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\u6765\u6e90: \u53f2\u5b66\u6279\u8bc4\u7814\u7a76<\/p>\n

\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u63a2\u7d22<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u4ee4\u6211\u9ad8\u5174\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u6559\u5b66\u4e86\u3002\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u5728\u6559\u5ba4\u524d\u53f0\u7a0d\u4e8b\u505c\u7559\uff1a\u57281956\u5e74\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u901a\u8bc6\u8bfe\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u4e8e\u591c\u95f4\u6559\u6388\u8fc7\u51e0\u5929\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u706b\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u771f\u6b63\u8003\u9a8c\u3002\u5df4\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5b66\u9662\uff08Barnard\uff09\u82f1\u6587\u7cfb\u7684\u7f57\u838e\u8389\u00b7\u79d1\u5229\uff08Rosalie Colie\uff09\u4f1a\u5728\u8bfe\u524d\u7ed9\u6211\u5e26\u665a\u996d\uff0c\u5979\u63d0\u9192\u7740\u6211\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u6bcd\u4eb2\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u8ddf\u968f\u67e5\u5fb7\u52d2\u53bb\u4e86\u666e\u7f57\u7ef4\u767b\u65af\uff08Providence\uff09\uff0c\u67e5\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u7ed9\u300a\u6570\u5b66\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\u5f53\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u5e76\u77ed\u6682\u5730\u5728\u5e03\u6717\u5927\u5b66\uff08Brown University\uff09\u4efb\u6559\u3002\u518d\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8f6c\u673a\uff1a\u72f1\u4e8b\u8fc7\u540e\uff0c\u67e5\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u6388\u5e2d\u4f4d\u30021962\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u804c\uff0c\u8d77\u521d\u662f\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u9662\uff0c1968\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u9662\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u957f\u8fbe38\u5e74\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u5c81\u6708\uff0c\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u8005\u6c42\u77e5\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6559\u5b66\u662f\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u73af\u8282\u3002\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4ece\u5b66\u751f\u90a3\u91cc\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u81f3\u5c11\u540c\u6211\u7ed9\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

University Of Toronto<\/p>\n

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\u6211\u732e\u8eab\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6700\u597d\u4f8b\u8bc1\u662f1966\u5e74\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u534f\u4f1a\u300b\uff08A Trade Union in Sixteenth-Century France\uff09\u3002\u6211\u5728\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u7684\u6863\u6848\u9986\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5ba1\u8baf\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u5ba1\u8baf\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u91cc\u6602\u5370\u5237\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\u884c\u4f1a\uff08compagnonnage\uff09\u6216\u534f\u4f1a\uff08Company\uff09\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4efd\u63cf\u8ff0\u6709\u5173\u6b27\u6d32\u96c7\u4f63\u5de5\u4eba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3001\u4eea\u5f0f\u793c\u4eea\u548c\u6218\u7565\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u662f\u5404\u5f0f\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u8f83\u65e9\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u3002\u6211\u4f9d\u636e\u96c7\u4f63\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u5730\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4f5c\u574a\u4e2d\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1b\u6211\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53d7\u6d17\u5178\u793c\u548c\u60e9\u7f5a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eea\u5f0f\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ed3\u6210\u79c1\u5bc6\u4e14\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1b\u6211\u70b9\u660e\u4e86\u96c7\u4f63\u5de5\u5728\u4fdd\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5e73\u6c11\u5927\u4f17\u673a\u6784\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5178\u8303\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6f14\u8fdb\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5148\u950b\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8303\u5f0f\uff08\u6211\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u9c8d\u59c6\u7684\u300a\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u53db\u4e71\u300b\uff08Primitive Rebels\uff09\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6f14\u8fdb\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ec5\u6709\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\uff08\u5728\u96c7\u4f63\u5de5\u534f\u4f1a\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\uff09\u5bf9\u5bb6\u5ead\u611f\u548c\u5144\u5f1f\u60c5\u8c0a\u7684\u6e34\u6c42\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u662f\u524d\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u843d\u540e\u6b8b\u5b58\u7269\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u5e94\u5f53\u5c06\u5b83\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u793e\u56e2\uff08societies\uff09\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u957f\u4e45\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u56e2\u4e2d\uff0c\u975e\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u5bf9\u652f\u914d\u5173\u7cfb\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u611f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5370\u5237\u5382\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u5de5\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u2018\u5e76\u975e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5974\u96b6\u800c\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\uff0c\u5e26\u7740\u5353\u8d8a\u4e14\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u611f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7740\u2019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u611f\u4ea4\u4e4b\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u300a\u884c\u4e1a\u534f\u4f1a\u300b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53f2\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\uff08The Economic History Review\uff09\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6cd5\u56fd\u3002\u90a3\u6bb5\u65e5\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u5e74\u9274\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u533a\u57df\u53f2\u548c\u4e61\u6751\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u57ce\u5e02\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\u884c\u4f1a\u53ca\u5176\u98ce\u4fd7\uff0c\u5e74\u9274\u5b66\u6d3e\u4ecd\u7136\u5e26\u7740\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u6743\u53f3\u7ffc\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002\u6211\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u53e4\u8d1d\u5c14\uff08Pierre Goubert\uff09\u7684\u300a\u535a\u97e6\u4e0e\u535a\u97e6\u4eba\u300b\uff08Beauvais and the Beauvaisis\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u57c3\u9a6c\u7ebd\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u52d2\u534e\u62c9\u675c\u91cc\uff08Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie\uff09\u7684\u300a\u6717\u683c\u591a\u514b\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u300b\uff08Peasants of Languedoc\uff09\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u540c\u6211\u7684\u7855\u58eb\u751f\u4e00\u8d77\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14\u00b7\u798f\u67ef\u7684\u300a\u766b\u75af\u4e0e\u6587\u660e\u300b\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u5c06\u53e4\u8d1d\u5c14\u548c\u52d2\u534e\u62c9\u675c\u91cc\u8bf7\u5230\u5b66\u6821\u91cc\u8fdb\u884c\u4f1a\u8c08\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5e74\u9274\u5b66\u6d3e\u5bf9\u603b\u4f53\u53f2\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6d41\u52a8\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u6211\u60f3\u505a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u8d70\u5411\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c06\u5973\u6027\u7eb3\u5165\u6211\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u9075\u5faa\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u63a2\u7d22<\/strong><\/p>\n

60\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u548c70\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u4e03\u98a0\u516b\u5012\u7684\uff0c\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u548c\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u7686\u5982\u6b64\u30021968\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u505a\u4e86\u534a\u5e74\u5ba2\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u591a\u4f26\u591a\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u6297\u8bae\u4ece\u65e5\u95f4\u6258\u513f\u6240\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u8d8a\u5357\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u8fd9\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u6211\u8f6c\u5411\u8282\u5e86\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u72c2\u6b22\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u30021969\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u5934\u8111\u4e2d\uff0c\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u98ce\u4fd7\u4ee5\u53ca16\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cc\u6602\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u64b0\u5199\u300a\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u7406\u7531\u300b\uff08The Reasons of Misrule\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u5374\u53d1\u73b0\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u60ef\u7528\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5927\u58f0\u55a7\u95f9\uff08charivari\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u55a7\u5e86\u8282\u6216\u4fee\u9662\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u89c6\u4f5c\u4e00\u51fa\u8f7b\u8584\u7684\u597d\u620f\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u770b\u4f5c\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u89c6\u4f5c\u4e00\u7fa4\u538b\u6291\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u6325\u970d\u7cbe\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u5e86\u4e0a\u7a76\u7adf\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u77e5\u600e\u4e48\u7684\uff08\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u90e8\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u90e8\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u5927\u9053\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u5f80\u963f\u8bfa\u5fb7\u00b7\u8303\u00b7\u6839\u7eb3\u666e\uff08Arnold Van Gennep\uff09\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u4f5c\u54c1\uff1a\u300a\u5f53\u4ee3\u6cd5\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\u624b\u518c\u300b\uff08Manuel de folklore francais\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u5957\u4e1b\u4e66\u4f9d\u636e\u4eba\u751f\u548c\u8282\u4ee4\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u6392\u3002\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u5957\u4e66\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u4e61\u6751\u9752\u5e74\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5047\u9762\u821e\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u55a7\u95f9\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e43\u81f3\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u8303\u00b7\u6839\u7eb3\u666e\u6240\u5c55\u73b0\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\u98ce\u4fd7\u9759\u6001\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u8096\u50cf\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u8bc1\u636e\u64b0\u6587\u3002\u6211\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u70b9\u660e\uff1a\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u4fee\u9662\u7684\u66f4\u8fed\u4ee5\u53ca\u55a7\u5e86\u8282\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u90fd\u4e0e\u5a5a\u59fb\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u6297\u8bae\u6709\u5173\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u50cf\u8fd1\u8bd1\u7c73\u54c8\u4f0a\u5c14\u00b7\u5df4\u8d6b\u91d1\uff08Mikhail Bakhtin\uff09\u7684\u300a\u62c9\u4f2f\u96f7\u300b\uff08Rabelais\uff09\u6240\u8a00\uff1a\u8282\u5e86\u751f\u6d3b\u662f\u5bfb\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u9006\u8f6c\u3001\u662f\u4ee5\u5f02\u6837\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u5ba3\u6cc4\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ba3\u6cc4\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4ef7\u503c\uff1b\u5b83\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u548c\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b66\uff1a\u57c3\u6587\u65af\u00b7\u666e\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\uff08E. E. Evans-Pritchard\uff09\u3001\u7ef4\u514b\u591a\u00b7\u7279\u7eb3\uff08Victor Turner\uff09\u3001\u514b\u91cc\u798f\u5fb7\u00b7\u6208\u5c14\u8328\uff08Clifford Geertz\uff09\u3001\u897f\u5fb7\u5c3c\u00b7\u660e\u8328\uff08Sidney Mintz\uff09\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7b49\u7b49\uff08\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u70b9\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u51ef\u65af\u00b7\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\uff08Keith Thomas\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u9b54\u6cd5\u7684\u8870\u7aed\u300b\uff08Religion and the Decline of Magic\uff09\u4e2d\u8fd0\u7528\u4e86\u5e03\u6d1b\u5c3c\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u00b7\u9a6c\u6797\u8bfa\u592b\u65af\u57fa\uff08Bronislaw Malinowski\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u5e03\u6717\uff08Peter Brown\uff09\u65e9\u5e74\u5173\u4e8e\u53e4\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u7b49\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u5173\uff09\u3002\u6211\u6298\u8877\u5730\u9605\u8bfb\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53bb\u7ba1\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5bfb\u6c42\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u9762\u5bf916\u300117\u4e16\u7eaa\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7528\u5230\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5e74\u4ee3\u8303\u7574\u52a0\u4e4b\u4e8e\u66fe\u7ecf\u601d\u8003\u8fc7\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f53\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6d3b\u4eba\u548c\u901d\u8005\u3002\u6211\u5c31\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u57cb\u846c\u548c\u7eaa\u5ff5\u901d\u8005\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bb6\u5ead\u4ee5\u6781\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u57cb\u846c\u548c\u7eaa\u5ff5\u901d\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5bb6\u5ead\u4ee3\u9645\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u80fd\u591f\u601d\u8003\u5404\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u4eea\u5f0f\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u610f\u4e49\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u65e9\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u80fd\u5c31\u5176\u7ef4\u7cfb\u56e2\u4f53\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u52a0\u4ee5\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u6211\u4e66\u5199\u4e86\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u5bb4\u98e8\u8282\u5e86\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6e38\u884c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\u4ee5\u5dee\u5f02\u663e\u8457\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u8bb0\u53f7\u3001\u4e3a\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8d4b\u4ee5\u97f5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u795e\u5723\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6bd4\u8d77\u5148\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u91cc\u6602\u5370\u5237\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\uff0c\u73b0\u5982\u4eca\u6211\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u66f4\u4e3a\u654f\u9510\u7684\u773c\u5149\u770b\u5f85\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u8bc6\u5b57\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u53e3\u5934\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6280\u827a\u548c\u5929\u8d4b\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u8c1a\u8bed\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6750\u6599\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u65e9\u5e74\u95f4\u6211\u66fe\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u8fdb\u6b65\u201d\u662f\u901a\u5f80\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u8d28\u7591\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u9053\u8def\u548c\u65b0\u6559\u9053\u8def\u89c6\u4f5c\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4ec5\u4ec5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u65e7\u7684\u6216\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u548c\u9769\u65b0\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u5c0616\u300117\u4e16\u7eaa\u89c6\u4f5c\uff08\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\uff09\u8d77\u6e90\u800c\u975e\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u51e0\u4efd\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u57281975\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e13\u8457\u4e2d\uff0c\u51a0\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u6cd5\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u300b\uff08Society and Culture in Early Modern France\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u77ed\u8bed\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u65f6\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5341\u5206\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u4e14\u5bcc\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u97f5\u5473\u3002\u6211\u52aa\u529b\u7ef4\u6301\u7740\u65e9\u5e74\u95f4\u4e3a\u6211\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8d4b\u4e88\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u5b8c\u6210\u300a\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\u300b\uff08The Rites of Violence\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u66fe\u626a\u5fc3\u81ea\u95ee\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u504f\u50fb\u4e4b\u5730\uff1f \u968f\u7740\u5b97\u6559\u66b4\u52a8\uff0c16\u4e16\u7eaa\u6cd5\u56fd\u4f34\u7684\u8c0b\u6740\u548c\u5723\u7269\u4eb5\u6e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u662f\u6781\u7aef\u4e14\u4ee4\u4eba\u751f\u538c\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c55\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6076\u9b54\u9b54\u529b\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3001\u8fd8\u4e0e\u4eea\u5f0f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5730\u70b9\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4eea\u5f0f\u548c\u8282\u5e86\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6211\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u4e86\uff1f\u6211\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u8bf4\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u5c60\u6740\uff08\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u5411\u6211\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff09\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\uff1f\u6211\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u610f\u5473\u4e0a\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e2d\u589e\u5f3a\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u6216\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4fe1\u4efb\u65f6\u63d0\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u2026\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5c11\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b89\u6170\u2018\u79bb\u7ecf\u53db\u9053\u2019\u4e4b\u4e8b\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u591a\u60f3\u60f3\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4e5f\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u7279\u8272\u3002\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5730\u7406\u6e0a\u6e90\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u7406\u6027\u7684\u610f\u8da3\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\uff1b\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u201c\u505a\u4e8b\u3001\u601d\u8003\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u2014\u2014\u201c\u505a\u4e8b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\uff08facons de faire, fagons depenser, facons de dire\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4f1a\u66f4\u6709\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff0c\u51b2\u7a81\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u5e45\u56fe\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1b\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u62b5\u6297\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u88ab\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u6211\u6700\u65e9\u6240\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u5987\u5973\u548c\u6027\u522b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u613f\u666f\uff0c\u5373\u4e3a\u4e86\u67d0\u4e00\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8981\u53bb\u5efa\u7acb\u800c\u975e\u629b\u5f03\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u300a\u57ce\u5e02\u5973\u6027\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u53d8\u9769\u300b\uff08City Women and Religious Change\uff09\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d8\u6210\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u5973\u6027,\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b0\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u548c\u793c\u62dc\u4eea\u5f0f\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5438\u5f15\u5979\u4eec\u7684\uff1b\u300a\u4e0a\u5c42\u5973\u6027\u300b\uff08Woman on Top\uff09\u5219\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u8282\u5e86\u4e2d\u8863\u7740\u53cd\u7a7f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5609\u5e74\u534e\u4e2d\u6027\u522b\u53cd\u8f6c\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6db5\u4e49\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5973\u6027\u548c\u7537\u6027\u90fd\u662f\u6f14\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u6027\u522b\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u542b\u4e49\u5374\u662f\u4f18\u5148\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5987\u5973\u53f2\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4ef6\u6211\u572870\u5e74\u4ee3\u6240\u505a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u81ea\u4ece1951\u5e74\u6211\u5c06\u5173\u4e8e\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u8482\u5a1c\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u76ae\u6851\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u50a8\u5b58\u8d77\u6765\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5973\u6027\u201d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u5e76\u5f80\u5176\u4e2d\u653e\u5165\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5386\u53f2\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a16\u4e16\u7eaa\u5b55\u5987\u7684\u7a7f\u7740\u3001\u54fa\u4e73\u3001\u65ad\u5976\u95f4\u6b47\u4ee5\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\u3002\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9f13\u8d77\u5e76\u5f52\u5165\u4e66\u67dc\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u66f4\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u603b\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u90e8\u95e8\u91cc\u5c11\u6570\u5973\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5458\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u90e8\u95e8\u89c1\u9762\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u51fa\u5e2d\u7684\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u906d\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u8001\u724c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4fae\u8fb1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u79f0\u547c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e3a\u67d0\u67d0\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5374\u53eb\u6211\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u5973\u58eb\u3002\u7ecf\u5e74\u7d2f\u6708\u5730\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u90a3\u4e2a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u201d\u800c\u540e\u662f\u201c\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u5206\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u5341\u5206\u575a\u5f3a\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u8d70\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u66fe\u83b7\u5f97\u8fc7\u5e2e\u52a9\uff08\u6211\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\u5e03\u6717\u5927\u5b66\u4e00\u4f4d\u8001\u6559\u6388\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5979\u672c\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u8fc7\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u8fd8\u51fa\u7248\u8fc7\u82f1\u56fd\u53f2\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5979\u4eec\u90a3\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5df2\u5a5a\u5987\u5973\u83b7\u5f97\u6559\u804c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u5979\u5c06\u5979\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u888d\u62ab\u5728\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u53bb\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7a7f\u4e0a\u8fd9\u8eab\u535a\u58eb\u670d\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u80fd\u60f3\u5230\u5979\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5386\u90fd\u5728\u6559\u7ed9\u6211\uff0c\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u6027\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u6700\u597d\u8fd8\u662f\u4ee5\u52a1\u5b9e\u548c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u6765\u505a\u5973\u6027\u300260\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u4e0e\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5973\u7855\u58eb\u751f\u5171\u4e8b\u5e76\u6539\u53d8\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u5883\u51b5\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u5f53\u52a1\u4e4b\u6025\u3002\u7b49\u523070\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u7684\u5973\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u5df2\u5982\u7e41\u82b1\u7efd\u653e\u3001\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u667a\u8bc6\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b0\u5174\u5987\u5973\u53f2\u7684\u5148\u950b\u5409\u5c14\u00b7\u5eb7\u97e6\uff0c\u5728\u91cd\u601d\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e2d\u5973\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u6210\u679c\u4e30\u7855\u7684\u7684\u5df2\u7adf\u7814\u7a76\u30021971\u5e74\uff0c\u5409\u5c14\u548c\u6211\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u9996\u95e8\u5987\u5973\u53f2\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff1a\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4e24\u6027\u201d\uff08Society and the Sexes in Early Modern Europe and in America\uff09\uff1b\u6211\u5f00\u8bbe\u4e86\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u8482\u5a1c\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u76ae\u6851\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u81ea\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u4ece\u4e8b\u5173\u4e8e\u5979\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u3002\u54e6\u5bf9\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5174\u594b\u8513\u5ef6\u5728\u6559\u5e08\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u4e4b\u95f4\uff1a\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u73cd\u672c\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u548c\u6863\u6848\u9986\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u6279\u539f\u59cb\u53f2\u6599\uff0c\u8fd8\u8de8\u8d8a\u7740\u5317\u7f8e\u5927\u9646\u8fdb\u884c\u53c2\u8003\u4e66\u76ee\u53ca\u6458\u8981\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5987\u5973\u53f2\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u672c\u6765\u671f\u5f85\u7740\u80fd\u6709\u767e\u5341\u53f7\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5374\u53d1\u73b0\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u8db3\u6709\u4e24\u5343\u4f59\u4f17\u3002\u5bf9\u6211\u3001\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u6b21\u5b66\u79d1\u95f4\u7684\u8de8\u8d8a\uff1a\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u6709\u5173\u5987\u5973\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4ece\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5230\u6587\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u5b9a\u6e05\u7b97\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6027\u522b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u9898\u6750\u5f88\u96be\u5f97\u5230\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7f16\u7e82\u5b66\u7684\uff08historiographical\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\uff1a\u53f2\u5bb6\u5728\u8003\u5bdf\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u548c\u5730\u533a\u5973\u7537\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6f14\u53d8\u53ca\u6982\u5ff5\u65f6\u3001\u5728\u91cd\u4f30\u50cf\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u6216\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u5973\u6027\u8f7d\u5165\u4e86\u53f2\u518c\uff08\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u5973\u6027\u90fd\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

UC Berkeley History Department – University of California, Berkeley Natalie Zemon Davis (1971-1978) | Department of History<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u5c06\u8981\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5411\u6211\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u672c16\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u53d6\u81ea\u6cd5\u5b66\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff0c\u7531\u6cd5\u5b98\u8ba9\u00b7\u5fb7\u79d1\u62c9\u65af\uff08Jean de Coras\uff09\u6240\u8457\uff0c\u51a0\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u96be\u5fd8\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u300b\uff08Memorable Decree\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u6869\u8457\u540d\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u6b3a\u8bc8\u6848\uff1a\u6545\u4e8b\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6bd4\u5229\u725b\u65af\u5c71\u9e93\u7684\u6751\u5e84\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7537\u4eba\u4f3c\u4e4e\u88ab\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e08\u592b\u957f\u8fbe\u4e09\u5e74\u4e43\u81f3\u66f4\u4e45\u3002\u6211\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u62cd\u6210\u4e00\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\uff01\u201d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u51b2\u52a8\uff1f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u66ff\u6211\u7236\u4eb2\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ed6\u90a3\u6d6a\u6f2b\u7684\u620f\u5267\u68a6\uff1f\u6216\u662f\u52a9\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c11\u5e74\u65f6\u62cd\u6444\u7eaa\u5f55\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u800c\u4f5c\u7684\u7a81\u7136\u52aa\u529b\uff1f<\/p>\n

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\u4e09\u5e74\u540e\uff0c1980\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e0e\u8457\u540d\u7f16\u5267\u8ba9\u00b7\u514b\u52b3\u5fb7\u2022\u5361\u91cc\u57c3\u5c14\uff08Jean Claude Carriere\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e74\u8f7b\u5bfc\u6f14\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u7ef4\u6d85\uff08Daniel Vigne\uff09\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u4e00\u8d77\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u300a\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u76d6\u5c14\u5f52\u6765\u300b\uff08Le Retour de Martin Guerre\uff09\u7684\u5267\u672c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5341\u5206\u5e78\u8fd0\u5730\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u9082\u9005\uff0c\u90a3\u51e0\u5468\uff0c\u6211\u6b63\u4e3a\u4e86\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u76d6\u5c14\u5bfb\u627e\u5bfc\u6f14\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u76d6\u5c14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9898\u6750\u8c0b\u5212\u4e00\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\u4e86\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6869\u6b3a\u8bc8\u6848\u540c\u65f6\u4e14\u72ec\u81ea\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0c\u5373\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u6587\u5316\u5171\u9e23\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u663e\u9732\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff09\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u786e\u5b9e\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u5411\u5916\u6765\u5ba2\u6253\u62db\u547c\u7684\u6751\u6c11\uff1b\u56f4\u5750\u5728\u706b\u5806\u65c1\u6253\u9020\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u804a\u5929\u3001\u8bb2\u6545\u4e8b\uff1b\u4e89\u8fa9\uff1b\u5e94\u5bf9\u5ba1\u5224\u2014\u2014\u6784\u60f3\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u573a\u666f\u90fd\u4f7f\u6211\u5306\u5fd9\u8dd1\u56de\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u53bb\u53d1\u73b0\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4f3c\u662f\u800c\u975e\u7684\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u6f14\u5458\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u626e\u6f1416\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ea4\u8c08\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u53f2\u5b66\u65e8\u8da3\u7684\u201c\u8bc1\u636e\u201d\u3002\u201c\u5982\u679c\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u76d6\u5c14\u53ea\u5173\u5fc3\u94b1\u8d22\uff0c\u6211\u6ca1\u6cd5\u626e\u6f14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u201d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6f14\u5458\u8bf4\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u9970\u6f14\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u76d6\u5c14\u7684\u53d4\u53d4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6751\u6c11\u6700\u521d\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u76d6\u5c14\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u662f\u4ed6\u9996\u5148\u544a\u53d1\u4e86\u5192\u5145\u8005\u3002\u201c\u4f60\u8bf4\u5f97\u5bf9\uff0c\u201d\u6211\u56de\u7b54\u9053\uff0c\u8fb9\u8bf4\u8fb9\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u955c\u5934\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u76d6\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u5bf9\u6000\u7591\u548c\u6b3a\u9a97\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u5fe7\u8651\u3002\u5a1c\u5854\u8389\u00b7\u8d1d\u4f0a\uff08Nathalie Baye\uff09\u9970\u6f14\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u76d6\u5c14\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5979\u6b63\u51c6\u5907\u8868\u6f14\u76f4\u5230\u771f\u9a6c\u4e01\u6b65\u5165\u6cd5\u5ead\u65f6\u624d\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u5fe0\u90a3\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u8d1d\u4f0a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u9762\u5bf9\u8bc8\u9a97\u540c\u8c0b\u7684\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u8d1d\u7279\u6717\u00b7\u5fb7\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u523b\u8fd8\u7b49\u7740\u88ab\u62ef\u6551\u201d\u3002\u201c\u5979\u6ca1\u7b49\u90a3\u4e48\u4e45\uff0c\u201d\u6211\u56de\u7b54\u9053\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u519c\u6751\u5987\u5973\uff0c\u5979\u6700\u7ec8\u8d77\u8bc9\u4e86\u5192\u540d\u9876\u66ff\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u7acb\u4e8e\u4e0d\u8d25\u4e4b\u5730\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6f14\u5458\u7684\u8bdd\u5f53\u4f5c\u8bba\u636e\uff08proof\uff09\u5f15\u7528\u5728\u6211\u4e13\u8457\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff1a\u5728\u8be0\u91ca\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6750\u6599\u548c\u7530\u91ce\u6750\u6599\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u6b63\u671d\u7740\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u8fc8\u8fdb\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

The Return of Martin Guerre (1982)<\/p>\n

1982\u5e74\u4e0a\u6620\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u76d6\u5c14\u5f52\u6765\u300b\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u7ef4\u6d85\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5229\u725b\u65af\u5c71\u9e93\u519c\u6751\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7f8e\u4e3d\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u4eba\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9898\u6750\u64b0\u5199\u4e00\u90e8\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u4e13\u8457\u4e86\u3002\u94f6\u5e55\u4e2d\u7684\u8d1d\u7279\u6717\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u88ab\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ca\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u620f\u5267\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff1b\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u4e5f\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u6216\u7701\u7565\u4e86\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u56ca\u62ec\u8fdb\u7535\u5f71\u6216\u5728\u94f6\u5e55\u4e0a\u96be\u4ee5\u70b9\u660e\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002\u6bd4\u8d77\u6563\u6587\u4f53\uff0c\u7535\u5f71\u5a92\u4ecb\u8fd8\u5f88\u5e74\u8f7b\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u529b\u975e\u5e38\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u4f46\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bb9\u7eb3\u5176\u5b83\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5f53\u6b63\u7247\u65f6\u957f\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u4ee5\u5185\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57c3\u9a6c\u7ebd\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u52d2\u534e\u62c9\u675c\u91cc\u548c\u5361\u6d1b\u00b7\u91d1\u5179\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Carlo Ginzburg\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u64b0\u5199\u4ed6\u4eec\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u53f2\uff1a\u524d\u8005\u57281975\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u300a\u8499\u5854\u5c24\u300b\uff08Montaillou\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u57281976\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u300a\u5976\u916a\u4e0e\u86c6\u866b\u300b\uff08Cheese and Worms\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fae\u89c2\u53f2\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6563\u6587\u4f53\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f00\u62d3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u89e6\u5fae\u89c2\u53f2\uff08\u6216\u6211\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5b66\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6211\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u4e13\u8457\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u6211\u76ee\u529b\u6240\u53ca\u7684\u4e61\u6751\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u7aed\u529b\u5c06\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u76d6\u5c14\u7684\u201c\u975e\u51e1\u4f20\u5947\u201d\u53d8\u5f97\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6211\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u519c\u6c11\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u62e5\u6709\u8d22\u5bcc\u4e0e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u3001\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u5730\u8bfb\u7740\u8ba9\u00b7\u5fb7\u79d1\u62c9\u65af\u7684\u4e66\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u5192\u540d\u9876\u66ff\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5efa\u6784\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5982\u8499\u7530\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u5851\u9020\u201d\uff08self-fashioning\uff09\u3002\u53d7\u5230\u601d\u8003\u7535\u5f71\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6563\u6587\u4f53\u6545\u4e8b\u8bb2\u4e24\u904d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u904d\u5c31\u6309\u5b83\u6240\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u548c\u5404\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u5728\u6751\u5e84\u4e2d\u6240\u88ab\u770b\u5230\u7684\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u904d\u662f\u6309\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u8bb2\u8ff0\u8005\u6240\u91cd\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u8bb2\u8ff0\u8005\u6709\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e2d\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u6cd5\u5b98\u5fb7\u79d1\u62c9\u65af\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8499\u7530\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u5411\u8bfb\u8005\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u8ba4\u540c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n

1982\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\u9996\u6b21\u516c\u6620\uff0c\u4e13\u8457\u4e5f\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u505a\u4e86\u8fd1\u56db\u5e74\u7684\u6559\u6388\u3002\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u4e0e\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u52e4\u751f\u6d3b\u8981\u7b80\u5355\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u5f80\u6765\u4e8e\u5c0f\u9547\u548c\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u503c\u5f97\u3002\u82e5\u8bf4\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u662f\u6211\u572870\u5e74\u4ee3\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u798f\u5730\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5219\u662f\u6211\u572880\u5e74\u4ee3\u5bf9\u7535\u5f71\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u798f\u5730\u3002\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u751f\u6d3b\u7d27\u51d1\u3001\u6587\u660e\u3001\u5bcc\u6709\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u5bf9\u5176\u98ce\u8c8c\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd1\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u00b7\u65af\u901a\uff08Lawrence Stone\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u4e86\u8c22\u5c14\u6bd4\u00b7\u5361\u6d1b\u59c6\u00b7\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Shelby Cullom Davis Center for Historical Studies\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u667a\u8bc6\u4e0a\u7684\u6fc0\u60c5\u3002\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u4f11\u65af\u514b\uff08Carl Schorske\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u6211\u5f88\u73cd\u60dc\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\uff0c\u6211\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u3001\u8fd8\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u671f\uff0c\u6211\u4e0e\u514b\u91cc\u798f\u5fb7\u00b7\u683c\u91cc\u8328\uff08Clifford Geertz\uff09\u5408\u4f5c\u6559\u6388\u4e86\u4e00\u95e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u91cc\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u3001\u6210\u4e3a\u9662\u7cfb\u4e2d\u4e00\u5c0f\u64ae\u5973\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u52aa\u529b\u6539\u5584\u7740\u201c\u90a3\u79cd\u6027\u522b\u201d\uff08the sex\uff09\uff08\u5973\u6027\u572818\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c31\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u90a3\u79cd\u6027\u522b\u201d\uff09\u7684\u5883\u9047\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u52aa\u529b\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u6211\u518d\u6b21\u56e0\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u9879\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5b50\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u6fc0\u52b1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53d7\u5230\u5982\u6b64\u591a\u5b66\u751f\u652f\u6301\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u7684\u9662\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6709\u5973\u5b66\u751f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff08\u4e00\u4e9b\u5973\u7855\u58eb\u751f\u57281969\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\u9996\u6b21\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u91cc\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u6837\u5316\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u60ca\u559c\u6b63\u7b49\u7740\u6211\u3002\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u628a\u5b83\u770b\u4f5c\u5e38\u9752\u85e4\u6821\u76df\u4e2d\u6700\u201c\u975e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5370\u8c61\u65e9\u57281957\u5e74\u4fbf\u5df2\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u786e\u5b9e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6211\u8be5\u505a\u70b9\u4ec0\u4e48\u6765\u9707\u60ca\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u975e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff1f\u4ece\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u53d1\u51fa\u65f6\u6211\u5c31\u95ee\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u6211\u80fd\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e00\u4e9b\u72b9\u592a\u53f2\u6559\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u72b9\u592a\u5987\u5973\u548c\u7537\u4eba\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u81ea\u4f20\u4f53\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5728\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4e24\u6027\u201d\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6211\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u53d1\u6398\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u5230\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u53d8\u4e86\uff1a\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u6240\u996e\u98df\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u996e\u98df\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b9\u592a\u98df\u5802\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u79d1\u6069\uff08Mark Cohen\uff09\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u5b66\u8005\u5df2\u53d7\u8058\u4ece\u4e8b\u72b9\u592a\u53f2\u6559\u5b66\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u4e8b\uff0c\u6211\u8d1f\u8d23\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u79d1\u6069\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u3002\u56f4\u7ed5\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u6027\u522b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7740\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u79d1\u6069\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u6587\u672c\u6750\u6599\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e13\u5bb6\u610f\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6b21\u6559\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u72b9\u592a\u793e\u4f1a\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u5bcc\u88d5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4ee4\u4eba\u9676\u9189\uff0c\u5728\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u65b0\u6559\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u793e\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u9976\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6211\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u548c\u6211\u51fa\u7248\u4e8617\u4e16\u7eaa\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u72b9\u592a\u5b66\u8005\u83b1\u6602\u00b7\u6469\u5fb7\u7eb3\uff08Leon Modena\uff09\u7684\u81ea\u4f20,\u7531\u9a6c\u514b\u8bd1\u81ea\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u66fe\u67e5\u9605\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u4f17\u5bb6\u5ead\u53f2\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u4f20\u7b49\u6750\u6599\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u540d\u8a89\u4e0e\u9690\u79d8\u300b\uff08Fame and Secrecy\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u67e5\u9605\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u72b9\u592a\u81ea\u4f20\u7684\u624b\u7a3f\uff08\u572818\u4e16\u7eaa\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u58f0\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b9\u592a\u4f20\u8bb0\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\uff09\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u628a\u83b1\u6602\u5199\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u5411\u4eba\u4eec\u5448\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u505a\u6cd5\u5bf9\u601d\u8003\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5728\u5987\u5973\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6027\u522b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6240\u5c1d\u8bd5\u505a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u72b9\u592a\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u4f20\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u535a\u5b66\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u8d4c\u5f92\u6770\u7f57\u62c9\u83ab\u00b7\u5361\u5c14\u8fbe\u8bfa\uff08Girolamo Cardano\uff09\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u81ea\u4f20\u4f5c\u54c1\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u5efa\u6784\u73b0\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5185\u5916\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\uff0c\u81ea\u4f20\u4f5c\u54c1\u8fd8\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u5bf9\u53ec\u5524\u6211\u4ece\u4e8b\u804c\u4e1a\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u76d6\u5c14\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5c31\u662f\u6210\u767e\u4e0a\u5343\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u7687\u5ba4\u6069\u8d66\u6740\u4eba\u72af\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\u3002\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7d20\u6750\u5f53\u4f5c\u91cc\u6602\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u53f2\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6cd5\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u52fe\u753b\u51fa\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u665a\u671f\u548c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u72af\u7f6a\u53ca\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u6211\u5f88\u94a6\u4f69\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6765\u81ea\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u9636\u5c42\u7537\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u90e8\u5206\u5973\u6027\u7684\u7d20\u6750\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u8bb2\u6545\u4e8b\uff08storytelling\uff09\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\u88ab\u5851\u9020\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u8d66\u514d\u6cd5\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5e76\u53d6\u60a6\u56fd\u738b\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u90e8\u4e0b\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u5185\u5ef7\u6284\u5199\u5458\u7684\u7b14\u6240\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bb8\u591a\u8bb2\u8ff0\u8005\u90fd\u8bfb\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u7a3f\u672c\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u80cc\u666f\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u54c1\u5473\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u65e2\u6709\u5bfb\u6c42\u8d66\u514d\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5bfb\u6c42\u8d66\u514d\u8005\u7684\u90bb\u91cc\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u8d66\u514d\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u771f\u7406\u7684\u8bb2\u8ff0\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u300a\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u865a\u6784\u300b\u4e2d\u6587\u8bd1\u672c<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5c06\u300a\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u865a\u6784\u300b\uff08Fiction in the Archives\uff09\u732e\u7ed9\u4e86\u52b3\u4f26\u00b7\u65af\u901a\uff08\u52b3\u4f26\u00b7\u65af\u901a\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u64c5\u957f\u8bb2\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4e9b\u8bb8\u60ca\u6115\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u865a\u6784\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4f2a\u9020\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8a00\u884c\u4e2d\u4e00\u5207\u7cbe\u5fc3\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u6211\u5e76\u975e\u5728\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e00\u9879\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u53cd\u57fa\u7840\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6863\u6848\u5931\u53bb\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6863\u6848\u5c55\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e16\u4e16\u7eaa\u65b0\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff1a\u5373\u201c\u4eba\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u8c08\u8bba\u4e8b\u60c5\u201d\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u4e00\u5207\u7cbe\u5fc3\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u9760\u8be0\u91ca\u201d\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u521a\u4e00\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u5148\u950b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e0a\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b64\u72ec\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u8bb2\u6545\u4e8b\uff08storytelling\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6b63\u5728\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u70ed\u8bae\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff1b\u5728\u53f2\u5bb6\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u201c\u6863\u6848\u7684\u865a\u6784\u201d\u7a81\u7136\u5f00\u59cb\u5230\u5904\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u57281989\u5e74\u4ee5\u53ca20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u6211\u6295\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5c06\u6211\u8fc7\u53bb\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u4e32\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u6d77\u57df\u4e0e\u65f7\u91ce\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u4e8b\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u5e78\u8fd0\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5176\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u8fb9\u7f18\u5973\u4eba\u300b\uff08Women on the Margins\uff09\u3002\u8d77\u521d\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u4ece\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4e24\u6027\u201d\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5c06\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4f5c\u4e3a17\u4e16\u7eaa\u57ce\u5e02\u5973\u6027\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7cfb\u5217\u3002\u72b9\u592a\u5546\u4eba\u683c\u4e3d\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u5df4\u65af\u00b7\u5c24\u8fbe\u00b7\u83b1\u5e03\uff08Glikl bas Judah Leib\uff09\u6765\u81ea\u6c49\u5821\u4e0e\u6885\u8328\uff1b\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5de5\u5320\u3001\u6559\u5e08\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u76d6\u4e9a\u7279\uff08Marie Guyart de I\u2019 Incarnation\uff09\u6765\u81ea\u56fe\u5c14\u65af\u548c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\uff1b\u6e05\u6559\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u3001\u6606\u866b\u5b66\u8005\u739b\u4e3d\u4e9a\u00b7\u897f\u78a7\u62c9\u00b7\u6885\u91cc\u5b89\uff08Maria Sibylla Merian\uff09\u6765\u81ea\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\u3001\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\u4e0e\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u4e09\u4eba\u90fd\u7ed3\u4e86\u5a5a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5a5a\u59fb\u751f\u6d3b\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u5979\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1b\u5979\u4eec\u4e09\u4eba\u5728\u751f\u540e\u90fd\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u6587\u672c\uff1a\u683c\u4e3d\u514b\u5c14\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u610f\u7b2c\u7eea\u8bed\u81ea\u4f20\u3001\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u76d6\u4e9a\u7279\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u4f20\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u4ee5\u767e\u8ba1\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u4e1c\u90e8\u4e1b\u6797\u4e2d\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\u3001\u739b\u4e3d\u4e9a\u00b7\u897f\u78a7\u5b89\u00b7\u6885\u91cc\u5b89\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4fe1\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5979\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u82cf\u91cc\u5357\u7684\u6606\u866b\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u8bc4\u4f30\u5979\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6027\u522b\u548c\u6027\u522b\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff1b\u4e00\u6b21\u8003\u5bdf\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff1b\u4e00\u6b21\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u548c\u517b\u80b2\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u6211\u5c06\u628a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fae\u89c2\u53f2\u5f15\u5165\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e09\u4f4d\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u9879\u53ec\u5524\u6211\u5f88\u4e45\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a\u6211\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5bf9\u6cd5\u8bed\u8bed\u8a00\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5b66\u7740\u53bb\u9605\u8bfb\u5916\u7956\u6bcd\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u610f\u7b2c\u7eea\u8bed\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u5bf9\u6211\u9020\u6210\u5de8\u5927\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u72b9\u592a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u5f53\u7956\u6bcd\u4e86\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u8377\u5170\u3001\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u4ee5\u53ca\u82cf\u91cc\u5357\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4efd\u8d60\u793c\u3002<\/p>\n

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