{"id":65157,"date":"2026-02-22T07:24:39","date_gmt":"2026-02-21T23:24:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=65157"},"modified":"2026-02-22T07:24:39","modified_gmt":"2026-02-21T23:24:39","slug":"%e7%bc%ba%e5%b8%ad%e8%80%85%e6%80%bb%e6%98%af%e9%94%99%e7%9a%84%ef%bc%9a%e6%8a%a5%e5%88%8a%e3%80%81%e6%ae%96%e6%b0%91%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e4%b8%8e%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e9%97%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=65157","title":{"rendered":"\u201c\u7f3a\u5e2d\u8005\u603b\u662f\u9519\u7684\u201d\uff1a\u62a5\u520a\u3001\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6765\u6e90: \u6f8e\u6e43\u65b0\u95fb<\/p>\n

1903\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u9a7b\u65e5\u516c\u4f7f\u8521\u94a7\u5378\u4efb\u56de\u56fd\u540e\u5373\u7b79\u5212\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u516c\u5171\u79df\u754c\u5185\u521b\u529e\u4e00\u4efd\u4e0e\u79df\u754c\u5b98\u65b9\u82f1\u6587\u62a5\u7eb8\u300a\u5317\u534e\u6377\u62a5\u300b\uff08The North China Daily News\uff09\u9488\u950b\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u53cc\u8bed\u62a5\u7eb8\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u62a5\u300b\uff08South China Daily Journal\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0Nanfangpao\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u6587\u8a00\u6587\u7248\u7684\u300a\u672c\u62a5\u81ea\u53d9\u300b\u4e2d\u5ba3\u79f0\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4ee5\u5730\u671b\u8a00\uff0c\u8bb0\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u5317\u65b9\u57ce\u5e02\uff08\u5982\u660e\u6e05\u7684\u5317\u4eac\uff09\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u9762\u5357\u800c\u6cbb\u5929\u4e0b\u7684\u5e1d\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u548c19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u529b\u56fe\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u60a0\u4e45\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u7406\u8bdd\u8bed\u4f20\u7edf\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u9886\u571f\u4e3b\u6743\u201d\uff08territorial sovereignty\uff09\u72ec\u7acb\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7cbe\u82f1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u548c\u6574\u4e2a\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u90fd\u662f\u5176\u60f3\u8c61\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u4e00\u7edf\u8206\u56fe\u91cc\u7684\u5357\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7531\u5357\u9762\u6d77\u4e0a\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u4ee5\u5e7f\u5dde\u4e3a\u901a\u5546\u636e\u70b9\u7684\u897f\u65b9\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\uff09\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5219\u662f\u5317\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u6269\u5f20\u548c\u6b96\u6c11\u5168\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65b0\u636e\u70b9\u3002\u8521\u94a7\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u89c6\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u7248\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u5411\u5916\u4eba\u5ba3\u4f20\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\u770b\u5f85\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u5589\u820c\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5217\u5f3a\u7684\u5bf9\u534e\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u8521\u94a7\u7279\u5730\u9080\u8bf7\u4e86\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u5f53\u65f6\u6b63\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u5723\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u4e66\u7684\u989c\u60e0\u5e86\uff081877-1950\uff09\u548c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u5165\u6c11\u56fd\u540e\u4efb\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u6821\u957f\u7684\u5510\u56fd\u5b89\uff081858-1913\uff09\u4e3a\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u4e3b\u7f16\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u7eb7\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bcd\u56fd\u7684\u897f\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u90fd\u53ea\u542c\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u4e4b\u8bcd\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u9762\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u8206\u8bba\u9762\u524d\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u8fa9\u89e3\u8fc7\u3002\u201d\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u62a5\u300b\u5728\u51761905\u5e748\u670823\u65e5\u9996\u7248\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u53d1\u520a\u8f9e\u300a\u542c\u53d6\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u4e4b\u8bcd\u300b\uff08Audi Alteram Partem\uff09\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u8a00\uff0c\u7f3a\u5e2d\u8005\u603b\u662f\u9519\u7684\uff08Les absens ont toujours tort\uff09\uff1b\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f3a\u5e2d\u8005\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u5224\u4e3a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u3002\u7684\u786e\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u767e\u79cd\u4e2d\u6587\u62a5\u7eb8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53c8\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u4f1a\u53bb\u770b\u5462\uff1f\u518d\u91cd\u7533\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u627f\u8ba4\u6709\u4e00\u4e24\u4efd\u82f1\u6587\u62a5\u7eb8\u786e\u5b9e\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u4e0d\u541d\u53d1\u8868\u4e00\u4e9b\u8868\u8fbe\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u6765\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u8bba\u4e00\u4e2a\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u7684\u4e0d\u504f\u4e0d\u501a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\u5f85\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u516c\u6b63\u5730\u3001\u5408\u60c5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u5448\u73b0\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f4f\u4e8622\u5e74\u3001\u5199\u4e86\u672c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u683c\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005[\u660e\u6069\u6ea5\/Arthur Henderson Smith, 1845-1932]\u90fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u4ed6\u4ecd\u4e0d\u591f\u8d44\u683c\u5199\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u5fc3\u5b9e\u610f\u3001\u575a\u6301\u4e0d\u61c8\u5730\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e3b\u6301\u516c\u9053\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u82f1\u6587\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u5904\u5883\u6709\u591a\u8270\u96be\u2026\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5f80\u6765\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d7\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5feb\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u5bf9\u5f85\u800c\u9eef\u6de1\u65e0\u5149\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u575a\u4fe1\u5728\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u516c\u6b63\u826f\u5584\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be0\u91ca\u8005\uff0c\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u3001\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u3001\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u544a\u8bc9\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u4fc3\u4f7f\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u7814\u7a76\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e9e\u5927\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u663e\u8457\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u6027\u683c\u2026\u5c31\u50cf\u4f55\u5929\u7235[Chester Holcombe, 1944-1912]\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u62b1\u4e0d\u5e73\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u547c\u5401\u516c\u5e73\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u66fe\u51fa\u4efb\u8fc7\u4e0a\u6d77\u9053\u53f0\u7684\u8521\u94a7\uff0c\u4efb\u5185\uff081897-1899\uff09\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u6cd5\u79df\u754c\u56e0\u5f81\u5730\u7b51\u8def\u9547\u538b\u56db\u660e\u516c\u6240\u6297\u8bae\u4e00\u6848\u3002\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u62a5\u300b\u521b\u520a\u53f7\u7684\u300a\u4e0a\u6d77\u9053\u53f0\u7980\u6c5f\u7763\u7a3f\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u201c\u5fb7\u9886[\u5fb7\u4e3a\u95e8 Bertie Twyman]\u8981\u6c42\u7b51\u8def\u4e0e\u516c\u5802\u5de1\u903b\u64c5\u6536\u8f7f\u6350\u8d77\u62bc\u5973\u72af\u7b49\u4e8b\u201d\u81ea\u7136\u53d7\u5230\u8521\u94a7\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u773c\u4e2d\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u98ce\u8d77\u4e91\u6d8c\u7684\u4e0a\u6d77\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u5f88\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7acb\u573a\u548c\u5bf9\u6551\u4ea1\u56fe\u5b58\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5343\u5dee\u4e07\u522b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6c34\u706b\u4e0d\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u62a5\u7eb8\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u7f29\u5f71<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8521\u94a7\u5e76\u975e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u529e\u62a5\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u66fe\u957f\u671f\u7f72\u7406\u6c5f\u5357\u673a\u5668\u5236\u9020\u5c40\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u51af\u710c\u5149\uff081830-1878\uff09\u57281875\u5e74\u63a5\u4efb\u4e0a\u6d77\u9053\u53f0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0e\u82f1\u9886\u4e8b\u4ea4\u6d89\u82f1\u5546\u8de8\u754c\u4fee\u5efa\u5434\u6dde\u94c1\u8def\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u62e8\u5e93\u94f6\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u5236\u9020\u5c40\u7684\u300a\u897f\u56fd\u8fd1\u4e8b\u300b\u7684\u529e\u62a5\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7c4d\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4e8e1876\u5e7411\u6708\u521b\u529e\u300a\u65b0\u62a5\u300b\uff08Sinpao\uff09\uff0c\u529b\u56fe\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u5927\u91cf\u897f\u4eba\u5f00\u529e\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u62a5\u7eb8\u2014\u2014\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u300a\u4e0a\u6d77\u65b0\u62a5\u300b\uff08The Chinese Shipping List & Advertiser\uff09\u548c\u300a\u4e07\u56fd\u516c\u62a5\u300b\uff08Multinational Communique\uff09\u2014\u2014\u6297\u8861\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8206\u8bba\u9020\u52bf\u4e89\u56de\u8def\u6743\u3002\u300a\u65b0\u62a5\u300b\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u628a\u897f\u6587\u653f\u7ecf\u548c\u79d1\u6280\u7c7b\u6587\u7ae0\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5546\u591a\u8ddf\u8fdb\u4e86\u89e3\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u628a\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8bf4\u6559\u6545\u4e8b\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u897f\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u300a\u65b0\u62a5\u300b1877\u5e74\u76845\u6708\u4efd\u5c31\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u82f1\u6587\u7248\uff0c\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\uff0c\u52301882\u5e74\u90b5\u53cb\u6fc2\uff081841-1891\uff09\u63a5\u4efb\u4e0a\u6d77\u9053\u53f0\u65f6\u88ab\u6574\u4f53\u5173\u505c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8521\u94a7\u91cd\u62fe\u4e86\u51af\u710c\u5149\u672a\u7adf\u7684\u9057\u5fd7\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u4e0e\u300a\u65b0\u62a5\u300b\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u7ecf\u8425\u4e86\u4e24\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e8e1907\u5e74\u5e95\u6539\u4e3a\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\uff0c1908\u5e742\u6708\u505c\u520a\u3002\u4e0e\u300a\u65b0\u62a5\u300b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u505c\u520a\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u62a5\u4e1a\u7ade\u4e89\u6fc0\u70c8\u800c\u81ea\u8eab\u7ecf\u8425\u4e0d\u5584\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u72af\u5fcc\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u897f\u65b9\u4e3b\u4f53\u5efa\u6784\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u79cd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u5efa\u6784\uff09\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u201d\u7684\u6e90\u5934\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u5374\u4e0e\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u540e\u897f\u65b9\u5217\u5f3a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u6269\u5f20\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6d41\u6563\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u6fc0\u53d1\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u201c\u9ec4\u7978\u4f2a\u8a00\u201d\uff08\u7528\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u300a\u672c\u62a5\u81ea\u53d9\u300b\u91cc\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff09\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u56f4\u7ed5\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u4ea7\u6709\u7740\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u540c\u662f\u4e1c\u65b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u50cf\u660e\u6069\u6ea5\u548c\u4f55\u5929\u7235\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u501f\u7531\u6761\u7ea6\u7279\u6743\u548c\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u800c\u957f\u671f\u6df1\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\u8179\u5730\u4f20\u6559\u3001\u5b9a\u5c45\u3001\u6e38\u5386\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u4e2d\u897f\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u901a\uff08China Hands\uff09\u5c31\u6279\u8bc4\u897f\u65b9\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65e2\u5b9a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u662f\u9053\u542c\u9014\u8bf4\u548c\u865a\u6784\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u4ed6\u4eec\u4eb2\u8eab\u7ecf\u5386\u6216\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e9f\u5f85\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4eb2\u5386\u3001\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fd1\u8ddd\u79bb\u89c2\u5bdf\u8fc7\u9971\u53d7\u5404\u79cd\u5185\u5fe7\u5916\u60a3\uff08\u5982\u4e24\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u4e2d\u65e5\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\uff09\u7684\u665a\u6e05\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u83ab\u5927\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u548c\u6240\u6301\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u7b56\u201d\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u660e\u6069\u6ea5\u548c\u4f55\u5929\u7235\u65e0\u4e0d\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4e24\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u5f00\u542f\u7684\u4e2d\u897f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65b0\u7eaa\u5143\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u65b0\u8303\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u66f4\u65e9\u4e4b\u524d\u6765\u534e\u7684\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u6559\u58eb\uff08Jesuits\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u660e\u6069\u6ea5\u5728\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u683c\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u524d\u8a00\u4e2d\u5c31\u63d0\u53ca\u4e24\u4f4d\u5728\u4ed6\u4e4b\u524d\u8bd5\u56fe\u6982\u62ec\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u901a\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u5e93\u514b\uff08George Wingrove Cooke, 1814-1865\uff09\u548c\u5bc6\u8fea\u4e50\uff08Thomas Taylor Meadows, 1815-1868\uff09\u3002\u524d\u8005\u57281857\u81f31858\u5e74\u95f4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u82f1\u6cd5\u8054\u519b\u7684\u968f\u519b\u8bb0\u8005\u6765\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f26\u6566\u300a\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u62a5\u300b\u62a5\u9053\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u89c1\u95fb\u4ee5\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b\u4e3a\u9898\u7ed3\u96c6\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u540e\u8005\u5219\u7cbe\u901a\u6ee1\u8bed\uff08\u5bc6\u8fea\u4e50\u81ea\u5c0f\u5c31\u7acb\u5fd7\u8981\u4e3a\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u6d77\u5916\u6b96\u6c11\u4e8b\u4e1a\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u8fd8\u7279\u5730\u5230\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u6587\uff09\uff0c\u65e9\u57281843\u5e74\u5c31\u6765\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e3a\u5e7f\u5dde\u548c\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u82f1\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u505a\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4e0e\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u9886\u8896\u4eec\u7684\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8fd8\u957f\u671f\u62c5\u4efb\u9a7b\u725b\u5e84\uff08\u8425\u53e3\uff09\u9886\u4e8b\u3002\u660e\u6069\u6ea5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b64\u4e8c\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u6216\u662f\u505c\u7559\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c\u6587\u5b57\u7814\u7a76\u5c42\u9762\u2014\u2014\u5e93\u514b\u5bf9\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f6c\u201d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u201c\u76ce\u683c\u9c81\u6492\u514b\u900a\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u79cd\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8fd8\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e24\u5e7f\u603b\u7763\u53f6\u540d\u741b\uff081807-1859\uff09\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff1b\u5bc6\u8fea\u4e50\u5219\u81ea\u4fe1\u719f\u8c19\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u624d\u662f\u89e3\u5bc6\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u660e\u201d\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u5728\u660e\u6069\u6ea5\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u6e20\u9053\u662f\u6df1\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u519c\u6751\u57fa\u5c42\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5230\u666e\u901a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5bb6\u91cc\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u201c\u5c31\u50cf\u7814\u7a76\u5730\u8c8c\u5b66\uff08topography\uff09\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u5728\u4e61\u6751\u800c\u975e\u57ce\u5e02\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u201d\u660e\u6069\u6ea5\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u57ce\u5e02\u751f\u6d3b\u4e86\u5341\u5e74\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5185\u5728\u4e16\u754c\uff08interior life\uff09\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ca\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6751\u5e84\u91cc\u4f4f\u4e0a\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6708\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e4b\u5916\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u519c\u6751\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff08Next to the Family we must regard the Village as the unit of Chinese social life\uff09\u3002\u201d \u660e\u6069\u6ea5\u5bf9\u4e24\u4f4d\u524d\u8f88\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u82db\u8d23\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5f71\u5c04\u4e8c\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8eChinaman\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u91ce\u86ee\u7684\u590d\u5408\u8bcd\u201d\uff08barbarous compound\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5728\u82f1\u6587\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3Chinese\u6210\u4e3a\u6307\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u80fd\u6307\u8d1f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff1b\u5728\u660e\u6069\u6ea5\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c45\u4e2d\u534f\u8c03\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c\u524d\u671f\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u52cb\u7235\uff08Lord Elgin\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u82f1\u6cd5\u8054\u519b\u5927\u80dc\u6e05\u519b\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u7b7e\u8ba2\u300a\u5929\u6d25\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u5411\u897f\u65b9\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6587\u660e\u201d\u5f00\u653e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8179\u5730\uff0c\u4ed6\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u57281872\u5e74\u6765\u534e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u9c81\u897f\u5317\u7684\u6069\u53bf\u5e9e\u5e84\u5b9a\u5c45\u3001\u4f20\u6559\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6df1\u5165\u89c2\u5bdf\u7814\u7a76\u5f53\u5730\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd1\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002\u660e\u6069\u6ea5\u57281899\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e61\u6751\u751f\u6d3b\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08Village Life in China: A Study in Sociology\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u660e\u6069\u6ea5\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u53d7\u76ca\u4eba\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u80a1\u548c\u4ed6\u80cc\u666f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u901a\u4eec\u96c6\u4f53\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb6\u5ead\u6cd5\u7684\u98ce\u6f6e\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u5a5a\u59fb\uff08\u5916\u5a5a\u5236exogamy\uff09\u3001\u7acb\u55e3\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u8d22\u4ea7\u548c\u4ea7\u6743\uff0c\u5982\u5e84\u5ef6\u9f84\uff08Edward Harper Parker, 1849-1926\uff09\u7684\u300a\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Comparative Chinese Family Law\uff09\u3001\u54f2\u7f8e\u68ee\uff08George Jamieson, 1843-1920\uff09\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Chinese Family and Commercial Law\uff09\u3001\u7a46\u9e9f\u5fb7\uff08Paul Georg von Mollendorff, 1847-1901\uff09\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u6cd5\u300b\uff08The Family Law of the Chinese\/Le Droit de Famille Chinois\/Das Chinesische Familienrecht\uff09\u548c\u5a01\u91d1\u751f\uff08Hiram Parkes Wilkinson, 1866-1935\uff09\u7684\u300a\u53e4\u5178\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u300b\uff08The Family in Classical China\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f90\u6c47\u516c\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u9ec4\u4f2f\u7984\u795e\u7236\uff08Pierre Hoang, 1830-1909\uff09\u7684\u300a\u5927\u6e05\u5f8b\u6458\u8bd1\u5a5a\u59fb\u95e8\u5f8b\u4f8b\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b(Le marriage chinois au point de vue legal, 1898)\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u540c\u65f6\u6216\u8005\u540e\u6765\u4ee5\u4e66\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u522b\u53d1\u4e66\u5c40\uff08Kelly and Walsh Ltd.\uff09\u6216\u8005\u7ebd\u7ea6\u3001\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5f53\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6700\u521d\u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u8868\u57281872\u5e74\u521b\u529e\u4e8e\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\uff08The China Review or Notes and Queries on the Far East\uff09\u3001\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u300a\u7687\u5bb6\u4e9a\u6d32\u6587\u4f1a\u5317\u4e2d\u56fd\u652f\u4f1a\u4f1a\u520a\u300b\uff08Journal of The North Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society\uff09\u548c\u6b27\u9646\u7684\u300a\u901a\u62a5\u300b\uff08Tu\u2019oung Pao\uff09\u7b49\u897f\u65b9\u6c49\u5b66\u520a\u7269\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u300a\u5927\u6e05\u5f8b\u4f8b\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5211\u6848\u6c47\u89c8\u300b\u7b49\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u6cd5\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u4e0d\u5173\u6ce8\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u5a5a\u59fb\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e2a\u4e2d\u7f18\u7531\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u7b14\u8005\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u6f8e\u6e43\u601d\u60f3\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u6e05\u672b\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u7684\u5987\u5973\u62d0\u5356\uff1a\u6b96\u6c11\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u300b\u6240\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5230\u4e8619\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6108\u53d1\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u867d\u7136\u6df1\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\u8179\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5730\u8d28\u3001\u5730\u7406\u3001\u690d\u88ab\u3001\u6c14\u5019\u3001\u6c34\u6587\u3001\u77ff\u4ea7\u7b49\u81ea\u7136\u6761\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b96\u6c11\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7586\u57df\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u201c\u8d62\u5f97\u201d\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff08\u5373\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u90fd\u53d8\u6210\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff09\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4ece\u201c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u4ee5\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u79e9\u5e8f\uff08symbolic order\uff09\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u56fd\u901a\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u5a5a\u59fb\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u719f\u6089\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u5a5a\u59fb\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6539\u9020\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53c2\u7167\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u7b26\u53f7\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u63a7\u5236\u5979\u4eec\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e89\u593a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u6027\uff08\u201c\u5987\u5973\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\uff09\u548c\u7834\u574f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u6cd5\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\uff08discursive continuum\uff09\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cd\u5fc3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7531\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u6700\u5148\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u5929\u8db3\u4f1a\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6d4e\u826f\u6240\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5987\u5973\u6551\u52a9\u6539\u826f\u673a\u6784\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u800c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u6c0f\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\uff08Spencerian sociology\uff09\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u7b49\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u4e8b\u4e1a\u91cf\u8eab\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f55\u5929\u7235\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u548c\u6cd5\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5374\u6301\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u6ca1\u6709\u529f\u6548\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u57fa\u5c42\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u53d1\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u3002\u5728\u4f55\u6c0f\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e861900\u5e74\u5728\u534e\u5317\u5730\u533a\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fe1\u4f17\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u8fd0\u52a8\u2014\u2014\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u201c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4ece\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u5916\u4eba\u7acb\u573a\u51fa\u53d1\u63cf\u5199\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u4e66\u67b6\u4e0a\u7684\u4e66\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u82f1\u6587\u4e66\uff09\u5168\u90fd\u5728\u8be6\u7ec6\u7cbe\u5de7\u5730\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u60f3\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6765\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5374\u662f\u589e\u8fdb\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5229\u76ca\u5e76\u4e14\u963b\u6b62\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5217\u5f3a\u7684\u56fe\u8c0b\u201d\uff0c\u4f55\u5929\u7235\u5728\u5176\u540c\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u300b\u7684\u5e8f\u8a00\u91cc\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u5374\u660e\u663e\u5730\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u6c89\u9ed8\u3002\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e66\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u66ff\u67d0\u79cd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u8fa9\u62a4\u6216\u8005\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5408\u4f5c\u800c\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u516c\u6b63\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u76ee\u7684\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63cf\u7ed8\u5e1d\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u6240\u611f\u6240\u6b32\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63cf\u7ed8\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u4e86\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u65e2\u4e0d\u4ece\u672c\u5730\u4eba\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4ece\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u5f97\u51fa\u5bbd\u6cdb\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u597d\u5904\u4e0a\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4f55\u5929\u7235\u7684\u8bdd\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u754c\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u8f6c\u5411\u7684\u8bf4\u8f9e\u548c\u201c\u8d31\u6c11\u80fd\u8bf4\u8bdd\u201d(the Sulbaltern can speak)\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u60a6\u8033\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u540c\u60c5\u548c\u9f13\u52b1\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u53d1\u8868\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u5c31\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u4f55\u5929\u7235\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002\u4f55\u5929\u7235\u66fe\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7267\u5e08\uff0c1869\u5e74\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u5e38\u9a7b\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u540e\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u4f7f\u9986\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u53c2\u8d5e\u7b49\u5916\u4ea4\u804c\u52a1\u3002\u4ed61885\u5e74\u5c31\u56de\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u660e\u6069\u6ea5\u90a3\u6837\u4eb2\u5386\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u4f55\u5929\u7235\u53ea\u662f\u501f\u7531\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u6765\u53cd\u601d\u6b64\u524d\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5bf9\u534e\u653f\u7b56\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u5f85\u5728\u7f8e\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u5404\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u884c\u5f84\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8d2a\u5a6a\u3001\u4fb5\u7565\u3001\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u8d2f\u7684\u6c14\u52bf\u51cc\u4eba\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u201d\uff08The conduct of European governments toward China, their greed, aggression, and general attitude of domination\uff09\u30021906\u5e74\u4f55\u5929\u7235\u5728\u300a\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u6708\u520a\u300b\uff08The Atlantic\uff09\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u534e\u4f20\u6559\u4e8b\u4e1a\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b65\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u5217\u5f3a\u7684\u540e\u5c18\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5efa\u8bae\u201c\u6062\u590d\u5bf9\u5f85\u7f8e\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u610f\u6b32\u6765\u7f8e\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4f53\u9762\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u2026\u2026\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6062\u590d\u4e4b\u524d\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u516c\u6b63\u3001\u771f\u8bda\u3001\u548c\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u786e\u4fdd\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u91cd\u62fe\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u548c\u8d62\u56de\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8fc7\u5931\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u201d\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u540e\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u201c\u4ec1\u6148\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d(Benevolent Imperialism)\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u540c\u610f\u7528\u5e9a\u5b50\u8d54\u6b3e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e2e\u52a9\u57f9\u517b\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u57fa\u91d1\u548c\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u7ea7\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u6295\u5165\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u91d1\u548c\u4eba\u529b\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u548c\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u534e\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e5f\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u4f55\u5929\u7235\u548c\u660e\u6069\u6ea5\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u5021\u8bae\u548c\u6e38\u8bf4\uff08\u660e\u6069\u6ea51906\u5e74\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bf4\u670d\u65f6\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u897f\u5965\u591a\u00b7\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u628a1200\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5e9a\u5b50\u8d54\u6b3e\u8bbe\u7acb\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u6210\u7acb\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

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