u4ea4\u901a\u8981\u51b2\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u201c\u5bf9\u82cf\u5916\u4ea4\uff0c\u4eb2\u5584\u90bb\u90a6\u5b9e\u4e3a\u5f53\u7136\u4e4b\u7406\u201d[59]\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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4.\u901a\u8fc7\u62a5\u7eb8\u3001\u6742\u5fd7\u7b49\u5a92\u4f53\u5ba3\u4f20\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u5f00\u8bbe\u5728\u8fea\u5316\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c\u201c\u4ee5\u5ec9\u4ef7\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u503e\u9500\u4ee5\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5b97\u6559\u4e3a\u53f7\u53ec\u4e4b\u5171\u4ea7\u5ba3\u4f20\u520a\u7269\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u65e0\u77e5\u4e2d\u6c11\u8d8b\u4e4b\u82e5\u9e5c\uff0c\u65e5\u6709\u4e94\u516d\u767e\u4eba\u62e5\u8d2d\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6742\u5fd7\u5305\u62ec\u4e4c\u5179\u522b\u514b\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u4e1c\u65b9\u516c\u7406\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u6728\u56fe\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u56fd\u571f\u300b\u7b49\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u300a\u4e1c\u65b9\u516c\u7406\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u5ba3\u626c\u82cf\u8054\u5883\u5185\u7ef4\u65cf\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u5982\u4f55\u5bcc\u88d5\u3001\u82cf\u8054\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u969c\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u5e76\u5ba3\u4f20\u6c11\u65cf\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u7531\u89e3\u653e\u3002\u201d[78]<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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