{"id":65775,"date":"2026-03-04T16:56:11","date_gmt":"2026-03-04T08:56:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=65775"},"modified":"2026-03-04T16:56:11","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T08:56:11","slug":"%e7%81%ab%e6%9e%aa%e3%80%81%e5%a4%a9%e4%b8%bb%e6%95%99%e5%92%8c%e6%ac%a7%e6%b4%b2%e4%ba%ba%e6%98%af%e6%80%8e%e6%a0%b7%e8%bf%9b%e5%85%a5%e6%97%a5%e6%9c%ac%e7%9a%84%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=65775","title":{"rendered":"\u706b\u67aa\u3001\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8fdb\u5165\u65e5\u672c\u7684\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4f5c\u8005:\u5218\u949d\u00a0 \u00a0\u6765\u6e90: \u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50<\/p>\n

\u5bfc \u8bfb<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u5165\u65e5\u672c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5883\u9047\u4e5f\u5927\u540c\u5c0f\u5f02\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u79f0\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u4e3a\u201c\u8fdc\u5937\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5219\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5206\u53c9\u8def\u51fa\u73b0\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u51c6\u5c06\u4f69\u91cc\uff08Matthew Perry,1794-1858\uff09\u7387\u9886\u70ae\u8230\u51b2\u8fdb\u6c5f\u6237\u6e7e\uff08\u5373\u4e1c\u4eac\u6e7e\uff09\uff0c\u8d27\u771f\u4ef7\u5b9e\u7684\u201c\u9ed1\u8239\u201d\u51fb\u6e83\u4e86\u65e7\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u65e7\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u95e8\u6237\u5b8c\u5168\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u4e2d\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c31\u6b64\u5448\u73b0\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u201d\u672c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u539f\u5730\u533a\u5bf9\u5357\u65b9\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u7684\u79f0\u8c13\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u768416\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5219\u4e13\u6307\u8461\u8404\u7259\u6216\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u660e\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u4f5b\u90ce\u673a\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u7406\u6982\u5ff5\u76f8\u5f53\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u591a\u4ece\u5357\u4e9a\u3001\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u6216\u5357\u6d77\u6cdb\u821f\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u6545\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u201d\uff08Nanban\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e58\u5750\u7684\u5927\u5e06\u8239\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u8239\u201d\u300216\u300117\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7ed8\u753b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u8239\u201d\u7684\u63cf\u7ed8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u72e9\u91ce\u5185\u81b3\uff081570-1616\uff09\u7ed8\u5236\u7684\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u5c4f\u98ce\u201d\u753b\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u5e45\u6d89\u53ca\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u540d\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u4ece\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u6700\u65e9\u89c1\u5230\u7684\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u201d\u8bf4\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u300a\u5357\u86ee\u4eba\u6e21\u6765\u56fe\u300b\u7684\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u201d\u9996\u9886\u4e0e\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4eec<\/p>\n

\n
0<\/strong>1<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\u79cd\u5b50\u5c9b\u201c\u94c1\u70ae\u201d<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

1543\u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u7684\u300a\u5929\u7403\u8fd0\u884c\u8bba\u300b\u4e0e\u7ef4\u8428\u7559\u65af\u7684\u300a\u4eba\u4f53\u6784\u9020\u300b\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u8258\u4ece\u66b9\u7f57\uff08\u6cf0\u56fd\uff09\u7ecf\u6fb3\u95e8\u9a76\u5f80\u821f\u5c71\u7fa4\u5c9b\u4e00\u5e26\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u8d70\u79c1\u8239\u906d\u9047\u53f0\u98ce\uff0c\u6f02\u6d41\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u4e5d\u5dde\u4ee5\u5357\u5927\u9685\u7fa4\u5c9b\u4e2d\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\u5c9b\uff08\u73b0\u5c5e\u9e7f\u513f\u5c9b\u53bf\u7ba1\u8f96\uff09\u4e0a\u3002\u8239\u957f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u79f0\u4e94\u5cf0\u5148\u751f\u7684\u201c\u5927\u660e\u5112\u751f\u201d\uff0c\u771f\u540d\u662f\u738b\u76f4\u6216\u6c6a\u76f4\uff0c\u5b89\u5fbd\u6b59\u53bf\u4eba\uff0c\u751f\u5e74\u4e0d\u8be6\u3002\u4ed6\u5982\u679c\u751f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u660e\u5916\u5411\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u8de8\u56fd\u5546\u8d38\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u8001\u603b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u626c\u5a01\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u9645\u9022\u660e\u671d\u7981\u6d77\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5f53\u4e2a\u6d77\u76d7\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u8001\u5927\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e8e1559\u5e74\u88ab\u5b98\u5e9c\u6355\u6740\u3002\u8bdd\u8bf4\u5f53\u5e74\u8239\u4e0a\u6709\u8fd1\u767e\u540d\u8239\u5458\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u88ab\u660e\u671d\u5b98\u6c11\u79f0\u4e3a\u502d\u5bc7\u7684\u6cd5\u5916\u4e4b\u5f92\uff0c\u8239\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u76f8\u8c8c\u7a7f\u7740\u4e0e\u4e1c\u65b9\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e5f\u4e0d\u901a\uff0c\u88ab\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u76ee\u4e3a\u5947\u89c2\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\u624b\u91cc\u603b\u662f\u62ff\u7740\u4ef6\u4e8c\u4e09\u5c3a\u957f\u7684\u94c1\u7ba1\uff0c\u6c89\u7538\u7538\u7684\uff0c\u88c5\u586b\u4e0a\u706b\u836f\uff0c\u4ee5\u706b\u7ef3\u5f15\u71c3\uff0c\u4e00\u9635\u6d53\u70df\u4e00\u58f0\u5de8\u54cd\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u94c5\u5f39\u5373\u53ef\u98de\u51fa\u6253\u51fb\u8fdc\u65b9\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n

\u79cd\u5b50\u5c9b\u7684\u9886\u4e3b\u60e0\u65f6\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3\u5c9b\u6d25\u6c0f\u7684\u5bb6\u81e3\uff0c\u5176\u5b50\u65f6\u5c27\uff081528-1579\uff09\u5f53\u5e74\u53ea\u670915\u5c81\uff0c\u95fb\u8baf\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u7387\u9886\u6570\u5341\u53f6\u5c0f\u821f\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u8258\u6d77\u76d7\u8239\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8239\u4e0a\u4e24\u4f4d\u201c\u86ee\u79cd\u201d\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u5bb6\u4ec0\u5341\u5206\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u51fa\u91cd\u91d1\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u201c\u94c1\u70ae\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u7784\u51c6\u3001\u53d1\u5c04\u4e0e\u5236\u5907\u706b\u836f\uff0c\u53c8\u7740\u5c9b\u4e0a\u6570\u540d\u94c1\u5320\u4eff\u5236\uff0c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\u3002\u7fcc\u5e74\u53c8\u6709\u201c\u86ee\u79cd\u8d3e\u80e1\u201d\u6765\u5c9b\uff0c\u9042\u8bf7\u8457\u540d\u5de5\u5320\u516b\u677f\u91d1\u5175\u536b\u62dc\u5e08\u5b66\u827a\uff0c\u201c\u6e10\u7ecf\u65f6\u6708\uff0c\u77e5\u5176\u5df7\u800c\u85cf\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c81\u4f59\u800c\u65b0\u5236\u6570\u5341\u4e4b\u94c1\u70ae\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5236\u9020\u3002\u201d\u5f53\u65f6\u65e5\u672c\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u7fa4\u96c4\u5272\u636e\u7684\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u9886\u4e3b\u3001\u5927\u540d\u95fb\u98ce\u800c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u201c\u79cd\u5b50\u5c9b\u94f3\u201d\uff08Tanegashima gun\uff09\u5c31\u4f20\u904d\u65e5\u672c\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u79cd\u5b50\u5c9b\u4e5f\u540d\u58f0\u5927\u632f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82e5\u5e72\u5e74\u540e\uff081606\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u65f6\u5c27\u4e4b\u5b50\u4e45\u65f6\u8bf7\u4e34\u6d4e\u5b97\u50e7\u4eba\u5357\u6d66\u6587\u4e4b\uff081555-1620\uff09\u8457\u300a\u94c1\u70ae\u8bb0\u300b\u4ee5\u5fd7\u5176\u4e8b\uff0c\u6587\u79f0\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u8d3e\u80e1\u4e4b\u957f\u6709\u4e8c\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u66f0\u725f\u826f\u53d4\u820e\uff0c\u4e00\u66f0\u559c\u5229\u5fd7\u591a\u4f98\u5b5f\u592a\uff0c\u624b\u643a\u4e00\u7269\uff0c\u957f\u4e8c\u4e09\u5c3a\u3002\u5176\u4e3a\u4f53\u4e5f\uff0c\u4e2d\u901a\u5916\u76f4\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u91cd\u4e3a\u8d28\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d\u867d\u5e38\u901a\uff0c\u5176\u5e95\u8981\u5bc6\u585e\u3002\u5176\u508d\u6709\u4e00\u7a74\uff0c\u901a\u706b\u4e4b\u8def\u4e5f\u3002\u5f62\u8c61\u65e0\u7269\u4e4b\u53ef\u6bd4\u4f26\u4e5f\u3002\u5176\u4e3a\u7528\u4e5f\uff0c\u5165\u5999\u836f\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6dfb\u4ee5\u5c0f\u56e2\u94c5\uff0c\u5148\u7f6e\u4e00\u5c0f\u767d\u4e8e\u5cb8\u7554\uff0c\u4eb2\u624b\u4e00\u7269\uff0c\u4fee\u5176\u8eab\u3001\u7707\u5176\u76ee\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u5176\u4e00\u7a74\u653e\u706b\uff0c\u5219\u83ab\u4e0d\u7acb\u4e2d\u77e3\u3002\u5176\u53d1\u4e5f\uff0c\u5982\u63a3\u7535\u4e4b\u5149\uff1b\u5176\u9e23\u4e5f\uff0c\u5982\u60ca\u96f7\u4e4b\u8f70\uff0c\u95fb\u8005\u83ab\u4e0d\u63a9\u5176\u8033\u77e3\u3002\u7f6e\u4e00\u5c0f\u767d\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u5c04\u8005\u4e4b\u6816\u9e44\u4e8e\u4fdf\u4e2d\u4e4b\u6bd4\u4e5f\u3002\u6b64\u7269\u4e00\u53d1\uff0c\u800c\u94f6\u5c71\u53ef\u6467\u3001\u94c1\u58c1\u53ef\u7a7f\u4e5f\u3002\u5978\u5b84\u4e4b\u4e3a\u4ec7\u3001\u4e8e\u4eba\u4e4b\u56fd\u8005\uff0c\u89e6\u4e4b\uff0c\u5219\u7acb\u4e27\u5176\u9b44\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe1 \u5357\u6d66\u6587\u4e4b\u300a\u94c1\u70ae\u8bb0\u300b\u4e66\u5f71<\/p>\n

\u56fe2\u662f\u4e00\u5e45\u6709\u5173\u300a\u94c1\u70ae\u8bb0\u300b\u7684\u63d2\u753b\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6c5f\u6237\u65f6\u4ee3\u8457\u540d\u6d6e\u4e16\u7ed8\u753b\u5bb6\u845b\u9970\u5317\u658b\uff081760-1849\uff09\u6216\u5176\u95e8\u751f\u3002\u753b\u4e2d\u53f3\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u6c49\u5b57\u662f\u201c\u5929\u6587\u5341\u4e8c\u7678\u536f\u516b\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u65e5\uff0c\u5927\u9685\u56fd\u79cd\u5b50\u5c9b\u6f02\u6d41\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5929\u6587\u201d\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u5e74\u53f7\uff0c\u201c\u5929\u6587\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\u201d\u5373\u5609\u9756\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081543\uff09\uff0c\u5c81\u5728\u7678\u536f\uff1b\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u662f\u4e24\u4f4d\u201c\u8d3e\u80e1\u4e4b\u957f\u201d\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff1a\u725f\u826f\u53d4\u820e\u201d\u7684\u539f\u540d\u5e94\u8be5\u662fAnt\u00f3nio Mota\uff08\u7247\u5047\u540d\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u5bf9\u97f3Murasyukusya\uff09\uff0c\u201c\u559c\u5229\u5fd7\u591a\uff08\u4f98\uff09\u5b5f\u592a\u201d\u7684\u539f\u540d\u5e94\u8be5\u662fFrancisco Zeimoto\uff08\u7247\u5047\u540d\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u5bf9\u97f3Kirisitamota\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u201c\u559c\u5229\u5fd7\u591a\u5b5f\u592a\u201d\u8f83\u539f\u6587\u5c11\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4f98\u201d\u5b57\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u6700\u65e9\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u897f\u6d0b\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe2 \u6700\u65e9\u6765\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u897f\u6d0b\u4eba\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u706b\u7ef3\u67aa\uff08\u845b\u9970\u5317\u658b\uff0c\u7ea61817\u5e74\u7ed8\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u94c1\u70ae\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u706b\u7ef3\u67aa\uff0c15\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u9996\u5148\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u738b\u671d\u7684\u519b\u961f\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c16\u4e16\u7eaa\u897f\u6b27\u8bf8\u56fd\u5df2\u666e\u904d\u88c5\u5907\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u5148\u4ece\u67aa\u53e3\u5012\u5165\u706b\u836f\uff0c\u518d\u7528\u957f\u6761\u7ec6\u68cd\u5c06\u5f39\u4e38\u4ece\u67aa\u53e3\u585e\u5165\u67aa\u819b\uff0c\u53d1\u5c04\u524d\u6253\u5f00\u4f4d\u4e8e\u67aa\u819b\u4e00\u4fa7\u7684\u706b\u76d6\uff08\u4fdd\u9669\u88c5\u7f6e\uff09\u5e76\u8fde\u63a5\u706b\u7ef3\uff0c\u7784\u51c6\u4e4b\u540e\u6263\u4e0b\u6273\u673a\u5373\u53ef\u5f15\u7206\u706b\u836f\u3002\u706b\u7ef3\u67aa\u624b\u8eab\u4e0a\u6302\u6ee1\u5f39\u836f\u548c\u4e00\u6839\u706b\u7ef3\uff0c\u6218\u6597\u671f\u95f4\u706b\u7ef3\u9700\u4fdd\u6301\u71c3\u70e7\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe3 \u65e5\u672c\u706b\u7ef3\u67aa\u624b\u7684\u88c5\u5907<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u5317\u5b8b\u5e74\u95f4\u5c31\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u521d\u7ea7\u7684\u53d1\u5c04\u706b\u5668\uff0c\u5143\u4ee3\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u706b\u94f3\u3002\u5e26\u6709\u89e6\u53d1\u4e0e\u5f15\u71c3\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u897f\u6d0b\u706b\u7ef3\u67aa\u5219\u4e8e\u660e\u4ee3\u5609\u9756\u5e74\u95f4\u4f20\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u7cbe\u51c6\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fb\u4e2d\u98de\u9e1f\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u9e1f\u94f3\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u63d0\u9192\u660e\u6e05\u4e4b\u9645\u7684\u9e1f\u94f3\u662f\u6218\u6597\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u9e1f\u67aa\u3002\u660e\u4ee3\u540d\u5c06\u621a\u7ee7\u5149\uff081528-1588\uff09\u300a\u7eaa\u6548\u65b0\u4e66\u300b\u300a\u7ec3\u5175\u5b9e\u7eaa\u300b\u3001\u8d75\u58eb\u6862\uff08\u7ea61553-1611\uff09\u300a\u795e\u5668\u8c31\u300b\u7b49\u5175\u4e66\u90fd\u6709\u8bb0\u8f7d\u3002\u621a\u5bb6\u519b\u7684\u201c\u9e33\u9e2f\u9635\u201d\uff0812\u4eba\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684\u6218\u6597\u5e8f\u5217\uff09\u91cc\u4e5f\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u706b\u7ef3\u67aa\u624b\uff0c\u5982\u56fe4\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe4 \u621a\u7ee7\u5149\u300a\u7eaa\u6548\u65b0\u4e66\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u9e33\u9e2f\u9635\u201d<\/p>\n

0<\/strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
\u706b\u5668\u4e0e\u519b\u4e8b\u9769\u547d<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u53d1\u660e\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u65f6\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u8bf4\u201c\u706b\u836f\u628a\u9a91\u58eb\u7684\u57ce\u5821\u70b8\u5f97\u7c89\u788e\u201d\uff0c\u9a8c\u4e4b\u4e8e\u70ed\u5175\u5668\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u9887\u6709\u9053\u7406\u3002\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u706b\u7ef3\u67aa\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u95f4\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4ece\u51b7\u5175\u5668\u65f6\u4ee3\u771f\u6b63\u8fdb\u5230\u70ed\u5175\u5668\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u8377\u5170\u7684\u6bdb\u91cc\u8328\u4eb2\u738b\uff08Maurits van Nassau\uff0c1567-1625\uff09\u5728\u5c3c\u5fb7\u5170\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u5bf9\u519b\u4e8b\u6539\u9769\u505a\u51fa\u8fc7\u91cd\u5927\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u706b\u7ef3\u67aa\u624b\u4ece\u88c5\u5f39\u5230\u5c04\u51fb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u89e3\u621042\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u53d1\u4ee4\u8bcd\uff0c\u8bad\u7ec3\u58eb\u5175\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6218\u6597\u3002\u56fe5\u662f\u6bdb\u91cc\u8328\u7387\u9886\u7684\u8377\u5170\u8054\u7701\u519b\u961f\u7684\u6218\u6597\u961f\u5217\uff1a\u65b9\u9635\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u957f\u77db\u5175\u4e13\u95e8\u5bf9\u4ed8\u654c\u65b9\u9a91\u58eb\u7684\u51b2\u950b\uff0c\u4e24\u7ffc\u5206\u5e03\u7740\u6392\u6210\u82e5\u5e72\u5217\u7684\u706b\u7ef3\u67aa\u624b\uff0c\u8f6e\u756a\u4e0a\u524d\u5c04\u51fb\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u706b\u529b\u4e0d\u65ad\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u6218\u80dc\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u897f\u73ed\u7259-\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7cfb\u795e\u5723\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u800c\u8d62\u5f97\u72ec\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe5 \u8377\u5170\u8054\u7701\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u4f5c\u6218\u65b9\u9635\uff0c\u753b\u9762\u5de6\u7aef\u53ef\u89c1\u6392\u961f\u5c04\u51fb\u7684\u706b\u7ef3\u67aa\u624b\uff0c\u652f\u67b6\u662f\u7528\u6765\u652f\u6491\u67aa\u7ba1\u4ee5\u5229\u4e8e\u7784\u51c6\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u706b\u7ef3\u67aa\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4ece\u6bdb\u91cc\u8328\u4eb2\u738b\u4e13\u95e8\u5236\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67aa\u624b\u9700\u5728\u8eab\u4e0a\u643a\u5e26\u957f\u8fbe\u6570\u7c73\u7684\u706b\u7ef3\uff0c\u4e00\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5c31\u4f1a\u70b9\u71c3\u81ea\u5df1\u80cc\u7f1a\u7684\u5f39\u836f\uff0c\u9047\u4e0a\u98ce\u96e8\u5929\u8fd8\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u706b\u7ef3\u7184\u706d\u3002\u540e\u6765\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u6cd5\u56fd\u9501\u5320\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u501f\u52a9\u5f39\u7c27\u649e\u51fb\u71e7\u77f3\u5f15\u7206\u706b\u836f\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c17\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u6b27\u6d32\u519b\u961f\u5df2\u666e\u904d\u7528\u71e7\u53d1\u67aa\u53d6\u4ee3\u706b\u7ef3\u67aa\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u4e60\u60ef\u628a\u4f7f\u7528\u70ed\u5175\u5668\u7684\u6b65\u5175\u79f0\u4e3a\u706b\u67aa\u624b\u3002\u56fe6\u662f\u4f26\u52c3\u6717\uff08Rembrandt, 1606-1669\uff09\u7684\u540d\u753b\u300a\u591c\u5de1\u300b\uff0c\u753b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u5168\u90fd\u5b9e\u6709\u5176\u4eba\uff0c\u6301\u67aa\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u706b\u5668\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u71e7\u53d1\u5f0f\u6ed1\u819b\u67aa\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe6 \u4f26\u52c3\u6717\u300a\u591c\u5de1\u300b\uff081642\uff09\uff0c\u73b0\u85cf\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u8377\u5170\u56fd\u5bb6\u535a\u7269\u9986<\/p>\n

\u706b\u7ef3\u67aa\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u66f4\u957f\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5f53\u5730\u91d1\u5c5e\u51b6\u70bc\u4e0e\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u827a\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u4e7e\u9686\u7687\u5e1d\u5c31\u4ee5\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u4f46\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u8457\u8fdb\u6b65\u800c\u62d2\u7edd\u63a8\u5e7f\u71e7\u53d1\u67aa\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5185\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u706b\u7ef3\u67aa\u66f4\u662f\u5404\u65b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u81f4\u80dc\u6b66\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5c01\u5efa\u52df\u5175\u5236\u5ea6\u66f4\u50cf\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u3002\u5728\u9570\u4ed3\u65f6\u4ee3\uff081192-1333\uff09\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u7531\u4f69\u5200\u7684\u6b66\u58eb\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u804c\u4e1a\u519b\u4eba\uff0c\u9010\u7ea7\u5411\u4e0a\u6548\u5fe0\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5927\u540d\u548c\u5173\u767d\uff1b\u8ddf\u968f\u6b66\u58eb\u4ece\u4e8b\u8fd0\u8f93\u540e\u52e4\u548c\u571f\u6728\u5de5\u7a0b\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u4eba\u5219\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8db3\u8f7b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u666e\u901a\u519c\u6c11\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f69\u5200\uff0c\u6218\u65f6\u624b\u6301\u6728\u68cd\u94c1\u9504\u5145\u5f53\u6447\u65d7\u5450\u558a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5e73\u65f6\u79cd\u7530\u5e76\u5411\u5730\u4e3b\u548c\u6b66\u58eb\u7eb3\u7cae\u3002\u5ba4\u753a\u3001\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3\uff081333-1573\uff09\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u89c4\u6a21\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u6b66\u58eb\u62ab\u7532\u6234\u76d4\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u8fd8\u9a91\u4e0a\u6218\u9a6c\uff0c\u8db3\u8f7b\u4e5f\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u5f13\u7bad\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u52a0\u6218\u6597\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u60e8\u70c8\u52a8\u8361\u7684\u5b89\u571f\u6843\u5c71\u65f6\u4ee3\uff081573-1603\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u529b\u96c4\u539a\u7684\u5927\u540d\u7eb7\u7eb7\u8d2d\u4e70\u6216\u5236\u9020\u706b\u7ef3\u67aa\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6b66\u58eb\u4e2a\u4eba\u6218\u6cd5\u9010\u6e10\u4e3a\u51b7\u70ed\u5175\u5668\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u4f5c\u6218\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u5404\u5bb6\u519b\u9600\u90fd\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u706b\u7ef3\u67aa\u961f\uff0c\u201c\u94c1\u70ae\u8db3\u8f7b\u201d\u4e5f\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u6210\u4e3a\u6218\u4e89\u80dc\u8d1f\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u4fd7\u8bed\u8bf4\u201c\u8db3\u8f7b\u6740\u6b7b\u5173\u767d\u201d\uff0c\u72b9\u5982\u8c61\u68cb\u4e2d\u7684\u8fc7\u6cb3\u5c0f\u5352\u9876\u5927\u8f66\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\uff08\u6216\u89c4\u5219\uff09\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5f80\u6614\u7684\u6743\u52bf\u4e0e\u5730\u4f4d\u5168\u7136\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n

1575\u5e74\u7684\u957f\u7b71\u4f1a\u6218\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec7\u7530\u4fe1\u957f\uff081534\u20141582\uff09\u7684\u519b\u961f\u501f\u52a9\u88c5\u5907\u706b\u7ef3\u67aa\u7684\u201c\u94c1\u70ae\u961f\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e3e\u51fb\u6e83\u5bf9\u624b\u6b66\u7530\u5bb6\u7684\u5f3a\u608d\u9a91\u5175\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f31\u85e9\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u79f0\u96c4\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u4e3a\u65e5\u540e\u5168\u5883\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u53ca\u81f3\u4e30\u81e3\u79c0\u5409\uff081537\u20141598\uff09\u767b\u53f0\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e0d\u60dc\u91cd\u91d1\u8d2d\u7f6e\u201c\u94c1\u70ae\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u66fe\u501f\u52a9\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5927\u540d\uff0c\u4ece\u6fb3\u95e8\u5927\u91cf\u8fdb\u53e3\u785d\u77f3\u548c\u94c5\u7b49\u4e0e\u706b\u7ef3\u67aa\u6709\u5173\u7684\u519b\u9700\u54c1\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u6b21\u5165\u4fb5\u671d\u9c9c\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff081592-1593,1597-1598\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e30\u81e3\u90fd\u4ee5\u4fe1\u5949\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u5927\u540d\u5c0f\u897f\u884c\u957f\uff081558-1600\uff09\u4e3a\u5148\u950b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8\u4ed6\u4ee5\u5341\u5b57\u65d7\u4e3a\u519b\u65d7\uff0c\u8fd8\u5bb9\u5fcd\u4e86\u5176\u52a8\u5458\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5c06\u671d\u9c9c\u5f81\u670d\u4e3a\u201c\u5929\u4e3b\u4e4b\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u8f9e\u3002\u5728\u653b\u5360\u5e73\u58e4\u7684\u6218\u5f79\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u94c1\u70ae\u961f\u201d\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u5a01\u529b\u3002\u56fe7\u548c\u56fe8\u51fa\u81ea\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u6d6e\u4e16\u7ed8\u5927\u5e08\u6b4c\u5ddd\u56fd\u82b3\uff081798\uff0d1861\uff09\u4e4b\u624b\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u65e5\u519b\u201c\u94c1\u70ae\u8db3\u8f7b\u201d\u8f6e\u756a\u5c04\u51fb\u548c\u5728\u96e8\u4e2d\u6218\u6597\u7684\u573a\u9762\uff1a\u524d\u56fe\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5f15\u706b\u7ef3\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u4e5f\u7a7f\u4e0a\u4e86\u8f7b\u4fbf\u7684\u7532\u8863\u5e76\u4f69\u5200\uff1b\u540e\u56fe\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u8db3\u8f7b\u8eab\u62ab\u84d1\u8863\u9632\u6b62\u706b\u836f\u53d7\u6f6e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u706b\u76d6\u4e0a\u8fd8\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u9632\u96e8\u76d2\u5957\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5de6\u56fe7\uff0c\u6b4c\u5ddd\u56fd\u82b3\u300a\u8f6e\u675f\u6253\u56fe\u300b\uff081855\uff09\uff0c\u53f3\u56fe8\uff0c\u6b4c\u5ddd\u56fd\u82b3\u300a\u96e8\u4e2d\u5c04\u51fb\u56fe\u300b\uff081855\uff09<\/p>\n

0<\/strong>3<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4e0e\u4e30\u81e3\u79c0\u5409<\/strong><\/section>\n

\u8461\u8404\u7259\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d77\u4e0a\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c1494\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u6559\u7687\u65a1\u65cb\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u5fb7\u897f\u5229\u4e9a\u65af\u6761\u7ea6\uff08Treaty of Tordesillas\uff09\u83b7\u5f97\u4e1c\u65b9\u201c\u4fdd\u6559\u6743\u201d\u3002\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\uff08Francis Xavier, 1506-1552\uff09\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c1540\u5e74\u5949\u8461\u738b\u82e5\u671b\u4e09\u4e16\uff08Jo\u00e3o III\uff0c1502-1557\uff09\u6d3e\u9063\uff0c\u4ee5\u6559\u7687\u4f7f\u8005\u540d\u4e49\u524d\u5f80\u4e9a\u6d32\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u679c\u963f\uff08Goa\uff09\u3001\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3001\u9a6c\u516d\u7532\u7b49\u5730\u4f20\u6559\u30021549\u5e748\u670815\u65e5\u5723\u6bcd\u5347\u5929\u8282\u90a3\u5929\uff0c\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\u5728\u4e00\u4f4d\u65e5\u672c\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u5bfc\u5f15\u4e0b\uff0c\u643a\u540c\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4f4d\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u58eb\u62b5\u8fbe\u65e5\u672c\u4e5d\u5dde\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u9e7f\u513f\u5c9b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8e0f\u4e0a\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u571f\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3002\u56fe9\u4e3a\u8461\u8404\u7259\u753b\u5bb6\u91cc\u8d1d\u7f57\uff08Avelar Rebelo\uff0cc.1600-1657\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u63cf\u7ed81541\u5e744\u67089\u65e5\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\u542f\u7a0b\u4e1c\u822a\u524d\u5728\u91cc\u65af\u672c\u5411\u82e5\u671b\u4e09\u4e16\u8f9e\u522b\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe9 \u91cc\u8d1d\u7f57\u300a\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\u8f9e\u522b\u82e5\u671b\u4e09\u4e16\u300b\uff081635\uff09\uff0c\u73b0\u6536\u85cf\u5904\u4e0d\u8be6\uff0c\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1<\/p>\n

\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\u62b5\u8fbe\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5f53\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u9e7f\u513f\u5c9b\u5730\u533a\u5c31\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u4f4d\u4fe1\u4f17\uff0c\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\u79bb\u5f00\u65f6\u5949\u6559\u8005\u5df2\u903e\u5343\u4eba\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u66f4\u5927\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u64ad\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c1552\u5e748\u6708\u642d\u4e58\u4e00\u8258\u8461\u8404\u7259\u5546\u8239\u62b5\u8fbe\u8ddd\u5e7f\u5dde\u4e0d\u8fdc\u7684\u4e0a\u5ddd\u5c9b\uff0c\u56e0\u660e\u671d\u6d77\u7981\u4e25\u5389\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u5165\u5185\u5730\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u75c5\u6b7b\u5728\u5c9b\u4e0a\u3002\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u8005\u5229\u739b\u7aa6\uff08Matteo Ricci\uff0c1552-1610\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u76f8\u7ee7\u6765\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u897f\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\u662f\u8303\u793c\u5b89\uff08Alexander Valignano,1539\uff0d1606\uff09\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u5b97\u4efb\u547d\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u8fdc\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5de1\u89c6\u5458\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u4e8e1579-1583\u5e74\u30011590-1592\u5e74\u548c1598-1603\u5e74\u4e09\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u63d0\u5021\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u9002\u5e94\u201d\uff08adaptation\uff09\u7b56\u7565\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e0e\u5f53\u5730\u795e\u9053\u6587\u5316\u76f4\u63a5\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b\u65e5\u672c\u795e\u7236\u3002\u8303\u793c\u5b89\u8eab\u6750\u9ad8\u5927\uff0c\u5916\u51fa\u65f6\u8eab\u8fb9\u603b\u662f\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6d32\u88d4\u968f\u4ece\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u7684\u6781\u5927\u597d\u5947\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u4f4d\u5927\u540d\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u85e9\u4e3b\u3001\u57ce\u4e3b\u76f8\u7ee7\u7688\u4f9d\u4e86\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c1582\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u65e5\u672c\u5df2\u6709\u8fd1200\u6240\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4eba\u6570\u8fbe\u523015\u4e07\u3002\u5728\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u957f\u5d0e\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b7\u5bc2\u7684\u5c0f\u6e14\u6751\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u56fd\u9645\u5316\u7684\u5546\u8d38\u6e2f\u53e3\u3002\u5c11\u6570\u5949\u6559\u5927\u540d\u4e3a\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u6216\u4fdd\u62a4\u6559\u533a\uff0c\u8fd8\u62db\u52df\u968f\u8239\u800c\u6765\u7684\u897f\u6d0b\u96c7\u4f63\u5175\uff0c\u5e76\u5145\u4efb\u201c\u94c1\u70ae\u961f\u201d\u7684\u6559\u5b98\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6c99\u52ff\u7565\u3001\u8303\u793c\u5b89\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u6765\u524d\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5229\u739b\u7aa6\u3001\u6c64\u82e5\u671b\u3001\u5357\u6000\u4ec1\u7b49\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6559\u7687\u201c\u4fdd\u6559\u6743\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u8461\u7cfb\u201d\u4eba\u9a6c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8461\u56fd\u5b66\u4e60\u6216\u7814\u4fee\u3001\u5411\u8461\u738b\u5ba3\u8a93\u6548\u5fe0\u3001\u4e58\u8461\u56fd\u6d77\u8239\u51fa\u6d0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u58eb\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u5fb7\u897f\u5229\u4e9a\u65af\u6761\u7ea6\u9010\u6e10\u5931\u53bb\u7ea6\u675f\u529b\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u8239\u961f\u4e5f\u6765\u5230\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u65b9\u6d4e\u4f1a\u3001\u9053\u660e\u4f1a\u3001\u5965\u65af\u4e01\u4f1a\u7b49\u4fee\u4f1a\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u63a5\u8e35\u800c\u81f3\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u591a\u6765\u81ea\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u548c\u5357\u6d77\u5c9b\u5c7f\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u88ab\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ec7\u7530\u4fe1\u957f\u5bf9\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u76f8\u5f53\u5bbd\u5bb9\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u90fd\u6240\u5b89\u571f\u57ce\uff08\u4eca\u65e5\u6ecb\u8d3a\u53bf\u8fd1\u6c5f\u516b\u5e61\u5e02\uff09\u5185\u8bbe\u7acb\u6559\u5802\u30021582\u5e74\u7ec7\u7530\u5728\u672c\u80fd\u5bfa\u4e4b\u53d8\u4e2d\u846c\u8eab\u706b\u6d77\uff0c\u4e30\u81e3\u79c0\u5409\u6218\u80dc\u8bf8\u591a\u53cd\u53db\u8005\u7ee7\u627f\u5927\u4f4d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u6444\u653f\u7684\u5173\u767d\u3002\u4e30\u81e3\u51fa\u8eab\u5351\u5fae\uff0c\u751f\u7236\u66fe\u662f\u67d0\u4f4d\u85e9\u4e3b\u624b\u4e0b\u7684\u8db3\u8f7b\uff0c\u672c\u4eba\u8eab\u6750\u77ed\u5c0f\u5176\u8c8c\u4e0d\u626c\uff0c17\u5c81\u90a3\u5e74\u6210\u4e3a\u7ec7\u7530\u4fe1\u957f\u7684\u5bb6\u4ec6\uff0c\u7b49\u7ea7\u4e3a\u201c\u8349\u5c65\u53d6\u201d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u5927\u6982\u662f\u4e13\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4eba\u63d0\u978b\u7684\u4f4e\u7ea7\u4f63\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5468\u5230\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u8d62\u5f97\u4e3b\u4eba\u6b22\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u64e2\u5347\u4e3a\u6b65\u5175\u5934\u76ee\u3002\u57281570\u5e74\u7684\u91d1\u5d0e\u4e4b\u6218\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e30\u81e3\u79c0\u5409\u633a\u8eab\u800c\u51fa\u62c5\u4efb\u6bbf\u540e\uff0c\u4f9d\u9760\u51e0\u5341\u652f\u201c\u94c1\u70ae\u201d\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u63a9\u62a4\u4e86\u7ec7\u7530\u5927\u519b\u9003\u79bb\u9669\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe10\u00a0 \u72e9\u91ce\u5149\u4fe1\u300a\u4e30\u81e3\u79c0\u5409\u50cf\u300b\uff08\u5c40\u90e8\uff0c\u7ea61601\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u73b0\u85cf\u4eac\u90fd\u9ad8\u53f0\u5bfa<\/p>\n

\u4e30\u81e3\u79c0\u5409\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u8fd8\u6bd4\u8f83\u53cb\u5584\uff0c1583\u5e74\u4fee\u7b51\u5927\u962a\u57ce\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c06\u4e00\u5757\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5730\u76ae\u8d60\u7ed9\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3e\u52a8\u66fe\u8ba9\u5fc3\u7eea\u4e0d\u5b81\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u548c\u5949\u6559\u5927\u540d\u6b22\u6b23\u9f13\u821e\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u201c\u94c1\u70ae\u201d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e30\u81e3\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u897f\u6d0b\u8236\u6765\u54c1\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u7740\u8ff7\uff0c\u7ede\u5c3d\u8111\u6c41\u5730\u60f3\u641e\u660e\u767d\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u3001\u516b\u97f3\u76d2\u4e0e\u673a\u68b0\u949f\u8868\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u665a\u5e74\u8fd8\u591a\u6b21\u4ee5\u897f\u6d0b\u8d27\u8d50\u8d60\u4e0b\u5c5e\u30021586\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u533a\u526f\u4e3b\u6559\u79d1\u57c3\u7565\uff08Gaspar Coelho,c.1529-1590\uff09\u6765\u5230\u5927\u962a\uff0c\u529d\u8bf4\u4e30\u81e3\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5927\u540d\u7ed3\u76df\u7fe6\u9664\u5e38\u5b58\u9006\u5fc3\u7684\u9f99\u9020\u5bfa\u6c0f\u548c\u5c9b\u6d25\u6c0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u63d0\u8bae\u6b63\u8fce\u5408\u4e86\u4ed6\u5f81\u4f10\u4e5d\u5dde\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9686\u91cd\u63a5\u5f85\u79d1\u57c3\u7565\u7387\u9886\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u53ca\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u8fd8\u9881\u53d1\u4e86\u4e24\u5f20\u7a7a\u5934\u652f\u7968\u5373\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u201c\u6731\u5370\u72b6\u201d\uff0c\u7279\u8bb8\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4e43\u81f3\u6574\u4e2a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\u9664\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7ee7\u7eed\u63d0\u4f9b\u751f\u4e1d\u3001\u94c5\u5757\u548c\u785d\u77f3\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u8868\u793a\u613f\u4e3a\u4e30\u81e3\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6e21\u6d77\u4fb5\u671d\u548c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e24\u8258\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8239\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\u5230\u65f6\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u8461\u8404\u7259\u603b\u7763\u63d0\u4f9b\u63f4\u519b\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u540e\u4e00\u70b9\u5f15\u8d77\u751f\u6027\u591a\u7591\u7684\u6444\u653f\u5173\u767d\u7684\u8b66\u60d5\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u4e0d\u52a8\u58f0\u8272\u30021587\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5e73\u5b9a\u4e5d\u5dde\u3001\u884c\u5c06\u7edf\u4e00\u65e5\u672c\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u4e30\u81e3\u5bf9\u79d1\u57c3\u7565\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u56de\u8bbf\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5b89\u6392\u4ed6\u53c2\u89c2\u505c\u6cca\u5728\u957f\u5d0e\u6e2f\u7684\u8461\u8404\u7259\u65b0\u578b\u6218\u8239\u3002\u770b\u5230\u8461\u4eba\u7684\u575a\u8239\u5229\u70ae\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7591\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

1587\u5e747\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u4e30\u81e3\u79c0\u5409\u5728\u7b51\u524d\u7bb1\u5d0e\uff08\u4eca\u798f\u5188\u5e02\uff09\u4e0b\u8fbe\u201c\u4f34\u5929\u8fde\u8ffd\u653e\u4ee4\u201d\u3002\u201c\u4f34\u5929\u8fde\u201d\u662f\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8bed\u795e\u7236\uff08Padre\uff09\u7684\u65e5\u8bed\uff08\u30d0\u30c6\u30ec\u30f3\uff09\u6c49\u5b57\u8f6c\u97f3\uff0c\u201c\u8ffd\u653e\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u9a71\u9010\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5929\u4e3b\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e3a\u90aa\u6559\uff0c\u52d2\u4ee4\u6240\u6709\u897f\u65b9\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u572820\u5929\u5185\u79bb\u5f00\u65e5\u672c\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u201d\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6cd5\u4ee4\u7b2c\u56db\u3001\u4e94\u6b3e\u4e25\u683c\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u901a\u5546\u548c\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u79f0\u201c\u9ed1\u8239\u201d\u4e3a\u901a\u5546\u800c\u6765\u53e6\u5f53\u522b\u8bba\uff0c\u4eca\u540e\u4ea6\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u957f\u5e74\u4e4b\u8d38\u6613\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4eec\u5219\u4ee5\u7b49\u5019\u5b63\u98ce\u4e3a\u7531\u5e0c\u671b\u5bbd\u9650\u5230\u6765\u5e74\u518d\u79bb\u5883\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8981\u6c42\u7adf\u7136\u88ab\u9ed8\u8bb8\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5b9e\u884c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002\u5404\u4e2a\u4fee\u4f1a\u4ecd\u5728\u6697\u4e2d\u4f20\u6559\u5e03\u9053\uff0c\u5c24\u4ee5\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\u58eb\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u6700\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c8\u8fc7\u4e869\u5e74\uff0c\u5373\u4e30\u81e3\u79c0\u5409\u53bb\u4e16\u524d\u4e0d\u4e45\u76841596\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u4e00\u8258\u4ece\u9a6c\u5c3c\u62c9\u51fa\u53d1\u3001\u539f\u6765\u8981\u9a76\u5411\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5927\u578b\u5546\u8239\uff0c\u56e0\u9047\u98ce\u66b4\u6f02\u6d41\u5230\u571f\u4f50\u85e9\u7684\u6d66\u6237\uff08\u4eca\u5c5e\u9ad8\u77e5\u53bf\uff09\uff0c\u8239\u4e0a\u6ee1\u8f7d\u7684\u9ad8\u4ef7\u8d27\u7269\u88ab\u622a\u7559\uff0c\u4e30\u81e3\u79c0\u5409\u5180\u56fe\u4ee5\u6b64\u8865\u5145\u518d\u6b21\u51fa\u5f81\u671d\u9c9c\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8239\u957f\u5728\u4e0e\u4e30\u81e3\u7684\u90e8\u4e0b\u4ea4\u8c08\u65f6\uff0c\u6307\u7740\u5730\u56fe\u5411\u540e\u8005\u70ab\u8000\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5e1d\u56fd\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u5f53\u88ab\u95ee\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5f97\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u571f\u5730\u65f6\uff0c\u8239\u957f\u8bf4\u5148\u6d3e\u9063\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4f7f\u5176\u6c11\u4f17\u6210\u4e3a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u91cc\u5e94\u5916\u5408\u5f81\u670d\u8be5\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

1597\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u4e30\u81e3\u79c0\u5409\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u82db\u7684\u7981\u6559\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u4e0e\u5f02\u52a8\u3002\u4eac\u90fd\u6267\u884c\u957f\u5b98\u5949\u547d\u6293\u6355\u4e8626\u540d\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u540e\u53c8\u5e26\u5230\u6559\u5f92\u4e91\u96c6\u7684\u957f\u5d0e\uff0c\u4e8e1597\u5e742\u67085\u65e5\u5904\u4ee5\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u6781\u5211\u300226\u4eba\u4e2d\u67094\u4f4d\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7c4d\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u30011\u4f4d\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u79f0\u201c\u65b0\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u201d\uff09\u7c4d\u4fee\u58eb\u30011\u4f4d\u8461\u8404\u7259\u7c4d\u4fee\u58eb\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5305\u62ec3\u540d\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u5728\u5185\u768420\u4f4d\u65e5\u672c\u4fe1\u5f92\u3002\u76ee\u51fb\u8005\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u575a\u5b88\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4ece\u5bb9\u8d74\u6b7b\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u5ef7\u5c01\u4e3a\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5723\u4eba\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe11\u662f\u610f\u5927\u5229\u753b\u5bb6\u5f17\u6717\u5207\u65af\u79d1\u00b7\u9a6c\u83f2(Francesco Maffei,1605-1660)\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff1a26\u4eba\u4e2d\u4e0d\u90fd\u662f\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4e0e\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u67093\u4eba\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe11 \u9a6c\u83f2\u300a\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\u5728\u957f\u5d0e\u6b89\u6559\u300b\uff0817\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09\uff0c\u73b0\u85cf\u5a01\u5c3c\u65afRezzonico\u5bab<\/p>\n

0<\/strong>4<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u72e9\u91ce\u5185\u81b3\u7684\u5357\u86ee\u4eba\u6e21\u6765\u56fe<\/strong><\/section>\n

\u5728\u6d6e\u4e16\u7ed8\u5174\u8d77\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4e3b\u5bb0\u548c\u753b\u7684\u662f\u571f\u4f50\u4e0e\u72e9\u91ce\u4e24\u5927\u6d41\u6d3e\u3002\u72e9\u91ce\u6d3e\u7684\u9f3b\u7956\u72e9\u91ce\u6b63\u4fe1\uff081434-1530\uff09\u4f9b\u804c\u4e8e\u8db3\u5229\u5e55\u5e9c\uff0c\u4f5c\u54c1\u878d\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c34\u58a8\u753b\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u4ed6\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u753b\u6d3e\u5174\u76db\u4e8e15\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5ba4\u753a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5176\u5b50\u5b59\u95e8\u5f92\u76f8\u7ee7\u6210\u4e3a\u7ec7\u7530\u4fe1\u957f\u3001\u4e30\u81e3\u79c0\u5409\u548c\u5fb7\u5ddd\u5bb6\u5eb7\uff081543-1616\uff09\u7b49\u6743\u52bf\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5fa1\u7528\u753b\u5e08\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u753b\u6d3e\u591a\u4ee5\u8840\u7f18\u6216\u5a5a\u59fb\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u7ebd\u5e26\u4f20\u627f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6b63\u5f0f\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u4f18\u79c0\u95e8\u5f92\u4e5f\u53ef\u6539\u59d3\u201c\u72e9\u91ce\u201d\u3002\u72e9\u91ce\u5185\u81b3\uff081570-1616\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4f4d\u753b\u5e08\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u578b\u5c4f\u98ce\u753b\u300a\u4e30\u56fd\u796d\u793c\u56fe\u300b\uff081604\uff09\u3001\u300a\u5357\u86ee\u4eba\u6e21\u6765\u56fe\u300b\uff08c.1600\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u4e3a\u4e30\u81e3\u79c0\u5409\u53bb\u4e167\u5468\u5e74\u796d\u793c\u7ed8\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u662f\u63cf\u7ed8\u8461\u8404\u7259\u5546\u8239\u62b5\u8fbe\u957f\u5d0e\u6e2f\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u201d\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u30021593\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u72e9\u91ce\u5185\u81b3\u66fe\u5f80\u957f\u5d0e\u53c2\u89c2\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6709\u4eb2\u8eab\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5df2\u786e\u8ba4\u5171\u67095\u4ef6\u5e26\u6709\u72e9\u91ce\u5185\u81b3\u843d\u6b3e\u4e0e\u5370\u7ae0\u7684\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u5c4f\u98ce\u201d\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7531\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u795e\u6237\u5e02\u7acb\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3001\u65e7\u5ddd\u897f\u5bb6\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5385\uff08\u73b0\u5bc4\u85cf\u4e8e\u4e5d\u5dde\u56fd\u7acb\u535a\u7269\u9928\uff09\u3001\u8461\u8404\u7259\u91cc\u65af\u672c\u7684\u56fd\u7acb\u53e4\u4ee3\u827a\u672f\u9986\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u79c1\u4eba\u6536\u85cf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u5f53\u5c5e\u795e\u6237\u5e02\u7acb\u535a\u7269\u9986\u6536\u85cf\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5bf9\uff0c\u5de6\u53f3\u4e24\u5c4f\u6bcf\u5c4f\u516d\u6298\uff0c\u5728\u8986\u76d6\u7740\u7eb8\u3001\u91d1\u7b94\u3001\u4e1d\u7ef8\u3001\u94dc\u9540\u91d1\u7684\u677f\u9762\u4e0a\u4ee5\u6f06\u4e0e\u86cb\u5f69\u989c\u6599\u6df7\u5408\u5236\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5206\u522b\u4e3a178\u00d7366.4\u5398\u7c73\u548c172.8\u00d7380.8\u5398\u7c73\uff0c\u677f\u539a2\u5398\u7c73\uff0c\u4e0b\u89d2\u53ef\u89c1\u201c\u72e9\u91ce\u5185\u81b3\u7b14\u201d\u6b3e\u8bb0\u548c\u767d\u6587\u65b9\u58f6\u5370\u201c\u5185\u81b3\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe12 \u72e9\u91ce\u5185\u81b3\u300a\u5357\u86ee\u4eba\u6e21\u6765\u56fe\u300b\u5de6\u5c4f\uff08c.1600\uff09 \u00a0 \u73b0\u85cf\u795e\u6237\u5e02\u7acb\u535a\u7269\u9986<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe13 \u72e9\u91ce\u5185\u81b3\u300a\u5357\u86ee\u4eba\u6e21\u6765\u56fe\u300b\u53f3\u5c4f\uff08c.1600\uff09 \u00a0 \u73b0\u85cf\u795e\u6237\u5e02\u7acb\u535a\u7269\u9986<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5de6\u3001\u53f3\u4e24\u5c4f\u5206\u522b\u8868\u73b0\u8461\u8404\u7259\u5546\u8239\u79bb\u6e2f\uff08\u5370\u5ea6\u679c\u963f\u6216\u4e2d\u56fd\u6fb3\u95e8\uff09\u4e0e\u62b5\u8fbe\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u573a\u9762\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5de6\u5c4f\u4e2d\u7684\u8239\u6b63\u9f13\u8d77\u98ce\u5e06\uff0c\u53f3\u5c4f\u4e2d\u7684\u8239\u4e0d\u4f46\u964d\u4e0b\u4e86\u5e06\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8239\u5934\u4e0a\u7684\u6c34\u624b\u6b63\u8981\u629b\u4e0b\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u94c1\u951a\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6e2f\u53e3\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u964b\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u8239\u53ea\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u8fd1\u5cb8\u5904\u629b\u951a\uff0c\u4f9d\u9760\u5c0f\u8247\u63a5\u9a73\u4eba\u5458\u4e0e\u8d27\u7269\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fe\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed4\u7ec6\u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe\u4e2d\u8bf8\u591a\u666f\u7269\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u786e\u8ba4\u753b\u7684\u662f\u5546\u8239\u9a76\u79bb\u548c\u62b5\u8fbe\u540c\u4e00\u65e5\u672c\u6e2f\u53e3\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u957f\u5d0e\u7684\u666f\u8c61\u3002\u795e\u6237\u5e02\u7acb\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u540d\u79f0\u5219\u662f\u300a\u5357\u86ee\u4eba\u6e21\u6765\u56fe\u300b\uff08Arrival of the Southern Barbarians Screen\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5de6\u56fe14\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u86ee\u4eba\u6e21\u6765\u56fe\u300b\u5de6\u5c4f\u4e2d\u7684\u5e06\u8239\uff0c\u53f3\u56fe15\u300a\u5357\u86ee\u4eba\u6e21\u6765\u56fe\u300b\u53f3\u5c4f\u4e2d\u7684\u5e06\u8239<\/p>\n

05<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5357\u86ee\u8239\u2014\u5361\u62c9\u514b<\/strong><\/section>\n

\u753b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u8239\u201d\u90fd\u6709\u4e09\u6839\u6845\u6746\uff0c\u8239\u8eab\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u8239\u5c3e\u5448\u5f27\u5f62\u7fd8\u8d77\uff0c\u53f3\u5c4f\u8239\u9996\u8fd8\u53ef\u89c1\u4e00\u6839\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u659c\u6845\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5927\u822a\u6d77\u65f6\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5361\u62c9\u514b\uff08Carrack\uff09\u5e06\u8239\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u662f\u8461\u8404\u7259\u6536\u85cf\u7684\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u5c4f\u98ce\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u8239\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u770b\u5230\u659c\u6845\u4e0a\u6302\u7740\u4e09\u89d2\u5e06\uff0c\u4e3b\u6845\u548c\u524d\u6845\u4e0a\u5219\u662f\u957f\u65b9\u5f62\u7684\u6a2a\u5e06\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe16 \u72e9\u91ce\u5185\u81b3\u300a\u5357\u86ee\u4eba\u6e21\u6765\u56fe\u300b\u5c40\u90e8\uff08c.1600\uff09\u00a0 \u73b0\u85cf\u91cc\u65af\u672c\u53e4\u4ee3\u827a\u672f\u535a\u7269\u9986<\/p>\n

\u91cc\u65af\u672c\u53e4\u4ee3\u827a\u672f\u9986\u6536\u85cf\u7684\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u5c4f\u98ce\u201d\u6bd4\u8f83\u96be\u89c1\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u8be5\u9986\u7f51\u4e0a\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u5f97\u77e5\u4e00\u5171\u6709\u4e24\u5bf9\uff0c\u5982\u56fe17\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u9986\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u90a3\u4e00\u5bf9\u7cfb\u72e9\u91ce\u5185\u81b3\u6240\u7ed8\uff0c\u56fe16\u5373\u5176\u5de6\u5c4f\u53f3\u534a\u90e8\uff08\u7f3a\u6700\u53f3\u8fb9\u534a\u6298\uff09\u7ea2\u6846\u5185\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff1b\u4e0b\u9762\u90a3\u4e00\u5bf9\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u72e9\u91ce\u6d3e\u753b\u5e08Kano Domi\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u72e9\u91ce\u5185\u81b3\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u592a\u6e05\u695a\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe17 \u91cc\u65af\u672c\u53e4\u4ee3\u827a\u672f\u535a\u7269\u9986\u6536\u85cf\u7684\u4e24\u5bf9\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u5c4f\u98ce\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5361\u62c9\u514b\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u540d\u79f0\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u665a\u671f\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u822a\u6d77\u5bb6\uff0c\u5927\u7ea61400\u5e74\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u5f80\u6765\u4e8e\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5e06\u8239\u4f5c\u4e86\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u6845\u589e\u52a0\u81f3\u4e09\u81f3\u56db\u6845\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u5728\u8239\u9996\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u659c\u6845\uff0c\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6a2a\u5e06\u4e0e\u4e09\u89d2\u5e06\u53ef\u4e3a\u8fdc\u6d0b\u822a\u884c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u9006\u98ce\u65f6\u4e5f\u80fd\u6309\u201c\u4e4b\u201d\u5b57\u62a2\u98ce\u524d\u884c\u3002\u53c8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u591a\u5c42\u7532\u677f\u4ee5\u4fbf\u62e5\u6709\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u8239\u8231\u6446\u653e\u8d27\u7269\u548c\u5bb9\u7eb3\u6c34\u624b\u3002\u914d\u5907\u706b\u70ae\u7684\u5361\u62c9\u514b\u5e06\u8239\u4e3a\u6d77\u4e0a\u6218\u4e89\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6d77\u6218\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5f13\u5f29\u4e92\u5c04\u548c\u4e24\u8239\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u8237\u6218\uff0c\u800c\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u7f16\u961f\u4f5c\u6218\u4e0e\u70ae\u51fb\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u6218\u6597\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u4ece\u4e8b\u63a2\u9669\u3001\u63a0\u593a\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u8d29\u5356\u5974\u96b6\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u6d77\u4e0a\u9738\u6743\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5361\u62c9\u514b\u5e06\u8239\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

1492\u5e748\u6708\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u9996\u822a\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u65d7\u8230\u300a\u5723\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u300b\u53f7\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u8258\u5361\u62c9\u514b\u5e06\u8239\uff0c\u5176\u5c3a\u5bf8\u6216\u5428\u4f4d\u5b66\u754c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u6392\u6c34\u91cf\u5728100\u5428\u4e0a\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fde\u540c\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u548c\u8239\u4e3b\u5728\u5185\u5171\u6709\u4e58\u545839\u4eba\u3002\u56fe18\u662f\u4f5b\u62c9\u8292\u753b\u5bb6\u51e1\u00b7\u57c3\u7279\u7ef4\u5c14\uff08Andries van Eertvelt,1590-1652\uff09\u6839\u636e\u60f3\u8c61\u7ed8\u5236\uff0c\u753b\u7684\u662f\u300a\u5723\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u300b\u53f7\u5728\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u6d77\u5c9b\u524d\u6cca\u951a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8be5\u8239\u4e8e\u5f53\u5e74\u5723\u8bde\u591c\u89e6\u7901\u6c89\u6ca1\uff0c\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u53ca\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8239\u5458\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u540c\u884c\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u8258\u8239\u4e0a\u624d\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u822a\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe18 \u57c3\u7279\u7ef4\u5c14\u300a<\u5723\u739b\u5229\u4e9a>\u53f7\u629b\u951a\u300b\uff08c.1628\uff09\uff0c\u73b0\u85cf\u683c\u6797\u5c3c\u6cbb\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6d77\u4e8b\u535a\u7269\u9986<\/p>\n

\u56fe19\u662f\u4e00\u8258\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5361\u62c9\u514b\u6b66\u88c5\u5546\u8239\u300a\u5723\u5361\u5854\u7433\u5a1c\u300b\u53f7\u53ca\u8ddf\u968f\u5979\u7684\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8239\u961f\u8fdc\u822a\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u753b\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4f5b\u62c9\u8292\u7684\u5e15\u8482\u5c3c\u5c14\uff08Joachim Patinir,c.1480-1524\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u8239\u957f38\u7c73\u3001\u5bbd13\u7c73\uff0c\u5403\u6c34\u6df1\u5ea64.5\u7c73\uff0c\u6392\u6c34\u91cf800\u5428\uff0c\u88c5\u5907\u4e86140\u95e8\u706b\u70ae\uff0c1512\u5e74\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u79d1\u94a6\uff08Kochi\uff09\u52a8\u5de5\u4fee\u9020\uff0c1520\u5e74\u5efa\u6210\u4e0b\u6c34\uff0c\u662f\u74e6\u65af\u79d1\u00b7\u8fbe\u4f3d\u9a6c\uff08Vasco da Gama,c.1460-1524\uff091524\u5e74\u4ee5\u5370\u5ea6\u603b\u7763\u8eab\u4efd\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u524d\u5f80\u5370\u5ea6\u65f6\u7684\u65d7\u8230\uff0c\u4ed6\u62b5\u8fbe\u5370\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u67d3\u75be\u8eab\u4ea1\u30021525\u5e74\u300a\u5723\u5361\u5854\u7433\u5a1c\u300b\u4ece\u5370\u5ea6\u8fd4\u56de\u8461\u8404\u7259\u7684\u9014\u4e2d\u5931\u8e2a\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u822a\u6d77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5b97\u8c1c\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe19 \u5e15\u8482\u5c3c\u5c14\u300a\u8461\u8404\u7259\u5361\u62c9\u514b\u8239\u961f\u9a76\u8fc7\u5ca9\u77f3\u6d77\u5cb8\u300b\uff08c.1540\uff09\uff0c\u73b0\u85cf\u683c\u6797\u5c3c\u6cbb\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6d77\u4e8b\u535a\u7269\u9986<\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5361\u62c9\u514b\u5e06\u8239\u7684\u8239\u8eab\u90fd\u6d82\u4e0a\u9632\u8150\u9632\u9508\u7684\u9ed1\u6f06\u6216\u9ed1\u8272\u67cf\u6cb9\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u628a\u8de8\u6d0b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u8239\u53ea\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9ed1\u8239\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\n
06<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e0e\u5f02\u57df\u98ce\u60c5<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\u4ed4\u7ec6\u89c2\u6469\u72e9\u91ce\u5185\u81b3\u7684\u5c4f\u98ce\u753b\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u8bb8\u591a\u6d89\u53ca\u5168\u7403\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u4e1c\u897f\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u8239\u201d\u7684\u6845\u6746\u4e0a\u4e0e\u6845\u6746\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7f06\u7ef3\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u6c34\u624b\u6216\u6bd4\u6c34\u624b\u7ea7\u522b\u4f4e\u7684\u7d22\u73af\u5de5\uff0c\u4e2a\u4e2a\u8eab\u624b\u4e0d\u51e1\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u6742\u6280\u6f14\u5458\u4e00\u822c\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u80a4\u8272\u9edd\u9ed1\u6216\u5448\u6df1\u68d5\u8272\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u975e\u6d32\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u6216\u9a6c\u6765\u534a\u5c9b\u3002\u5728\u98ce\u529b\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u5e06\u8239\u822a\u6d77\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6845\u6746\u4e0a\u7684\u6c34\u624b\u8981\u6839\u636e\u8239\u957f\u6216\u5927\u526f\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5347\u964d\u548c\u8c03\u6574\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u98ce\u5e06\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u65e2\u8270\u82e6\u53c8\u5371\u9669\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u5e15\u8482\u5c3c\u5c14\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7ad9\u5728\u6ee1\u98ce\u75be\u9a76\u7684\u5e06\u9876\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6c34\u624b\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe20\u662f\u5de6\u5c4f\u98ce\u5de6\u8fb9\u4e24\u6298\u7684\u4e0b\u90e8\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u89c1\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a91\u7740\u5927\u8c61\u7684\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u201d\uff0c\u88ab\u51e0\u4f4d\u6df1\u80a4\u8272\u7684\u968f\u4ece\u7c07\u62e5\u7740\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u51e0\u4e2a\u4ec6\u4eba\u62ac\u7740\u4e00\u53f0\u8f7f\u6905\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u5750\u7740\u4e00\u4f4d\u767d\u8863\u8001\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e30\u81e3\u79c0\u5409\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4e00\u731c\u6d4b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u4e30\u81e3\u51fa\u884c\u7684\u4eea\u4ed7\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5982\u6b64\u7b80\u6734\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ece\u672a\u7528\u8fc7\u201c\u86ee\u79cd\u201d\u4ec6\u5f79\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u800c\u975e\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u5949\u6559\u7684\u85e9\u4e3b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u6b63\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u770b\u4f3c\u5bcc\u8d35\u4eba\u5bb6\u7684\u524d\u5ead\uff0c\u95e8\u524d\u53ef\u89c1\u7537\u4e3b\u4eba\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u59bb\u5b50\u5219\u5728\u5185\u5ba4\u91cc\u9762\u5411\u5916\u5f20\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe20\u00a0\u300a\u5357\u86ee\u4eba\u6e21\u6765\u56fe\u300b\u5de6\u5c4f\uff08\u5de6\u8d771\u30012\u6298\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u9a91\u8c61\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u201d\u548c\u8f7f\u6905\u4e0a\u7684\u767d\u8863\u4eba<\/p>\n

\u56fe21\u662f\u53f3\u5c4f\u98ce\u5de6\u534a\u90e8\u7684\u4e0b\u65b9\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u89c1\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u201d\u7684\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7a7f\u7740\u8272\u5f69\u7eda\u4e3d\u7684\u8863\u88e4\uff0c\u6234\u5e3d\uff0c\u4f69\u5251\uff0c\u88e4\u8eab\u80a5\u5927\uff0c\u8db3\u767b\u5c16\u5634\u7684\u957f\u9774\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u62ab\u7740\u5927\u6c05\uff0c\u624b\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u63e1\u7740\u767d\u8272\u7eb1\u5dfe\u3002\u968f\u4ece\u5219\u8d64\u811a\uff0c\u6216\u64ce\u7740\u4f1e\uff0c\u6216\u7275\u7740\u540d\u8d35\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u9a6c\u548c\u7075\u7f07\u72ac\uff0c\u62ac\u7740\u793c\u54c1\u7bb1\u548c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793c\u7269\u7684\u5357\u4e9a\u864e\u3002\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2\u6709\u72e9\u91ce\u5185\u81b3\u7684\u7b7e\u540d\u548c\u65b9\u58f6\u5370\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe21\u00a0\u300a\u5357\u86ee\u4eba\u6e21\u6765\u56fe\u300b\u53f3\u5c4f\uff08\u5de6\u534a\u90e8\u4e0b\u65b9\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u5357\u86ee\u961f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u793c\u54c1<\/p>\n

\u6700\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u662f\u53f3\u5c4f\u7684\u53f3\u534a\u8fb9\uff0c\u5982\u56fe22\uff1a\u90a3\u662f\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u201d\u961f\u5217\u6700\u524d\u9762\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u7ea2\u8863\u4eba\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9996\u9886\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u6709\u4eba\u5f15\u8def\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u6709\u4eba\u6491\u4f1e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8d34\u8eab\u7684\u62a4\u536b\u6216\u526f\u5b98\u3002\u518d\u5411\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u4e0b\u5c5e\uff08\u591a\u534a\u662f\u8bd1\u5458\uff09\u6b63\u4e0e\u4e00\u540d\u6559\u58eb\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5411\u540e\u8005\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6765\u5ba2\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u8c08\u8bdd\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u540e\u65b9\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u7a7f\u9ed1\u888d\u7684\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u58eb\uff0c\u7a7f\u7070\u888d\u7cfb\u8170\u7ef3\u5e76\u8d64\u811a\u7684\u662f\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\u58eb\u3002\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4eec\u8eab\u540e\u5219\u662f\u5f53\u5730\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u7537\u5973\u8001\u5c11\u90fd\u6709\uff0c\u7a7f\u7740\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u8fd9\u7fa4\u4eba\u7ad9\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u6761\u7e41\u534e\u8857\u5df7\u7684\u5165\u53e3\uff0c\u9053\u65c1\u53ef\u89c1\u4e00\u5bb6\u51fa\u552e\u517d\u76ae\u7684\u5546\u94fa\uff0c\u6a71\u7a97\u4e2d\u9732\u51fa\u7684\u864e\u76ae\u8c79\u76ae\u5e94\u8be5\u6765\u81ea\u5f02\u57df\uff1b\u4e0e\u5b83\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u591a\u534a\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u65c5\u820d\uff08\u6216\u5993\u9662\uff09\uff0c\u5973\u4e3b\u4eba\u7ad9\u5728\u95e8\u524d\u4f5c\u62db\u547c\u72b6\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u7a97\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u89c1\u5ba4\u5185\u7684\u88ab\u8925\u4e0e\u6446\u7740\u9152\u98df\u7684\u9910\u684c\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe22\u00a0\u300a\u5357\u86ee\u4eba\u6e21\u6765\u56fe\u300b\u53f3\u5c4f\uff08\u53f3\u534a\u90e8\u4e0b\u65b9\uff09\u7684\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u201d\u9996\u9886\u4e0e\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4eec<\/p>\n

\u56fe23\u662f\u6b64\u5c4f\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u5c4b\u810a\u4e0a\u53ef\u89c1\u4e00\u4e2a\u602a\u5f02\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\uff0c\u5f62\u72b6\u4e0e\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5949\u6559\u5927\u540d\u5c0f\u897f\u884c\u957f\u5bb6\u7684\u65cf\u5fbd\uff08\u56fe24\uff09\u9887\u4e3a\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u6559\u5802\u5185\u4f9b\u5949\u7740\u5723\u6bcd\u7684\u753b\u50cf\uff0c\u6559\u58eb\u6b63\u4e3a\u4fe1\u5f92\u7977\u544a\uff0c\u4e24\u540d\u6b66\u58eb\u5206\u522b\u8dea\u5728\u5802\u5185\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u53d7\u6d17\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5de6\u56fe23\u65e5\u672c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u53f3\u56fe24\u5c0f\u897f\u884c\u957f\u5bb6\u7684\u65cf\u5fbd<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\u6765\u770b\u56fe25\uff0c\u5373\u53f3\u5c4f\u4e2d\u90e8\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u201d\u7fa4\u50cf\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8239\u4e0a\u7684\u6c34\u624b\u6216\u968f\u8239\u800c\u6765\u7684\u5c0f\u8d29\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4fa8\u5c45\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u201d\uff0c\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e34\u8fd1\u505c\u6cca\u5730\u7684\u5cb8\u8fb9\u6446\u8bbe\u5730\u644a\uff0c\u515c\u552e\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u6709\u7334\u5b50\u3001\u9e66\u9e49\u3001\u9e9d\u9999\u732b\u3001\u5154\u5b50\u3001\u4e1d\u7ef8\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u9f13\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe25 \u300a\u5357\u86ee\u4eba\u6e21\u6765\u56fe\u300b\u53f3\u5c4f\u4e2d\u90e8\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u201d\u5546\u8d29<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u5165\u65e5\u672c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5883\u9047\u4e5f\u5927\u540c\u5c0f\u5f02\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u79f0\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u4e3a\u201c\u8fdc\u5937\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5219\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u201d\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7259-\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7cfb\u7684\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u201d\u4e4b\u540e\u5219\u6709\u8377\u5170\u7cfb\u7684\u201c\u7ea2\u6bdb\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7ea2\u8543\u201d\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u975e\u6211\u65cf\u7c7b\u5e76\u542b\u9119\u89c6\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u5728\u6b23\u8d4f\u7fa1\u6155\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u706b\u5668\u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u5947\u5de7\u6deb\u6280\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u3001\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5bf9\u5916\u6765\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6587\u5316\u4e5f\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u5145\u5206\u7684\u6212\u5907\u3002\u201c\u9ed1\u8239\u201d\u4e4b\u540d\u8d77\u4e8e\u7ec7\u7530\u3001\u4e30\u81e3\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u4e0a\u7684\u706b\u70ae\u548c\u8f7d\u6765\u7684\u731b\u517d\u4e00\u9053\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u542b\u6709\u4e0d\u7965\u4e4b\u5146\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8f83\u4e4b\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u6837\u60a0\u4e45\u6df1\u8fdc\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u201c\u4f34\u5929\u8fde\u8ffd\u653e\u4ee4\u201d\u9881\u5e03\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u5357\u86ee\u201d\u8d38\u6613\u7167\u5e38\u8fdb\u884c\uff1b\u6c5f\u6237\u5e55\u5e9c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u957f\u671f\u5b9e\u884c\u9501\u56fd\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u963b\u788d\u201c\u5170\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u5230\u4e861853\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u51c6\u5c06\u4f69\u91cc\uff08Matthew Perry,1794-1858\uff09\u7387\u9886\u70ae\u8230\u51b2\u8fdb\u6c5f\u6237\u6e7e\uff08\u5373\u4e1c\u4eac\u6e7e\uff09\uff0c\u8d27\u771f\u4ef7\u5b9e\u7684\u201c\u9ed1\u8239\u201d\u51fb\u6e83\u4e86\u65e7\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u65e7\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u95e8\u6237\u5b8c\u5168\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u4e2d\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c31\u6b64\u5448\u73b0\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4f5c\u8005:\u5218\u949d\u00a0 \u00a0\u6765\u6e90: \u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50 \u5bfc \u8bfb \u8fd1\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u5165\u65e5\u672c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5883\u9047\u4e5f\u5927\u540c\u5c0f\u5f02 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[2848,11499,19190],"views":78,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65775"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=65775"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65775\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":65778,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65775\/revisions\/65778"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=65775"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=65775"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=65775"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}