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Anton von 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src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/23fcccd13debd801\" 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src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/c9b620cf28a3cc48\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5965\u5730\u5229\u4e0a\u8bae\u9662\uff0c1902\u5e74<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5934\u8854\u4e0e\u7b49\u7ea7\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1918\u5e74\u65f6\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7687\u5ba4\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u7b49\u7ea7\uff0c\u4ece\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\u5206\u522b\u4e3a<\/p>\n<p>1 \u65e0\u5934\u8854\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\u201c\u51af\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u6216\u6709\u8d35\u4eba\uff08Edler\uff09\u79f0\u53f7\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>2 \u9a91\u58eb\uff0c\u59d3\u6c0f\u524d\u6709\u201cRitter von\u201d\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>3 \u7537\u7235\uff08Freiherr\uff09\uff0c\u65e5\u5e38\u53ef\u79f0\u547cBaron\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>4 \u4f2f\u7235\uff08Graf\uff09\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>5 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\/><\/p>\n<p>1893\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u4e0a\u5c09\u83b7\u5f97\u5f17\u6717\u8328\u00b7\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u5c01\u6388\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u4f53\u5236\u8d35\u65cf\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u88ab\u63d0\u5347\u4e3a\u65e0\u5934\u8854\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u8005\u65e0\u9700\u5411\u56fd\u5bb6\u7f34\u8d39\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u201c\u8d35\u4eba\u201d\u5934\u8854\u548c\u5305\u542b\u5730\u540d\u7684\u5934\u8854\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7f34\u8d39\u3002\u4f53\u5236\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u5934\u8854\u4e0d\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u9886\u571f\u6302\u94a9[7]\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u6311\u9009\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7acb\u529f\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u670d\u5175\u5f79\u7684\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5934\u8854\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u865a\u6784\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u5bf9\u7687\u671d\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u51af\u00b7\u7687\u51a0\u4e4b\u76fe\u201d\uff08von Kronenschild\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7eb9\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u5f97\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u6279\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/8a6de054053ad3c1\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\u9646\u519b\u5c11\u6821\u201c\u51af\u2022\u7687\u51a0\u4e4b\u76fe\u201d\u7684\u5893\u7891<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u4ece\u519b\u4e3a\u56fd\u6548\u529b\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u884c\u653f\u5b98\u5458\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3b\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u5bb6\u3001\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u804c\u4e1a\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u5c01\u6388\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u8d35\u65cf\u3002\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5176\u4ed6\u90a6\u56fd\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5c01\u6388\u8d35\u65cf\u65f6\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u6177\u6168\u7684\u30021701\u5e74\u81f31918\u5e74\u4e00\u5171\u63d0\u5347\u4e8612408\u4eba\u7684\u9636\u5c42\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d10567\u4eba\u88ab\u4ece\u5e73\u6c11\u63d0\u5347\u4e3a\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u662f\u664b\u5347\u8d35\u65cf\u8854\u7ea7\u3002\u6309\u7167\u804c\u4e1a\u5212\u5206\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u67095133\u4eba\u662f\u519b\u5b98\uff0c3463\u4eba\u662f\u5b98\u5458\uff0c1242\u4eba\u662f\u5546\u4eba\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u5bb6\u548c\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\uff0c520\u4eba\u662f\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002[8]\u4f53\u5236\u8d35\u65cf\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/a582d900ca605b0d\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u963f\u5c14\u65b9\u65af\u00b7\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u7f57\u7279\u5e0c\u5c14\u5fb7\u7537\u7235<\/p>\n<p>\u65b0\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u9762\u8c8c\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u8001\u8d35\u65cf\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u3001\u571f\u5730\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u901a\u5a5a\u7ed3\u76df\u548c\u4e0e\u5bab\u5ef7\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c19\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u534a\u671f\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u8d35\u65cf\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u6b63\u5728\u5189\u5189\u5347\u8d77\u7684\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u5949\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u5fe0\u4e8e\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4eba\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8001\u8d35\u65cf\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6500\u5347\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u65b0\u8d35\u65cf\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f88\u5c11\u901a\u5a5a\u3002[9]\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u68ee\u4e25\u7684\u58c1\u5792\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9119\u89c6\u94fe\u3002\u524d\u8005\u9119\u89c6\u540e\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6bcb\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\u3002\u636e\u66fe\u5728\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u62c5\u4efb\u4f7f\u9986\u6b66\u5b98\u7684\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u5c06\u519b\u514b\u62c9\u592b\u7279\u00b7\u970d\u4ea8\u6d1b\u5384-\u82f1\u683c\u5c14\u82ac\u6839\u516c\u5b50\uff08Kraft zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen\uff0c1827\u20141892\uff09\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u5927\u8d22\u4e3b\u56e0\u4e3a\u7279\u522b\u6709\u6743\u6709\u52bf\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7b97\u4f5c\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\uff1aA\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff1b\u548cB\uff0c\u4ece\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u4e0a\u5347\u6765\u7684\u66b4\u53d1\u6237\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u524d\u8005\u5bcc\u88d5\u5f97\u591a\u3002A\u548cB\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7537\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u519b\u961f\u7684\u540c\u50da\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5973\u6027\u51e0\u4e4e\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u5982\u679cA\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5a36\u4e86B\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u88abA\u7fa4\u4f53\u6392\u65a5\u3002\u5728\u5bab\u5ef7\u7684\u5927\u821e\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u90fd\u53d7\u9080\u8bf7\uff1b\u4f46\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5c0f\u821e\u4f1a\u201d\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u9080\u8bf7B\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u970d\u4ea8\u6d1b\u5384-\u82f1\u683c\u5c14\u82ac\u6839\u516c\u5b50\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u4e5f\u5206\u6210\u9ad8\u4f4e\u4e24\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002[10]<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/873cb8398c14dc18\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1900\u5e74\uff0c\u970d\u592b\u5821\u7687\u5bab\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u821e\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f17\u6717\u8328\u00b7\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u7687\u5e1d\u88ab\u8d35\u5987\u4eec\u7c07\u62e5<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7b2c\u4e00\u5171\u548c\u56fd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1918\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u5927\u5e55\u5373\u5c06\u843d\u4e0b\uff0c\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\u5728\u505a\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5782\u6b7b\u6323\u624e\u300210\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u5361\u5c14\u7687\u5e1d\u9881\u5e03\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u63d0\u8bae\u5c06\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\u6539\u7ec4\u4e3a\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u59a5\u534f\u6765\u5f97\u592a\u665a\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a10\u670828\u65e5\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u6210\u529f\u72ec\u7acb\u5efa\u56fd\uff0c\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e8e29\u65e5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u540e\u4e0e\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u738b\u56fd\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u7ec4\u6210\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u738b\u56fd\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\uff0c\u539f\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\u5fb7\u8bed\u533a\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u7d27\u6025\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5e1d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u300211\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u5361\u5c14\u7687\u5e1d\u653e\u5f03\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u5e03\u9000\u4f4d\u300212\u65e5\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5ba3\u5e03\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7b2c\u4e00\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e0e\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u9886\u571f\u5927\u5e45\u7f29\u6c34\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u4e5f\u51cf\u5f31\u8bb8\u591a\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u56fd\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u90fd\u96be\u4ee5\u7ef4\u7cfb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u4f46\u53d7\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u5217\u5f3a\u7684\u963b\u6320\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u897f\u65b9\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u770b\u5230\u6218\u8d25\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u7586\u57df\u8fd8\u80fd\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u957f\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u653f\u6cbb\u5f62\u52bf\u903c\u8feb\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u7684\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u4eba\u7fa4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u4eba\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1919\u5e744\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8bae\u4f1a\u9881\u5e03\u300a\u5e9f\u9664\u8d35\u65cf\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Adelsaufhebungsgesetz\uff09\uff0c\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\u8d35\u65cf\u5236\u5ea6\u3002[11]\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5e9f\u9664\u8d35\u65cf\u6bd4\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u66f4\u4e25\u5389\u3002\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u8d35\u65cf\u4fdd\u7559\u5934\u8854\u548c\u201c\u51af\u201d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u59d3\u6c0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5219\u5e72\u8106\u5f7b\u5e95\u7981\u6b62\u4e00\u5207\u8d35\u65cf\u5934\u8854\u548c\u201c\u51af\u201d\u7b49\u79f0\u53f7\uff0c\u8fdd\u8005\u5c06\u88ab\u5904\u4ee52\u4e07\u514b\u6717\u7f5a\u6b3e\u6216\u81f3\u591a6\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u5f92\u5211\u30021948\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5904\u7f5a\u6539\u4e3a4000\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5148\u4ee4\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u989d\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7ea6290\u6b27\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u65cf\u957f\u5728\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u53eb\u5965\u6258\u00b7\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5965\u6258\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\uff0c1919\u5e74\u963f\u8fbe\u5c14\u8d1d\u7279\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u65bd\u7279\u6069\u8d1d\u683c\u4f2f\u7235\uff08Adalbert Graf v.Sternberg\uff09\u5728\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u6211\u7684\u540d\u7247\uff01\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u53eb\u963f\u8fbe\u5c14\u8d1d\u7279\u00b7\u65bd\u7279\u6069\u8d1d\u683c\u3002\u5361\u5c14\u5927\u5e1d\u7ed9\u4e86\u6211\u8d35\u65cf\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u800c\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u4f26\u7eb3\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u8eab\u4efd\uff01\u201d\uff08\u5361\u5c14\u5927\u5e1d\u5373\u67e5\u7406\u66fc\uff0c\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u4f26\u7eb3\u662f\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u603b\u7406\u3002\uff09[12]\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u3001\u6f14\u5458\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6216\u827a\u540d\u4e0d\u53d7\u8be5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u5361\u62c9\u626c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u201c\u51af\u201d\u5b57\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u8d35\u65cf\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u51c6\u5907\u4e24\u5957\u540d\u7247\u548c\u4fe1\u7eb8\uff0c\u4e00\u5957\u9075\u7167\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8d35\u65cf\u5934\u8854\u548c\u7eb9\u7ae0\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u548c\u516c\u5171\u673a\u5173\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u5957\u6709\u5934\u8854\u548c\u7eb9\u7ae0\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u548c\u5546\u754c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8d35\u65cf\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3002[13]<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5bf9\u5f85\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u6bd4\u5fb7\u56fd\u66f4\u4e25\u5389\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>2018\u5e74\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u65bd\u6258\u5c14\u8d1d\u683c-\u65bd\u6258\u5c14\u8d1d\u683c\u4f2f\u7235\uff08Graf Peter zu Stolberg-Stolberg\uff0c\u5f17\u6717\u8328\u00b7\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u5916\u5b59\u5973\u9ed1\u5fb7\u7ef4\u5e0c\u7684\u5b59\u5b50\uff09\u7ed9\u6211\u505a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\uff0c\u5fb7\u7687\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u5e03\u9000\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ece\u5e1d\u56fd\u5230\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5965\u5730\u5229\uff0c\u672b\u4ee3\u7687\u5e1d\u5361\u5c14\u548c\u7687\u540e\u6d4e\u5854\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9000\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3e\u884c\u8fc7\u5e9f\u9664\u5e1d\u5236\u7684\u5168\u6c11\u516c\u6295\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7b2c\u4e00\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fc3\u77e5\u809a\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u975e\u5e38\u5bb3\u6015\u65e7\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u5373\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u4f1a\u5377\u571f\u91cd\u6765\uff1b\u5bb3\u6015\u8d35\u65cf\u4f1a\u8d77\u6765\u8d28\u7591\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u51b3\u5fc3\u8981\u6253\u538b\u8d35\u65cf\u9636\u5c42\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5bf9\u8d35\u65cf\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u82db\uff0c\u4e0d\u51c6\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u201c\u51af\u201d\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u5934\u8854\u3002\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u5bb6\u65cf\u751a\u81f3\u957f\u671f\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u8fd4\u56de\u5965\u5730\u5229\uff0c\u8fd8\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u6210\u4e3a\u5965\u5730\u5229\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u540e\u6765\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u6210\u4e3a\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u4f46\u5361\u5c14\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u548c\u83f2\u5229\u514b\u65af\u6ca1\u6709\u653e\u5f03\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/69e064fb93ed1390\" 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F\u00fcrstin von 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src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/76b0811e49626bd4\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6d77\u56e0\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u514b\u62c9\u59c6-\u9a6c\u63d0\u5c3c\u514b\u4f2f\u7235<\/p>\n<p>\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u8ba4\u4e3a\u300a\u5e9f\u9664\u8d35\u65cf\u6cd5\u300b\u662f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u548c\u4fb5\u72af\u4eba\u6743\uff0c\u6012\u65a5\u5176\u4e3a\u201c\u53cd\u8d35\u65cf\u6cd5\u201d\u548c\u201c\u66b4\u6c11\u6cd5\u201d\uff1b\u5e76\u575a\u6301\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8d35\u65cf\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u4e0e\u5934\u8854\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0e\u7cbe\u795e\u9762\u8c8c\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u5e9f\u9664\u5934\u8854\u6765\u6d88\u706d\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5984\u60f3\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u524d\u4e0d\u4e45\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u201c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u8d35\u65cf\u534f\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Vereinigung katholischer Edelleute in \u00d6sterreich\uff09\u5728\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u6d3b\u8dc3\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5411\u653f\u5e9c\u9012\u4ea4\u5404\u79cd\u8bf7\u613f\u548c\u7533\u8bc9\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5e2e\u52a9\u8d2b\u7a77\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8d35\u65cf\u540d\u518c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8be5\u534f\u4f1a\u4e00\u5ea6\u62e5\u67093000\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u90e8\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u4f4e\u7ea7\u8d35\u65cf\u3002\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u9996\u4efb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u662f\u6d77\u56e0\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u514b\u62c9\u59c6-\u9a6c\u63d0\u5c3c\u514b\u4f2f\u7235\uff08Heinrich von Clam-Martinic\uff0c1863\u20141932\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5965\u5730\u5229\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u603b\u7406\uff09\u3002[14]<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u548c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1918\u5e7412\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5e9f\u9664\u8d35\u65cf\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u8d35\u65cf\u5934\u8854\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5265\u593a\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u571f\u5730\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d35\u65cf\u9003\u5f80\u5965\u5730\u5229\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7b49\u56fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d35\u65cf\u7559\u5728\u6377\u514b\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u6377\u514b\u56fd\u7c4d\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u6377\u514b\u7c4d\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u88d4\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u88ab\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6ca1\u6536\u30021945\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u7fa4\u66fe\u53d7\u7eb3\u7cb9\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u6536\u56de\u4e86\u8d22\u4ea7\u3002\u4f461948\u5e74\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6743\u518d\u6b21\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u548c\u571f\u5730\u30021992\u5e74\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u7684\u6377\u514b\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u65bd\u74e6\u5c91\u8d1d\u683c\u5bb6\u65cf\uff0c\u4ece\u65b0\u7684\u6377\u514b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u624b\u4e2d\u6536\u56de\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u4e45\u8fdd\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8428\u62c9\u70ed\u7a9d\u88ab\u523a\u6740\u7684\u5f17\u6717\u8328\u00b7\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u5927\u516c\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u5373\u970d\u6069\u8d1d\u683c\u5bb6\u65cf\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u6536\u56de\u5728\u6377\u514b\u5883\u5185\u7684\u571f\u5730\u548c\u5bab\u6bbf\u3002\u5217\u652f\u6566\u58eb\u767b\u7edf\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u5728\u6377\u514b\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e5f\u672a\u80fd\u6536\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5308\u7259\u5229\u57281946\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u662f\u541b\u4e3b\u56fd\uff0c\u5361\u5c14\u7687\u5e1d\u66fe\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u5308\u7259\u5229\u590d\u8f9f\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5308\u7259\u5229\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5217\u5f3a\u8981\u6c42\u4e0b\uff0c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\u7981\u6b62\u5361\u5c14\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u4ee3\u6210\u4e3a\u5308\u7259\u5229\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5308\u7259\u5229\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u738b\u56fd\u30021947\u5e74\uff0c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\u8d35\u65cf\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u8ba9\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u8f83\u5c11\u63a5\u53d7\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u201c\u7edf\u6218\u201d\uff1a\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\uff1b\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fb7\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u9a6c\u6797\u8bfa\u592b\u65af\u57fa\uff08StephanMalinowski\uff09\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u300a\u4ece\u56fd\u738b\u5230\u5143\u9996\u300b\uff08Vom 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zuF\u00fcrstenberg\uff0c1863\u20141941\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66fe\u662f\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u7684\u5bc6\u53cb\uff0c\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u66f4\u4e3a\u4eb2\u8fd1\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u541e\u5e76\u5965\u5730\u5229\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u8bd5\u56fe\u52a0\u5165\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u3002[15]\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u662f\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u8981\u6c42\u4fe1\u5f92\u5bf9\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u4f1a\u3001\u68b5\u8482\u5188\u548c\u6559\u7687\u7edd\u5bf9\u5fe0\u8bda\uff0c\u800c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u654c\u89c6\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u8f83\u96be\u63a5\u53d7\u7eb3\u7cb9\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u53d7\u963f\u9053\u592b\u00b7\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u53ca\u5176\u5f88\u591a\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u514b\u670d\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u788d\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u53cd\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/8ac235ba312255e3\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u963f\u6d1b\u4f0a\u65af\u00b7\u5217\u652f\u6566\u58eb\u767b\u516c\u5b50<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u4e5f\u8f83\u96be\u63a5\u53d7\u5de6\u7ffc\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7279\u4f8b\u662f\u963f\u6d1b\u4f0a\u65af\u00b7\u5217\u652f\u6566\u58eb\u767b\u516c\u5b50\uff08Aloys Prinz von und zu Liechtenstein\uff0c1846\u20141920\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bd4\u8f83\u63a5\u8fd1\u5de6\u7ffc\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7ea2\u8272\u516c\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u5929\u751f\u662f\u4e2a\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57281938\u20141945\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u90fd\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u5185\u5728\u79fb\u6c11\u201d\uff08Innere Emigration\uff09\uff0c\u9000\u7f29\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u57ce\u5821\u548c\u5c0f\u5708\u5b50\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u80fd\u591f\u65e9\u70b9\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u652f\u6301\u7eb3\u7cb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u7ad9\u51fa\u6765\u53cd\u6297\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\u706d\u4ea1\u30011918\u5e74\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7b2c\u4e00\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u5c31\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u6e10\u6e10\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u201c\u5185\u5728\u79fb\u6c11\u201d\u548c\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u907f\u800c\u4e0d\u8c08\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5f97\u5f88\u65e9\uff0c\u6bd4\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5174\u8d77\u65e9\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u4ece1918\u5e74\u52301938\u5e74\u5fb7\u56fd\u541e\u5e76\u5965\u5730\u5229\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u6709\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u7ec3\u4e60\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u201c\u4f4e\u8c03\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5185\u5728\u79fb\u6c11\u201d\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5438\u5f15\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u629b\u5934\u9732\u9762\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u56de\u907f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u80fd\u591f\u5438\u5f15\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u4e0d\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4eb2\u4eba\u548c\u670b\u53cb\u904d\u5e03\u6b27\u6d32\u3002\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u53ef\u80fd\u8bf4\u5fb7\u8bed\uff0c\u6216\u4e3b\u8981\u8bf4\u5fb7\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u6ce2\u897f\u7c73\u4e9a\u6216\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6709\u57ce\u5821\u548c\u5730\u4ea7\u3002\u7528\u56fd\u7c4d\u3001\u6bcd\u8bed\u3001\u8840\u7edf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u548c\u5f00\u660e\u7684\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u8840\u7edf\u4f18\u8d8a\u8bba\uff0c\u5bf9\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/590ec0dae2aa9301\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1933\u5e74\uff0c\u5965\u6258\u7687\u50a8\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u5728\u67cf\u6797<\/p>\n<p>\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u65cf\u957f\u5965\u6258\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u5927\u516c\u4e0e\u970d\u4ea8\u7d22\u4f26\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u548c\u51e0\u4f4d\u4eb2\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7687\u5b50\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u3002\u4ed6\u575a\u51b3\u62b5\u6297\u7eb3\u7cb9\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u541e\u5e76\u5965\u5730\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u5fb7\u519b\u7684\u6b64\u6b21\u884c\u52a8\u4ee3\u53f7\u4e3a\u201c\u5965\u6258\u884c\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4e3a\u654c\u3002\u5965\u6258\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u66fe\u5efa\u8bae\u8bb8\u58eb\u5c3c\u683c\u603b\u7406\u628a\u603b\u7406\u804c\u4f4d\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4ed6\uff0c\u7531\u4ed6\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u53cd\u6297\u7eb3\u7cb9\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u53d1\u52a8\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u800c\u8bb8\u58eb\u5c3c\u683c\u6ca1\u6709\u62b5\u6297\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u5411\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5c48\u670d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u679c\u7136\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5360\u9886\u5965\u5730\u5229\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5965\u6258\u5927\u516c\u5c31\u88ab\u4ee5\u53db\u56fd\u7f6a\u901a\u7f09\uff0c\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u88ab\u6ca1\u6536\u3002\u5f17\u6717\u8328\u00b7\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u5927\u516c\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u4eec\u88ab\u7eb3\u7cb9\u902e\u6355\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b59\u5b50\u4eec\u88ab\u4ece\u5b66\u6821\u91cc\u8d76\u8d70\u3002\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u5bb6\u65cf\u591a\u4f4d\u6210\u5458\u88ab\u6295\u5165\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u3002\u5965\u6258\u5927\u516c\u53ca\u5bb6\u4eba\u9003\u5f80\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u30021940\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u8fdb\u653b\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\uff0c\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u5bb6\u65cf\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5bab\u6bbf\u906d\u5230\u8f70\u70b8\u3002\u526f\u5143\u9996\u9c81\u9053\u592b\u00b7\u8d6b\u65af\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u902e\u6355\u5965\u6258\u5927\u516c\u53ca\u5176\u5144\u5f1f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u5c06\u5176\u67aa\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5965\u6258\u5927\u516c\u53ca\u5176\u6bcd\u4eb2\u548c\u5144\u5f1f\u59d0\u59b9\u5386\u7ecf\u8270\u8f9b\u6d41\u4ea1\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u5965\u6258\u5927\u516c\u8fd8\u66fe\u8fd4\u56de\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u53cd\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u5965\u5730\u5229\u4eba\u9003\u4ea1\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u633d\u6551\u4e8615000\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002[16]1941\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u547d\u4ee4\u5265\u593a\u6d4e\u5854\u7687\u540e\u53ca\u5176\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d\u3002[17]\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5965\u6258\u5927\u516c\u4e0e\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u548c\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u4ea4\u5f80\u751a\u5bc6\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u56fd\u9645\u627f\u8ba4\u5965\u5730\u5229\u4e3a\u201c\u88ab\u5360\u9886\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\uff1b\u63a8\u52a8\u82f1\u7f8e\u7f29\u5c0f\u6218\u540e\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7684\u5360\u9886\u533a\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u82f1\u6cd5\u7f8e\u82cf\u56db\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3[18]\uff1b\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8bd5\u56fe\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8425\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u519b\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\u3002[19]\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5728\u6218\u540e\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff08\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u82cf\u8054\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u8d70\u4e0a\u4eb2\u897f\u65b9\u9053\u8def\uff09\uff0c\u5965\u6258\u5927\u516c\u6709\u4e0d\u5c0f\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u548c\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u8054\u90a6\u5236\u591a\u7459\u6cb3\u541b\u4e3b\u56fd\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b7b\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7684\u5965\u5730\u5229\u4eba\u662f\u7b03\u4fe1\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6c49\u65af\u00b7\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u8521\u65af\u7eb3-\u65bd\u6bd4\u5c91\u8d1d\u683c\u7537\u7235\uff08Hans Karl Ze\u00dfner-Spitzenberg\uff0c1885\u20141938\uff09\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u62b5\u6297\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62b5\u6297\u5206\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u57c3\u5c14\u6e29\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u62c9\u80e1\u68ee-\u7ef4\u592b\u52d2\u8499\u5c06\u519b\uff08Erwin Lahousen Edler von Vivremont\uff0c1897\u20141955\uff09\u3001\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u5f17\u5170\u80af\u65bd\u6cf0\u56e0\u7537\u7235\uff08Joseph Freiherr von und zu Franckenstein\uff0c1910\u20141963\uff09\u3001\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u7279\u52b3\u7279\u66fc\u65af\u591a\u592b-\u9b4f\u56e0\u65af\u8d1d\u683c\u4f2f\u7235\u548c\u592b\u4eba\uff08Josef Graf von Trauttmansdorff-Weinsberg\uff0c1945\u5e744\u6708\u88ab\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6740\u5bb3\uff09\u3001\u6c49\u65af\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u54c8\u9ed8\u65bd\u6cf0\u56e0-\u57c3\u514b\u6c83\u5fb7\u7537\u7235\uff08Hans Freiherr von Hammerstein-Equord\uff0c1881\u20141947\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u7c73\u5229\u5b89\u548c\u6069\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u970d\u6069\u8d1d\u683c\u5144\u5f1f\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5f17\u6717\u8328\u00b7\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u5927\u516c\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5949\u884c\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u8d35\u65cf\u534f\u4f1a\u201d\u4e5f\u53cd\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9\uff0c1938\u5e74\u88ab\u7981\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a01945\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7684\u5360\u9886\u533a\u5b9e\u65bd\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u64a4\u519b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u571f\u5730\u4e8e1955\u5e74\u7269\u5f52\u539f\u4e3b\u3002\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u79c1\u4ea7\u548c\u571f\u5730\u4e8e1919\u5e74\u88ab\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6ca1\u6536\uff0c1935\u5e74\u88ab\u8bb8\u58eb\u5c3c\u683c\u603b\u7406\u90e8\u5206\u5f52\u8fd8\uff0c1938\u5e74\u53c8\u88ab\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6ca1\u6536\uff0c1945\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3002\u5965\u5730\u5229\u519c\u4e1a\u571f\u5730\u76845%\u548c\u68ee\u6797\u768410%\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8d35\u65cf\u3002[20]2009\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u8fdb\u5165\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u516d\u500d\u3002[21]\u6bd5\u7adf\u65bd\u74e6\u5c91\u8d1d\u683c\u3001\u91d1\u65af\u57fa\u3001\u5217\u652f\u6566\u58eb\u767b\u3001\u970d\u6069\u8d1d\u683c\u751a\u81f3\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8d6b\u8d6b\u5a01\u540d\uff0c\u4f1a\u7ed9\u8d35\u65cf\u81ea\u52a8\u52a0\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c6a\u95e8\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u4e0e\u4eba\u8109\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5546\u754c\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u754c\u7b49\u6d41\u57df\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u5217\u652f\u6566\u58eb\u767b\u4faf\u7235\u5bb6\u65cf\u4eca\u5929\u662f\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\u5927\u4ea8\u3002\u6c49\u65af\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u52b3\u8fbe\u9a91\u58eb\uff08Hans Ritter von Lauda\uff0c1896\u20141974\uff09\u662f\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5de5\u4e1a\u534f\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u5927\u591a\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u8fc7\u7740\u5730\u4e3b\u548c\u5bcc\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u9996\u76f8\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u8d1d\u514b\u7537\u7235\u7684\u540e\u4eba\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u963f\u5c14\u8fc8\u5c14-\u8d1d\u514b\u7537\u7235\uff08Max Freiherr von Allmayer-Beck\uff09\u57281979\u5e74\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u201d[22]<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u540e\u521d\u671f\u4ece\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u3001\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7b49\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u6210\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5730\u56fd\u5bb6\u9003\u4ea1\u5230\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u5f80\u5f80\u9664\u4e86\u80cc\u5305\u548c\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u8863\u670d\u4e4b\u5916\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u6709\u3002\u9003\u5f80\u897f\u5fb7\u7684\u524d\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e1c\u90e8\u8d35\u65cf\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u8865\u507f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f25\u8865\u4ed6\u4eec\u635f\u5931\u7684\u571f\u5730\u548c\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u4f46\u9003\u5f80\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8865\u507f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u4eb2\u621a\u7684\u642d\u6551\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u4e3a\u4e86\u8c0b\u751f\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u5e02\u6c11\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u9152\u5e97\u7ecf\u7406\u3001\u7535\u5de5\u3001\u6c7d\u8f66\u4fee\u7406\u5de5\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u804c\u5458\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u65f6\u4e0e\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u3002[23]\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8fc7\u53bb\u653e\u677e\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1954\u5e74\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u201c\u5723\u7ea6\u7ff0\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u201d\uff08St.Johanns Club\uff09\uff0c\u7b97\u662f\u201c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u8d35\u65cf\u534f\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u540e\u7ee7\u8005\u3002\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u821e\u4f1a\u5c31\u50cf\u5e1d\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u970d\u592b\u5821\u7687\u5bab\u7684\u821e\u4f1a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8c6a\u95e8\u8d35\u65cf\u6c47\u805a\u4e00\u5802\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8be5\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u7684750\u540d\u6210\u5458\u6709\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e0d\u662f\u8d35\u65cf\u3002[24]<\/p>\n<p>2005\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u201c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u534f\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Vereinigungder Edelleute in 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