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B. Morse, International Relations of the Chinese Empire, London &amp; New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1910, vol. 1, pp. 621-626\uff1b\u7531\u82f1\u65b9\u8bd1\u5458\u9a6c\u5112\u7ff0[John Robert Morrison, 1814-1843]\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e4b\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u300a\u5df4\u9ea6\u5c0a\u5b50\u7235\u81f4\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\u94a6\u5b9a\u5bb0\u76f8\u4e66\u300b[\u4e00\u822c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5df4\u9ea6\u5c0a\u7167\u4f1a\u201d]\u89c1\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\u82f1\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u6863\u6848FO 663\/46, pp. 135-136\uff1b\u53c8\u89c1\u4f50\u4f50\u6728\u6b63\u54c9\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u306e\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u7bc7\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u4e1c\u4eac\uff1a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c1964\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c3-7\u9875\uff09\u3002\u65f6\u4efb\u82f1\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u5546\u52a1\u76d1\u7763\u4e49\u5f8b\uff08Charles Elliot, 1801-1875\uff09\uff0c\u8fde\u540c\u6d77\u519b\u7edf\u5e05\u61ff\u5f8b\uff08George Elliot, 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src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/055062154757ef33\" 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f08\u300a\u5211\u90e8\u8fdb\u5448\u7426\u5584\u4eb2\u4f9b\u4e00\u4ef6\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u6863\u6848\u53f2\u6599\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u518c\uff0c473-474\u9875\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7426\u5584\u53c8\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u5176\u5b9e\u6000\u7591\u9c8d\u9e4f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1a\u201c\u5bdf\u770b\u9c8d\u9e4f\u4ec5\u901a\u5937\u8bed\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u80fd\u4e3a\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5176\u4eba\uff3b\u9c8d\u9e4f\uff3d\u4ec5\u901a\u5937\u8bed\uff0c\u662f\u6cbb\u4e8e\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6cbb\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u201c\u53ea\u53ef\u4ee4\u5176\u7167\u6587\u4f20\u8bdd\u800c\u5df2\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5211\u90e8\u8fdb\u5448\u7426\u5584\u53c8\u4e00\u4ef6\u4eb2\u4f9b\u300b\uff0c\u540c\u524d\uff0c509\u9875\uff1b\u300a\u5c71\u4e1c\u5de1\u629a\u6258\u6d51\u5e03\u594f\u4e3a\u9075\u65e8\u67e5\u660e\u4e0a\u5e74\u7426\u5584\u7531\u5c71\u4e1c\u643a\u9c8d\u9e4f\u540c\u884c\u60c5\u5f62\u6298\u300b\uff0c\u540c\u524d\uff0c491\u9875\uff09\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ed6\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u7528\u9c8d\u9e4f\uff0c\u9c8d\u9e4f\u4e5f\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u673a\u5bc6\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6cc4\u6f0f\u51fa\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/c92df0f6acafd777\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7426\u5584\u548c\u4e49\u5f8b\u89c1\u9762\u7684\u8425\u5730\uff0cE. T. Wigan\u7ed8\uff0c\u8f7d\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5965\u514b\u7279\u6d1b\u5c3c\uff08John Ouchterlony\uff09\u8457\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u300b\uff08The Chinese War\uff09\uff0c1844\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u770b\u7531\u777f\u4eb2\u738b\u4f1a\u540c\u5211\u90e8\u5728\u8c03\u67e5\u540e\u5411\u9053\u5149\u5448\u4ea4\u7684\u594f\u6298\uff08\u6709\u5173\u5211\u90e8\u777f\u4eb2\u738b\u5bf9\u9c8d\u9e4f\u5ba1\u8baf\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u89c1\u300a\u777f\u4eb2\u738b\u4ec1\u5bff\u7b49\u594f\u4e3a\u4f1a\u540c\u5ba1\u62df\u9c8d\u9e4f\u79c1\u5145\u82f1\u4eba\u4e70\u529e\u6848\u7531\u6298\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u6863\u6848\u53f2\u6599\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u518c\uff0c55-57\u9875\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u62a5\u544a\u751a\u4e3a\u8be6\u5c3d\uff0c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u9c8d\u9e4f\u201c\u5c61\u52a0\u5211\u8d23\u201d\u540e\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u53e3\u4f9b\u3002\u636e\u8be5\u594f\u6298\u8bf4\uff0c\u9c8d\u9e4f\u539f\u7c4d\u5e7f\u4e1c\u9999\u5c71\u53bf\uff0c\u81ea\u5e7c\u5b66\u4e60\u5916\u8bed\uff0c\u9053\u5149\u4e5d\u5e74\u4e3a\u4e00\u95f4\u7f8e\u56fd\u5546\u9986\u5145\u5f53\u4e70\u529e\u3002\u9053\u5149\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff0c\u9c8d\u9e4f\u4e00\u4f4d\u65cf\u53d4\u9c8d\u4eba\u9986\u4ee5\u9c8d\u6c49\u8bb0\u540d\u4e49\u5728\u6fb3\u95e8\u7533\u8bf7\u5f97\u724c\u7167\uff08\u636e\u5609\u5e86\u5341\u56db\u5e74[1809]\uff0c\u4e24\u5e7f\u603b\u7763\u767e\u9f84\u53ca\u7ca4\u6d77\u5173\u76d1\u7763\u5e38\u663e\u6240\u594f\uff0c\u4e70\u529e\u4e00\u5411\u90fd\u987b\u7533\u9886\u724c\u7167\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7531\u6fb3\u95e8\u540c\u77e5\u6240\u53d1\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6539\u4e3a\u7ca4\u6d77\u5173\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u76d1\u7ba1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u201c\u55e3\u540e\u5937\u5546\u4e70\u529e\uff0c\u5e94\u4ee4\u7531\u6fb3\u95e8\u540c\u77e5\u5c31\u8fd1\u9009\u62e9\u571f\u8457\u6bb7\u5b9e\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u53d6\u5177\u65cf\u957f\u4fdd\u90bb\u5207\u5177\uff0c\u59cb\u51c6\u627f\u5145\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e0e\u8170\u724c\u5370\u7167\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u6fb3\u95e8\u8005\u7531\u8be5\u540c\u77e5\u67e5\u7a3d\u67e5\uff1b\u5982\u5728\u9ec4\u57d4\uff0c\u5373\u4ea4\u756a\u79ba\u53bf\u5c31\u7a3d\u67e5\u201d\uff0c\u300a\u7ca4\u6d77\u5173\u5fd7\u300b\u5377\u4e8c\u5341\u516b[\u5937\u5546\u4e09]\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002\u5e74\uff0c548-549\u9875\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u5546\u98a0\u5730\u9986\u5185\u4efb\u4e70\u529e\uff0c\u540e\u9c8d\u4eba\u9986\u4ee5\u75c5\u56de\u5bb6\uff0c\u9c8d\u9e4f\u79c1\u81ea\u4ee3\u5145\uff0c\u4e3a\u6d0b\u4eba\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u5e38\u8d77\u5c45\u6240\u9700\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u8d5a\u53d6\u5de5\u94f6\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u66fe\u4ee3\u5176\u4ed6\u901a\u4e8b\u8d2d\u4e70\u9e26\u7247\u70df\u571f\uff0c\u540e\u906d\u52d2\u7d22\u501f\u6b3e\uff0c\u9c8d\u9e4f\u4e3a\u514d\u53d7\u62d6\u7d2f\uff0c\u9042\u9003\u81f3\u5c71\u4e1c\uff0c\u6295\u9760\u540c\u4e61\u6f4d\u53bf\u77e5\u53bf\u62db\u5b50\u5eb8\u3002\u5728\u77e5\u6089\u672a\u88ab\u63a7\u544a\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u539f\u62df\u8fd4\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u521a\u5de7\u6709\u6d0b\u8239\u5230\u8fbe\u5c71\u4e1c\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u5de1\u629a\u6258\u6d51\u5e03\u547d\u9c8d\u9e4f\u524d\u8d74\u63a2\u8be2\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7426\u5584\u521a\u5949\u6d3e\u5230\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4e0e\u6d0b\u4eba\u8bae\u548c\uff0c\u5373\u81f4\u4fe1\u6258\u6d51\u5e03\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5e26\u9c8d\u9e4f\u540c\u884c\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u594f\u6298\u770b\uff0c\u7426\u5584\u6240\u8bf4\u4ed6\u5f81\u7528\u9c8d\u9e4f\u4f5c\u901a\u4e8b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u9c8d\u9e4f\u662f\u6797\u5219\u5f90\u6240\u201c\u6307\u62ff\u4e4b\u72af\u201d\uff0c\u5211\u90e8\u5ba1\u8baf\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u67e5\u51fa\u4e86\u9c8d\u9e4f\u88ab\u901a\u8f91\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u65cf\u53d4\u66fe\u4e3a\u6797\u5219\u5f90\u6240\u8bbf\u62ff\u7a76\u95ee\uff0c\u5728\u8bc1\u660e\u65e0\u72af\u6848\u5b9e\u636e\u800c\u91ca\u653e\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u996c\u62ff\u9c8d\u9e4f\u67e5\u8bc1\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u70b9\u770b\uff0c\u7426\u5584\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\u201c\u5377\u5185\u65e2\u65e0\u544a\u53d1\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u4ea6\u65e0\u6307\u8bc1\u4e4b\u6848\u201d\u4e5f\u662f\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u9c8d\u9e4f\u7684\u7f6a\u72b6\uff0c\u5211\u90e8\u5ba1\u8baf\u7684\u6700\u540e\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\u9c8d\u9e4f\u6240\u72af\u7684\u201c\u5b9e\u6b62\u79c1\u5145\u5937\u4eba\u4e70\u529e\uff0c\u56fe\u8d5a\u94f6\u94b1\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee3\u4eba\u4e70\u8fc7\u70df\u571f\u70df\u818f\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u53e6\u6709\u4e0d\u6cd5\u522b\u6848\u201d\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5211\u8baf\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u662f\u201c\u5373\u53d1\u5f80\u65b0\u7586\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b98\u5175\u4e3a\u5974\uff0c\u9047\u8d66\u4e0d\u8d66\u201d\uff08\u300a\u777f\u4eb2\u738b\u4ec1\u5bff\u7b49\u594f\u4e3a\u4f1a\u540c\u5ba1\u62df\u9c8d\u9e4f\u79c1\u5145\u82f1\u4eba\u4e70\u529e\u6848\u7531\u6298\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u6863\u6848\u53f2\u6599\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u518c\uff0c57\u9875\uff1b\u300a\u8457\u5c06\u9c8d\u9e4f\u53d1\u5f80\u4f0a\u9ece\u7ed9\u5b98\u5175\u4e3a\u5974\u62db\u5b50\u5eb8\u9769\u804c\u6258\u6d51\u5e03\u8bae\u5904\u4e0a\u8c15\u300b\uff0c\u540c\u524d\uff0c61\u9875\uff1b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u9c8d\u9e4f\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u82f1\u56fd\u519b\u5b98\u5bbe\u6c49[J. Elliot Bingham]\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u6709\u5173\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u8bb0\u8ff0\u91cc\u8bb0\u8bf4\u9c8d\u9e4f\u88ab\u51cc\u8fdf\u5904\u6b7b\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e5f\u53d7\u7275\u8fde\uff0cJ. Elliot Bingham, Narrative of the Expedition to China, From the Commencement of the War to Its Termination in 1842, London: Henry Colburn, Second Edition, 1843, vol. 1, p. 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Elliot Bingham\uff09\u7684Narrative of the Expedition to China, From the Commencement of the War to Its Termination in 1842\u51fa\u73b0\u9c8d\u9e4f\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff08\u5176\u5b9e\uff0cEdward Belcher\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u4e5f\u6709\u63d0\u9c8d\u9e4f\u4ee3\u8868\u7426\u5584\u4e0e\u4e49\u5f8b\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u53ea\u8bf4\u6709\u4e00\u540d\u4ece\u524d\u98a0\u5730\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e70\u529e\uff0c\u66f4\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0e\u9c8d\u9e4f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u89c1Edward Belcher, Narrative of a Voyage Round the World, Performed in Her Majesty\u2019s Ship Sulphur, During the Years 1836-1842. Including Details of the Naval Operations in China, from De. 1840, to Nov. 1841, London: Henry Colburn, 1843, vol. 2, p. 147\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bfb\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\u5e76\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u65e9\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\u7ecf\u7531\u9f50\u601d\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u82f1\u519b\u5728\u534e\u4f5c\u6218\u8bb0\u201d\u7684\u4e66\u540d\u6536\u5728\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u4e1b\u520a\u00b7\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u5185\uff08[\u82f1]\u5bbe\u6c49\uff1a\u300a\u82f1\u519b\u5728\u534e\u4f5c\u6218\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u5bff\u7eaa\u745c\u3001\u9f50\u601d\u548c\u8bd1\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u4e1b\u520a\u00b7\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u518c\uff0c\u7b2c5-334\u9875\uff09\u3002\u5728\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bbe\u6c49\u591a\u6b21\u8bf4\u5230\u9c8d\u9e4f\u4ee3\u8868\u7426\u5584\u4e0e\u4e49\u5f8b\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u7426\u5584\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9c8d\u9e4f\u7684\uff08vol. 2, p. 40\uff09\u3002\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u9c8d\u9e4f\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u7426\u5584\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u673a\u5bc6\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8c08\u5224\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/d5842c8b096db870\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u4e1b\u520a\u00b7\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u518c\u6536\u5f55\u4e86\u300a\u82f1\u519b\u5728\u534e\u4f5c\u6218\u8bb0\u300b<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u7426\u5584\u660e\u786e\u8bf4\u8fc7\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u5e7f\u5dde\u7684\u901a\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u53c8\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u627e\u4eba\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u90a3\u91cd\u7528\u9c8d\u9e4f\u4fbf\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8fc7\u5931\u3002\u5e94\u8be5\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7426\u5584\u672a\u88ab\u9769\u804c\u67e5\u529e\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8ddf\u4e49\u5f8b\u8c08\u5224\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u5411\u9053\u5149\u7687\u5e1d\u8fdb\u594f\uff0c\u62a5\u5bfc\u8c08\u5224\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u594f\u7ae0\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u6c47\u62a5\u7531\u9c8d\u9e4f\u62c5\u4efb\u901a\u4e8b\u4e4b\u804c\uff0c\u4ece\u6ca1\u6709\u9690\u7792\uff08\u300a\u94a6\u5dee\u5927\u81e3\u7426\u5584\u594f\u62a5\u82f1\u8239\u81ea\u6d59\u56de\u7ca4\u73b0\u5728\u5927\u6982\u60c5\u5f62\u6298\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u6863\u6848\u53f2\u6599\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u518c\uff0c582-583\u9875\uff1b\u300a\u94a6\u5dee\u5927\u81e3\u7426\u5584\u594f\u62a5\u82f1\u4eba\u4fb5\u8feb\u65e5\u7d27\u60c5\u5f62\u6298\u300b\uff0c\u540c\u524d\uff0c613-614\u9875\uff1b\u300a\u94a6\u5dee\u5927\u81e3\u7426\u5584\u594f\u9648\u82f1\u5360\u70ae\u53f0\u864e\u95e8\u548c\u7701\u57a3\u73b0\u62d2\u5b88\u4e24\u96be\u6298\u300b\uff0c\u540c\u524d\uff0c747\u9875\uff09\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u662f\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4efd\u594f\u6298\u91cc\uff0c\u7426\u5584\u66fe\u6e05\u695a\u8bf4\u201c\u9c8d\u9e4f\u56e0\u80fd\u4f5c\u756a\u8bed\uff0c\u53c8\u5411\u4e49\u5f8b\u5bc6\u8c08\u201d\uff08\u540c\u524d\uff0c613\u9875\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8c01\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u201c\u5bc6\u8c08\u201d\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u59a5\u5f53\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7426\u5584\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u9053\u5149\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u671d\u81e3\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u6216\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u7528\u9c8d\u9e4f\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u4e00\u6837\u8981\u501a\u8d56\u5176\u4ed6\u4e70\u529e\u901a\u4e8b\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u9c8d\u9e4f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u6709\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u5927\u6982\u7684\u786e\u662f\u5f88\u60f9\u4eba\u8ba8\u538c\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u4f53\u5236\u91cc\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e70\u529e\u901a\u4e8b\u90fd\u8ddf\u5b98\u5458\u4fdd\u6301\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u5955\u5c71\u594f\u6298\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u901a\u4e8b\u8521\u61cb\u90fd\u65f6\u5e38\u4e3a\u5b98\u5458\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u4f46\u9c8d\u9e4f\u4fbf\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6021\u826f\u628a\u4ed6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u7cfb\u4e70\u529e\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u53ef\u6076\u4e4b\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u9ad8\u4eba\u9274\u4e5f\u8bf4\u5728\u7426\u5584\u5230\u5e7f\u4e1c\u524d\uff0c\u9c8d\u9e4f\u201c\u5176\u4e0d\u5b89\u5206\uff0c\u4f5c\u5978\u72af\u79d1\uff0c\u4e1a\u5df2\u8d25\u9732\u4e8e\u524d\u201d\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u5bbe\u6c49\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e5f\u5f88\u80fd\u89c1\u5230\u9c8d\u9e4f\u90a3\u79cd\u54c1\u683c\u5351\u52a3\u7684\u5c0f\u4e11\u5f62\u8c61\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u4ed6\u5230\u6fb3\u95e8\u53bb\uff0c\u66fe\u53bb\u62dc\u8bbf\u4ed6\u7684\u65e7\u65e5\u4e3b\u4eba\u98a0\u5730\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53bb\u770b\u4ed6\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u4f63\u5de5\u540c\u4e8b\u3002\u4f63\u5de5\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5c31\u5632\u7b11\u8d77\u4ed6\u7684\u589e\u9ad8\u4e86\u7684\u8eab\u4ef7\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u8df3\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u53f3\u81c2\u4f38\u51fa\uff0c\u62f3\u5934\u7d27\u63e1\uff0c\u7834\u53e3\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4eba\u7269\u5417\uff1f\u4f60\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6211\u53bb\u4e70\u4e00\u65a4\u7c73\uff0c\u4e00\u53ea\u9e21\u5417\uff1f\u4e0d\u662f\uff01\u6211\u662f\u5927\u4eba\u7269\u554a\uff01\u6211\u7684\u624b\u4e2d\u6293\u7740\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u6293\u7740\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u8981\u662f\u6211\u6253\u5f00\u5b83\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u8981\u662f\u6211\u5408\u4e0a\u5b83\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u6253\u4ed7\u3002\u201d\uff08\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bd1\u6587\u5f15\u81ea\u5bff\u7eaa\u745c\u3001\u9f50\u601d\u548c\u6240\u8bd1\u300a\u82f1\u519b\u5728\u534e\u4f5c\u6218\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u4e1b\u520a\u00b7\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u518c\uff0c174\u9875\uff1b\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6cd5\u8868\u8fbe\u539f\u6587\u5bf9\u9c8d\u9e4f\u5e7f\u4e1c\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u7cbe\u5f69\u8bb0\u5f55\u53ca\u6479\u4eff\uff0cBingham, Narrative of the Expedition to China, vol. 2, pp. 40-41\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u4e5f\u5bf9\u9c8d\u9e4f\u7684\u5916\u5f62\u548c\u884c\u5f84\u6709\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0cibid., vol. 1, 248-249\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u8bf4\u9c8d\u9e4f\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u96be\u4ee5\u5fcd\u53d7\u7684\u9a97\u5b50\u201d\uff08\u540c\u524d\uff0c249\u9875\uff09\uff0c\u65f6\u5e38\u634f\u9020\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u69a8\u53d6\u91d1\u94b1\uff08\u540c\u524d\uff0c 256-257\u9875\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8db3\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u6c49\u5978\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0a\u6587\u5df2\u6307\u51fa\u8fc7\uff0c\u7ecf\u7531\u5211\u90e8\u53ca\u4e00\u4f17\u4eb2\u738b\u5411\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u58eb\u67e5\u95ee\u5ba1\u8baf\u540e\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e5f\u67e5\u8bc1\u4e0d\u51fa\u9c8d\u9e4f\u6709\u6cc4\u9732\u519b\u4e8b\u673a\u5bc6\u3001\u5145\u5f53\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u95f4\u8c0d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u65f6\u4e00\u8d77\u53c2\u52a0\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u5e7f\u4e1c\u5343\u603b\u767d\u542b\u7ae0\u3001\u5b88\u5907\u5f20\u6bbf\u5143\u3001\u5343\u603b\u845b\u9e23\u5f6a\u7b49\u4e5f\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7426\u5584\u4e0e\u4e49\u5f8b\u89c1\u9762\u7684\u786e\u662f\u7531\u9c8d\u9e4f\u548c\u9a6c\u5112\u7ff0\u4f20\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u4f0a\u7b49\u5728\u65c1\u4f8d\u7acb\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u523b\u79bb\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u5b9e\u672a\u89c1\u9c8d\u9e4f\u6709\u4f55\u79c1\u5f0a\u201d\uff08\u300a\u548c\u7855\u777f\u4eb2\u738b\u4ec1\u5bff\u7b49\u594f\u8bf7\u91ca\u653e\u767d\u542b\u7b49\u4eba\u6298\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u6863\u6848\u53f2\u6599\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u518c\uff0c530-531\u9875\uff09\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53d7\u5ba1\u67e5\u7684\u7426\u5584\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u88ab\u5224\u201c\u65a9\u76d1\u5019\uff0c\u79cb\u540e\u5904\u51b3\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8457\u5c06\u7426\u5584\u65a9\u76d1\u5019\u79cb\u540e\u5904\u51b3\u4e8b\u4e0a\u8c15\u300b\uff0c\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c614\u9875\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7426\u5584\u6700\u7ec8\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5904\u65a9\uff0c\u5148\u662f\u53d1\u914d\u519b\u53f0\uff0c\u540e\u53c8\u83b7\u5f97\u8d66\u514d\uff0c\u91cd\u59d4\u5b98\u804c\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u9a7b\u85cf\u5927\u81e3\u3001\u70ed\u6cb3\u90fd\u7edf\u3001\u56db\u5ddd\u603b\u7763\u53ca\u965c\u7518\u603b\u7763\u7b49\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u81f31854\u5e74\u75c5\u901d\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u9c8d\u9e4f\u5219\u53ea\u662f\u53d1\u5224\u5145\u519b\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u8fd9\u8db3\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5ba1\u8baf\u7ed3\u679c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u9c8d\u9e4f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u95f4\u8c0d\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4ed6\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u6cd5\u5904\u51b3\u7684\uff0c\u5211\u90e8\u53ca\u5404\u4eb2\u738b\u5b9e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u7279\u522b\u8981\u8892\u62a4\u6216\u4f18\u5f85\u9c8d\u9e4f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u5374\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u6761\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u770b\u6765\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u9c8d\u9e4f\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u786e\u66fe\u7ecf\u51fa\u5356\u6e05\u5ef7\uff0c\u5411\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u519b\u4e8b\u60c5\u62a5\u3002\u8fd9\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u81ea\u4e00\u672c\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u9646\u519b\u90e8\u6240\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4ece\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c<\/p>\n<p>\u7b14\u8005\u5728\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u9879\u6709\u5173\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5728\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u591a\u6b21\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6863\u6848\u9986\uff08The National Archives, UK\uff09\u67e5\u9605\u82f1\u56fd\u6240\u85cf\u6863\u6848\u3002\u4e09\u5e74\u524d\u5728\u6863\u6848\u9986\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4efd\u7f16\u53f7WO 30\/146\u7684\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u540d\u5b57\u53ebDraft Official History of the China War, 1840-1842\uff0c\u76f4\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u5b98\u65b9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u7a3f\uff081840-1842\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8bd1\u540d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u201c\u82f1\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u7a3f\u201d\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\uff09\u3002\u5c31\u7b14\u8005\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4e2d\u3001\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u89c1\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u63d0\u53ca\u6216\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u90e8\u4e00\u76f4\u85cf\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6863\u6848\u9986\u7684\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u7a3f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u4ee5\u7d2b\u8272\u786c\u76ae\u9489\u88c5\uff0c\u5168\u4e66\u4e09\u767e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u9875\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6b63\u6587\u4e00\u767e\u4e5d\u5341\u4e09\u9875\uff0c\u9644\u5f55\u4e00\u767e\u4e09\u5341\u9875\uff0c\u53e6\u6709\u624b\u7ed8\u5730\u56fe\u5341\u4e03\u5e45\u3002\u4e66\u7a3f\u4ee5\u6253\u5b57\u673a\u6253\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5e03\u5c40\u5341\u5206\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u7a3f\u4ef6\uff08draft\uff09\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5e8f\u8a00\u6216\u540e\u8bb0\uff0c\u5168\u4e66\u7b2c\u4e00\u9875\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\uff1aDraft Official History of the China War, 1840-1842\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u5c31\u662f\u4e24\u9875\u7684\u5404\u7ae0\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u9644\u5f55\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u5927\u534a\u9875\u7684\u5730\u56fe\u8868\uff0c\u4e0b\u534a\u9875\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u4e00\u9875\u662f\u4e66\u76ee\uff0c\u5148\u5f00\u5217\u201c\u5b98\u65b9\u4f5c\u54c1\u53ca\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\uff08Official Works and Papers\uff09\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u53ea\u6709\u516d\u9879\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u6bcf\u9879\u90fd\u662f\u6863\u6848\u6027\u7684\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u54c1\uff08Miscellaneous Works\uff09\u5341\u4e03\u79cd\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5df2\u51fa\u7248\u4e0e\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4e13\u8457\u3001\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u3001\u671f\u520a\u7b49\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u5c31\u662f\u6b63\u6587\uff0c\u5206\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u7ae0\uff0c\u9644\u5f55\u5171\u4e03\u7bc7\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c31\u662f\u5730\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u64b0\u5199\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6cd5\u51c6\u786e\u77e5\u9053\u6210\u4e66\u7684\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u8c01\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u66fe\u5199\u4fe1\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6863\u6848\u9986\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u8ba9\u6211\u53c2\u8003\u6863\u6848\u9986\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u53ef\u60dc\u6863\u6848\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u63cf\u8ff0\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6599\u53bb\u5c1d\u8bd5\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e00\u4e0b\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/16a749754f9ae4ec\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u6444\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6863\u6848\u9986\u524d\uff0c2017\u5e748\u6708\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u67e5\u9605\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\u662fWO 30\/146\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u539f\u6765\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u9646\u519b\u90e8\uff08War Office\uff09\u7684\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u9646\u519b\u90e8\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1855\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u7531the Office of the Secretary-at-War\u53cathe office of the Secretary State for War\u5408\u5e76\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u79f0\u4e3athe War Department\uff0c1857\u5e74\u6539\u4e3athe War Office\uff08http:\/\/discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/details\/r\/C259\uff09\u3002\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u9646\u519b\u90e8\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7684\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u9646\u519b\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u8ddf\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u548c\u7a7a\u519b\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u6784\u6210\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u9646\u519b\u90e8\u6863\u6848\u4e0d\u5c11\u539f\u85cf\u4e8e\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff08Ministry of Defence Library\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u4e0a\u4fbf\u76d6\u6709\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u5370\u7ae0\u3002\u9646\u519b\u90e8\u6863\u6848\u79fb\u81f3\u56fd\u5bb6\u6863\u6848\u9986\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5WO\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5168\u5b97\u53f7\u3002\u6839\u636e\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6863\u6848\u9986\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0cWO\u5168\u5b97\u4e0b\u6709\u56db\u767e\u5341\u4e03\u4e2a\u7cfb\u5217\uff0cWO 30\u662f\u201c\u9646\u519b\u90e8\uff0c\u524d\u8eab\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\uff1a\u6742\u9879\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\uff08War Office, predecessors and associated departments: Miscellaneous Papers\uff09\uff0c\u5171\u4e00\u767e\u56db\u5341\u4e03\u518c\uff08volumes\uff09\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\u81ea1645\u81f31951\u5e74\uff0c1970\u5e74\u4ece\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\uff08Ministry of Defence\uff09\u8f6c\u9001\u56fd\u5bb6\u6863\u6848\u9986\uff08http:\/\/discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/details\/r\/C14239\uff09\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9646\u519b\u90e8\u6863\u6848\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\uff1f\u7b14\u8005\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u6240\u5f00\u59cb\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u7f16\u5199\u82f1\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u53f2\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\uff08The UK Government Official History Programme\uff09\u662f\u57281908\u5e74\u5f00\u5c55\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u5185\u9601\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff08Cabinet Office\uff09\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u5e1d\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Committee of Imperial Defence\uff09\u6240\u65b0\u8bbe\u7684\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u90e8\u201d\uff08Historical Branch\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u201c\u63d0\u4f9b\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u201d\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u201c\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u6863\u6848\u9986\u53d6\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u524d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u624b\u6750\u6599\u201d\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u201c\u63d0\u4f9b\u2018\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u50a8\u5907\u2019\uff0c\u4f9b\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u201d\uff08Cabinet Office, \u201cThe UK Government\u2019s Official Histories Programme,\u201d 27 September 2007, https:\/\/webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/20080205143007\/http:\/\/www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk\/publicationscheme\/published_information\/1\/officialhistory.aspx\uff09\u3002\u6700\u521d\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u53ea\u8d1f\u8d23\u7f16\u5199\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6d77\u519b\u53ca\u9646\u519b\u53f2\u201d\uff0c1966\u5e74\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u9996\u76f8\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\uff08James Harold Wilson, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx, 1916-1995\uff09\u7684\u5021\u8bae\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b98\u65b9\u53f2\u8ba1\u5212\u5305\u62ec\u548c\u5e73\u65f6\u671f\u91cd\u8981\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u523b\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u540e\u671f\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u91cc\uff0c\u4ece\u7b5b\u9009\u9898\u76ee\u3001\u786e\u5b9a\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u7a3f\u8d39\u7b49\u90fd\u6709\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff08\u5b98\u65b9\u53f2\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u5148\u7531\u5b98\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u5185\u9601\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a[Official Cabinet Committee on Official Histories]\u8d1f\u8d23\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4ea4\u7531\u4e3b\u8981\u653f\u515a\u4ee3\u8868\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662\u987e\u95ee\u5b98[Privy Counsellors]\u786e\u5b9a\uff1b\u786e\u5b9a\u9898\u76ee\u540e\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u63a8\u8350\u5728\u8be5\u9898\u76ee\u4e0a\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u62c5\u4efb\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u9996\u76f8\u59d4\u4efb\uff1b\u7ecf\u8fd9\u6b63\u5f0f\u59d4\u4efb\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6709\u6743\u67e5\u9605\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u5e9c\u6863\u6848\u5185\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u5185\u9601\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u7b14\u6b3e\u9879\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u51fa\u7248\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u6536\u53d6\u7a3f\u916c\u6216\u7248\u7a0e\uff1b\u5b98\u65b9\u53f2\u4f5c\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6709\u5173\u6570\u636e\u9610\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u7531\u5148\u4f5c\u597d\u5904\u7406\u624d\u80fd\u5411\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u9012\u4ea4\u4e66\u7a3f\uff0c\u540c\u524d\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u516c\u5f00\u51fa\u7248\u53d1\u884c\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u89c1\u5230\u4e00\u5957\u5728\u8f83\u65e9\u671f\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u662f\u65f6\u5e38\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u82f1\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u53f2\u201d\uff08British Official History\uff09\u3001\u57281923\u81f31949\u5e74\u95f4\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b98\u65b9\u6863\u7684\u5927\u6218\u53f2\u300b\uff08History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Committee of Imperial Defence\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u53f2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u9646\u519b\u5377\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u518c\u3001\u6d77\u519b\u5377\u4e94\u518c\u3001\u7a7a\u519b\u5377\u516d\u518c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6218\u4e89\u533b\u7597\u53f2\uff08http:\/\/www.greatwar.co.uk\/research\/books\/british-official-history-volumes.htm\uff09\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u522b\u7684\u662f\u300a\u65e5\u4fc4\u6218\u4e89\uff08\u6d77\u9646\u519b\uff09\u5b98\u65b9\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u82f1\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u5e1d\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u7f16\u5199\u51fa\u7248\u8fd9\u5957\u4e09\u5377\u534a\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u53f2\uff08Committee of Imperial Defence, Official History [Naval and Military] of the Russo-Japanese War, London: H. M. Stationery Office, 1910-1920, 3 vols\uff09\u3002\u4ece\u201c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u6863\u6848\u9986\u91cc\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u5b83\u662f\u8ba1\u5212\u5f00\u5c55\u521d\u671f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u53f2\u7a3f\uff0c\u4e00\u6765\u662f\u5728\u9648\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4e0e\u540e\u671f\u6b63\u5f0f\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u53f2\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\uff1b\u4e8c\u6765\u662f\u4ece\u53c2\u8003\u4e66\u76ee\u6240\u89c1\uff0c\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u5f00\u5217\u6700\u665a\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u662f1881\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u514b\u83b1\u5fb7\u7537\u7235\u79d1\u6797\u00b7\u574e\u8d1d\u5c14\u4f20\u300b\uff08The Life of Colin Campbell, Lord Clyde, by Lawrence Shadwell, London: William Blackwood and Sons, 1881\uff09\u3002\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u201c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u57281908\u5e74\u5f00\u5c55\u540e\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\u90fd\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u300a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b98\u65b9\u6863\u7684\u5927\u6218\u53f2\u300b\u662f\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u7b79\u5907\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u5199\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\u66f4\u662f\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u53ea\u56db\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u4fbf\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u5728\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u88ab\u6401\u7f6e\u4e00\u65c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56de\u5230\u9c8d\u9e4f\u3002\u5728\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u91cc\uff0c\u9c8d\u9e4f\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5728\u4e24\u5904\u5730\u65b9\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5145\u5206\u8bf4\u660e\u9c8d\u9e4f\u5728\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u7426\u5584\u4e0e\u4e49\u5f8b\u8c08\u5224\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u66f4\u5bf9\u9c8d\u9e4f\u51fa\u5356\u6e05\u5ef7\u7684\u6c49\u5978\u884c\u4e3a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9c8d\u9e4f\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5728\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u91cc\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u5728\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u300a\u7a7f\u9f3b\u8349\u7ea6\u300b\u7684\u7b7e\u7f72\u3002\u6839\u636e\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c1841\u5e742\u670811\u81f312\u65e5\uff0c\u4e49\u5f8b\u8ddf\u7426\u5584\u5546\u8c08\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\uff0c\u5e94\u5141\u518d\u7ed9\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba9\u7426\u5584\u62df\u5b9a\u6761\u7ea6\u7ec8\u7a3f\uff0c\u800c\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u8349\u7a3f\u5219\u4ea4\u7531\u201c\u7426\u5584\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u5bc6\u4f7f\u4fdd\u7ba1\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bc6\u4f7f\u5c31\u662f\u9c8d\u9e4f\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4e49\u5f8b\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u9c8d\u9e4f\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u4fbf\u57282\u670819\u65e5\u56de\u5230\u6fb3\u95e8\uff0c\u800c\u9c8d\u9e4f\u4e5f\u57282\u670818 \u65e5\u591c\u91cc\u4ece\u5e7f\u5dde\u76f4\u63a5\u8d76\u5230\u6fb3\u95e8\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5e26\u56de\u7b7e\u597d\u5b57\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f6c\u8fbe\u4e86\u7426\u5584\u60f3\u8981\u518d\u5bbd\u9650\u5341\u65e5\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u6bb5\u63cf\u8ff0\u5145\u5206\u8bf4\u660e\u9c8d\u9e4f\u5f97\u5230\u7426\u5584\u7684\u91cd\u7528\u548c\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u5728\u8c08\u5224\u4e2d\u80a9\u8d1f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u62a5\u5bfc\u7b97\u4e0d\u4e0a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u522b\u73cd\u8d35\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5176\u5b9e\u6765\u81ea\u5bbe\u6c49\u7684\u300a\u82f1\u519b\u5728\u534e\u4f5c\u6218\u5f55\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/53cb954e48feb2c4\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u7a7f\u9f3b\u8349\u7ea6\u300b<\/p>\n<p>\u9c8d\u9e4f\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5728\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u91cc\u51fa\u73b0\u5df2\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u6218\u4e8b\u5df2\u63a5\u8fd1\u5c3e\u58f0\u76841842\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u51c6\u5907\u4f5c\u6700\u540e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e00\u4e3e\u8feb\u4f7f\u6e05\u5ef7\u6295\u964d\uff0c\u7b7e\u7f72\u548c\u7ea6\u3002\u672c\u6765\uff0c\u9c8d\u9e4f\u6848\u65e9\u5df2\u5728\u65e9\u4e00\u5e74\u76848\u6708\u5ba1\u7ed3\uff0c\u9c8d\u9e4f\u4e5f\u7ecf\u53d1\u653e\u5145\u519b\uff08\u300a\u8457\u5c06\u9c8d\u9e4f\u53d1\u5f80\u4f0a\u9ece\u7ed9\u5b98\u5175\u4e3a\u5974\u62db\u5b50\u5eb8\u9769\u804c\u6258\u6d51\u5e03\u8bae\u5904\u4e0a\u8c15\u300b\uff0c\u540c\u524d\uff0c61\u9875\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u4f1a\u63d0\u5230\u4ed6\uff1f\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u7684\u8bb0\u8ff0\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u30101842\u5e746\u67081\u65e5\u3011\u7b79\u5212\u5df2\u4e45\u7684\u626c\u5b50\u6c5f\u6218\u5f79\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e0b\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e3e\u8feb\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5f7b\u5e95\u6295\u964d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6848\u6700\u65e9\u7531\u9c8d\u9e4f\u5411\u4e49\u5f8b\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u6b64\u4eba\u539f\u662f\u9093\u7279\u6d0b\u884c\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e70\u529e\u3002\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u5230\uff0c1841\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u7426\u5584\u66fe\u6d3e\u4ed6\u4ee5\u5bc6\u4f7f\u8eab\u4efd\u4e0e\u82f1\u65b9\u8c08\u5224\u30021840\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u4e49\u5f8b\u4e0a\u6821\u4ece\u767d\u6cb3\u8fd4\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u767b\u5dde\uff08Tong Chou\uff09\u4e0e\u9c8d\u9e4f\u6709\u8fc7\u6570\u6b21\u4ea4\u8c08\u3002\u767b\u5dde\u662f\u5c71\u4e1c\u534a\u5c9b\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u201c\u6469\u5e95\u58eb\u5e95\u201d\u53f7\u65f6\u5e38\u53bb\u767b\u5dde\u91c7\u4e70\u8865\u7ed9\u3002\u9c8d\u9e4f\u5411\u4e49\u5f8b\u4e0a\u6821\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5f53\u5c40\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fdc\u5904\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5931\u5b88\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5728\u610f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5e7f\u5dde\u3001\u821f\u5c71\uff1b\u4f46\u4e00\u65e6\u82f1\u519b\u8fdb\u653b\u626c\u5b50\u6c5f\uff0c\u5207\u65ad\u5927\u8fd0\u6cb3\u4e0a\u7cae\u8349\u8fdb\u4eac\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7ebf\uff0c\u6e05\u5ef7\u5fc5\u5b9a\u7acb\u5373\u7b54\u5e94\u82f1\u65b9\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u636e\u9c8d\u9e4f\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u6bd4\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u653b\u5317\u4eac\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u6548\u3002\uff08p. 168\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5f88\u5177\u9707\u61be\u6027\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u9c8d\u9e4f\u7684\u786e\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u901a\u756a\u5356\u56fd\u7684\u6c49\u5978\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u90fd\u53ea\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u9c8d\u9e4f\u53c2\u52a0\u7426\u5584\u4e0e\u4e49\u5f8b\u7684\u5e7f\u5dde\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u5728\u8bae\u548c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u628a\u7426\u5584\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u673a\u5bc6\u6d88\u606f\u9001\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u65e9\u57281840\u5e749\u6708\u82f1\u519b\u5357\u4e0b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9c8d\u9e4f\u5728\u5c71\u4e1c\u4e0e\u4e49\u5f8b\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u4e2d\u5df2\u505a\u51fa\u901a\u654c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c31\u662f\u5211\u90e8\u6240\u5f00\u5217\u67e5\u5ba1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u89e6\u53ca\u5c71\u4e1c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e5f\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8981\u7426\u5584\u89e3\u91ca\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u9c8d\u9e4f\u5176\u4eba\u5728\u5c71\u4e1c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u628a\u4ed6\u5e26\u5230\u5e7f\u5dde\u8bae\u548c\uff1b\u81f3\u4e8e\u201c\u9c8d\u9e4f\u4f20\u4e0e\u4e49\u5f8b\u7cfb\u4f55\u8bdd\u8bed\u201d\uff0c\u5ba1\u95ee\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5230\u8fbe\u5e7f\u5dde\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u600e\u6837\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u5c71\u4e1c\u65f6\u9c8d\u9e4f\u8ddf\u4e49\u5f8b\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\uff08\u300a\u5211\u90e8\u7b49\u8fdb\u5448\u8baf\u95ee\u7426\u5584\u5404\u6761\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u6863\u6848\u53f2\u6599\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u518c\uff0c458\u9875\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u9c8d\u9e4f\u4e0e\u4e49\u5f8b\u5728\u5c71\u4e1c\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u5728\u6e05\u5ef7\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u5c71\u4e1c\u5de1\u629a\u6258\u6d51\u5e03\u7684\u8bc1\u4f9b\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u6700\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u9053\u5149\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4e03\u6708\u95f4\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u519b\u8239\u5317\u4e0a\uff0c\u8def\u8fc7\u5c71\u4e1c\uff0c\u6258\u6d51\u5e03\u81ea\u79f0\u66fe\u201c\u5e26\u5175\u4eb2\u8be2\u767b\u5dde\u5e9c\u7763\u9632\u201d\uff0c\u516b\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u65e5\uff081840\u5e749\u670818\u65e5\uff09\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6218\u8239\u81ea\u5929\u6d25\u6298\u56de\uff0c\u201c\u6258\u5937\u8239\u5448\u9012\u5937\u4e66\uff0c\u6c42\u4e70\u98df\u7269\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u201c\u6587\u6b66\u5458\u5f01\u53c8\u7686\u4e0d\u901a\u5937\u8bed\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u6f4d\u53bf\u77e5\u53bf\u62db\u5b50\u5eb8\u90a3\u91cc\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5e7f\u4e1c\u5230\u6765\u6295\u9760\u7684\u540c\u4e61\u9c8d\u9e4f\u201c\u7c97\u6653\u5937\u8bed\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u582a\u4ee5\u501f\u4f5c\u901a\u4e8b\u201d\uff0c\u4fbf\u6d3e\u4eba\u628a\u9c8d\u9e4f\u5e26\u5230\u82f1\u519b\u5927\u8239\uff0c\u7ecf\u6c9f\u901a\u540e\u77e5\u9053\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u8981\u6c42\u8d2d\u4e70\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u81ea\u884c\u7ed9\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f46\u6258\u6d51\u5e03\u51b3\u5b9a\u201c\u914c\u8d4f\u725b\u7f8a\u83dc\u758f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5176\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u4e5f\u7acb\u5373\u79bb\u5f00\u5357\u4e0b\uff08\u300a\u5c71\u4e1c\u5de1\u629a\u6258\u6d51\u5e03\u594f\u4e3a\u9075\u65e8\u67e5\u660e\u4e0a\u5e74\u7426\u5584\u7531\u5c71\u4e1c\u643a\u9c8d\u9e4f\u540c\u884c\u60c5\u5f62\u6298\u300b\uff0c491\u9875\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u62a5\u544a\u4e5f\u5927\u62b5\u662f\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6b21\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6258\u6d51\u5e03\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u5c11\u4e24\u6b21\u5df2\u7ecf\u594f\u62a5\u8fc7\u671d\u5ef7\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6c47\u62a51840\u5e749\u670818\u65e5\u9c8d\u9e4f\u5230\u82f1\u519b\u8230\u8247\u5546\u8c08\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e49\u5f8b\u89c1\u8fc7\u9762\uff08\u300a\u5c71\u4e1c\u5de1\u629a\u6258\u6d51\u5e03\u594f\u62a5\u6d3e\u4eba\u8d74\u82f1\u8239\u63a2\u8be2\u60c5\u5f62\u7247\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u6863\u6848\u53f2\u6599\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u518c\uff0c402\u9875\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u8fc7\u51e0\u5929\u53c8\u518d\u594f\u5728\u8d4f\u7ed9\u98df\u7269\u540e\uff0c\u5937\u4eba\u5341\u5206\u611f\u6fc0\uff0c\u5f00\u8239\u79bb\u53bb\u3002\u6258\u6d51\u5e03\u201c\u4ee5\u62bc\u9001\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u6d3e\u6c34\u5e08\u5de1\u6d0b\u6b66\u5f01\u5e26\u540c\u7c97\u6653\u5937\u8bed\u4e4b\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4eba\u9c8d\u9e4f\u6cbf\u9014\u4fa6\u63a2\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5c71\u4e1c\u5de1\u629a\u6258\u6d51\u5e03\u594f\u62a5\u82f1\u8239\u5728\u767b\u5dde\u611f\u8c22\u6064\u8d4f\u60c5\u5f62\u7247\u300b\uff0c\u540c\u524d\uff0c427\u9875\uff09\u3002\u594f\u6298\u5185\u5bb9\u8ddf\u540e\u6765\u63d0\u4e0e\u5211\u90e8\u53e3\u4f9b\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u8db3\u89c1\u6258\u6d51\u5e03\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u51fa\u4e8b\u540e\u6545\u610f\u9690\u7792\u3002\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u4ed6\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6cd5\u786e\u77e5\u9c8d\u9e4f\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u5546\u8c08\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5373\u4ee5\u8d2d\u4e70\u98df\u7269\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6258\u6d51\u5e03\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u53d6\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u611f\u6fc0\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u8d4f\u7ed9\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u6839\u636e\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u9c8d\u9e4f\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u9c8d\u9e4f\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u6536\u53d6\u8d27\u6b3e\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u53d6\u5229\uff08Bingham, Narrative of the Expedition to China, pp. 256-257\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u6258\u6d51\u5e03\u5bf9\u9c8d\u9e4f\u6ca1\u6709\u6212\u5fc3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5728\u51e0\u4efd\u594f\u6298\u4e2d\u90fd\u8bb0\u4e0b\u6d3e\u5458\u966a\u540c\u9c8d\u9e4f\u4e00\u8d77\u524d\u5f80\uff0c \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba9\u9c8d\u9e4f\u72ec\u81ea\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5bbe\u6c49\u7684\u8bb0\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u9c8d\u9e4f\u540c\u6765\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u4e5f\u660e\u663e\u662f\u8d1f\u6709\u76d1\u5bdf\u9c8d\u9e4f\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5bbe\u6c49\u5374\u540c\u65f6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4e49\u5f8b\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4eba\uff3b\u9c8d\u9e4f\uff3d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u79c1\u4e0b\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6664\u9762\u7684\u8239\u8231\u592a\u72ed\u5c0f\u4e3a\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u8c22\u7edd\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u966a\u540c\uff08\u540c\u524d\uff0c251-252\u9875\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/c882b3b7eb5e8507\" 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Henry Pottinger, 1789-1856\uff09\u63a5\u66ff\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u82f1\u65b9\u9635\u8425\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u653b\u6253\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u4e5f\u4ee5\u811a\u6ce8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8ba1\u5212\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u57281840\u5e742\u6708\u5df2\u6709\u4eba\u5411\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u66fe\u53c2\u4e0e\u963f\u7f8e\u58eb\u5fb7\u4f7f\u56e2\u7684\u79d1\u5c14\u5207\u65af\u7279\u52cb\u7235\uff08Lord Colchester, Charles Abbot, 1798-1867\uff09\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u4ece\u5317\u4eac\u8fd4\u7a0b\u9014\u4e2d\u4ed6\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5982\u60f3\u5207\u65ad\u5927\u8fd0\u6cb3\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u8fd0\u8f93\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5927\u8fd0\u6cb3\u4e0e\u626c\u5b50\u6c5f\u7684\u4ea4\u6c47\u5904\u662f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u4e0b\u624b\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u201d\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e3a\u82f1\u519b\u51fa\u4efb\u8bd1\u5458\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u90ed\u5b9e\u814a\u636e\u8bf4\u4e5f\u66fe\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u76f4\u63a5\u653b\u6253\u5357\u4eac\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff08Charles G\u00fctzlaff, \u201cRemarks upon the Occupation of Nanking,\u201d #8303-105-856, National Army Museum, see Jessie Gregory Lutz, Opening China: K. F. A. G\u00fctzlaff and Sino-Western Relations, 1827-1852, Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2008, p. 108\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6700\u7ec8\u653b\u6253\u5357\u4eac\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e49\u5f8b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7684\u786e\u4e0e\u9c8d\u9e4f\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u800c\u786e\u5b9a\u9c8d\u9e4f\u4e0d\u662f\u6c49\u5978\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u5356\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u4ed6\u66fe\u5426\u5728\u653b\u6253\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5411\u4e49\u5f8b\u63d0\u4f9b\u60c5\u62a5\u548c\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u9c8d\u9e4f\u5c31\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u662f\u6c49\u5978\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ddf\u540e\u6765\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u91c7\u53d6\u4ec0\u4e48\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u3002\u5f88\u611f\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3a\u8fd9\u8bf4\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u66fe\u67e5\u9605\u82f1\u65b9\u6709\u5173\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u59cb\u53f2\u6599\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u95e8\uff1a1906\u5e74\u524d\u4e00\u822c\u901a\u4fe1\u201d\uff08Foreign Office: Political and Other departments: General Correspondence Before 1906, China\uff09\u7684FO 17\u6863\u6848\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u82f1\u65b9\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\uff0c\u6682\u65f6\u8fd8\u662f\u627e\u4e0d\u51fa\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u5173\u4e49\u5f8b\u4e0e\u9c8d\u9e4f\u5bc6\u8c08\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u201c\u5b98\u65b9\u201d\u6709\u5173\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8bb0\u8ff0\uff0c\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u8981\u8bf4\u91cc\u9762\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4e0d\u89c1\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u9c8d\u9e4f\u662f\u5426\u6c49\u5978\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u300a\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u65e0\u7591\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u80fd\u591f\u6f84\u6e05\u6211\u4eec\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u7591\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6587: \u738b\u5b8f\u5fd7\u00a0 \u00a0\u6765\u6e90:\u300a\u6f8e\u6e43\u65b0\u95fb\u00b7\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e66\u8bc4\u300b \u672c\u6765\uff0c\u9c8d\u9e4f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u662f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u7559\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u91cc\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u9e26\u7247 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5,10],"tags":[4391,19081],"views":74,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65196"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=65196"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65196\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":65250,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65196\/revisions\/65250"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=65196"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=65196"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=65196"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}