\u672c\u6587\u8282\u9009\u81ea\u300a\u9f99\u4e0e\u72ee\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd: \u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e0e\u9a6c\u621b\u5c14\u5c3c\u8bbf\u534e\u4f7f\u56e2\u300b\u738b\u5b8f\u5fd7 \u8457<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u9664\u4e86\u628a\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u56e2\u7684\u6765\u8bbf\u89c6\u4e3a\u81e3\u4f0f\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u522b\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u2014\u2014\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u83f2\u8328\u4f11\uff08Thomas Fitzhugh\uff09\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7279\u9009\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u56e2\u56de\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u95ee\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ddf\u4ed6\u4eec\u8c08\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u2014\u2014\u767b\u7ef4\u5fb7\uff08James Dinwiddie\uff0c1746\u20141815\uff09\u9a6c\u621b\u5c14\u5c3c\u4f7f\u56e2\u673a\u68b0\u5e08<\/p>\n
1792\u5e74\uff08\u4e7e\u9686\u4e94\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6d3e\u9063\u9a6c\u621b\u5c14\u5c3c\u52cb\u7235\uff08George Lord Macartney, 1737\u20141806\uff09\u7387\u9886\u4f7f\u56e2\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u643a\u5e26\u4e30\u76db\u7684\u793c\u7269\uff0c\u4ee5\u8865\u795d\u4e7e\u9686\uff08\u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u00b7\u5f18\u5386\uff0c1711\u20141799\uff0c1735\u20141796\u5728\u4f4d\uff09\u516b\u5341\u5927\u5bff\u4e3a\u540d\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6253\u5f00\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u95e8\u3002\u4f7f\u56e2\u8239\u961f\u81ea1792\u5e749\u670826\u65e5\u4ece\u82f1\u56fd\u6734\u6b21\u8305\u65af\uff08Portsmouth\uff09\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc79\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u822a\u884c\uff0c1793\u5e746\u670820\u65e5\u62b5\u8fbe\u6fb3\u95e8\u5916\u6d77\uff0c\u77ed\u6682\u505c\u7559\u540e\u4fbf\u7ee7\u7eed\u5317\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ecf\u767d\u6cb3\u5927\u6cbd\u53e3\uff0c\u57281793\u5e748\u670811\u65e5\u62b5\u8fbe\u5929\u6d25\uff0c\u53d6\u9053\u901a\u5dde\uff0c8\u670821\u65e5\u5230\u8fbe\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u5148\u4f4f\u5728\u5706\u660e\u56ed\u8fb9\u4e0a\u7684\u5b8f\u96c5\u56ed\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u57288\u670826\u65e5\u8f6c\u5230\u5185\u57ce\uff0c9\u67082\u65e5\u51fa\u53d1\u524d\u5f80\u627f\u5fb7\uff0c9\u670814\u65e5\uff08\u4e7e\u9686\u4e94\u5341\u516b\u5e74\u516b\u6708\u5341\u65e5\uff09\u5728\u70ed\u6cb3\u4e07\u6811\u56ed\u89d0\u89c1\u4e7e\u9686\uff0c\u5448\u9012\u56fd\u4e66\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e2d\u82f1\u4e24\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u9ad8\u5c42\u5916\u4ea4\u63a5\u89e6\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
1793\u5e74\uff08\u4e7e\u9686\u4e94\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff099\u6708\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6d3e\u51fa\u7684\u7279\u4f7f\u9a6c\u621b\u5c14\u5c3c\u5230\u8fbe\u70ed\u6cb3\uff08\u627f\u5fb7\uff09\u884c\u5bab\uff0c\u62dc\u89c1\u4e86\u4e7e\u9686\u7687\u5e1d<\/p>\n
\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5728\u9a6c\u621b\u5c14\u5c3c\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5df2\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6d3e\u9063\u4f7f\u56e2\u8bbf\u534e\u3002\u51ef\u601d\u5361\u7279\uff08Charles Cathcart, 1759\u20141788\uff0c\u53c8\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u52a0\u8328\u5580\u7279\u201d\uff09\u4f7f\u56e2\u57281787\u5e74\u521d\u5f00\u59cb\u7b79\u5907\uff0c\u540c\u5e7412\u670821\u65e5\u81ea\u82f1\u56fd\u6e2f\u53e3\u65af\u5e87\u6c49\uff08Spithead\uff09\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u56e2\u57281788\u5e746\u670810\u65e5\u62b5\u8fbe\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u90a6\u52a0\u6d77\u5ce1\uff08Straits of Banka\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u7279\u4f7f\u51ef\u601d\u5361\u7279\u731d\u7136\u75c5\u901d\uff0c\u4f7f\u56e2\u88ab\u8feb\u6298\u56de\u3002\u56db\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u9a6c\u621b\u5c14\u5c3c\u4f7f\u56e2\u4ee5\u8865\u795d\u4e7e\u9686\u516b\u5341\u5bff\u8fb0\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u6210\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5728\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9a6c\u621b\u5c14\u5c3c\u4f7f\u56e2\u524d\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u5b98\u5458\u66fe\u5411\u82f1\u56fd\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6d3e\u9063\u4ee3\u8868\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u8d3a\u5bff\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6863\u6848\uff0c1789\u5e749\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u884c\u5546Munqua\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u6587\u5b98\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u4e07\u548c\u884c\u7684\u8521\u4e16\u6587\uff081734\u20141796\uff09\uff0c\u4f20\u6765\u7ca4\u6d77\u5173\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u8981\u4e0e\u516c\u53f8\u5927\u73ed\u89c1\u9762\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c\u5e7f\u5dde\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7279\u9009\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee\uff08John Harrison\uff0c\u7ea61721\u20141794\uff09\u53ca\u5e03\u9c81\u65af\uff08A. Bruce\uff09\u5c31\u524d\u5f80\u6d77\u5173\u76d1\u7763\u5b98\u8859\u3002\u9a6c\u58eb\uff08Hosea Ballou Morse, 1855\u20141934\uff09\u8bf4\u8fd9\u6b21\u5546\u8c08\u662f\u57281789\u5e7410\u6708\u3002\u4ece\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u6863\u6848\u6240\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u53cc\u65b9\u6664\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u7ca4\u6d77\u5173\u76d1\u7763\u63d0\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u5c31\u662f\u4e7e\u9686\u516b\u5341\u5bff\u8fb0\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u6240\u6709\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u59d4\u6d3e\u4e24\u540d\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u524d\u8d74\u5317\u4eac\u8d3a\u5bff\u3002\u636e\u7279\u9009\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u7ca4\u6d77\u5173\u76d1\u7763\u7279\u522b\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u662f\u6700\u53d7\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u60f3\u5148\u542c\u4e00\u4e0b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u518d\u53bb\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u5546\u8bae\u3002\u4f46\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee\u5374\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5317\u4eac\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u5f85\u8fc7\u5916\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4f1a\u88ab\u6263\u62bc\uff0c\u53c8\u62c5\u5fc3\u8981\u5411\u7687\u5e1d\u53e9\u5934\u3002\u7ca4\u6d77\u5173\u76d1\u7763\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6263\u62bc\u516c\u53f8\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4e14\u6cbf\u9014\u4f1a\u70ed\u60c5\u63a5\u5f85\uff0c\u8d39\u7528\u7531\u5b98\u5458\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u4f46\u5411\u7687\u5e1d\u53e9\u5934\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u793c\u8282\u3002\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee\u56de\u5e94\u8bf4\u6240\u6709\u4f53\u9762\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u540c\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u80af\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u6765\u89d0\u89c1\u7687\u5e1d\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7ca4\u6d77\u5173\u76d1\u7763\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u660e\u786e\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u5e03\u9c81\u65af\u8868\u793a\u540c\u610f\u53bb\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d2c\u4f4e\u4ed6\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6d77\u5173\u76d1\u7763\u5bf9\u6b64\u5f88\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u793a\u4f1a\u5411\u4e24\u5e7f\u603b\u7763\u5982\u5b9e\u6c47\u62a5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5e7f\u5dde\u7279\u9009\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u5728\u7fcc\u5e745\u6708\u624d\u9001\u5230\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff0c\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e7f\u5dde\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f88\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u9a6c\u4e0a\u53d1\u51fa\u63aa\u8f9e\u76f8\u5f53\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u8c34\u8d23\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u61e6\u5f31\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u9519\u5931\u8ba9\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u76f4\u63a5\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u56fd\u5bab\u5ef7\u884c\u4f7f\u5916\u56fd\u793c\u4eea\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4efb\u4f55\u5c48\u8fb1\uff1b\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6307\u793a\u7279\u9009\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8981\u7acb\u5373\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u9884\u671f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5feb\u4ece\u5e7f\u5dde\u6d3e\u9063\u4ee3\u8868\u51fa\u53d1\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u5230\u6307\u793a\u540e\uff0c\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee\u8054\u540c\u7279\u9009\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5411\u4f26\u6566\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u62d2\u7edd\u6d3e\u4eba\u5230\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u6700\u7ec8\u6ca1\u6709\u843d\u5b9e\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u8fd8\u544a\u8bc9\u4e00\u4e9b\u5916\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\u65e0\u987b\u524d\u5f80\u5317\u4eac\u3002\u9a6c\u58eb\u5c06\u7279\u9009\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6574\u6bb5\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4f46\u653e\u57281790\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4ece\u5e7f\u5dde\u6d3e\u5458\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u6b64\u53c8\u91cd\u71c3\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6d3e\u9001\u4f7f\u56e2\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u663e\u793a\u5317\u4eac\u671d\u5ef7\u662f\u6b22\u8fce\u82f1\u56fd\u6d3e\u9063\u4f7f\u56e2\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u7279\u9009\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u6c47\u62a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c1\u5230\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\u53ea\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e24\u5e7f\u603b\u7763\u548c\u7ca4\u6d77\u5173\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u65b9\u9762\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u63a5\u5f85\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u5411\u4e7e\u9686\u795d\u5bff\u3002<\/p>\n
\u82f1\u56fd\u9063\u4f7f\u6765\u534e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u4e89\u53d6\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bbe\u7acb\u4f7f\u9986\uff0c\u5e76\u5272\u8ba9\u6216\u79df\u501f\u6e2f\u53e3\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6d3e\u9063\u4f7f\u56e2\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5c1d\u8bd5\u90fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5f7b\u5e95\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9a6c\u621b\u5c14\u5c3c\u5728\u70ed\u6cb3\u89d0\u89c1\u8fc7\u4e7e\u9686\uff0c\u5448\u9012\u56fd\u4e66\u5e76\u7a0d\u4f5c\u53c2\u89c2\u540e\uff0c\u4fbf\u57281793\u5e749\u670821\u65e5\u5306\u5306\u79bb\u5f00\u70ed\u6cb3\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u4e45\u5373\u5f97\u5230\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u8981\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c3d\u5feb\u79bb\u5f00\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f7f\u56e2\u572810\u67087\u65e5\u79bb\u5f00\u5317\u4eac\u5357\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e24\u4e2a\u591a\u6708\u7684\u884c\u7a0b\uff0c12\u670819\u65e5\u62b5\u8fbe\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u57281794\u5e741\u67088\u65e5\u4ece\u6fb3\u95e8\u8d77\u951a\u56de\u56fd\u3002\u5728\u79bb\u5f00\u5317\u4eac\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u9a6c\u621b\u5c14\u5c3c\u6b63\u5f0f\u4ee5\u4e66\u9762\u5f62\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u591a\u9879\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5374\u5168\u90e8\u4e3a\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u4f7f\u56e2\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230\u539f\u6765\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u66f4\u751a\u7684\u662f\u6709\u4f7f\u56e2\u6210\u5458\u611f\u5230\u906d\u53d7\u5f88\u5927\u4fae\u8fb1\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u50cf\u4e5e\u4e10\u4e00\u6837\u8fdb\u5165\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u50cf\u56da\u72af\u4e00\u6837\u7559\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u50cf\u96be\u6c11\u4e00\u6837\u79bb\u5f00\u3002\u201d\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5927\u4f7f\u9a6c\u621b\u5c14\u5c3c\u548c\u526f\u4f7f\u65af\u5f53\u4e1c\uff08George Leonard Staunton, 1737\u20141801\uff09\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f7f\u56e2\u7a7a\u624b\u800c\u56de\u3002\u9a6c\u621b\u5c14\u5c3c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4f7f\u56e2\u4e4b\u884c\u8ba9\u6e05\u5ef7\u4e0a\u4e0b\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u6ca1\u6709\u89c1\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4e14\u4f7f\u56e2\u6210\u5458\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u597d\u611f\u53ca\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u6e05\u5ef7\u4ee5\u540e\u5bf9\u5f85\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\u4f1a\u5f88\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u79bb\u5f00\u5317\u4eac\u524d\u5f80\u5e7f\u5dde\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u5148\u4e0e\u8d1f\u8d23\u966a\u540c\u4f7f\u56e2\u81ea\u5317\u4eac\u5357\u4e0b\u81f3\u676d\u5dde\u7684\u94a6\u5dee\u5927\u81e3\u677e\u7b60\uff081752\u20141835\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53c8\u4e0e\u63a5\u7eed\u966a\u540c\u7684\u65b0\u4efb\u4e24\u5e7f\u603b\u7763\u957f\u9e9f\uff08\uff1f\u2014 1811\uff09\u5546\u8ba8\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e0d\u5c11\u6539\u5584\u5e7f\u5dde\u8d38\u6613\u73af\u5883\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e5f\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4f7f\u56e2\u83b7\u51c6\u4ece\u9646\u8def\u5357\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u5145\u88d5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9a6c\u621b\u5c14\u5c3c\u4f7f\u56e2\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6210\u679c\u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u52d8\u5bdf\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cbf\u6d77\u6c34\u57df\uff0c\u7ed8\u5236\u5730\u56fe\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5168\u65b0\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5bf9\u65e5\u540e\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u534e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ee5\u81f3\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u8d77\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u540c\u53f2\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e8c\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u9a6c\u621b\u5c14\u5c3c\u4f7f\u56e2\u6709\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u548c\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4f46\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u8bbf\u534e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u786e\u662f\u4e2d\u82f1\u4e24\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e24\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u6709\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u9a6c\u621b\u5c14\u5c3c\u8096\u50cf\u753b<\/p>\n
\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u90fd\u5f88\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u8ddf\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ece\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u4fbf\u9762\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0a\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u4e00\u4e16\uff08Elizabeth I, 1533\u20141603\uff0c1558\u20141603\u5728\u4f4d\uff09\u66fe\u5148\u540e\u4e09\u6b21\u7740\u4eba\u643a\u5e26\u4fe1\u51fd\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u57281583\u5e74\u4ea4\u7531\u5546\u4eba\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u7ebd\u4f2f\u91cc\uff08John Newberry\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u4f46\u9014\u4e2d\u7ebd\u4f2f\u91cc\u88ab\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\u62d8\u6355\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u628a\u4fe1\u5e26\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u30021596\u5e74\uff0c\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u4e00\u4e16\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\u81f4\u4fe1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6d3e\u9063\u4f7f\u81e3\u672c\u6770\u660e\u00b7\u4f0d\u5fb7\uff08Benjamin Wood\uff09\u4e58\u5750\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u8fbe\u5fb7\u5229\uff08Robert Dudley\uff09\u8230\u961f\u7684\u8239\u53ea\uff0c\u8fde\u540c\u4e24\u540d\u5546\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4f46\u8230\u961f\u4e5f\u5728\u9014\u4e2d\u9047\u9669\uff0c\u5148\u4e0e\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8239\u961f\u5f00\u6218\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u7f05\u7538\u6d77\u5cb8\u906d\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u88ad\u51fb\uff0c\u8fde\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u8258\u8239\u4e5f\u6c89\u6ca1\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u8239\u5458\u88ab\u6740\uff0c\u4f46\u8fbe\u5fb7\u5229\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u4ee5\u9003\u8131\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u53bb\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u662f\u5728\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\u76841602\u5e74\uff0c\u822a\u6d77\u5bb6\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u97e6\u8305\u65af\uff08George Weymouth, \u7ea61585\u2014\u7ea61612\uff09\u4ece\u4f26\u6566\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ece\u4e1c\u5317\u65b9\u5411\u5bfb\u627e\u5230\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u822a\u7ebf\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u65f6\u5e26\u4e0a\u4e86\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u4e00\u4e16\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8239\u5458\u53db\u53d8\u4ee5\u53ca\u98ce\u6d6a\uff0c\u97e6\u8305\u65af\u88ab\u8feb\u6298\u8fd4\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u4e00\u4e16\u5148\u540e\u5171\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u8fc7\u4e09\u5c01\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u59cb\u7ec8\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u5230\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u9644\u6709\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u81f3\u5c11\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u5c01\u6709\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6587\u548c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e09\u5c01\u4fe1\u5168\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e2d\u6587\u8bd1\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u9884\u6599\u4e4b\u5185\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u82f1\u56fd\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u4eba\u628a\u4fe1\u4ef6\u8bd1\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\u30021617\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u4e00\u4e16\uff08James I, 1566\u20141625\uff0c1603\u20141625\u5728\u4f4d\uff09\u4e5f\u66fe\u7ecf\u5199\u8fc7\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5f00\u5c55\u4e2d\u82f1\u5546\u8d38\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u60f3\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u77e5\u9053\u5f53\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4f1a\u534f\u52a9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4fe1\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u5b9a\u90a3\u662f\u4f1a\u88ab\u5224\u6b7b\u5211\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u4e00\u4e16\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e5f\u4ee5\u5931\u8d25\u544a\u7ec8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u6765\u534e\u8d38\u6613\u8d77\u6b65\u8f83\u665a\u3002\u8461\u8404\u7259\u5546\u4eba\u65e9\u5728\u660e\u4e2d\u53f6\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e70\u5356\u3002\u6b63\u5fb7\u516b\u5e74\uff081513\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u6b27\u7ef4\u58eb\uff08Jorge Alvares, \uff1f\u20141521\uff09\u81ea\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\u6240\u5360\u9886\u7684\u6ee1\u524c\u52a0\uff08\u9a6c\u516d\u7532\uff09\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5230\u8fbe\u5e7f\u5dde\u9644\u8fd1\u7684Tamao\u505a\u4e70\u5356\uff0c\u8d5a\u5230\u4e30\u539a\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u56de\u56fd\u30021557\u5e74\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u201c\u8d41\u5c45\u201d\u6fb3\u95e8\uff0c\u201c\u7b51\u5ba4\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4e0d\u903e\u5e74\u591a\u81f3\u6570\u767e\u533a\u201d\u30021583\u5e74\uff0c\u6fb3\u95e8\u5df2\u6709900\u540d\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
\u82f1\u56fd\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u8d38\u6613\u4e70\u5356\uff0c\u662f\u57281637\u5e74\u7531\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5a01\u5fb7\u5c14\uff08John Weddell, 1583\u20141642\uff09\u6240\u7387\u9886\u7684\u5546\u8239\u961f\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u548c\u8d38\u6613\u5176\u5b9e\u6beb\u4e0d\u987a\u5229\uff0c\u8239\u961f\u5728\u5230\u8fbe\u6fb3\u95e8\u548c\u5e7f\u5dde\u540e\uff0c\u51e0\u7ecf\u5468\u6298\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8981\u5728\u6b66\u88c5\u51b2\u7a81\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u624d\u52c9\u5f3a\u8d2d\u4e70\u5f97\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d27\u7269\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u7b97\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u864e\u95e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u91cc\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u75c7\u7ed3\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ea4\u4ee3\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ca\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u548c\u7eb7\u4e89\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8bd1\u8005\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u540d\u6765\u81ea\u5e7f\u5dde\u7684\u901a\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u4e2d\u62e8\u5f04\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u6587\u8d44\u6599\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u540d\u61c2\u5f97\u8461\u8bed\u7684\u901a\u4e8b\u53ebPablo Noretti\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5373\u300a\u660e\u53f2\u00b7\u548c\u5170\u4f20\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u8bb0\u7684\u201c\u5978\u6c11\u674e\u53f6\u8363\u201d\u3002\u672c\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ecf\u7531\u5e7f\u5dde\u603b\u9547\u6d77\u9053\u90d1\u89d0\u5149\u6307\u6d3e\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5411\u864e\u95e8\u5916\u6d77\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u4f20\u8c15\uff0c\u201c\u60d5\u4ee5\u5229\u5bb3\u201d\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7acb\u523b\u5f00\u6d0b\u5f52\u56fd\u3002\u4f46\u674e\u53f6\u8363\u5374\u544a\u8bc9\u5a01\u5fb7\u5c14\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4ed6\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u7f34\u4ed8\u7a0e\u6b3e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5e9c\u4fbf\u5bb9\u8bb8\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u8fd8\u8bf4\u5b98\u5e9c\u4f20\u8c15\u6307\u5b9a\u4ed6\u6765\u5145\u4efb\u8fd9\u6b21\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u6765\u534e\u4e70\u5356\u7684\u901a\u4e8b\u53ca\u7ecf\u7eaa\uff0c\u628a\u4e94\u540d\u82f1\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\u8fde\u540c\u8d27\u6b3e\u5e26\u5230\u5e7f\u5dde\u53bb\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u56de\u5230\u5e7f\u5dde\u540e\uff0c\u674e\u53f6\u8363\u5148\u628a\u82f1\u5546\u85cf\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u544a\u53d1\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u79c1\u5e26\u5937\u8d27\u5165\u7701\u201d\uff0c\u53c8\u5411\u5b98\u5458\u6c47\u62a5\u8bf4\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u62d2\u7edd\u542c\u547d\uff0c\u4e0d\u80af\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e0e\u4ed6\u52fe\u7ed3\u7684\u603b\u5175\u9648\u8c26\u5411\u864e\u95e8\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u8239\u961f\u53d1\u52a8\u706b\u653b\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u98ce\u5411\u521a\u597d\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u624d\u5e78\u514d\u4e8e\u96be\u3002\u674e\u53f6\u8363\u548c\u9648\u8c26\u8fd9\u7b49\u540c\u8c0b\u8d22\u5bb3\u547d\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u5a01\u5fb7\u5c14\u4ee5\u6b66\u529b\u6551\u4eba\u7d22\u8d27\u540e\u88ab\u63ed\u7a7f\uff0c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u4ecb\u5165\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u674e\u53f6\u8363\u548c\u9648\u8c26\u88ab\u60e9\u5904\uff0c\u800c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u83b7\u51c6\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u4e70\u5356\u8d27\u7269\u540e\u79bb\u5f00\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u624d\u7b97\u5b8c\u6210\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8<\/p>\n
\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u8fd9\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5728\u534e\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u4e0d\u6109\u5feb\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u4ee4\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u6c9f\u901a\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8461\u8bed\u662f\u4e1c\u65b9\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u76f4\u81f318\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u5546\u4eba\u90fd\u4e00\u5b9a\u968f\u5e26\u61c2\u8461\u8bed\u7684\u8bd1\u5458\u540c\u884c\u3002\u5a01\u5fb7\u5c14\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u65e9\u5df2\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u7279\u610f\u62db\u8058\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u61c2\u8461\u8bed\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u7f57\u5bbe\u900a\uff08Thomas Robinson, \uff1f\u20141638\uff09\u968f\u8239\u51fa\u53d1\u3002\u4f46\u7f57\u5bbe\u900a\u4e0d\u61c2\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u670d\u52a1\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u61c2\u5f97\u8461\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6ca1\u6cd5\u8ddf\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u76f4\u63a5\u6c9f\u901a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u5a01\u5fb7\u5c14\u53ea\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u8fd9\u540d\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u901a\u4e8b\u674e\u53f6\u8363\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u60f9\u6765\u8fd9\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u5a01\u5fb7\u5c14\u5728\u79bb\u5f00\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u66fe\u7ecf\u7b7e\u8fc7\u627f\u8bfa\u4e66\uff0c\u5728\u88ab\u6263\u5e7f\u5dde\u7684\u8239\u5458\u83b7\u91ca\u5e76\u53d6\u56de\u8d27\u6b3e\u53ca\u8d27\u7269\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fbf\u4f1a\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u518d\u56de\u6765\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5a01\u5fb7\u5c14\u7684\u786e\u9075\u5b88\u8fd9\u8bfa\u8a00\uff0c\u76f4\u81f31642\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\u524d\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8e0f\u8db3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u968f\u540e\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e70\u5356\uff0c\u76f4\u81f31676\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u624d\u5728\u53a6\u95e8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5546\u884c\uff0c1699\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u4e70\u5356\u3002\u4f46\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ee5\u81f3\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4e14\u65f6\u5e38\u906d\u5f53\u5730\u5b98\u5458\u8bf8\u591a\u9700\u7d22\u538b\u8feb\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u6df1\u611f\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u6253\u7834\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u9650\u30021757\u5e74\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u6d2a\u4efb\u8f89\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6253\u7834\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u901a\u5546\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u6d3e\u9063\u804c\u5458\u5230\u5b81\u6ce2\u548c\u5929\u6d25\u8fdb\u884c\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6d2a\u4efb\u8f89\uff08James Flint\uff09\u662f\u73b0\u65f6\u5df2\u77e5\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u51fa\u8d44\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u8bd1\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u57281736\u5e74\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c1741\u5e74\u5f97\u5230\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u8d27\u76d1\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u5965\u5229\u5f17\uff08Richard Oliver\uff09\u8d44\u52a9150\u4e24\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u7559\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u5b66\u4e2d\u6587\u30021743\u5e74\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u5b89\u68ee\uff08George Anson, 1697\u20141762\uff09\u6765\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u65f6\uff0c\u6d2a\u4efb\u8f89\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u8bd1\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u76f4\u4ece\u65c1\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ffb\u8bd1\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u8d5e\u8d4f\u3002\u7fcc\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u53c2\u52a0\u8d27\u76d1\u4eec\u4e0e\u7ca4\u6d77\u5173\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4f20\u8bd1\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u5f97\u5230\u597d\u8bc4\u30021746\u5e74\uff0c\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u8463\u4e8b\u5c40\u6b63\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d27\u76d1\u7684\u201c\u901a\u4e8b\u201d\uff08linguist\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u6709\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u534f\u52a9\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u6bcf\u6761\u8239\u53ef\u9886\u53d690\u4e24\u7684\u85aa\u91d1\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u975e\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d7\u85aa\u96c7\u5458\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u66f4\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u201c\u8bd1\u5458\u201d\uff08translator\/interpreter\uff09\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u6765\u8058\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u5012\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4e70\u529e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u5355\u57281750\u5e74\u8d38\u6613\u5e74\u5ea6\u5185\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6536\u5165\u4fbf\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e8e900\u4e24\uff0c\u4e14\u516c\u53f8\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u597d\u51e0\u6b21\u5bf9\u6d2a\u4efb\u8f89\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u8868\u793a\u80af\u5b9a\u30021753\u5e74\uff0c\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u610f\u91cd\u5f00\u5b81\u6ce2\u7684\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u4fbf\u6d3e\u9063\u4ed6\u5230\u5b81\u6ce2\u53bb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7ca4\u6d77\u5173\u76d1\u7763\u62d8\u6355\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u66ff\u6d2a\u4efb\u8f89\u4e66\u5199\u7980\u8bcd\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8b66\u793a\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u4f46\u6d2a\u4efb\u8f89\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u8fd8\u662f\u518d\u53bb\u5b81\u6ce2\uff0c\u60f9\u6765\u5e7f\u5dde\u65b9\u9762\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u4e7e\u9686\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff081757\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u6d2a\u4efb\u8f89\u5949\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4e58\u8239\u5230\u5929\u6d25\u5448\u8bc9\uff0c\u63a7\u544a\u7ca4\u6d77\u5173\u52d2\u7d22\uff0c\u6295\u8bc9\u5e7f\u5dde\u901a\u5546\u73af\u5883\u6076\u52a3\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u5b81\u6ce2\u5f00\u57e0\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u53e3\u901a\u5546\u683c\u5c40\u3002\u671d\u5ef7\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5bf9\u52d2\u7d22\u5e7f\u5dde\u5916\u5546\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5c55\u5f00\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u60e9\u5904\u7ca4\u6d77\u5173\u603b\u7763\u674e\u6c38\u6807\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d2a\u4efb\u8f89\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u5e74\u672a\u7ecf\u6279\u51c6\u3001\u79c1\u81ea\u8dd1\u5230\u5b81\u6ce2\u8fdb\u884c\u4e70\u5356\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u5f3a\u786c\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5904\u6b7b\u4ee3\u5199\u72b6\u6587\u7684\u5218\u4e9a\u533e\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6fb3\u95e8\u5708\u7981\u6d2a\u4efb\u8f89\u4e09\u5e74\uff081759\u5e7412\u67086\u65e5\u81f31762\u5e7411\u6708\uff09\uff0c\u5211\u6ee1\u9010\u79bb\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u51c6\u518d\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6d2a\u4efb\u8f89\u5f97\u5230\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u6c34\u5e73\u2014\u2014\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e66\u5199\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002\u5b66\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u66ff\u4ed6\u4e66\u5199\u7980\u8bcd\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u88ab\u62d8\u6355\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8a8a\u5199\uff0c\u6d2a\u4efb\u8f89\u7684\u6587\u4e66\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u4eba\u8bfb\u61c2\u201d\u3002\u6d2a\u4efb\u8f89\u5728\u5929\u6d25\u6240\u6295\u9012\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5448\u6298\u91cc\u4e5f\u53ea\u627f\u8ba4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u53ea\u4f1a\u773c\u524d\u8fd9\u51e0\u53e5\u5b98\u8bdd\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u90fd\u5199\u5728\u5448\u5b50\u4e0a\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6295\u8bc9\u72b6\u8bcd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u7684\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6d2a\u4efb\u8f89\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u662f\u5408\u683c\u7684\u8bd1\u5458\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6355\u3001\u5708\u7981\u6216\u9a71\u9010\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u6539\u5584\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u82f1\u56fd\u4f7f\u56e2\u753b\u5bb6\u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u4e7e\u9686\u7687\u5e1d<\/p>\n
\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u4e3a\u5e7f\u5dde\u5916\u8d38\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5916\u5546\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u5916\u8d38\u4e2d\u5360\u591a\u5927\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u59cb\u7ec8\u9762\u5bf9\u7740\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u969c\u788d\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fc7\u52a0\u5f3a\u6c49\u8bed\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u30021753\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u6d2a\u4efb\u8f89\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u524d\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u66fe\u51fa\u8d44\u6d3e\u9063\u4e24\u540d\u96c7\u5458\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u8d1d\u6587\uff08Thomas Bevan\uff09\u53ca\u5df4\u987f\uff08Barton\uff09\u5230\u5357\u4eac\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u6587\u3002\u5df4\u987f\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u540e\u6765\u4e0d\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u8d1d\u6587\u770b\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u5341\u5206\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8463\u4e8b\u5c40\u4e3b\u5e2d\u78a7\u53e4\uff08Frederick Pigou\uff09\u57281756\u5e742\u670814\u65e5\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8d1d\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u6587\u8fdb\u6b65\u5f97\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u4e14\u54c1\u884c\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u5728\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\u4f1a\u4e3a\u516c\u53f8\u63d0\u4f9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u30021757\u5e74\uff0c\u8d1d\u6587\u66fe\u8ddf\u968f\u6d2a\u4efb\u8f89\u5317\u4e0a\u5929\u6d25\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u90fd\u662f\u6d2a\u4efb\u8f89\u88ab\u5708\u7981\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5728\u6d2a\u4efb\u8f89\u88ab\u56da\u7981\u540e\uff0c\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u4fbf\u518d\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u8d1d\u6587\u7ee7\u7eed\u505a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6216\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5374\u89c1\u5230\u4ed6\u5148\u540e\u51fa\u4efb\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7ba1\u7406\u4f1a\u53ca\u7279\u9009\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u76f4\u81f31780\u5e74\u56e0\u4e3a\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u81ea\u6b64\u518d\u6ca1\u6709\u4ed6\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bd1\u5458\uff0c\u957f\u8fbe20\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u81ea\u4ece\u201c\u6d2a\u4efb\u8f89\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u540e\uff0c\u6e05\u5ef7\u52a0\u5f3a\u5916\u8d38\u76d1\u7ba1\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u9650\u5b9a\u5e7f\u5dde\u4e00\u53e3\u901a\u5546\u3002\u201c\u5e7f\u5dde\u4f53\u5236\u201d\u7684\u683c\u5c40\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u4ece\u5bf9\u5185\u63a7\u5236\u8f6c\u5411\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5916\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5176\u540e\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u9488\u5bf9\u6765\u534e\u5916\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u7684\u4e70\u5356\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ee5\u81f3\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u683c\u76d1\u7ba1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u8981\u6c42\u5e76\u613f\u610f\u8d44\u52a9\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6d3e\u9063\u4f7f\u56e2\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5728\u5404\u9879\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5916\u5546\u6700\u611f\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u4e0e\u5916\u5546\uff08\u5937\u5546\uff09\u76f4\u63a5\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u4ea4\u5f80\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u5546\u548c\u901a\u4e8b\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u76f4\u7ef4\u6301\u52301834\u5e74\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u534e\u8d38\u6613\u5784\u65ad\u6743\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u6d3e\u9063\u7684\u9996\u4efb\u5546\u52a1\u76d1\u7763\u5f8b\u52b3\u5351\uff08William John Napier, 1786\u20141834\uff09\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u5e7f\u4e1c\u5b98\u5458\u63a5\u89e6\u3002\u65f6\u4efb\u4e24\u5e7f\u603b\u7763\u5362\u5764\uff081772\u20141835\uff09\u4ee5\u201c\u8d38\u6613\u7ec6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5411\u7531\u5546\u4eba\u81ea\u884c\u7ecf\u7406\uff0c\u5b98\u4e0d\u4e0e\u95fb\u5176\u4e8b\u3002\u8be5\u5937\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u66f4\u5b9a\u7ae0\u7a0b\u7b49\u4e8b\uff0c\u5747\u5e94\u8be5\u5546\u7b49\u4f1a\u540c\u67e5\u8bae\u3002\u2026\u2026\u5929\u671d\u5927\u81e3\uff0c\u4f8b\u4e0d\u51c6\u4e0e\u5916\u5937\u79c1\u901a\u4e66\u4fe1\u201d\u4e3a\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u201c\u51e1\u5937\u4eba\u5177\u7980\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e94\u4e00\u6982\u7531\u6d0b\u5546\u4ee3\u4e3a\u636e\u60c5\u8f6c\u7980\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u81ea\u5177\u7980\u8bcd\u201d\uff0c\u8ba9\u5f8b\u52b3\u5351\u5927\u4e3a\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u6781\u529b\u6297\u4e89\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u7206\u53d1\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5f8b\u52b3\u5351\u88ab\u8feb\u79bb\u5f00\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u5373\u5728\u6fb3\u95e8\u75c5\u901d\uff0c\u53f2\u79f0\u201c\u5f8b\u52b3\u5351\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5f8b\u52b3\u5351\u4e4b\u8d25\u201d\uff08Napier Fizzle\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u8d1f\u8d23\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5f80\u6765\u4e66\u4fe1\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u201c\u7ca4\u4e1c\u6587\u4e66\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4ff1\u7528\u901a\u4e8b\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e48\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4e2d\u5916\u4ea4\u5f80\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d0b\u5546\u6216\u901a\u4e8b\u662f\u5426\u5177\u5907\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5916\u8bed\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u80dc\u4efb\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1f\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4eba\u5458\u65e0\u6cd5\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u5148\u770b\u5916\u8bed\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u6cbb\u5143\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\u5341\u4e94\u65e5\uff081862\u5e746\u670811\u65e5\uff09\u4eac\u5e08\u540c\u6587\u9986\u6210\u7acb\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u57f9\u8bad\u897f\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5e7f\u5dde\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u901a\u4e8b\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u5916\u8bed\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u201c\u65e0\u5e08\u81ea\u901a\u201d\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4f1a\u613f\u610f\u8ba4\u771f\u5b66\u4e60\u82f1\u8bed\u30021807\u5e74\u6765\u534e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u65b0\u6559\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u4e14\u957f\u671f\u4e3a\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u9a6c\u793c\u900a\uff08Robert Morrison, 1782\u20141834\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u521a\u5230\u6765\u65f6\u66fe\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u8bed\u8a00\u4ea4\u6362\u6559\u5b66\uff0c\u4e5f\u66fe\u6709\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e24\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\u8ddf\u4ed6\u5b66\u4e60\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e45\u90fd\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6fb3\u95e8\u548c\u5e7f\u5dde\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u901a\u4e8b\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u8bed\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u4f4f\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u61c2\u4e2d\u6587\u4e14\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0e\u901a\u4e8b\u4e00\u8d77\u5904\u7406\u5546\u52a1\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4ea8\u7279\uff08William Hunter, 1812\u20141891\uff09\uff0c\u4fbf\u66fe\u975e\u5e38\u5e7d\u9ed8\u53c8\u8bbd\u523a\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u901a\u4e8b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u901a\u4e8b\u201c\u9664\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5916\uff0c\u522b\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u61c2\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u6cd5\u7b97\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e7f\u5dde\u901a\u4e8b\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u638c\u63e1\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5916\u8bed\u201d\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5e7f\u5dde\u82f1\u8bed\u201d\uff08Cantonese English\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u82f1\u8bed\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u53d1\u660e\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u626d\u66f2\u53d8\u5f62\u7684\u5e7f\u5dde\u8bdd\u4e0e\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd8\u63ba\u5165\u4e86\u8461\u8bed\u3001\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u3001\u9a6c\u62c9\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u53e5\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u8054\u7cfb\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u201c\u82f1\u8bed\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u6240\u80fd\u542c\u61c2\u7684\u4ee4\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u901a\u4e8b\u80fd\u4ee5\u201c\u5e7f\u5dde\u82f1\u8bed\u201d\u5728\u53e3\u5934\u4e0a\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u4f5c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u4e66\u5199\u82f1\u6587\uff1b\u201c\u4f46\u77e5\u5937\u8bed\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5937\u5b57\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u901a\u4e8b\u5f88\u666e\u904d\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6cd5\u80dc\u4efb\u6587\u4e66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6743\u529b\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u672c\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e7f\u5dde\u901a\u4e8b\u662f\u671d\u5ef7\u5b98\u65b9\u6240\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u96cd\u6b63\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081731\u5e74\uff09\u5df2\u89c4\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u901a\u4e8b\u5fc5\u987b\u6ce8\u518c\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u8ba4\u4ed6\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u80fd\u529b\u6216\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u89c4\u5b9a\u901a\u4e8b\u7684\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u65b9\u4fbf\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u671d\u5ef7\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u901a\u4e8b\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u4e0d\u5728\u901a\u4e8b\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u6765\u534e\u7684\u6d0b\u5937\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u901a\u4e8b\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u4e0d\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u300a\u91cd\u4fee\u9999\u5c71\u53bf\u5fd7\u300b\u5bf9\u901a\u4e8b\u7684\u804c\u52a1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a
\n\u5176\u5f79\u4e8e\u5b98\uff0c\u4f20\u8a00\u8bed\uff0c\u8bd1\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u4e08\u91cf\u8239\u53ea\uff0c\u8d27\u4e4b\u51fa\u5165\u53e3\uff0c\u70b9\u4ef6\u6570\uff0c\u79e4\u8f7b\u91cd\uff0c\u8f93\u7a0e\u4e0a\u9977\u8005\u66f0\u901a\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
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