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<\/p>\n

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\u6211\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u6731\u5229\u5b89\u00b7\u6cfd\u8499\uff08Julian Zemon\uff09\u66fe\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u7ed9\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u7ecf\u9500\u5546\u6279\u53d1\u7eba\u7ec7\u54c1\u3002\u6211\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u6d77\u4f26\u00b7\u5170\u6ce2\u7279\uff08Helen Lamport\uff09\u79bb\u5f00\u5bb6\u65cf\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff08family office\uff09\u540e\uff0c\u4fbf\u6295\u8eab\u4e8e\u5979\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e8b\u7269\u3001\u82b1\u56ed\u3001\u9ad8\u5c14\u592b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u54c8\u8fbe\u8428\uff08Hadassah\uff09\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u6211\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u5728\u8fdc\u79bb\u72b9\u592a\u533a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e70\u4e86\u4e00\u5ea7\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4e2a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5728\u5916\u90a6\u4eba\u4e2d\u6563\u4f4f\u7740\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c31\u91cd\u53e0\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\uff1a\u7403\u961f\u961f\u957f\u7c73\u57fa\u00b7\u67ef\u514b\u5170\uff08Mickey Cochrane\uff09\u4f4f\u5728\u8857\u89d2\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u65f6\u8001\u864e\u961f\u7684\u5168\u5792\u6253\u82f1\u96c4\u662f\u6c49\u514b\u00b7\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Hank Greenberg\uff09\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u53c8\u5728\u5bf9\u7acb\u4e2d\u663e\u5f97\u5f88\u4e0d\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6cfd\u8499\u5bb6\u662f\u8857\u4e0a\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u4e0d\u4eae\u706f\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6211\u4f1a\u671d\u90bb\u5c45\u7684\u51a5\u987d\u4e0d\u7075\u6447\u6447\u5934\uff0c\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5f25\u8d5b\u4e9a\u90a3\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u964d\u4e34\u5e76\u542f\u8499\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u8fc7\u7740\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u8212\u9002\u7684\u623f\u5c4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u8427\u6761\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u7559\u4e0b\u4e00\u70b9\u75d5\u8ff9\uff0c\u6709\u80a4\u8272\u7684\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u8fd9\u4e9b\u623f\u95f4\u53ea\u4ece\u4e8b\u6253\u626b\u3001\u71a8\u70eb\u6216\u5728\u9910\u684c\u4e0a\u670d\u4f8d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fd8\u662f\u95ef\u8fdb\u4e86\u90a3\u91cc\u3002\u5728\u5e7f\u64ad\u4e2d\u6536\u542c\u6770\u514b\u00b7\u672c\u5c3c\uff08Jack Benny\uff09\u548c\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u827e\u4f26\uff08Fred Allen\uff09\u7684\u95f4\u6b47\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u542c\u5230\u4e86\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u906d\u5230\u8f70\u70b8\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u957f\u7bc7\u6f14\u8bf4\u3002\u5728\u5c0f\u5b66\u7684\u5ead\u9662\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u96be\u6c11\uff0c\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u523b\u8584\u5730\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e24\u4e2a\u7a7f\u7740\u5f02\u56fd\u98ce\u60c5\u76ae\u77ed\u88e4\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u5c0f\u7537\u5b69\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u5411\u4eba\u4eec\u5410\u53e3\u6c34\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u548c\u5973\u4f34\u8d70\u5728\u4eba\u884c\u9053\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u5b66\u8dd1\u51fa\u6765\u6307\u7740\u6211\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u201c\u90a3\u53c8\u600e\u6837\uff1f\u201d\u6211\u56de\u7b54\u9053\u3002\u6211\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u90a3\u91cc\u5c06\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u6545\u4e61\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Aerial view of Kingswood School and part of Kingswood Lake. Woodward Avenue can be seen in the upper left corner, 1931. Photographer The Detroit News. Courtesy Cranbrook Archives.<\/p>\n

\u7236\u6bcd\u51b3\u5b9a\u628a\u6211\u9001\u5230\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u90ca\u533a\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\u79c1\u4eba\u5973\u9ad8\u2014\u2014\u514b\u745e\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u91d1\u65af\u4f0d\u5fb7\u5b66\u6821\uff08Kingswood School Cranbrook\uff09\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5f1f\u5f1f\u65af\u5766\u5229\uff08Stanley\uff09\u6ca1\u8fc7\u51e0\u5e74\u8ddf\u7740\u8fdb\u4e86\u7537\u6821\u3002\u90a3\u5e74\u5934\uff0c\u91d1\u65af\u4f0d\u5fb7\u662f\u4e00\u6240\u8d35\u65cf\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u5973\u5b69\u4eec\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u7684\u5bcc\u88d5\u4eba\u5bb6\uff0c\u6bcf\u73ed\u6709\u5927\u7ea6\u4e24\u4e2a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5b9a\u989d\uff08\u7537\u6821\u4e2d\u6570\u989d\u4f1a\u9ad8\u4e00\u4e9b\uff09\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u6211\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u53e0\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u6295\u5165\u5b66\u6821\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u7ed3\u4ea4\u597d\u670b\u53cb\u3001\u5728\u66f2\u68cd\u7403\u573a\u548c\u7f51\u7403\u573a\u4e0a\u5c3d\u6211\u6240\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u4ee4\u6211\u9ad8\u5174\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5973\u751f\u5f00\u59cb\u7ea6\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b9\u592a\u5973\u751f\u80fd\u591f\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u72b9\u592a\u7537\u751f\u7ea6\u4f1a\u662f\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u96be\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4e0e\u6765\u81ea\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4ea4\u3002\u5728\u91d1\u65af\u4f0d\u5fb7\u6bcf\u5468\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u793c\u62dc\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u4ea4\u53c9\u53cc\u624b\u3001\u6b4c\u5531\u5723\u8bd7\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u7977\u544a\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u6211\u7684\u300a\u65e7\u7ea6\u300b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u964d\u6012\u4e8e\u6211\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6211\u7684\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5c81\u6708\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u4f26\u7406\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6210\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6210\u957f\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u601d\u6d41\u5728\u6211\u7684\u6c42\u77e5\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\u98d8\u8fdb\u98d8\u51fa\u3002\u5230\u91d1\u65af\u4f0d\u5fb7\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u517b\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u80a1\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u793e\u533a\u670d\u52a1\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u70ed\u5207\u7684\u5fd7\u613f\u670d\u52a1\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5802\u5802\u6b63\u6b63\u7684\u597d\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u610f\u8bc6\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u590f\u4ee4\u8425\u7684\u65f6\u5149\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u610f\u8bc6\u540c\u6211\u90a3\u8ffd\u6c42\u5353\u8d8a\u3001\u53d6\u5f97\u6700\u597d\u5206\u6570\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u613f\u671b\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff1f\u540e\u8005\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4f7f\u6211\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u540c\u9f84\u4eba\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u800c\u975e\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u5b66\u5bfc\u5e08\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u62c9\u5c14\u592b\u00b7\u74e6\u5c14\u591a\u00b7\u7231\u9ed8\u751f\uff08Ralph Waldo Emerson\uff09\u7684\u300a\u8bba\u8865\u507f\u300b(Compensation)\uff0c\u5e76\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u6253\u7834\u4e25\u683c\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u201c\u519c\u6c11\u81c6\u60f3\u6743\u529b\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\u597d\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u603b\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e3a\u767d\u5bab\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u201d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u9014\u5f84\u6765\u8d21\u732e\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u90fd\u5e94\u88ab\u5c0a\u91cd\uff1b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u8eab\u5904\u4f55\u5904\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u51fa\u7c7b\u62d4\u8403\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4e1d\u6beb\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bb9\u5fcd\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u7684\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u793e\u56e2\u548c\u4e61\u6751\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u9047\u89c1\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u72b9\u592a\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u7ad9\u5728\u6211\u5b64\u72ec\u7684\u6816\u6240\uff0c\u6211\u731b\u70c8\u5730\u62a8\u51fb\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u62dc\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u5bf9\u8863\u670d\u3001\u6c7d\u8f66\uff08\u6211\u62d2\u7edd\u5b66\u4e60\u9a7e\u9a76\uff09\u548c\u91d1\u94b1\u6c38\u4e0d\u505c\u6b62\u7684\u6500\u6bd4\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u65f6\u671f\u53cd\u5bf9\u5bab\u5ef7\u4e2d\u4f2a\u5584\u548c\u63a9\u9970\u7684\u8bba\u8457\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u5145\u6ee1\u6d3b\u529b\u5730\u8c34\u8d23\u7740\u6d53\u91cd\u7684\u7c89\u997c\u5986\u5e95\u548c\u6574\u9f3b\u624b\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u771f\u6b63\u806a\u660e\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u592e\u9ad8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u6240\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7c07\u62e5\u5728\u97e6\u6069\u5927\u5b66\u4e00\u540d\u5de6\u7ffc\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u5468\u56f4\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u6211\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u901a\u5e38\u7ed9\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u8fd8\u8ba2\u9605\u4e86\u300a\u4e0b\u5348\u300b\uff08PM\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4ece\u90a3\u91cc\u5982\u9965\u4f3c\u6e34\u5730\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u00b7\u52d2\u7eb3\uff08Max Lerner\uff09\u548cI. F. \u65af\u901a\uff08I. F. Stone\uff09\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u6bd5\u4e1a\u5b63\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u79cb\u5929\uff0c\u91d1\u65af\u4f0d\u5fb7\u7684\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u6a21\u62df\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u6211\u548c\u6211\u6700\u597d\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u662f\u4ec5\u6709\u7684\u4e24\u7968\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e86\u56db\u5341\u4e00\u7968\u5171\u548c\u515a\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u6211\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u5979\uff0c\u628a\u7968\u6295\u7ed9\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u4eba\u8bfa\u66fc\u00b7\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\uff08Norman Thomas\uff09\u3002\u90a3\u4e2a\u6625\u5929\u548c\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u6765\u5230\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u7684\u5927\u8857\u5c0f\u5df7\uff0c\u7eaa\u5ff5\u6b27\u6218\u53ca\u968f\u540e\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u7a81\u7136\u95ef\u5165\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u8611\u83c7\u4e91\u611f\u5230\u60ca\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6218\u540e\u5c81\u6708<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u7684\u5c81\u6708\u91cc\uff0c\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u5b66\u9662\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u632f\u594b\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u9752\u5e74\u5973\u6027\u4ece\u5168\u7f8e\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u6765\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u4e2d\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u3002\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u80fd\u5360\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u5341\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u6bd4\u91d1\u65af\u4f0d\u5fb7\u591a\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u5708\u5b50\u91cc\u5934\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u6709\u8272\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u5973\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u662f\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\uff09\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\uff1a\u201c1949\u5e2e\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u5fc3\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u3001\u652f\u6301\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u8054\u5408\u56fd\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u521b\u5efa\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u3002\u51b7\u6218\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3001\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6743\u5728\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u975e\u7f8e\u8c03\u67e5\u6d3b\u52a8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08HUAC\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u597d\u83b1\u575e\u5341\u541b\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u573a\u53d1\u751f\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7184\u706d\uff0c\u53cb\u8c0a\u4e5f\u4ecd\u65e7\u7262\u56fa\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c1b\u56f4\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4ec5\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u51b7\u5bc2\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4e89\uff08Korean War\uff09\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u730e\u7ea2\u884c\u52a8\uff08the Red Hunt\uff09\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5267\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u627f\u81ea\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5c81\u6708\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6211\u4ecd\u7136\u60f3\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u6838\u5fc3\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6210\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u6279\u5224\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u6211\u81ea\u89c6\u4e3a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u4e00\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u6210\u719f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb-\u4f26\u7406\u773c\u754c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6211\u6279\u5224\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u6bcf\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4e3a\u96c6\u4f1a\u65e5\u6f14\u51fa\uff08Rally Day shows\uff09\u5199\u6b4c\u66f2\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u505a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u6211\u4ecd\u7136\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u5927\u4e00\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4ece\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u97f3\u4e50\u4e0e\u827a\u672f\u9ad8\u4e2d\u3001\u6df1\u8c19\u7ebd\u7ea6\u4eba\u60c5\u4e16\u6545\u7684\u6731\u8482\u00b7\u83ab\u5409\u5c14\uff08Judy Mogil\uff09\u90a3\u91cc\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u5b83\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u51fa\u8def\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fd8\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\u7ade\u4e89\uff1b\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u7c97\u4fd7\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u4eab\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u505a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u6784\u60f3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4fee\u6b63\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u4ece\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f9d\u9760\u4ed6\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u6309\u7167\u4ed6\uff08\u5982\u4eca\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\uff09\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff08\u52b3\u52a8\uff09\u3002\u201d\u770b\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6bd4\u7231\u9ed8\u751f\u7684\u8865\u507f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u5b66\u9662\u53f8\u6cd5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4efb\u804c\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u8bf8\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u9752\u5e74\u6c11\u4e3b\u4f1a\u3001\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba8\u8bba\u7ec4\u4ee5\u53ca\u9752\u5e74\u8fdb\u6b65\u8005\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u6f6e\u6c79\u6d8c\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u6211\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u6559\u6388\u5728\u963b\u6b62\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u96c6\u4f1a\u65f6\u5bf9\u6211\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u6070\u6070\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eec\u5173\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f4f\u5728\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u6211\u5e94\u8be5\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72af\u4eba\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4fc4\u56fd\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9065\u8fdc\u4e14\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd1\u5728\u54ab\u5c3a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c31\u5728\u6211\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u5185\u3002\u6211\u548c\u6211\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u7814\u7a76\u7740\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5de5\u4f1a\u6743\u5229\u548c\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7b49\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u738b\u56fd\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eab\u6709\u7279\u6743\u7684\u738b\u56fd\u2014\u2014\u662f\u6211\u7684\u5b66\u4e1a\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u4fc4\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u3002\u6211\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6cd5\u5f0f\u9601\u697c\uff08maison francaise\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6fc0\u70c8\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u5b89\u5fb7\u70c8\u00b7\u7eaa\u5fb7\uff08Andre Gide\uff09\u3001\u963f\u5c14\u8d1d\u00b7\u52a0\u7f2a\uff08Albert Camus\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ba9\u00b7\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u8428\u7279\uff08Jean-Paul Sartre\uff09\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u6211\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u83b1\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7\u52a0\u8d1d\u5c14\uff08Leona Gabel\uff09\u6240\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u3002\u6570\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u5e03\u6797\u9ed8\u5c14\u5b66\u9662\uff08Bryn Mawr\uff09\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u5979\u6b63\u5728\u7f16\u6821\u6559\u7687\u5e87\u62a4\u4e8c\u4e16\uff08Pope Pius \u2161\uff09\u7684\u300a\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\uff08Commentaries\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u6559\u6388\u90a3\u4e9b\u7531\u6b27\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u5b66\u8005\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u83b1\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7\u52a0\u8d1d\u5c14\u6587\u8d28\u5f6c\u5f6c\uff0c\u8bb2\u8bfe\u65f6\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u6234\u7740\u793c\u5e3d\u3002\u5979\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5947\u5999\u613f\u60f3\uff0c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u76ae\u79d1\u00b7\u5fb7\u62c9\u00b7\u7c73\u5170\u591a\u62c9\uff08Pico della Mirandola\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u5815\u843d\u5230\u91ce\u517d\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5347\u534e\u81f3\u5929\u4f7f\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff08\u8fc7\u53bb\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u3001\u73b0\u5728\u4ecd\u65e7\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff09\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u9a6c\u57fa\u96c5\u7ef4\u5229\u7684\u65e0\u60c5\uff08hard-boiled\uff09\u653f\u6cbb\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u8def\u5fb7\uff08Luther\uff09\u52c7\u6562\u53ec\u5524\u51fa\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u9053\u8def\u3002\u5728\u7814\u8ba8\u8bfe\u4e0a\uff0c\u5979\u6162\u6162\u5730\u5f15\u9886\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u52a8\u8361\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u7684\u72ec\u88c1\u7ed3\u5c40\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u59cb\u6750\u6599\u4e86\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9605\u8bfb\u300a\u7bb4\u8a00\u62a5\u300b\uff08Le Moniteur\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u5982\u5f71\u968f\u884c\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6bd4\u9a6c\u585e\u5c14\u00b7\u666e\u9c81\u65af\u7279\uff08Marcel Proust\uff09\u7684\u300a\u8ffd\u5fc6\u4f3c\u6c34\u5e74\u534e\u300b\uff08A la recherche du tempsperdu\uff09\u66f4\u52a0\u8ff7\u4eba\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u653f\u6cbb\u5fe0\u8bda\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u5927\u6982\u6700\u4e3a\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u8363\u8a89\u8bba\u6587\uff08senior honors thesis\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff1a\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5f6d\u6ce2\u00b7\u90a3\u9f50\uff08Pietro Pomponazzi\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5426\u8ba4\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u4e0d\u673d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\uff08\u5bf9\u6211\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u53cc\u91cd\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u6709\u8da3\u4e86\uff09\u7528\u4e8c\u91cd\u771f\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u8f6c\u79fb\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e5f\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u53bb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b8f\u5927\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u9057\u6f0f\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u8ba9\u6211\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\u7ef4\u67ef\u7684\u300a\u65b0\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u90a3\u6587\u5316\u7684\u539f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u5728\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u5e03\u6d1b\u8d6b\u7684\u300a\u5947\u602a\u7684\u6218\u8d25\u300b\uff08Strange Defeat\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u77e5\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u82f1\u96c4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u60f3\u60f3\u8fc7\u53bb25\u5e74\u6765\u5bf9\u5987\u5973\u53f2\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u6211\u626a\u5fc3\u81ea\u95ee\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u611f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u51e0\u4e4e\u4ece\u4e0d\u63a2\u8ba8\u5973\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u66fe\u60f3\u8d77\u6709\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u518d\u60f3\u60f3\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e74\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u548c\u5883\u51b5\uff0c\u6211\u4fbf\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e86\u3002\u6218\u540e\u768440\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u7684\u5708\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u7537\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u6709\u7740\u540c\u6837\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5fd7\u8da3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u7740\u540c\u6837\u653f\u6cbb\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u806a\u660e\u7537\u5973\u90fd\u4f1a\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u770b\u5f85\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u57281946\u5e74\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u6bd4\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08Mary Beard\uff09\u7684\u300a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5973\u6027\u300b\uff08Women as Force in History\uff09\u51fa\u7248\u65f6\u5c31\u8bfb\u8fc7\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6b23\u8d4f\u5979\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u00b7\u5e03\u514b\u54c8\u7279\uff08Jacob Burckhardt\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u8eab\u4e0a\u6c72\u53d6\u8425\u517b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u548c\u6587\u660e\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u628a\u5973\u6027\u548c\u7537\u6027\u5272\u88c2\u5f00\u3001\u4e5f\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u79cd\u88ab\u6211\u89c6\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u788e\u7247\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u800c\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u6270\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Women as Force in History<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u83b1\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7\u52a0\u8d1d\u5c14\u4ee5\u53ca\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u7684\u73af\u5883\u8fd8\u662f\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5973\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u4ee5\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u5973\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8c0b\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u6781\u5927\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u8bfe\u7a0b\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u7684\u201c\u7537\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u7ec8\u7a76\u51fa\u81ea\u5973\u6027\u4e4b\u53e3\u3001\u7531\u5973\u6027\u4e4b\u8033\u6240\u542c\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u5ba4\u7684\u5973\u6027\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5973\u6027\u80fd\u591f\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u771f\u7684\u3002\u6211\u731c\u60f3\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u201c\u7537\u6027\u7684\u201d\u6f5c\u5728\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd0\u7528\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u52a0\u8d1d\u5c14\u5c0f\u59d0\u6709\u610f\u7684\u6559\u6388\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u77e5\u600e\u4e48\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4eff\u4f5b\u770b\u5230\u662f\u5973\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u523b\u5728\u4e86\u5217\u5965\u7eb3\u591a\u00b7\u8fbe\u00b7\u82ac\u5947\u7684\u8457\u540d\u5706\u5708\u4e2d\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u90a3\u4e2a\u59ff\u52bf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u5e84\u91cd\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8ba4\u8bc6\u67e5\u5fb7\u52d2<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u57281948\u5e74\u7684\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u5927\u4e09\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u67e5\u5fb7\u52d2\u00b7\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\uff08Chandler Davis\uff09\u3002\u6211\u66fe\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u590f\u6821\uff08Harvard Summer School\uff09\u5b66\u4e60\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u573a\u534e\u83b1\u58eb\uff08Wallace\uff09\uff08\u8fdb\u6b65\u515a\u603b\u7edf\u5019\u9009\u4eba\uff09\u5b66\u751f\u652f\u63f4\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5076\u9047\u4e86\u67e5\uff08Chan\uff09\u3002\u6218\u65f6\u4ed6\u66fe\u5728\u6d77\u519bV-12\u90e8\u961f\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u89c1\u9762\u65f6\u662f\u4ed6\u4ece\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u7cfb\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u3002\u4ed6\u82f1\u4fca\u3001\u806a\u6167\u3001\u5de6\u6487\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u559c\u6b22\u6ee1\u8179\u667a\u8bc6\u7684\u5973\u6027\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5bf9\u97f3\u4e50\u3001\u8bd7\u6b4c\u548c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8bdd\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c08\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u6211\u9047\u5230\u7684\u6700\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u7537\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u53c2\u52a0\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\u201c\u666e\u666e\u901a\u901a\u201d\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7f51\u7403\u548c\u4e52\u4e53\u7403\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff1a\u4ed6\u7956\u4e0a\u662f\u8001\u6d3e\u7684\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e00\u795e\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u7684\u8d35\u683c\u4f1a\u4fe1\u5f92\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5bcc\u88d5\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u53cc\u4eb2\u662f\u6559\u6388\u548c\u8001\u5e08\u3002\u4e09\u5468\u540e\uff0c\u67e5\u5411\u6211\u63d0\u4e86\u5a5a\uff1b\u516d\u5468\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u7684\u5e02\u653f\u5385\u4e2d\u7ed3\u5a5a\u4e86\uff1b\u67e5\u521a\u597d22\u5c81\u3002<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\u65e0\u9700\u591a\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e11\u95fb\u3002\u67e5\u5fb7\u52d2\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u6b22\u8fce\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b9\u592a\u513f\u5ab3\u5987\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u91cc\u603b\u662f\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u72b9\u592a\u96be\u6c11\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u800c\u6211\u7684\u53cc\u4eb2\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6211\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5219\u5341\u5206\u60ca\u9a87\uff0c\u6211\u7adf\u8981\u5ac1\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u548c\u67e5\u4e0e\u6211\u5f1f\u5f1f\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u826f\u597d\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u5b66\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4e5f\u7ec8\u4e8e\u4e0e\u6211\u7684\u7238\u7238\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u5230\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u5988\u5988\u624d\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e43\u81f3\u6211\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Natalie and mathematician Chandler Davis<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5fc5\u987b\u8bb2\u8ff0\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u6027\u6c42\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u542c\u4e0d\u5230\u5973\u6027\u6b22\u547c\u58f0\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u91cc\u4ece\u4e8b\u6bd5\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5c31\u8fde\u52a0\u8d1d\u5c14\u5c0f\u59d0\u4e5f\u5bb3\u6015\u6211\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6211\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u6572\u54cd\u4e27\u949f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5979\u4ece\u672a\u660e\u8a00\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5979\u90a3\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u8d70\u8fc7\u4e00\u6761\u522b\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u8def\u5f84\uff1b\u5018\u82e5\u6211\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u60f3\u8981\u4e00\u7fa4\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u88ab\u62d6\u7d2f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6211\u600e\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u5462\uff1f\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u8fc7\u65e9\u5730\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e08\u592b\uff0c\u4ed6\u771f\u6b63\u76f8\u4fe1\u5973\u6027\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u3001\u8fd8\u613f\u610f\u627f\u62c5\u5bb6\u52a1\u548c\u80b2\u513f\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u6d89\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u7ec8\u751f\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u9053\u8def\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u88ab\u8bbe\u5b9a\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u66fe\u8ba1\u5212\u8fc7\u653b\u8bfb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u8003\u8651\u4ece\u4e8b\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u67e5\u8981\u53bb\u5927\u5b66\u91cc\u4ece\u6559\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u5728\u60f3\uff0c\u201c\u90a3\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u6388\u5427\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u6211\u8d77\u521d\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u63a5\u53d7\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd9\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u6211\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u4ece\u89c2\u5ff5\u53f2\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u3002\u6211\u8ba2\u9605\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5b66\u672f\u6742\u5fd7\u662f\u300a\u89c2\u5ff5\u53f2\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\uff08Journal of the History of Ideas\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5728\u4e3a\u8fc8\u4f26\u00b7\u5409\u5c14\u6469\uff08Myron Gilmore\uff09\u7684\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u64b0\u5199\u5173\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u7eaa\u5c27\u59c6\u00b7\u6bd4\u5fb7\uff08Guillaume Bud\u00e9\uff09\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u5c06\u6bd4\u5fb7\u7684\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u540c\u4ed6\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u4e8e\u50cf\u4ed6\u90a3\u6837\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u8c41\u514d\u6743\u7684\u8bae\u8bba\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u7a81\u7136\u95f4\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u738b\u516c\u548c\u7267\u5e08\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u6211\u8bfb\u4e86\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u5e03\u6d1b\u8d6b\uff08Marc Bloch\uff09\u7684\u300a\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a\u300b\uff08Feudal Society\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5f53W. K. \u4e54\u4e39\uff08W. K. Jordan\uff09\u6002\u607f\u6211\u5c0616\u4e16\u7eaa\u8bfa\u798f\u514b\u90e1\u7684\u51ef\u7279\u8d77\u4e49\u5f53\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u8bdd\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e07\u4e8b\u4ff1\u5907\u4e86\u3002\u67e5\u5e2e\u6211\u4ece\u5a01\u5f97\u6069\u5927\u5b66\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u642c\u56de\u4e86\u5806\u79ef\u5982\u5c71\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7740\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u201d\u3002\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u6863\u6848\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u767b\u8bb0\u7c3f\u7684\u8282\u9009\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u5de5\u5320\u548c\u519c\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e3a\u4e86\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u800c\u53c2\u52a0\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u88ab\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u5b89\u963f\u4f2f\u5e02\uff08Ann Arbor\uff09\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u8482\u5a1c\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u76ae\u6851\uff08Christine de Pizan\uff09\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u7684\u7814\u8ba8\u73ed\u8001\u5e08\u5e15\u5c14\u9ed8\u00b7\u601d\u9c81\u666e\uff08Palmer Throop\uff09\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5199\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u5206\uff09\u3002\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u8482\u5a1c\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u76ae\u6851\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u804c\u4e1a\u6587\u5b66\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u7684\u5bab\u5ef7\u751f\u6d3b\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5730\u9ad8\u51fa\u4e86\u6211\u60f3\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u4ece\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u8c6a\u585e\u5c14\uff08Henri Hauser\uff09\u81ea19\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\u7684\u624b\u7a3f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u89e616\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cc\u6602\u6d8c\u52a8\u7684\u5e73\u6c11\u5927\u4f17\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8c37\u7269\u66b4\u52a8\u3001\u5370\u5237\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u7f62\u5de5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca1562\u5e74\u4f01\u56fe\u5c06\u7f57\u7eb3\u6cb3\u4e0e\u7d22\u6069\u6cb3\u4ea4\u6c47\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u5ea7\u201c\u65b0\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u201d\u7684\u65b0\u6559\u8d77\u4e49\u3002\u6211\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e3b\u9898\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u513f\u4e86\u3002\u91cc\u6602\u6709\u6211\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u80fd\u591f\u68c0\u9a8c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5173\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0a\u5c42\u5efa\u7b51\u80fd\u591f\u53cd\u6620\u7269\u8d28\u610f\u8da3\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u68c0\u9a8c\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u97e6\u4f2f\u5173\u4e8e\u65b0\u6559\u4e3b\u4e49\u63a8\u52a8\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c16\u4e16\u7eaa\u66f4\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u5730\u5438\u5f15\u7740\u6211\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u89c6\u4e4b\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u75c5\u548c\u6295\u673a\u6d3b\u52a8\u8bde\u751f\u5730\u768416\u4e16\u7eaa\u6709\u7740\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8d2a\u5a6a\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\uff0c16\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e5f\u6709\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6211\u4f9d\u65e7\u949f\u7231\u6863\u6848\u3002\u8d77\u521d\uff0c\u5728\u5e02\u653f\u6863\u6848\u9986\u7684\u5fae\u5f31\u706f\u5149\u4e0b\u662f\u65e5\u5b50\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5feb\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u6587\u732e\u641c\u5bfb\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u6211\u60f3\u627e\u7684\u6863\u6848\u53f7\u3002\u4f46\u8001\u5e08\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8b66\u544a\u6211\u9605\u8bfb16\u4e16\u7eaa\u53f8\u6cd5\u5458\u624b\u8bb0\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u8270\u96be\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u4ece\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u5e73\u514b\u5c3c\uff08David Pinkney\uff09\u6240\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u53f2\u5bb6\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u51fa\u7248\u6750\u6599\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u521a\u4e00\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u65b0\u751f\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u8292\u8fea\uff08John Mundy\uff09\u5c31\u5728\u56fe\u5362\u5179\u7b5b\u9009\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u591a\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u6211\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u91cc\u6602\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u6211\u611f\u5230\u5341\u5206\u60ca\u8bb6\u3002\u201c\u4f60\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u5b66\u4e60\u4f60\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff1f\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u95ee\u9053\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u548c\u5584\u7684\u6863\u6848\u4fdd\u7ba1\u5458\u5411\u6211\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3a\u6211\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e8616\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u53e4\u6587\u4e66\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u5bf9\u91cc\u6602\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u7f16\u6c47\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u3001\u6240\u5728\u884c\u7701\u3001\u7a0e\u6536\u4ee5\u53ca\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6211\u4ece\u672a\u4ece\u4e8b\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u63a2\u6c42\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u7684\u773c\u775b\u9700\u8981\u4f11\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u79fb\u6b65\u5230\u50a8\u85cf\u5ba4\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u5b9a\u6027\u201d\u8bc1\u636e\uff08\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u79f0\u547c\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff09\uff1a\u5370\u5237\u7684\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u3001\u620f\u5267\u3001\u5e03\u9053\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u57ce\u5e02\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u8bba\u8fa9\u7a3f\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u56de\u5230\u5b89\u963f\u4f2f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56de\u5230\u5b89\u963f\u4f2f\u5e02\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u6c42\u77e5\u751f\u6daf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2aFBI\u63a2\u5458\u6765\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5c0f\u516c\u5bd3\uff0c\u6ca1\u6536\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u62a4\u7167\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6211\u6000\u5b55\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u548c\u4e08\u592b\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u884c\u52a8\u4e0a\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u5728\u6df1\u6df1\u5173\u6ce8\u7740\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5173\u6ce8\u5bf9\u59a8\u788d\u5b66\u672f\u81ea\u7531\uff08freedom\uff09\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\uff08liberties\uff09\u7684\u8fdd\u89c4\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u79bb\u5f00\u6cd5\u56fd\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u4e00\u672c\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u64cd\u63a7\u300b\uff08Operation Mind\uff09\u7684\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u653b\u51fb\u4e86\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u975e\u7f8e\u8c03\u67e5\u6d3b\u52a8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u8fdd\u5baa\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u533f\u540d\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u804c\u4e1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u5c06\u5c31\u6728\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4f1a\u8ba1\uff0c\u67e5\u5fb7\u52d2\u5728\u7ed9\u5370\u5237\u5546\u7684\u652f\u7968\u4e0a\u7b7e\u4e86\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5370\u5237\u5546\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u900f\u9732\u7ed9\u4e86FBI\u3002\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6307\u63a7\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5e76\u6ca1\u6536\u6211\u4eec\u62a4\u7167\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5bfc\u706b\u7d22\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4e8e1954\u5e74\u6625\u5b63\uff0c\u5728\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u975e\u7f8e\u8c03\u67e5\u6d3b\u52a8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5bf9\u67e5\u5fb7\u52d2\u7684\u5ba1\u8baf\u4e0a\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff08\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u7537\u6027\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e2d\u53cd\u800c\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a\u5c31\u50cf\u6b27\u6d32\u8fd1\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u653f\u6743\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5047\u5b9a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5bf9\u592b\u5987\u4e00\u8d77\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e08\u592b\u9700\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\uff09\u3002\u67e5\u5fb7\u52d2\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u8bc1\u8bcd\u4e2d\u53ea\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5bf9\u59d4\u5458\u63d0\u51fa\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u8003\u9a8c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u82b1\u4e86\u516d\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u8d70\u5b8c\u5168\u7a0b\uff1a\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u89e3\u96c7\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u52a9\u6559\u804c\u4f4d\uff1b\u4e34\u65f6\u4f1a\u8bae\u4ee5\u85d0\u89c6\u56fd\u4f1a\u7f6a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba1\u5224\uff1b\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\u5c06\u4ed6\u5217\u5165\u9ed1\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u4ed6\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u4fe1\u8a89\u4e3a\u67e5\u505a\u62c5\u4fdd\uff0c\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u65b0\u5b66\u9662\u8fd8\u4e3a\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e34\u65f6\u5c97\u4f4d\uff09\uff1b\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u5ead\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u590d\u5ba1\u4ee4\u7684\u62d2\u7edd\uff1b1960\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e39\u4f2f\u91cc\u60e9\u6212\u6240\uff08Danbury Correctional Institution\uff09\u670d\u6ee1\u957f\u8fbe\u516d\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u5211\u671f\uff08\u6b64\u95f4\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u5e15\u5185\u5c14\u00b7\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u7684\u975e\u7f8e\u8c03\u67e5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u524d\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u85aa\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u4e39\u4f2f\u91cc\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81f3\u4e8e\u6211\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u6ca1\u6536\u4e86\u62a4\u7167\u3002\u6211\u5bf9\u88ab\u8feb\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u6863\u6848\u9694\u79bb\u8d77\u6765\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u6df1\u611f\u7edd\u671b\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6863\u6848\u91cc\u8eba\u7740\u6211\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u4e54\u88c5\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6211\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u65b0\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5730\u533a\u4f7f\u6211\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u578b\u7684\u73cd\u672c\u6536\u85cf\u673a\u6784\uff1a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\u516c\u5171\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff0c\u6469\u6839\u56fe\u4e66\u4e0e\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff08the Pierpont Morgan\uff09\uff0c\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u795e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff08the Graduate Theology Union\uff09\u3002\u6211\u67e5\u9605\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u672c\u51fa\u7248\u4e8e16\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cc\u6602\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u4ec5\u627e\u5bfb\u7740\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u6559\u6761\u6216\u8bba\u6218\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f00\u59cb\u4ece\u624b\u5934\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u5207\u80fd\u591f\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff1a\u4ece\u5b83\u7684\u88c5\u8ba2\u3001\u732e\u8bcd\u4ee5\u53ca\u5377\u5934\u63d2\u753b\uff0c\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u7248\u672c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0e\u65c1\u6ce8\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u5148\u5165\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u6211\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u80fd\u591f\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5370\u5237\u5320\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u4f2a\u88c5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u9003\u8131\u68c0\u5bdf\u5458\u548c\u5f02\u7aef\u5ba1\u5224\u5b98\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u5199\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e9b\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4e13\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u53d7\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u5939\u6742\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e2d\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u548c\u732e\u8bcd\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u8363\u8fb1\u53c2\u534a\u5730\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e16\u4e16\u7eaa\u5546\u4e1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u5e26\u4e9b\u5076\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u98ce\u683c\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5c06\u6863\u6848\u8d44\u6599\u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u6d41\u6d3e\u7684\u5370\u5237\u6587\u732e\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u82e5\u60f3\u7406\u89e3\u5e73\u6c11\u5927\u4f17\u4e0e\u201c\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7279\u522b\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Natalie,Chandler Davis,and their children<\/p>\n

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1959\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u91cc\u6602\u7684\u65b0\u6559\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5370\u5237\u4e8b\u4e1a\u300b\u53d1\u56de\u7ed9\u6211\u5728\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u672f\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e3a\u6211\u53d1\u5c55\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u6709\u5173\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9996\u5148\u4ecd\u7136\u7531\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6240\u5f15\u9886\uff1a\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u4e66\u5199\u6e05\u6559\u6559\u4e49\uff1b\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u4e66\u5199\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e49\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u5b66\u672f\u6027\u6781\u5f3a\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u6781\u5176\u751f\u52a8\uff08\u6211\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u7f57\u5170\u00b7\u73ed\u987f\uff08Roland Bainton\uff09\u7684\u4f20\u8bb0\u300a\u6211\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u300b\uff08Here I Stand\uff09\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u4ece\u7279\u5b9a\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bb2\u8ff0\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u88ab\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u6784\u60f3\u7684\uff1a\u5bf9\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u6559\u4e49\u6216\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u618e\u6068\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6069\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u7279\u52d2\u5c14\u5947\uff08Ernst Troeltsch\uff09\u6216\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u97e6\u4f2f\u5f88\u65e9\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u6559\u4e49\u8fa9\u8bba\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fa9\u8bba\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e4b\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

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