{"id":67400,"date":"2026-03-30T17:50:18","date_gmt":"2026-03-30T09:50:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=67400"},"modified":"2026-03-30T17:50:18","modified_gmt":"2026-03-30T09:50:18","slug":"%e8%bf%91%e4%bb%a3%e5%9b%bd%e4%ba%ba%e5%af%b9%e8%8b%8f%e4%bf%84%e7%9a%84%e8%ae%a4%e7%9f%a5%e5%8f%8a%e5%85%b6%e5%8f%98%e5%8c%96-%e5%9f%ba%e4%ba%8e%e6%b0%91%e5%9b%bd%e6%97%b6%e6%9c%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=67400","title":{"rendered":"\u8fd1\u4ee3\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u53ca\u5176\u53d8\u5316\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u4e8e\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u5206\u6790(\u4e00)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6765\u6e90: \u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u00a0 \u00a0 \u4f5c\u8005: \u6768\u5929\u5b8f\u00a0 \u4ed8\u5929\u661f<\/p>\n

\u6458\u8981<\/p>\n

\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u53ec\u5f00\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u66fe\u7ecf\u5386\u5de8\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5c71\u4e1c\u95ee\u9898\u4ea4\u6d89\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u82cf\u4fc4\u201c\u5e73\u7b49\u5f85\u6211\u201d\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u53cd\u5e1d\u201d\u201c\u53cd\u519b\u9600\u201d\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u521d\u671f\u6210\u957f\u53ca\u56fd\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8d77\u5230\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u652f\u6491\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u7528\u503c\u5f97\u5145\u5206\u80af\u5b9a\u3002\u4f46\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\u4e0e\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u201c\u6cd5\u6e90\u201d\u758f\u79bb\uff0c\u4f7f\u65f6\u4eba\u601d\u8003\u8fd9\u4e00\u5916\u4ea4\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u5229\u5f0a\u5f97\u5931\u3002\u7a0d\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u53d1\u751f\u201c\u4ec7\u53cb\u8d64\u767d\u201d\u8bba\u4e89\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u90e8\u5206\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5df2\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e2d\u82cf\u5efa\u4ea4\u540e\u82cf\u4fc4\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u5c65\u884c\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u4e1c\u94c1\u8def\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u4e2d\u82cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u201c\u4ec7\u4fc4\u201d\u60c5\u7eea\u6025\u5267\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u52a0\u5165\u5305\u62ec\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u53cd\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u540c\u76df\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u82cf\u8054\u8bf8\u591a\u5207\u5b9e\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u624d\u5468\u800c\u590d\u59cb\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u56de\u5230\u201c\u53cb\u4fc4\u201d\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u82cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u540e\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u5185\u4e2d\u5916\u4e4b\u95f4\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53cc\u8fb9\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u82cf\u4fc4\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u6db5\u76d6\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5386\u4e45\u4e0d\u8870\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u82cf\u4fc4\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5df2\u6210\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u660e\u663e\u611f\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u4fc4\u53ca\u4e2d\u82cf\u5173\u7cfb\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd1\u4ee3\u524d\u671f\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u5a01\u80c1\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u5317\u6781\u718a\u201d\u5f62\u8c61\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6797\u5219\u5f90\u4e8e\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u914d\u65b0\u7586\uff0c\u5bf9\u897f\u5317\u5730\u7406\u53ca\u8fb9\u7586\u653f\u6cbb\u8fdb\u884c\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u6df1\u611f\u897f\u5317\u8fb9\u9632\u987b\u672a\u96e8\u7ef8\u7f2a\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u867d\u9762\u4e34\u897f\u65b9\u5217\u5f3a\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u7ec8\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e4e\u201d\uff01[1]\u6797\u6c0f\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4e3a\u665a\u6e05\u4f17\u591a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7ee7\u627f\u3002[2]\u7532\u5348\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u683c\u5c40\u53d1\u751f\u5de8\u53d8\u3002\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u4e3a\u62b5\u5236\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u73a9\u5f04\u201c\u4ee5\u5937\u5236\u5937\u201d\u5916\u4ea4\uff0c\u4e00\u53cd\u6797\u5219\u5f90\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u201c\u9632\u4fc4\u201d\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u63a8\u8fdb\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u5236\u65e5\u201d\uff0c\u4e0e\u4fc4\u7b7e\u8ba2\u201c\u5bc6\u7ea6\u201d\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u79d8\u5bc6\u7ed3\u76df\u3002\u4f46\u6b64\u65f6\u53cd\u6e05\u9769\u547d\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u52a8\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u515a\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u662f\u8054\u7edc\u6b27\u7f8e\u53ca\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6b64\u540e\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u58f0\u79f0\u201c\u81ea\u7f8e\u6d32\u5f52\u800c\u68a6\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u201d\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u6548\u6cd5\u4fc4\u56fd\u5b9e\u65bd\u201c\u5f00\u660e\u4e13\u5236\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u653f\u6cbb\u53ca\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0a\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u8def\u7ebf\u4ecd\u662f\u6e05\u5b63\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u5219\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e00\u9009\u62e9\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

1917\u5e74\u201c\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u201d\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u4e00\u6218\u201d\u5584\u540e\u7684\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u53ec\u5f00\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u5927\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u82cf\u5173\u7cfb\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u8981\u8f6c\u6298\u3002\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7f8e\u56fd\u201c\u80cc\u4fe1\u5f03\u4e49\u201d\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6392\u62d2\uff0c\u52a0\u4e4b\u56e0\u82cf\u4fc4\u627f\u8bfa\u5e9f\u9664\u5e1d\u4fc4\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u6761\u7ea6\u6240\u6362\u53d6\u7684\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u597d\u611f\uff0c\u4e3a\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4ee5\u82cf\u4fc4\u4e3a\u4f9d\u6258\u7684\u56fd\u5171\u5408\u4f5c\u7531\u6b64\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u56fd\u5171\u4e24\u515a\u7ade\u76f8\u8054\u7edc\u82cf\u4fc4\u3002\u968f\u7740\u56fd\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u9010\u6e10\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6240\u53ca\uff0c\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u53cd\u5e1d\u201d\u4e00\u5ea6\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e3b\u65cb\u5f8b\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u5219\u53d6\u4ee3\u66fe\u7ecf\u7684\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u4eba\u201d[3]\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f1f\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u540c\u671f\u5927\u91cf\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u6e05\u695a\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\u4e2d\u82cf\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\u53cb\u4fc4\u3001\u8054\u4fc4\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u5e76\u672a\u7ef4\u6301\u591a\u4e45\u3002\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\u4e0e\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u201c\u6cd5\u6e90\u201d\u7684\u758f\u79bb\u4f7f\u90e8\u5206\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5efa\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u5b81\u6c49\u5408\u6d41\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5185\u53cd\u5171\uff0c\u5bf9\u5916\u6392\u4fc4\uff0c\u4e2d\u82cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u53c8\u56e0\u4e2d\u4e1c\u8def\u5371\u673a\u4e00\u5ea6\u89e6\u53d1\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u65ad\u4ea4\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u9042\u8c03\u6574\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u7f8e\u3001\u82f1\u7b49\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u9760\u62e2\uff0c\u4e2d\u82cf\u4e24\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u5ea6\u6076\u5316\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u52a0\u5165\u5305\u62ec\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u53cd\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u9635\u8425\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u82cf\u8054\u4f17\u591a\u5207\u5b9e\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fc4\u6c11\u610f\u624d\u91cd\u65b0\u671d\u7740\u201c\u53cb\u4fc4\u201d\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u56de\u5f52\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u82cf\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e2d\u5916\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6781\u5177\u7814\u7a76\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u66fe\u5f15\u8d77\u5b66\u8005\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u6240\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u582a\u79f0\u5177\u4f53\u6df1\u5165\u3002\u4f46\u65e2\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u4ea6\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u663e\u7f3a\u61be\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u91cd\u89c6\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e4b\u4e89\uff0c\u5374\u76f8\u5bf9\u5ffd\u7565\u4fc3\u6210\u56fd\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4e2d\u82cf\u65e9\u671f\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u4e0a\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5468\u800c\u590d\u59cb\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u5728\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u89c2\u5ff5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f4e\u4f30\u3002[4]\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65e2\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u6ce8\u91cd\u4f9d\u9760\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u53f2\u6599\u201d\u505a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u5374\u6b8a\u5c11\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5728\u4e2d\u82cf\u5173\u7cfb\u53d8\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u53d8\u5316\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u65e2\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u867d\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u91cd\u5efa\u5c42\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u8f83\u591a\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u5c42\u9762\u5374\u660e\u663e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bbd\u5ea6\u548c\u529b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u62df\u4ee5\u5317\u6d0b\u53ca\u5357\u4eac\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7edf\u6cbb\u521d\u671f\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u6bb5\u5404\u5730\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c[5]\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u65af\u65f6\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u53ca\u5176\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e3a\u540c\u671f\u4e2d\u82cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4eb2\u758f\u5408\u79bb\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u7840\u53ca\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u7531\u7f8e\u5f82\u4fc4\uff1a\u5317\u6d0b\u65f6\u671f\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0e\u56fd\u8ba4\u540c\u53d8\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u79ef\u8d2b\u79ef\u5f31\uff0c\u906d\u9047\u4e1c\u3001\u897f\u5217\u5f3a\u8fde\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\uff0c\u4eba\u4e3a\u5200\u4fce\uff0c\u6211\u4e3a\u9c7c\u8089\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u201c\u5b97\u85e9\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7ef4\u7cfb\u7684\u5468\u8fb9\u201c\u4e0e\u56fd\u201d\u9664\u5916\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5927\u591a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6000\u62b1\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u91ce\u5fc3\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u654c\u56fd\u201d\u3002\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u56fd\u4eba\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0e\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u751a\u5c11\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u5c48\u6307\u53ef\u6570\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002[6]<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b9e\u65bd\u201c\u8054\u7f8e\u201d\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0e\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6709\u5173\u3002\u65e9\u57281861\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u671d\u5ef7\u5f81\u8be2\u7586\u540f\u5bf9\u201c\u5937\u52a1\u201d\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u5728\u590d\u594f\u65f6\u7279\u522b\u8c08\u5230\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u201c\u9a6d\u5937\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u8d35\u8bc6\u5937\u60c5\u3002\u4ee5\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u8bf8\u5937\u8bba\u4e4b\uff0c\u82f1\u5409\u5229\u72e1\u9ee0\u6700\u751a\uff0c\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u6b21\u4e4b\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u52bf\u529b\u5927\u4e8e\u7c73\u3001\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c1d\u4e0e\u82f1\u5937\u4e89\u6597\uff0c\u4e3a\u82f1\u5937\u6240\u60ee\u3002\u7c73\u550e\u575a\u4eba\u6027\u8d28\u9187\u539a\uff0c\u5176\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7d20\u79f0\u606d\u987a\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6216\u4e14\u8f93\u8bda\u800c\u5fc4\u533f\u5c31\u4e8e\u6211\u201d\u3002[7]\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u665a\u6e05\u201c\u8054\u7f8e\u201d\u5916\u4ea4\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u201c\u5937\u60c5\u201d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u7a0d\u540e\u6e05\u5ef7\u9009\u6d3e\u5e7c\u7ae5\u51fa\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u516c\u6d3e\u51fa\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u201c\u8054\u7f8e\u201d\u5916\u4ea4\u8def\u7ebf\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u793a\u597d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56de\u9988\u79ef\u6781\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u9996\u5021\u5e9a\u6b3e\u529e\u5b66\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3e\u66fe\u535a\u5f97\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6781\u5927\u597d\u611f\u3002\u867d\u7136\u897f\u5965\u591a\u00b7\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u62c5\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u62d2\u7edd\u5e9f\u9664\u300a\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4f1a\u8ba2\u9650\u5236\u6765\u7f8e\u534e\u5de5\u6761\u6b3e\u300b\uff0c\u4e00\u5ea6\u5f15\u53d1\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u201c\u62b5\u5236\u7f8e\u8d27\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5f53\u9009\u603b\u7edf\u4e4b\u540e\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u89c2\u611f\u4e3a\u4e4b\u4e00\u53d8\u3002[8]\u5728\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u4e3b\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u627f\u8ba4\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53c2\u3001\u4f17\u4e24\u9662\u4e00\u81f4\u901a\u8fc7\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u611f\u8c22\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u7684\u627f\u8ba4\u3002[9]\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee3\u7406\u5916\u957f\u9646\u5f81\u7965\u751a\u81f3\u547c\u5401\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u66f4\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u76df\u53cb\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002[10]\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e9f\u6b32\u5728\u653f\u5236\u4e0a\u6548\u6cd5\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u8f9b\u4ea5\u4e4b\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5236\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7b49\u4eba\u81ea\u5174\u4e2d\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u8d2f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u50cf\u7f8e\u56fd\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u201c\u5408\u4f17\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\u82ae\u6069\u65bd\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u521b\u9020\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4ee3\u8bae\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u699c\u6837\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u201d[11]\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u7acb\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u653f\u6743\u7684\u653f\u5236\u793a\u8303\uff0c\u751a\u662f\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u627f\u8ba4\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u4e4b\u65f6\u6b63\u503c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u62c5\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u3002\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8206\u8bba\u6380\u8d77\u4e00\u6ce2\u201c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u70ed\u201d\u3002\u300a\u4e1c\u65b9\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u5145\u5f53\u4e86\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u53ca\u5176\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5439\u9f13\u624b\u30021913\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u520a\u767b\u8f7d\u4e00\u7bc7\u300a\u6211\u4e3a\u4f55\u800c\u8d5e\u6210\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u4e4e\u300b\u7684\u8bd1\u6587\uff0c\u79f0\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u603b\u7edf\u4e3a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f1f\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u8d5e\u5176\u201c\u5c0a\u5d07\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5e38\u72ec\u5c45\u6df1\u5fc3\uff0c\u62b1\u4e50\u89c2\u4e4b\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4efb\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\u5dde\u957f\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u4ee4\u95fb\u6240\u64ad\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u503e\u5fc3\u201d\u3002[12]\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u4e1c\u65b9\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u8fde\u8f7d\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u7684\u300a\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u6781\u529b\u6e32\u67d3\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u8005\u672c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u6545\u5404\u9879\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u7686\u6709\u6743\u4ee5\u65ad\u5b9a\u4e4b\u201d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5176\u8981\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u8fd8\u653f\u4e8e\u6c11\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u6c11\u53c2\u9884\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u3002[13]\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u6d41\u4ea1\u65e5\u672c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u66fe\u8d2d\u4e70\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u8fd9\u4e00\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u8ba4\u771f\u7814\u7a76\u3002[14]1915\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u6c11\u6743\u7d20\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u8f76\u4e8b\u65f6\u6168\u53f9\uff1a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u603b\u7edf\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\uff0c\u8fd1\u4e16\u5217\u5f3a\u5143\u9996\u4e2d\u4e4b\u5353\u8457\u8005\uff0c\u56fa\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u5171\u77e5\uff0c\u65e0\u5f85\u8d58\u8a00\u3002\u201d[15]\u6c11\u521d\u4e2d\u56fd\u8206\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\uff0c\u5df2\u4fe8\u7136\u4e00\u4f4d\u201c\u516c\u6b63\u65e0\u79c1\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u201d\u3002\u4ee3\u7406\u56fd\u52a1\u603b\u7406\u94b1\u80fd\u8bad1918\u5e7411\u67082\u65e5\u5728\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u6f14\u8bf4\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8981\u201c\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fd\u5a01\u5927\u603b\u7edf\u6240\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u4ee5\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5171\u540c\u4e4b\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5f20\u201d\u3002[16]11\u670830\u65e5\u665a\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5b66\u751f\u4e3e\u884c\u63d0\u706f\u6e38\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u8dd1\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u524d\u9ad8\u547c\u201c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u603b\u7edf\u4e07\u5c81\u201d\u3002[17]\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4ef0\u6155\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u4e00\u6591\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u4e4b\u540e\u9aa4\u7136\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u82cf\u4fc4\u53d6\u4ee3\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u4eba\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e2d\u5e94\u5f53\u9996\u5148\u8054\u7edc\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u4f9d\u6258\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u521d\u671f\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u59cb\u4e8e1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6240\u529e\u300a\u987a\u5929\u65f6\u62a5\u300b1922\u5e748\u6708\u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u201c\u7406\u60f3\u653f\u5e9c\u5404\u5458\u9009\u4e3e\u201d\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u3002[18]\u8be5\u62a5\u4e3e\u884c\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u540e\uff0c\u300a\u5bc6\u52d2\u8bc4\u8bba\u62a5\u300b\u300a\u4eac\u62a5\u526f\u520a\u300b\u300a\u5357\u6d0b\u5468\u520a\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u9ad8\u5e08\u3001\u4e1c\u5357\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u6e56\u5357\u5999\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5b66\u3001\u6e56\u5357\u957f\u6c99\u6e58\u6c5f\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u6b66\u660c\u9ad8\u5e08\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u65c5\u4eac\u6e56\u5357\u540c\u4e61\u4f1a\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u9646\u7eed\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u3002[19]\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u4e8e\u5efa\u682125\u5468\u5e74\u4e4b\u9645\u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4f17\uff0c\u8bbe\u95ee\u8303\u56f4\u5e7f\uff0c\u6709\u8bf8\u591a\u5177\u4f53\u63d0\u95ee\u6d89\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u4e0e\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5317\u5927\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u62ec\uff1a1.\u4f60\u5bf9\u66f9\u951f\u505a\u603b\u7edf\u6709\u4f55\u611f\u60f3\uff1f2.\u4f60\u76f8\u4fe1\u5f53\u4eca\u56fd\u4f1a\u5417\uff1f\u987b\u600e\u6837\u529e\uff1f3.\u4f60\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b64\u6b21\u653f\u5e9c\u9881\u5e03\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e94\u53d6\u4ec0\u4e48\u6001\u5ea6\uff1f4.\u4e0b\u5217\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f60\u4ee5\u4e3a\u90a3\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6551\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1a\u519b\u9600\u5bb0\u5236\uff0c\u5916\u56fd\u5171\u7ba1\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u9769\u547d\uff1f5.\u4fc4\u56fd\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f60\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8c01\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u53cb\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f6.\u4f60\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\uff08\u5f53\u4eca\uff09\u56fd\u5185\u6216\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u90a3\u51e0\u4f4d\uff1f7.\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65e5\u520a\u3001\u5468\u520a\uff0c\u4f60\u6700\u7231\u770b\u90a3\u79cd\uff1f8.\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d41\u884c\u5173\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4f60\u76f8\u4fe1\u90a3\u4e00\u79cd\uff1f9.\u4f60\u5bf9\u4e8e\u76ee\u524d\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u6709\u4f55\u610f\u89c1\uff1f10.\u4f60\u6700\u7231\u505a\u4f55\u79cd\u6d88\u9063\uff1f[20]<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a10\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c5\u30016\u30018\u4e09\u9898\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u5179\u5c06\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6295\u7968\u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\u5c55\u793a\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7531\u88681\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u4fc4\u56fd\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u53cb\u201d\u8005\u5171\u5f97497\u7968\uff0c\u5360\u8be5\u95ee\u5168\u90e8\u6709\u6548\u7968\u6570842\u7968\u768459.0%\uff1b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u53cb\u201d\u8005\u4e3a107\u7968\uff0c\u5360\u8be5\u95ee\u603b\u7968\u6570\u768412.7%\uff1b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u4fc4\u7f8e\u5747\u975e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u53cb\u201d\u8005\u5171226\u7968\uff0c\u5360\u603b\u7968\u6570\u768426.8%\uff1b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u8be5\u4e8c\u56fd\u5747\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u53cb\u201d\u800512\u7968\uff0c\u5360\u603b\u7968\u6570\u76841.4%\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u4fc4\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u5f97\u7968\u6570\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u5df2\u8fdc\u8d85\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e2d\u56fd\u5404\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8ba4\u540c\u3002[21]<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u5317\u5927\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u7b2c5\u95ee\u76f4\u63a5\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7b2c6\u95ee\u5219\u4ece\u4f1f\u4eba\u8ba4\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u900f\u9732\u51fa\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff08\u89c1\u88682\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u88682\u6240\u5217\u5f974\u7968\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff08\u542b4\u7968\uff09\u8005\u51e120\u4eba\u3002\u53e6\u6709\u5f97\u7968\u4e0d\u53ca4\u7968\u800521\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u65af\u3001\u7231\u7f57\u5148\u67ef\u3001\u5927\u6749\u8363\u3001\u725b\u987f\u3001\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u3001\u91ca\u8fe6\u54043\u7968\uff1b\u5e03\u62c9\u96c5\u60f9\u514b\u3001\u5e03\u5229\u514b\u65af\u57fa\u3001\u591a\u58eb\u591a\u5a03\u65af\u57fa\u3001\u7eb3\u5c14\u900a\u3001\u798f\u7984\u7279\u8033\u3001\u5c8c\u8bfa\u7ef4\u8036\u592b\u3001\u5362\u68ee\u5821\u3001\u91cc\u5e03\u514b\u5185\u4e9a\u3001\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u3001\u5c3c\u91c7\u5404\u5f972\u7968\uff1b\u57fa\u739b\u8033\u3001\u845b\u5229\u666e\u3001\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u3001\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u8def\u5fb7\u3001\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5404\u5f971\u7968\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5408\u8ba1\u5165\u56f4\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u4eba\u7269\u201d\u8005\u517141\u4eba\uff0c\u6295\u51fa\u6709\u6548\u7968521\u5f20\u3002\u4ece\u7968\u6570\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u56fd\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u4eba\u7269\u201d\u6570\u91cf\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u7968\u6570\u5206\u6563\uff0c\u60df\u5217\u5b81\u72ec\u5f97227\u7968\uff0c\u5360\u5168\u6570\u4e4b43.6%\uff0c\u9065\u9065\u9886\u5148\u5176\u4ed6\u5165\u9009\u8005\u3002\u56fd\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u66fe\u7ecf\u7684\u5076\u50cf\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u9000\u5c45\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f9751\u7968\uff0c\u4ec5\u53ca\u5217\u5b81\u7968\u6570\u768422.4%\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u56fd\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5df2\u660e\u663e\u88ab\u5217\u5b81\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002[22]\u4ee5\u56fd\u522b\u8bba\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u5165\u90099\u4eba\uff0c\u5171263\u7968\uff0c\u5360\u603b\u7968\u6570\u768450.5%\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5165\u90099\u4eba\uff0c\u5f97142\u7968\uff0c\u4ec5\u53ca\u82cf\u4fc4\u768453.9%\uff0c\u5408\u8ba1\u7f8e\u3001\u5fb7\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u82f1\u53ca\u5370\u5ea6\u6570\u56fd\u6240\u5f97\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u5c1a\u4e0d\u53ca\u4fc4\u56fd\u4e00\u56fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e3b\u6301\u8fd9\u6b21\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u7684\u6731\u609f\u7985\u4e5f\u611f\u6168\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7136\u5219\u4e16\u754c\u5934\u7b49\u5927\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u7b97\u51fa\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd\u77e3\u3002\u201d[23]<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u56fd\u4eba\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u53cb\u597d\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u5224\u65ad\u5f62\u6210\u652f\u6491\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5317\u5927\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u7b2c8\u95ee\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d41\u884c\u5173\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4f60\u76f8\u4fe1\u90a3\u4e00\u79cd\uff1f\u201d\u7ed3\u679c\u4fe1\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6700\u591a\uff0c\u5171291\u7968\uff0c\u5360\u8be5\u95ee\u6709\u6548\u7968\u6570622\u7968\u768446.8%\uff0c\u4fe1\u4e09\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6b21\u4e4b\uff0c\u5171153\u7968\uff0c\u5360\u8be5\u95ee\u6709\u6548\u7968\u6570\u768424.6%\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e09\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u6db5\u4ea4\u53c9\uff08\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u66fe\u591a\u6b21\u8bf4\u4e09\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u751f\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c31\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4fe1\u4ef0\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u5e94\u8d85\u8fc7\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u793a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u9c7c\u9f99\u6df7\u6742\uff0c\u4f46\u5404\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8702\u62e5\u800c\u81f3\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u58ee\u5927\u4e86\u82cf\u4fc4\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u58f0\u5a01\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d62\u5f97\u4f17\u591a\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e0\u72ec\u6709\u5076\uff0c\u300a\u5bc6\u52d2\u6c0f\u8bc4\u8bba\u62a5\u300b\u7a0d\u65e9\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u4eca\u5341\u4e8c\u4f4d\u5927\u4eba\u7269\u201d\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u89d2\u5ea6\u5370\u8bc1\u5317\u5927\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u6570\u636e\uff08\u89c1\u88683\uff09\u3002[24]<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5f53\u9009\u768412\u4f4d\u201c\u5927\u4eba\u7269\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u9886\u8896\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u72ec\u83b71315\u7968\uff0c\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\u3002\u4f4d\u5217\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7684\u51af\u7389\u7965\u601d\u60f3\u6fc0\u8fdb\uff0c\u4e0e\u82cf\u4fc4\u6697\u901a\u6b3e\u66f2\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u519b\u653f\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u7968\u751a\u591a\u3002\u6392\u540d\u7b2c4\u7684\u738b\u5ba0\u60e0\u3001\u7b2c6\u7684\u8521\u5143\u57f9\u53ca\u7b2c7\u7684\u738b\u6b63\u5ef7\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\u5916\u4ea4\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\u8005\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u80e1\u9002\uff0c\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u4e5f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5584\u610f\u3002\u300a\u5bc6\u52d2\u6c0f\u8bc4\u8bba\u62a5\u300b\u6b64\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u9664\u524d12\u540d\u53ca\u6b2112\u540d\u5f53\u9009\u8005\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u88ab\u9009\u4e3e\u4eba\u505a\u4e86\u5206\u7c7b\u7edf\u8ba1\u548c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u7c7b\u670940\u4eba\u5f97\u7968\u57284\u7968\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u670912\u4eba\u5165\u9009\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u3001\u5f90\u8c26\u3001\u80e1\u6c49\u6c11\u3001\u9a6c\u541b\u6b66\u3001\u5b59\u79d1\u3001\u4e8e\u53f3\u4efb\u3001\u5c45\u6b63\u3001\u8bb8\u4e16\u82f1\u3001\u5ed6\u4ef2\u607a\u3001\u5f20\u7ee7\u3001\u6234\u5b63\u9676\u3001\u9a6c\u7d20\u7b49\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u4eb2\u4fc4\u3002\u5728\u6b6440\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\u7684\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u548c\u5f90\u8c26\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u3002\u5728\u6587\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u7c7b\u5165\u56f4\u768448\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d70\u4e0a\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\u8def\u7ebf\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u82cf\u4fc4\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u9886\u8896\u9648\u72ec\u79c0\u72ec\u5f97148\u7968\uff0c\u6392\u5217\u9996\u4f4d\u3002[25]<\/p>\n

\u300a\u5bc6\u52d2\u6c0f\u8bc4\u8bba\u62a5\u300b\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u534e\u529e\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u62a5\u520a\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u4eb2\u7f8e\u503e\u5411\u3002\u5176\u9009\u4e3e\u7ed3\u679c\u51fa\u6765\u540e\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u5404\u65b9\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u300a\u6c11\u56fd\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u4ee5\u300a\u5bc6\u52d2\u6c0f\u62a5\u5341\u4e8c\u540d\u4eba\u9009\u4e3e\u63ed\u6653\u300b\u4e3a\u9898\uff0c\u62a5\u9053\u8be5\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u79f0\u8fd9\u6b21\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u201c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u4e4b\u88d2\u7136\u5c45\u9996\uff0c\u72ec\u83b7\u6700\u5927\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u5c24\u8db3\u5f81\u4e3a\u6c11\u610f\u6240\u5f52\uff0c\u975e\u5076\u7136\u4e5f\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u300a\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5148\u751f\u5c45\u9996\uff0c\u5f971315\u7968\u300b\u4e3a\u526f\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u62a5\u9053\u6e32\u67d3\u3002[26]\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5df2\u516c\u5f00\u8d70\u4e0a\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6240\u529e\u62a5\u520a\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u4e2d\u593a\u51a0\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u591a\u652f\u6301\u7968\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u56fd\u4eba\u5df2\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8ba4\u540c\u4e86\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u5916\u4ea4\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u300a\u5bc6\u52d2\u6c0f\u8bc4\u8bba\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u7cfb\u5916\u56fd\u62a5\u520a\u4e3e\u529e\uff0c\u4e14\u63d0\u95ee\u672a\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u6d89\u82cf\u4fc4\uff0c\u5317\u5927\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u867d\u6d89\u53ca\u82cf\u4fc4\uff0c\u5374\u7cfb\u5b66\u672f\u6700\u9ad8\u6bbf\u5802\u4e2d\u4eba\u7684\u95ee\u7b54\uff0c\u672a\u5fc5\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u5176\u4ed6\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u610f\u5411\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u59a8\u770b\u770b\u957f\u6c99\u6e58\u6c5f\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8be5\u6821\u4e8e1924\u5e74\u5468\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u65e5\u4e3e\u884c\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\uff0c\u5171\u51fa4\u4e2a\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c4\u9898\u7684\u9898\u610f\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u5f00\u5c55\u3002\u6d4b\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u5171\u6536\u56de\u6709\u6548\u7968130\u5f20\uff0c\u5305\u542b4\u79cd\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u7968\u6570\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u7532\u3001\u8d5e\u6210\u201c\u8fdc\u4ea4\u8fd1\u653b\u201d\u800538\u7968\uff1b\u4e59\u3001\u8d5e\u6210\u201c\u8054\u7f8e\u5236\u65e5\u201d\u800516\u7968\uff1b\u4e19\u3001\u8d5e\u6210\u201c\u8054\u82f1\u7f8e\u65e5\u6cd5\u62b5\u6297\u4fc4\u56fd\u201d\u80057\u7968\uff1b\u4e01\u3001\u8d5e\u6210\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u53ca\u5370\u5ea6\u671d\u9c9c\u7b49\u62b5\u6297\u82f1\u7f8e\u65e5\u6cd5\u201d\u800565\u7968\uff1b\u5176\u4ed64\u7968\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u4e24\u95ee\u7b54\u6848\u4e0e\u82cf\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u6d89\u53ca\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\u4e19\u3001\u4e01\u4e24\u9879\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u8d5e\u6210\u8054\u5408\u82f1\u3001\u7f8e\u7b49\u56fd\u62b5\u6297\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u53ea\u67097\u7968\uff0c\u5360\u5168\u90e8\u7968\u6570\u76845.38%\uff0c\u800c\u8d5e\u6210\u8054\u5408\u82cf\u4fc4\u7b49\u56fd\u4ee5\u62b5\u5236\u82f1\u3001\u7f8e\u7b49\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u5217\u5f3a\u8005\u670965\u7968\uff0c\u536050%\u3002\u53c2\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u8bf8\u5982\u201c\u8d5e\u6210\u6253\u5012\u519b\u9600\u53ca\u5217\u5f3a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u8d5e\u6210\u5e9f\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u6539\u4e3a\u59d4\u5458\u5236\u4ee5\u514d\u7eb7\u4e89\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u8d5e\u6210\u6253\u5012\u519b\u9600\u4e4b\u540e\u53f0\u8001\u677f\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u201d\u4e00\u7c7b\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u8be5\u6821\u5e08\u751f\u8054\u7edc\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u5f55\u201c\u662f\u6b64\u6b21\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u7b54\u6848\u4e4b\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4e5f\u53ef\u77e5\u9053\u6e58\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u4e86\u201d\u3002[27]\u867d\u4ee5\u4e00\u6821\u4e4b\u6d4b\u9a8c\u63a8\u77e5\u6e58\u4eba\u5fc3\u7406\uff0c\u672a\u5fc5\u6070\u5f53\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u7565\u89c1\u4e00\u822c\u201d\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u4eb2\u4fc4\u653f\u6cbb\u503e\u5411\u968f\u7740\u5357\u65b9\u56fd\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u5411\u5317\u63a8\u8fdb\u800c\u6709\u6240\u53d1\u5c55\u30021926\u5e74\u300a\u4eac\u62a5\u526f\u520a\u300b\u6240\u4f5c\u201c\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u67f1\u77f3\u5341\u4eba\u201d\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u524d10\u540d\u7684\u5927\u534a\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u4eb2\u4fc4\u201d\u6216\u662f\u6709\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\u653f\u6cbb\u503e\u5411\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4eba\u3002\u5176\u7b2c1\u5230\u7b2c10\u7684\u6392\u540d\u4e3a\u8521\u5143\u57f9\u3001\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u3001\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u3001\u5434\u7a1a\u6656\u3001\u51af\u7389\u7965\u3001\u738b\u5ba0\u60e0\u3001\u9648\u72ec\u79c0\u3001\u674e\u70c8\u94a7\u3001\u4e8e\u53f3\u4efb\u3001\u5f90\u8c26\u3002\u5973\u754c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7968\u6570\u5165\u9009\u5206\u7c7b\u201c\u67f1\u77f3\u201d\u8005\u51713\u4eba\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u4f55\u9999\u51dd\u3001\u5b8b\u5e86\u9f84\u548c\u5218\u6e05\u626c\u3002[28]\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u6279\u8bc4\u8f83\u4e3a\u5c16\u9510\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u6b64\u6b21\u6295\u7968\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5f20\u7533\u5e9c\u5c31\u6295\u4e86\u7968\u3002\u4ed6\u9009\u7684\u201c\u67f1\u77f3\u201d\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5f90\u8c26\u3001\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u3001\u5434\u7a1a\u6656\u3001\u9c81\u8fc5\u3001\u8521\u5143\u57f9\u3002[29]\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5927\u591a\u4eb2\u4fc4\u6216\u4e00\u5ea6\u4e3b\u5f20\u8054\u4fc4\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6295\u7968\u4eba\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u5df2\u6709\u9010\u6e10\u8d8b\u540c\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5357\u4eac\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c<\/p>\n

\u5317\u6d0b\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u53d7\u5230\u5404\u65b9\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5728\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u4e0a\u98ce\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u673a\u5173\u62a5\u300a\u6c11\u56fd\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u5bf9\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u5c24\u4e3a\u8d77\u52b2\u3002\u300a\u5bc6\u52d2\u6c0f\u8bc4\u8bba\u62a5\u300b\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u51fa\u6765\u540e\uff0c\u300a\u6c11\u56fd\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u7acb\u5373\u5927\u8086\u6e32\u67d3\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4ece\u9009\u4e3e\u7ed3\u679c\u770b\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u201c12\u4e2a\u5927\u4eba\u7269\u201d\u201c\u6b2112\u540d\u201d\u53ca\u4f4d\u521725\u540d\u4ee5\u4e0b40\u4e2a\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u7c7b\u5927\u4eba\u7269\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5171\u670916\u4eba\uff0c\u5360\u4e09\u4e2a\u6863\u6b21\u201c\u5927\u4eba\u7269\u201d\u603b\u6570\u768425%\uff1b\u5171\u5f976372\u7968\uff0c\u536064\u4eba\u6240\u5f97\u603b\u7968\u657016166\u7968\u768439.4%\u3002\u62a5\u9053\u4e2d\u6b23\u559c\u4e4b\u60c5\uff0c\u6ea2\u4e8e\u8a00\u8868\u3002\u5bf9\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\uff0c\u300a\u6c11\u56fd\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u8bc4\u8bba\u8bf4\uff0c\u5317\u5927\u4e8e\u5efa\u682125\u5468\u5e74\u4e4b\u9645\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u4ef6\u4e8b\u6709\u4e3a\u8bfb\u8005\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5916\u4ea4\u65b9\u9762\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u662f\u201c\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u4e8e\u82cf\u4fc4\u6781\u8868\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u6d4b\u9a8c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u201c\u6700\u53ef\u89c2\u5904\uff0c\u662f\u519b\u754c\u7684\u540c\u80de\u3001\u8b66\u5de5\u754c\u540c\u80de\u3001\u5546\u754c\u7684\u540c\u80de\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u548c\u4fc4\u56fd\u76f8\u53cb\u201d\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u201c\u4f60\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5927\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u8c01\u201d\u4e00\u95ee\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u5f97\u7968\u5171227\u5f20\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u5360\u5168\u6570\u4e4b\u534a\uff1b\u201c\u4ee5\u56fd\u522b\u8bba\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u5171\u5165\u90099\u4eba\uff0c\u5168\u6570497\u5f20\u7968\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a263\u5f20\u5360\u53bb\uff0c\u8db3\u5f81\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u975e\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u597d\u611f\u201d\u3002[30]<\/p>\n

\u300a\u6c11\u56fd\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u867d\u5e26\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u4f20\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u4f46\u6307\u9648\u7684\u56fd\u4eba\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\u201c\u53cb\u4fc4\u201d\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u4e0e\u8c03\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u5168\u543b\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u82cf\u4fc4\u5d07\u62dc\uff1a\u5370\u8bc1\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u53d8\u5316\u4e8b\u5b9e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5317\u6d0b\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u4e5f\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u7684\u503e\u5411\u6027\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u6c11\u610f\u5f62\u6210\u8bf1\u5bfc\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8c03\u67e5\u8986\u76d6\u9762\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ed\u7a84\uff0c\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u501f\u7aa5\u5168\u4f53\u6c11\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5317\u5927\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u7684\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u6731\u609f\u7985\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6b64\u6b21\uff08\u8c03\u67e5\uff09\u6240\u53d1\u8bf8\u95ee\uff0c\u591a\u504f\u91cd\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e8e\u4ee5\u89c1\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u89c2\u5ff5\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u56fa\u975e\u4e13\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u800c\u53d1\u8005\uff0c\u6545\u8bf8\u95ee\u4e0d\u6562\u7a0d\u542b\u6697\u793a\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b58\u5176\u771f\u3002\u201d[31]\u7136\u800c\u8981\u907f\u514d\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\u7684\u503e\u5411\u6027\u5374\u5341\u5206\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4ee5\u5317\u5927\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6b64\u6b21\u8c03\u67e5\u662f\u7531\u5317\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u91d1\u5bb6\u51e4\u3001\u6731\u609f\u7985\u7b49\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5317\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u5df2\u5448\u73b0\u5916\u95f4\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u201c\u8d64\u5316\u201d\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u515a\u6d3e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u515a\u6d3e\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u63a5\u53d7\u82cf\u4fc4\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u5728\u82cf\u4fc4\u4e0e\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6307\u4ee4\u76f8\u5173\u515a\u6d3e\u4ece\u4e8b\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u7531\u5317\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6709\u5ba3\u4f20\u6027\u8d28\u3002[32]\u300a\u5bc6\u52d2\u6c0f\u8bc4\u8bba\u62a5\u300b\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u534e\u529e\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u520a\u7269\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u7fa4\u4e0e\u4e00\u822c\u62a5\u520a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9009\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u5927\u4eba\u7269\u201d\u504f\u91cd\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5c31\u66fe\u906d\u53d7\u5404\u79cd\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u300a\u4eac\u62a5\u526f\u520a\u300b\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u4e5f\u56e0\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53d6\u5411\u5f71\u54cd\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u6279\u8bc4\u3002[33]\u867d\u7136\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u505a\u4e86\u8fa9\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u800c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4ea6\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u3002[34]<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4fbf\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u7eaf\u4f9d\u636e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7d20\u91cd\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c03\u67e5\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u5370\u8bc1\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u505a\u6b64\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u5370\u8bc1\u6750\u6599\u53ef\u8c13\u4fef\u62fe\u5373\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u524d\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u201d\u4e3b\u5f20\u6bd4\u5217\u5b81\u7684\u201c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u66f4\u5177\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u65b0\u5174\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u56fd\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u53c2\u6218\u76f4\u63a5\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u534f\u7ea6\u56fd\u7684\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u63cf\u7ed8\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u65b0\u79e9\u5e8f\u66f4\u662f\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u4e16\u4eba\u65e0\u7a77\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u76ca\u6709\u591a\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u90fd\u65e0\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u5730\u62e5\u62a4\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5bf9\u5217\u5b81\u4e3b\u4e49\u5219\u4e0d\u5c51\u4e00\u987e\u3002[35]\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u6d77\u79d1\u8c22\u52d2\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u9762\u53bb\u5b8c\u5168\u5f7b\u5e95\u5730\u62d2\u7edd\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6597\u58eb\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u5bf9\u5217\u5b81\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6597\u58eb\u3002\u201d[36]\u4e2d\u56fd\u671f\u520a\u5168\u6587\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u663e\u793a\uff0c1911\u81f31919\u5e74\u300a\u7533\u62a5\u300b\u4e2d\u201c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u201d\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a1527\u6761\uff0c\u201c\u5217\u5b81\u201d\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u4ec53\u6761\uff0c[37]\u8bf4\u660e\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8fdc\u8d85\u5217\u5b81\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u53ec\u5f00\u540e\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u4e0e\u5217\u5b81\u7684\u89d2\u9010\u4e2d\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u53d7\u5230\u56fd\u4eba\u75af\u72c2\u8ffd\u6367\u7684\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u906d\u9047\u7a7a\u524d\u60e8\u8d25\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u754c\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u5916\u4ea4\u5931\u8d25\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5012\u5411\u4eb2\u82cf\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u82cf\u4fc4\u53d6\u4ee3\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u62c5\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5723\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u5317\u5927\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6b63\u5728\u5317\u5927\u8bfb\u4e66\u7684\u7f57\u5bb6\u4f26\u4ece\u4e16\u754c\u6f6e\u6d41\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bb4\u6b4c\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u79f0\u5176\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u65b0\u6f6e\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u5df2\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u9769\u547d\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u9769\u547d\u662f\u4fc4\u56fd\u5f0f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u62b5\u6321\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fdf\u65e9\u4f1a\u88ab\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u65b0\u6f6e\u5377\u53bb\u201d\u3002[38]\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u5317\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u5085\u65af\u5e74\u5bf9\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u5bc4\u4e88\u65e0\u9650\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u82cf\u4fc4\u5f0f\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u201d\u5fc5\u5c06\u53d6\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u660e\u8d8b\u5411\u3002\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\u7edd\u4e0d\u62b1\u60b2\u89c2\u3002\u6211\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e94\u5f53\u6709\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u65e0\u7a77\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u90fd\u9760\u4ed6\u505a\u5f15\u5b50\u3002\u201d[39]\u5317\u5927\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u9648\u7ff0\u7b19\u5219\u4ece\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u73b0\u72b6\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e2d\u56fd\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5229\u591a\u5bb3\u5c11\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u82f1\u3001\u65e5\u7b49\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u864e\u89c6\u7708\u7708\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5904\u5904\u88ab\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u6761\u7ea6\u675f\u7f1a\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u5904\u4e8e\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u82cf\u4fc4\u5728\u201c\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u5229\u76ca\u201d\u4e0a\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\u56fd\u80fd\u7275\u5236\u82f1\u3001\u7f8e\u5404\u56fd\uff0c\u6545\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u82cf\u4fc4\u6709\u7740\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u3002[40]\u5317\u5927\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u9986\u957f\u674e\u5927\u948a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u9769\u547d\u7acb\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u5e76\u5e26\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u524d\u7684\u9769\u547d\u660e\u663e\u6709\u9ad8\u4e0b\u4e4b\u5206\u3002[41]\u66fe\u7ecf\u7559\u5b66\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u6b64\u65f6\u5728\u5317\u5927\u4efb\u6559\u7684\u5f20\u7533\u5e9c\u4e5f\u611f\u89c9\u201c\u4e00\u6218\u201d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u65f6\u662f\u65e0\u671b\u7684\uff0c\u751f\u4e8e\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u4ecd\u5e0c\u671b\u4e1c\u65b9\u201d\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u662f\u4e2d\u4fc4\u4e4b\u8054\u5408\u201d\u3002[42]<\/p>\n

\u6e05\u534e\u6821\u56ed\u6587\u5316\u8fe5\u5f02\u4e8e\u5317\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u7cfb\u7f8e\u56fd\u9000\u8fd8\u5e9a\u6b3e\u6240\u529e\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4eb2\u7f8e\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6559\u5e08\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4eb2\u5584\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u6e05\u534e\u6267\u6559\u7684\u94b1\u7aef\u5347\u5c31\u6781\u529b\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u82cf\u4fc4\u662f\u82f1\u3001\u7f8e\u7b49\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u4ec7\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u72b6\u51b5\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u201c\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6253\u5012\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u603b\u662f\u591a\u5229\u5c11\u5f0a\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u6d88\u4ed6\u4e00\u65e5\u53cd\u5bf9\u82f1\u3001\u7f8e\u7b49\u51e0\u4e2a\u5934\u53f7\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4e00\u65e5\u540c\u4ed6\u597d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5403\u4e86\u4ed6\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5f97\u5fcd\u8010\u4e9b\u201d\u3002[43]\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u6e05\u534e\u6559\u5e08\u5f20\u6625\u5f6d\u5219\u654f\u9510\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u56e0\u5b9e\u65bd\u8054\u4fc4\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u5f97\u52bf\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u4ed6\u9884\u611f\u5230\u201c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5feb\u5230\u4e34\u5934\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7814\u7a76\u5b83\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u201c\u4e13\u770b\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u4e66\u201d\u3002[44]<\/p>\n

\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u751f\u5468\u520a\u300b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ece\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4e3b\u5f20\u8054\u7edc\u201c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u201d\u82cf\u4fc4\u4f5c\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u4eba\u7c7b\u90fd\u6709\u60f0\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u201d\u5e2e\u52a9\u514b\u670d\u4eba\u7c7b\u5929\u751f\u7684\u60f0\u6027\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u4eca\u65e5\u4eba\u4eec\u628a\u82cf\u4fc4\u5f0f\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u6837\u89c6\u4f5c\u6d2a\u6c34\u731b\u517d\uff0c\u201c\u5b89\u77e5\u8fd9\u4f55\u5c1d\u4e0d\u662f\u540e\u65e5\u7684\u5b89\u4e50\u7a9d\u5462\u201d\uff1f\u4f5c\u8005\u201c\u9ed8\u795d\u201d\u4e3b\u5f20\u82cf\u4fc4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u201c\u72ec\u6392\u4f17\u8bae\uff0c\u52c7\u5f80\u524d\u8fdb\u201d\u3002[45]<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u53ca\u8ba4\u77e5\u5e76\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u653f\u515a\u56e2\u4f53\u4e5f\u8bd5\u56fe\u9886\u98ce\u6c14\u4e4b\u5148\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u4eb2\u8fd1\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u59ff\u6001\u3002\u4ee5\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002\u8be5\u515a\u7684\u6c11\u751f\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e0e\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5177\u6709\u5185\u6db5\u4ea4\u53c9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4eba\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u503e\u5411\u82cf\u4fc4\u3002[46]\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u66fe\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u5904\u9006\u5883\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u82cf\u4fc4\u662f\u4ed6\u201c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u201d\u3002[47]\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u4e0e\u82cf\u4fc4\u4e4b\u95f4\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8054\u76df\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7531\u82cf\u4fc4\u63d0\u4f9b\u519b\u4e8b\u3001\u8d22\u653f\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u4f9b\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u535a\u58eb\u8fdb\u884c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u593a\u53d6\u653f\u6743\u201d\u3002[48]\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0e\u82cf\u4fc4\u5b58\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u624d\u6309\u7167\u82cf\u4fc4\u6a21\u5f0f\u6539\u9020\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u3002\u5217\u5b81\u901d\u4e16\u65f6\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5e7f\u5dde\u57ce\u54c0\u60bc\u4e09\u5929\uff0c[49]\u5e76\u53d1\u8868\u6f14\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5947\u529f\u4f1f\u7ee9\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u4e0a\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\uff0c\u79f0\u5217\u5b81\u4e3a\u201c\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u4e4b\u5723\u4eba\u201d\u3002[50]\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5728\u540c\u671f\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7a33\u5c45\u699c\u9996\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5217\u5b81\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8d5e\u8a89\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u8bf4\u6210\u662f\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u201c\u65b0\u53f3\u6d3e\u201d\u3001\u6b64\u65f6\u7acb\u573a\u8fd8\u6709\u4e9b\u504f\u201c\u5de6\u201d\u7684\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u6781\u529b\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ed3\u5408\u5e7f\u4e1c\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5206\u6790\u5176\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u7406\u5b9e\u884c\u4e2d\u4fc4\u8054\u5408\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u6210\u6548\u3002\u65f6\u4ee3\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u89c9\u609f\uff0c\u672c\u515a\u540c\u5fd7\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u548c\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u56fa\u7136\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9769\u547d\u515a\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u672c\u515a\u4e0d\u6539\u7ec4\uff0c\u82cf\u4fc4\u540c\u5fd7\u4e0d\u6765\u6307\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u9769\u547d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u56fd\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u519b\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u201d\u3002[51]\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u751a\u81f3\u8868\u793a\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5c06\u201c\u52aa\u529b\u8d2f\u5f7b\u4fc4\u56fd\u540c\u5fd7\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u201d\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u89e3\u653e\u4e86\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u5458\u201d\u3002[52]\u81f3\u4e8e\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u4eb2\u5584\u66f4\u4e0d\u5f85\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u548c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u3001\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u7b49\u4eba\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u8fdb\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u521a\u5395\u8eab\u201c\u9769\u547d\u961f\u4f0d\u201d\u7684\u674e\u5b97\u4ec1\u4e00\u5230\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u4fbf\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u201c\u5d07\u4fc4\u98ce\u6c14\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u5f53\u65f6\u201c\u4fc4\u56fd\u987e\u95ee\u4eec\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u771f\u88ab\u656c\u82e5\u795e\u660e\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u9c8d\u7f57\u5ef7\u7684\u516c\u9986\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4ee5\u4e00\u8fdb\u4e3a\u8363\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5e72\u90e8\u5982\u80fd\u548c\u9c8d\u67d0\u6709\u7247\u8bed\u4ea4\u8c08\u6216\u540c\u5e2d\u5171\u9910\uff0c\u90fd\u5f15\u4e3a\u6b8a\u8363\uff1b\u5927\u6709\u4e00\u8bc6\u8346\u5dde\u4fbf\u8db3\u9a84\u4eba\u4e4b\u6168\u201d\u3002[53]<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u53ca\u56fd\u3001\u5171\u4e24\u515a\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u9f13\u52a8\uff0c\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u4eb2\u5584\u60c5\u611f\u5f88\u5feb\u5f62\u6210\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5171\u632f\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u5317\u5404\u5730\u8fc5\u901f\u5f25\u6f2b\u5f00\u6765\u30021924\u5e74\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u548c\u5217\u5b81\u5148\u540e\u901d\u4e16\u3002\u80e1\u6108\u4e4b\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u674e\u5b81\u548c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u300b\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u4eba\u7269\u5728\u56fd\u4eba\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e2d\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u505a\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u5206\u6790\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u674e\u5b81\uff08\u5217\u5b81\uff09\u4e0e\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u540c\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5927\u7406\u60f3\u5bb6\uff0c\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u5927\u4f1f\u4eba\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u9668\u843d\uff0c\u5374\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u65e0\u7a77\u4eca\u6614\u4e4b\u611f\u3002\u5728\u4e94\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u631f\u4e86\u4ed6\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5341\u56db\u6761\uff0c\u5230\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u51fa\u5e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u662f\u4f55\u7b49\u7684\u98ce\u5149\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u60f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6709\u4e86\u201c\u6469\u897f\u518d\u4e16\u201d\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5e73\u548c\u5e78\u798f\u662f\u4e0d\u7528\u5fe7\u4e86\uff0c\u6b27\u6218\u7ec8\u4e86\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u90fd\u5f97\u4eab\u592a\u5e73\u7684\u798f\u4e86\u3002\u4fbf\u662f\u8fdc\u5728\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u628a\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5927\u6367\u800c\u7279\u6367\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u7684\u674e\u5b81\u5462\uff1f\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8bf4\u4ed6\u662f\u2018\u8fc7\u6fc0\u6d3e\u4e71\u515a\u2019\u7684\u5934\u9886\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u53ef\u662f\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u60c5\u5f62\u5374\u5df2\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u6b7b\u540e\u7684\u58f0\u540d\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53ca\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u714a\u8d6b\uff0c\u4e16\u95f4\u518d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u75af\u5b50\u628a\u4ed6\u5f53\u505a\u6469\u897f\u770b\u5f85\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5341\u56db\u6761\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u8fd8\u662f\u9a97\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u518d\u4e0a\u4ed6\u7684\u5f53\u4e86\u3002\u2026\u2026\u674e\u5b81\u5462\uff0c\u53ef\u5c31\u4e24\u6837\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u73b0\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u6551\u661f\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4ebf\u5146\u4eba\u6c11\u6240\u819c\u62dc\u7684\u5076\u50cf\u3002[54]<\/p>\n

\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u96c6\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u4fc3\u6210\u201c\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u627f\u8ba4\u82cf\u4fc4\u201d\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e2d\u3002\u7a0d\u6709\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u5e38\u8bc6\u8005\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u5229\u5bb3\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5916\u4ea4\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u82cf\u5efa\u4ea4\u8c08\u5224\u5374\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u3002[55]1923\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u52a0\u62c9\u7f55\u4ee5\u82cf\u4fc4\u5168\u6743\u4ee3\u8868\u8eab\u4efd\u6765\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4ea4\u6d89\u4e2d\u82cf\u5efa\u4ea4\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u53cb\u4fc4\u3001\u8054\u4fc4\u7684\u547c\u58f0\u518d\u5ea6\u9ad8\u6da8\u3002\u300a\u6668\u62a5\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u793e\u8bba\uff0c\u547c\u5401\u4e2d\u56fd\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u627f\u8ba4\u82cf\u4fc4\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e2d\u4fc4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u4e2d\u4e1c\u94c1\u8def\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u201c\u5c3d\u53ef\u4e8e\u627f\u8ba4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u957f\u78cb\u5546\uff0c\u4e07\u4e0d\u53ef\u6284\u88ad\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5916\u4ea4\u4e4b\u84dd\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u5356\u4e70\u201d\u3002[56]\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u848b\u68a6\u9e9f\u7b4947\u4eba\u81f4\u51fd\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u3001\u738b\u6b63\u5ef7\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u201c\u5373\u884c\u6062\u590d\u4e2d\u4fc4\u56fd\u4ea4\u201d\u3002\u57281924\u5e74\u4e2d\u4fc4\u4ea4\u6d89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u3001\u5317\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u5e72\u4e8b\u4f1a\u3001\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5b66\u8bf4\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u3001\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u540c\u76df\u3001\u5404\u56e2\u4f53\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u7b4920\u4f59\u56e2\u4f53\u8054\u5408\u7ed9\u5317\u4eac\u653f\u5e9c\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u65bd\u538b\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4fc3\u6210\u5317\u4eac\u653f\u5e9c\u627f\u8ba4\u82cf\u8054\u30023\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u5f00\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u4fc4\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c\u7ed9\u53cd\u5bf9\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u627f\u8ba4\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u53d1\u51fa\u8b66\u544a\u51fd\uff0c\u6307\u8d23\u4ed6\u53d7\u653f\u5ba2\u6307\u4f7f\uff0c\u4e3a\u6cd5\u3001\u7f8e\u62e8\u5f04\uff0c\u4e27\u5931\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u58f0\u79f0\u201c\u4e00\u606f\u5c1a\u5b58\u8a93\u5fc5\u529b\u4e89\uff0c\u8d75\u5bb6\u697c\u6545\u4e8b\u53ef\u4e3a\u6bb7\u9274\u201d\u3002[57]<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u519b\u9600\u4e5f\u7eb7\u7eb7\u63a5\u8fd1\u82cf\u4fc4\u5e76\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u627f\u8ba4\u201d\u82cf\u4fc4\u3002\u5434\u4f69\u5b5a\u5c31\u4e00\u5ea6\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6781\u5927\u70ed\u60c5\uff0c\u65e9\u57281920\u5e74\u82cf\u4fc4\u53d1\u5e03\u300a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u5317\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u5e1d\u4fc4\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u6761\u7ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u5434\u4f69\u5b5a\u5c31\u6d3e\u51fa3\u540d\u4f7f\u8005\u524d\u5f80\u82cf\u4fc4\uff0c\u4f1a\u89c1\u82cf\u4fc4\u5916\u4ea4\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u90e8\u4e1c\u65b9\u53f8\u7684\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af\u57fa\u00b7\u897f\u6bd4\u5229\u4e9a\u79d1\u592b\uff0c\u5546\u8c08\u4e24\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fdc\u4e1c\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u4f18\u6797\u4f7f\u56e2\u4e5f\u6d3e\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0e\u5434\u63a5\u89e6\u3002[58]\u5434\u4f69\u5b5a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u540c\u82cf\u4fc4\u7b7e\u8ba2\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4ed6\u53d6\u5f97\u6700\u540e\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002[59]\u76f4\u7696\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u767d\u575a\u6b66\u5728\u5317\u6d0b\u6cd5\u653f\u5b66\u5802\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u674e\u5927\u948a\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u82cf\u4fc4\u4ee3\u8868\u66fe\u591a\u6b21\u524d\u5f80\u6d1b\u9633\uff0c\u4e0e\u5434\u8fbe\u6210\u76f8\u4e92\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u82cf\u4fc4\u4ee3\u8868\u7b56\u5212\u7684\u4eac\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0e\u5434\u4f69\u5b5a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u76f4\u5949\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u5176\u8f96\u533a\u3001\u7279\u522b\u662f\u94c1\u8def\u5de5\u4eba\u4e2d\u5c55\u5f00\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002[60]\u51af\u7389\u7965\u7684\u4eb2\u4fc4\u7acb\u573a\u66f4\u662f\u4eba\u6240\u5171\u77e5\u3002[61]\u6309\u7167\u989c\u60e0\u5e86\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u51af\u7684\u201c\u540e\u53f0\u201d\u662f\u4fc4\u56fd\u3002[62]\u6545\u51af\u752b\u5230\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u4eac\u57ce\u5185\u5916\u4fbf\u6709\u201c\u8d64\u515a\u201d\u6563\u5e03\u4f20\u5355\uff0c\u82cf\u4fc4\u5f0f\u7684\u59d4\u5458\u5236\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e5f\u5728\u8fd9\u65f6\u4e3a\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u3002[63]\u751a\u81f3\u5949\u5f20\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u4e3b\u5f20\u4ece\u901f\u627f\u8ba4\u82cf\u4fc4\u3002[64]<\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c11\u610f\u673a\u5173\u5317\u4eac\u56fd\u4f1a\u7684\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u4e5f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u660e\u663e\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u6216\u987a\u4ece\u6c11\u610f\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e0e\u82cf\u4fc4\u63a5\u8fd1\u3001\u4ece\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0a\u627f\u8ba4\u82cf\u4fc4\u3002\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u8bae\u5458\u96f7\u6bb7\u3001\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u8bae\u5458\u80e1\u9102\u516c\u7b49\u66fe\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u51fa\u8bae\u6848\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u627f\u8ba4\u201d\u82cf\u4fc4\u3002\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u957f\u5434\u666f\u6fc2\u5bf9\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u70ed\u8877\uff0c\u5728\u4f1a\u89c1\u52a0\u62c9\u7f55\u65f6\u66fe\u8868\u793a\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\u4fc4\u4e24\u56fd\u201c\u643a\u624b\u6297\u51fb\u4fb5\u7565\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\u4e2d\u56fd\u867d\u4e0d\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5f53\u5c40\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u591a\u6570\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u3002[65]<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4eb2\u4fc4\u6216\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u56db\u4e0b\u5f25\u6f2b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5206\u5357\u5317\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u8fd1\u4e4e\u4e3e\u56fd\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u52a0\u62c9\u7f55\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5927\u8d85\u51fa\u5176\u610f\u6599\uff0c\u66fe\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u73af\u987e\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u613f\u4e0e\u4fc4\u56fd\u4e86\u89e3\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u72ec\u5317\u4eac\u4e00\u9685\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u6d3e\u7686\u5177\u6b64\u610f\u3002\u201d[66]\u8fd9\u4e00\u4eb2\u5584\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e2d\u82cf\u5efa\u4ea4\u8c08\u5224\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fbf\u5229\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u603b\u957f\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u5bf9\u6b64\u6df1\u611f\u5fe7\u8651\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u5821\u5792\u800c\u8457\u79f0\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u804c\u5458\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u4e3a\u52a0\u62c9\u7f55\u5148\u751f\u4e3e\u884c\u6b22\u8fce\u4f1a\u548c\u5bb4\u4f1a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5728\u5341\u5206\u6709\u5229\u7684\u6c14\u6c1b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8e1923\u5e74\u5e95\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u3002\u201d[67]<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u56fd\u4eba\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e2d\u201c\u7531\u7f8e\u5f82\u4fc4\u201d\u5373\u5217\u5b81\u53d6\u4ee3\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u653f\u6cbb\u5076\u50cf\u8fd9\u4e00\u8ba4\u540c\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002[68]<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u5404\u754c\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5341\u5206\u590d\u6742\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5317\u4eac\u56fd\u7acb\u516b\u9ad8\u6821\u5e08\u751f\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5e26\u6709\u4e89\u53d6\u5c06\u5e9a\u5b50\u8d54\u6b3e\u4fc4\u56fd\u672a\u4ea4\u4ed8\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5145\u6559\u80b2\u57fa\u91d1\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u6559\u80b2\u7ecf\u8d39\u62ee\u636e\u7684\u8003\u8651\u3002[69]\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u653f\u5236\u4e0e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u62b5\u6297\u5217\u5f3a\u4fb5\u7565\u3001\u634d\u536b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u9ad8\u6da8\uff0c\u201c\u53cd\u5e1d\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bc9\u6c42\u3002\u5510\u5fb7\u521a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u2018\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u2019\uff08Imperialism\uff09\u53c8\u662f\u4e2a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f8820\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u7eaa\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u534e\u88d4\u7537\u5973\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u5417\uff1f\u90a3\u4e00\u90e8\u8840\u6dcb\u6dcb\u7684\u2018\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fb5\u534e\u53f2\u2019\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8f88\u5b50\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u6d3b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u522b\u63d0\u4e5f\u7f62\uff0c\u63d0\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u6012\u8109\u8d32\u5f20\uff0c\u54ac\u7259\u5207\u9f7f\u7684\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4efd\u6c11\u65cf\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u5426\u8ba4\u7684\u3002\u201d[70]\u5510\u5fb7\u521a\u6b64\u8a00\uff0c\u8bf4\u51fa\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u58f0\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u201c\u53cd\u5e1d\u201d\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5df2\u6210\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u503e\u5411\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u4f7f\u9986\u4e2d\u6587\u79d8\u4e66\u88f4\u514b\uff08Willys R. Peck\uff09\u7a0d\u540e\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5f15\u8d77\u6c11\u4f17\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u6700\u4fdd\u9669\u548c\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u6392\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3e\u522b\u90fd\u4ee5\u6b64\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u201c\u786e\u4fdd\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u652f\u6301\u201d\u3002[71]\u989c\u60e0\u5e86\u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u201c\u5b97\u6559\u201d\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c[72]\u53ef\u89c1\u5176\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u56fd\u4eba\u601d\u60f3\u53ca\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65e2\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u5305\u88c5\uff08\u5982\u201c\u5937\u590f\u4e4b\u9632\u201d\uff09\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u5e1d\u201d\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u201d\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e5f\u663e\u5f97\u82cd\u767d\u65e0\u529b\u3002\u76d6\u5a01\u6c0f\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u867d\u53ef\u201c\u653e\u4e4b\u56db\u6d77\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5173\u6000\u5374\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u653e\u5f03\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u5176\u5173\u6000\u6240\u5728\u6709\u5173\u3002\u800c\u5217\u5b81\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u201d\u5374\u5173\u6000\u5230\u4e86\u4e9a\u6d32\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u56fd\u4eba\u867d\u672a\u5fc5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u8bba\uff0c\u5374\u90fd\u660e\u663e\u611f\u5230\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5151\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bfa\u8a00\uff0c\u6545\u5bf9\u5217\u5b81\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u66f4\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002[73]\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e9f\u6b32\u4e89\u53d6\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ca\u6c11\u65cf\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u56fd\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6d1e\u5bdf\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fb5\u7565\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u4fb5\u7565\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6bd4\u65e2\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8bf4\u660e\u3002[74]<\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u5b9e\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u201c\u9ed1\u5316\u201d\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u6269\u5927\u5176\u5728\u534e\u5f71\u54cd\u8d77\u4e86\u50ac\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u80e1\u653f\u4e4b\u66fe\u8457\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\u201c\u9ed1\u5316\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u8d64\u5316\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u4e25\u91cd\u201c\u9ed1\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u6539\u9020\u56fd\u5bb6\u65b9\u9762\u6025\u4e8e\u6c42\u6210\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8010\u5fc3\uff0c\u65e5\u601d\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u8e90\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u5efa\u8bbe\u201c\u6700\u65b0\u6700\u597d\u201d\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u9769\u547d\u6027\u201d\u6b63\u597d\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u6025\u4e8e\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6539\u53d8\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002[75]\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5374\u603b\u662f\u8ba9\u56fd\u4eba\u5931\u671b\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5f90\u4e2d\u7ea6\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u653f\u5236\u5df2\u88ab\u675c\u5a01\u6240\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u5229\u548c\u9690\u79d8\u7684\u96c6\u56e2\u201d\u6240\u626d\u66f2\uff0c\u5217\u5f3a\u5728\u534e\u79df\u754c\u5f53\u5c40\u5bf9\u65b0\u601d\u60f3\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u6001\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5217\u5f3a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u91ce\u86ee\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e0e\u675c\u5a01\u3001\u7f57\u7d20\u3001\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u7b49\u9f13\u5439\u7684\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u201d\u76f8\u53bb\u751a\u8fdc\u3002\u800c\u82cf\u4fc4\u5374\u9488\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f01\u56fe\u6446\u8131\u5217\u5f3a\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63a7\u5236\u5f00\u5c55\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u6307\u5f15\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b9\u7565\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u82cf\u4fc4\u81ea\u7136\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u754c\u4ea7\u751f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8bf1\u60d1\u529b\u3002[76]<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6b64\u65f6\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u5728\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u4e0e\u56fd\u201d\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u88ab\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u82cf\u4fc4\u6dd8\u6c70\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u82cf\u4fc4\u5bf9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4e86\u56fd\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u800c\u975e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f62\u6210\u76f8\u4e92\u652f\u6301\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u53cd\u5e1d\u201d\u53ca\u201c\u8054\u4fc4\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u52a0\u62c9\u7f55\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u534e\u5ba3\u8a00\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u662f\u300a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u5317\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\uff0c\u52a0\u6c0f\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u82cf\u4fc4\u4e0e\u5317\u4eac\u653f\u5e9c\u7f14\u7ea6\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\u7684\u63d0\u95ee\u65f6\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u82cf\u4fc4\u662f\u4e0e\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u201d\u7f14\u7ea6\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u4e0e\u4eba\u6c11\u7f14\u7ea6\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u8bba\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u627f\u8ba4\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002[77]\u8fd9\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u5317\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u65a1\u65cb\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e26\u6709\u201c\u9769\u547d\u201d\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u9f13\u52a8\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u201d\u800c\u975e\u4ee3\u8868\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5916\u4ea4\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u867d\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u901a\u884c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u5916\u4ea4\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u5374\u6781\u5927\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u56fd\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u5916\u4ea4\u7684\u6fc0\u60c5\uff0c\u4f7f\u9ad8\u6da8\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u8fd1\u4e16\u53f2\u4e0a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u76f2\u76ee\u6392\u5916\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f5c\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u5916\u4ea4\u201d\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u52c3\u7136\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5168\u9762\u9ad8\u6da8\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71<\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5168\u9762\u9ad8\u6da8\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de6\u7ffc\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u53ca\u5404\u9636\u5c42\u3001\u5404\u515a\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u201c\u6210\u4e86\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u4e3b\u6743\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\u53d7\u538b\u6291\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u548c\u9769\u547d\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u53e3\u4e2d\u6700\u7231\u6234\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u201d\u3002[78]\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u5728\u5efa\u682125\u5468\u5e74\u4e4b\u9645\u6240\u4f5c\u6c11\u610f\u6d4b\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u201c94%\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65bd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ee5\u53ca\u53cd\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u597d\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u201d\uff0c[79]\u6e05\u695a\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6765\u6e90: \u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u00a0 \u00a0 \u4f5c\u8005: \u6768\u5929\u5b8f\u00a0 \u4ed8\u5929\u661f \u6458\u8981 \u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u53ec\u5f00\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u66fe\u7ecf\u5386\u5de8\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7531 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[19504,10667,881],"views":94,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67400"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=67400"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67400\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67405,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67400\/revisions\/67405"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=67400"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=67400"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=67400"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}