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Gutzlaff\uff0c1803\u20141851\u5e74\uff0c\u53c8\u8bd1\u4e3a\u90ed\u5b9e\u730e\u3001\u90ed\u58eb\u7acb\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cbf\u6d77\u4e09\u6b21\u822a\u884c\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u300b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u5df4\u7f57\uff08Sir John Barrow,1764\u20141848\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u6e38\u8bb0\uff0c\u536b\u4e09\u754f\uff08S.W.Williams\uff0c1812\u20141884\u5e74\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90ed\u5b9e\u814a\u7684\u300a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u5e1d\u56fd\u6982\u8ff0\u300b\u7684\u4e66\u8bc4\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b\uff0c\u88e8\u6cbb\u6587\uff08E.C.Bridgman,1801\u20141861\u5e74)\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ea6\u90fd\u601d(W.H.Medhurst,1796\u20141857\u5e74\uff091838\u5e74\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u540c\u540d\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u4e66\u8bc4\uff0c\u5373\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\u53ca\u5c55\u671b\u300b\u3002\u5728\u8bba\u4e2d\u56fd\u5987\u5973\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u300a\u8bc4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5883\u51b5\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6212\u6740\u5973\u5a74\u7684\u544a\u793a\u548c\u6587\u7ae0\u5404\u4e00\u7bc7\uff0c\u5305\u62ec1838\u5e742\u670819\u65e5\u5e7f\u4e1c\u67ef\uff08Ke)\u5de1\u629a\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u544a\u793a\u3001\u88e8\u6cbb\u6587\u6458\u8bd1\u7684\u201c\u6740\u5a74\uff1a\u6e56\u5357\u8d35\u4e2d\u5b5a\u6212\u6eba\u5973\u6587\u201d\u6709\uff1b\u4e00\u4efd\u957f\u8fbe8\u9875\u7684\u4e13\u9898\u8c03\u7814\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5373\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u96c5\u88e8\u7406\uff08Rev.David Abeel\uff0c1804\u20141846\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u300a\u798f\u5efa\u6740\u5a74\u7eaa\u5b9e\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1b\u62a5\u300b\u4e00\u6837\u4eba\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u5e9e\u6742\u3001\u6d89\u53ca\u9762\u5e7f\uff0c\u4f46\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4fa7\u91cd\u70b9\u6709\u6240\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6700\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5373\u662f\u91cd\u6c11\u8f7b\u5211\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5e94\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6740\u5973\u5a74\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\u4ec5\u6709\u6570\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u4e24\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u7bc7\u662f\u300a\u6740\u5973\u5a74\u2014\u2014\u6458\u81ea\u4e00\u672c\u672a\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u53a6\u95e8\u53f2\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u66fe\u4efb\u6d59\u6d77\u5173\uff08\u5b81\u6ce2\uff09\u526f\u7a0e\u52a1\u53f8\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u4f11\u58eb\uff08G.Hughes)\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u8be6\u7ec6\u5f15\u8ff0\u96c5\u88e8\u7406\u7684\u300a\u798f\u5efa\u6740\u5a74\u7eaa\u5b9e\u300b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u80fd\u6000\u7591\u4ed6\u5728\u6cc9\u5dde\u3001\u6f33\u5dde\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u8f6c\u8ff0\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u502a\u4e3a\u9716(W.McGregor)\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6740\u5973\u5a74\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u739b\u9ad8\u6e29\uff08M.J.Macgowan)\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d41\u884c\u6740\u5a74\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/799cc80fbc103dd1\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u96c5\u88e8\u7406<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u6709\u4e24\u5219\u77ed\u8baf\uff0c\u4e00\u5219\u6807\u9898\u5373\u4e3a\u300a\u6740\u5973\u5a74\u300b\uff0c\u6458\u5f55\u4e0a\u6d77\u5b98\u5458\u6212\u6740\u5973\u5a74\u7684\u544a\u793a\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u5219\u662f\u300a\u672c\u5730\u4eba\u7684\u6740\u5973\u5a74\u300b\uff0c\u7f72\u540d\u201cJ.N.\u201d\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f11\u58eb\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u502a\u4e3a\u9716\u7684\u6740\u5973\u5a74\u201c\u5728\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u4eba\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5ba2\u5bb6\u4eba\u548c\u9e64\u4f6c\u4eba\u4e2d\u5374\u5f88\u666e\u904d\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u53cd\u9a73\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u8bf8\u5982\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u3001\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5211\u7f5a\u3001\u5ba1\u5224\u3001\u5a5a\u59fb\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u7b49\u8f83\u5177\u4e13\u4e1a\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8c08\u8bba\u6740\u5973\u5a74\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u548c\u95e8\u69db\u8981\u4f4e\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6765\u534e\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e8b\u52a1\u6709\u70b9\u5174\u8da3\u6216\u8005\u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u6709\u730e\u5947\u5fc3\uff0c\u8c01\u90fd\u80fd\u8bf4\u4e0a\u51e0\u53e5\uff0c\u6216\u957f\u7bc7\u5927\u8bba\uff0c\u6216\u89c1\u95fb\u611f\u89e6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u4efd\u671f\u520a\u5916\uff0c\u6765\u534e\u897f\u4eba\u521b\u529e\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u82f1\u6587\u62a5\u7eb8\u5982\u300a\u5e7f\u5dde\u7eaa\u5f55\u62a5\u300b(The Canton Register)\u3001\u300a\u5b57\u6797\u897f\u62a5\u300b\uff08North China Daily News),\u82f1\u6587\u520a\u7269\u5982\u300a\u4e2d\u65e5\u91ca\u7591\u300b\uff08Notes and Queries:on China and Japan)\u3001\u300a\u7687\u5bb6\u4e9a\u6d32\u6587\u4f1a\u5317\u534e\u652f\u4f1a\u4f1a\u520a\u300b\uff08Journal of The North China Branch of The Royal Asiatic Society)\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u62a5\u7eb8\u5982\u300a\u7533\u62a5\u300b\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u8f7d\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u6740\u5973\u5a74\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u548c\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\u6765\u534e\u897f\u4eba\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6c47\u603b\u524d\u8ff0\u300a\u5370\u4e2d\u641c\u95fb\u300b\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1b\u62a5\u300b\u548c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\u65f6\u5df2\u63d0\u53ca\u8005\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\uff0c\u5982\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u65af\u5f53\u4e1c\uff08Geoige L.Staunton\uff0c1737\u20141801\u5e74\uff0c\u5373\u8001\u65af\u5f53\u4e1c\uff09\u3001\u5c0f\u65af\u5f53\u4e1c\uff08George T. Staunton\uff0c1781\u20141859\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u9a6c\u793c\u900a\uff08Robert Morrison\uff0c1782\u20141834\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u7c73\u601c\uff08William Milne\uff0c1785\u20141822\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u5fb7\u5e87\u65f6(J.F.Davis,1795\u20141890\u5e74)\u3001\u65bd\u7f8e\u592b(George Smith\uff0c\u53c8\u540d\u201c\u56db\u7f8e\u201d\uff0c1815\u20141871\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u502a\u7ef4\u601d(John L.Nevius\uff0c1829\u20141893\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u5362\u516c\u660e\uff08Justus Doolittle\uff0c1824\u4e001880\u5e74)\u3001\u8d39\u65f6\u672c(Captain Fish-bouine)\u3001\u53e4\u4f2f\u5bdf(Evariste-RegisHuc\uff0c1813\u20141860\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u9ea6\u534e\u9640\uff08Walter H.Medhurst\uff0c1823\u20141885\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u8d6b\u5fb7\uff08Robert Hart\uff0c1835\u20141911\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u6797\u4e50\u77e5(Young J.Allen\uff0c1836\u20141907\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u4f55\u5929\u7235\uff08Chester Holcombe\uff0c1844\u20141912\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u4e01\u97ea\u826f\uff08W.A.P.Martin\uff0c1850\u20141916\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u9ea6\u9ad8\u6e29\uff08J.Macgowan\uff0c?\u20141922\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u660e\u6069\u6ea5\uff08A.H.Smith\uff0c1845\u20141932\u5e74\uff09\u3001E.A.\u7f57\u65af\uff08E.A.Ross\uff0c1866\u20141951\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u65af\u5854\u5fb7\uff08JohnL.Stoddard)\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u66fe\u7559\u4e0b\u76f8\u5173\u8ff0\u8bc4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u7684\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u62a5\u520a\u7684\u521b\u529e\u4eba\u3001\u7f16\u8f91\u6216\u4f5c\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>19\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6b27\u7f8e\u4eba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u5546\u4eba\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u3001\u6d77\u5173\u804c\u5458\u3001\u519b\u4eba\u3001\u8bb0\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u7ee7\u6765\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u8eab\u4efd\u6709\u522b\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u501f\u7528\u738b\u8d53\u6b66\u5148\u751f\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u4ea4\u53cb\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u4f20\u6559\u3001\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u7edf\u6cbb\u6216\u6253\u4ed7\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u897f\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u5904\u5883\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6027\u683c\u3001\u5728\u534e\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u8303\u56f4\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e43\u81f3\u5de6\u53f3\u4ed6\u4eec\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f62\u8c61\u3001\u4ed6\u4eec\u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e60\u4fd7\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7efc\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6765\u534e\u897f\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6740\u5973\u5a74\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u548c\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u53d7\u5230\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6cdb\u6cdb\u800c\u8c08\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u548c\u5730\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6307\u5411\u7684\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb0\u8ff0\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u201c\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u8d6b\u5fb7\u5728\u5b81\u6ce2\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6211\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u2018\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u2019\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u773c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u8f83\u4e3a\u80af\u5b9a\u5730\u4ece\u5b81\u6ce2\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u63d0\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8bb0\u8ff0\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u67d0\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u6e38\u5386\u7684\u89c1\u95fb\u3001\u89c2\u611f\u6216\u8c03\u7814\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e2\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u4ea4\u53cb\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u53c8\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u81ea\u8eab\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f88\u96be\u6291\u5236\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u683c\u5c14\u8328\uff08Clifford 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Missionary 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Foreigner in Far 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