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Merian\uff0c1593 &#8211; 1650\uff09\u4e3a\u8bd7\u6b4c\u914d\u7684\u94dc\u7248\u753b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u745e\u58eb\u7684\u753b\u5bb6\u4ee5\u753b\u5723\u7ecf\u63d2\u56fe\u548c\u63cf\u7ed830\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7248\u753b\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u540d\u6c14\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u63d2\u56fe\u4e0b\u65b9\u662f\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u6b4c\u8bcd\u5168\u6587\uff086\u884c\uff09\uff0c\u4e0e\u524d\u4e00\u9875\u4e0b\u65b9\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u5fb7\u8bd1\u5e73\u884c\u5bf9\u7167\u3002\u968f\u540e\u4e24\u9875\uff08\u7b2c3 &#8211; 4\u9875\uff09\u662f\u6563\u6587\u4f53\u7684\u70bc\u91d1\u672f\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u4e0e\u5361\u519c\u66f2\u3001\u8bd7\u6b4c\u548c\u63d2\u56fe\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u56db\u91cd\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img 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Fugiens\uff0c\u9ad8\u58f0\u90e8\uff09\uff0c\u201c\u8ddf\u968f\u7684\u5e0c\u6ce2\u58a8\u6d85\u65af\u201d\uff08Hippomenes sequens\uff0c\u4e2d\u58f0\u90e8\uff09\u548c\u201c\u843d\u4e0b\u7684\u679c\u5b9e\u201d\uff08Pomum morans\uff0c\u4f4e\u58f0\u90e8\uff09\u3002\u6309\u7167\u67d0\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5361\u519c\u7684\u65cb\u5f8b\u8d70\u52bf\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u5bf9\u7acb\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u201d\uff1a\u4f4e\u6c89\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u4f4e\u58f0\u90e8\uff08\u6709\u8282\u594f\u5730\u843d\u5730\u7684\u82f9\u679c\uff09\u5bd3\u610f\u8d2a\u604b\u5c18\u4e16\uff0c\u8f7b\u76c8\u98d8\u5ffd\u7684\u9ad8\u58f0\u90e8\uff08\u6377\u8db3\u7684\u963f\u5854\u5170\u5fd2\uff09\u5bd3\u610f\u9003\u79bb\u6b64\u4e16\uff08\u62d2\u7edd\u6210\u5a5a\uff09\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4e2d\u58f0\u90e8\u5219\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f13\u6162\u60a0\u957f\u7684Basso Continuo[\u901a\u594f\u4f4e\u97f3]\u4e0e\u9ad8\u97f3\u90e8\u8f7b\u76c8\u6da3\u6563\u7684\u4e50\u97f3\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u8282\u5236\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u8d8b\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u5408\u6210\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u4e00\u4f53\u3002[29]<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u8ba9\u7b14\u8005\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u97f3\u4e50\u5728\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u7684\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u300b\u4e2d\u5360\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u5929\u8c61\u5b66\u4e0e\u97f3\u4e50\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u81ea\u6bd5\u8fbe\u54e5\u62c9\u65af &#8211; \u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4f20\u7edf\u3002[30] 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&#8211; 1650\uff09\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u201c\u6bb5\u5b50\u201d\uff1a\u5728\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5730\u533a\u7684\u519b\u961f\u91cc\u670d\u5f79\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u5230\u5904\u5bfb\u627e\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\u60f3\u8981\u52a0\u5165\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5374\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0d\u5f97\u5176\u95e8\u800c\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/17757167869264O9k7L.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-09T06%3A39%3A48Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2Fff570e7c41053cf7d577fa345ee3ec79ab1bc6682bb87f374d80a7b496110015\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2 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src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775716814067epgY4Q.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-09T06%3A40%3A15Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F60564deb63c548101a289f2c02b3398fbfdf3d3e32ae30007f4a211e2c59224c\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2 Astrologie \uff08\u5360\u661f\u672f\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u8457\u540d\u5b66\u58eb\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u8328\uff081646 &#8211; 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rhetoric\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\u73a9\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u5374\u8bf4\uff0c\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u8328\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u6210\u5458\u3002\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8c01\u8eab\u4e3a\u79d8\u5bc6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3b\u52a8\u66b4\u9732\u81ea\u5df1\uff1a\u5bf9\u8001\u5a46\u90fd\u4fdd\u5bc6\uff0c\u9051\u8bba\u7ed9\u670b\u53cb\u5199\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65bd\u7f57\u5fb7\uff08W. von Schroeder\uff0c1640 &#8211; 1688\uff09\u6301\u76f8\u53cd\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u6dec\u91d1\u5fc5\u4fee\u8bfe\u300b\uff081684\uff09\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\u662f\u65b0\u6d3e\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u4eba\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6253\u7740\u4e0d\u7a7f\u5236\u670d\u7684\u4fee\u58eb\u7684\u65d7\u53f7\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u91ca\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u7531\u6b64\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7f57\u68ee\u514b\u7f57\u4f0a\u5179\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u5386\u53f2\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u5047\u540d\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u57f9\u6839\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u76f4\u523018\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u65b0\u6d3e\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7ecf\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u533f\u540d\u6216\u5047\u540d\u5199\u4f5c\u3002[35]<\/p>\n<p>\u5e2d\u5377\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u72b6\u51b5\u624d\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8d28\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u65b0\u751f\u8d44\u4ea7\u8005\u53cd\u5bf9\u6559\u6743\u548c\u738b\u6743\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u771f\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u904d\u5e03\u6b27\u6d32\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e5f\u751f\u6839\u5f00\u82b1\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u731b\u589e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775716858466zvnVGD.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-09T06%3A40%3A59Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2Fcbaa83f562582cb005a454971577f9bf7d282067dc14852ebffa4788c455e58d\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2 Napoleonic Wars \uff08\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u6218\u4e89\u6cb9\u753b \u753b\u5bb6 :Kennedy 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\u2013 1941\uff09\u5728\u5176\u300a\u6cd5\u672f\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5149\u7167\u6d3e\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5c31\u7f16\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u7f57\u68ee\u514b\u7f57\u4f0a\u8328\u51fa\u751f\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002[36] \u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u7f57\u68ee\u514b\u7f57\u4f0a\u8328\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u56fe\u6797\u6839\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u53eb\u683c\u5c14\u58a8\u5c14\u97f6\u68ee\uff08Germelschausen\uff09\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bb6\u65cf\u4fe1\u5949\u53d1\u7aef\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u5357\u90e8\u5c0f\u9547\uff08Albi\uff09\u7684\u963f\u5c14\u6bd4\u6559\u6d3e\uff08Albigensians\uff0c\u5373\u53f2\u4e0a\u8457\u540d\u7684Chatharism\uff3b\u6e05\u6d01\u6d3e\uff3d\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u8d35\u65cf\u5b54\u62c9\u5fb7\uff08L. Conrad of Thuringia\uff09\u706d\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u5bb6\u65cf\u3002[37]\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u7f57\u68ee\u514b\u7f57\u4f0a\u8328\u5e74\u4ec55\u5c81\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4ed6\u5e78\u514d\u9047\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9a6c\u683c\u96f7\u662f\u201c\u8d6b\u8033\u58a8\u65af\u6559\u201d\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u963f\u5c14\u6bd4\u6559\u6d3e\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u5730\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u591a\u4ea7\u7684\u8bd7\u4eba\u548c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7f16\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6545\u4e8b\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u662f\u53f2\u6599\u3002\u9a6c\u683c\u96f7\u8fd8\u5199\u8fc7\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u5149\uff1a\u5b54\u5b50\u4f20\u300b\uff08La Lumi\u00e8re de la Chine. Le Roman de Confucius\uff0c1927\uff09\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9760\u8c31\uff1f[38]<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcb\u5b81\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u4f5c\u5bb6\u548c\u8bd7\u4eba\u53d6\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5c3d\u7528\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7aed\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u8d44\u6e90\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5e15\u62c9\u4e39\uff08J. P\u00e9ladin\uff0c1858 &#8211; 1918\uff09\u5929\u751f\u5bcc\u6709\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u827a\u672f\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u65e9\u5e74\u7740\u8ff7\u8fbe\u82ac\u5947\uff0c\u4e5f\u5d07\u62dc\u74e6\u683c\u7eb3\u6b4c\u5267\u3002\u4ed6\u57281890\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c1892\u5e74\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u8457\u540d\u753b\u5eca\uff08Durand-Ruel\uff09\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u6c99\u9f99\u201d\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5f53\u7136\u90fd\u662f\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u548c\u8bd7\u4eba\u4e4b\u7c7b\u3002\u4ee5\u540e\u4ed6\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e3e\u529e\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u529e\u4e865\u5e74\u3002[39]<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775716886171hmDrf6.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-09T06%3A41%3A27Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F3e922c9a2cef326f90e9e6a576484e9c0a066c5ae5ba32a555d0b91f468a0eed\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2 \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e3e\u529e\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u6c99\u9f99\u201d\u7684Durand-Ruel\u753b\u5eca<\/p>\n<p>\u79bb\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5b66\u8005\u57c3\u79d1\uff081932 &#8211; 2016\uff09\u572848\u5c81\u90a3\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u73ab\u7470\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u300b\uff081980\uff09\u5f15\u8d77\u8f70\u52a8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u7206\u5f97\u5927\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e0e\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\u4f20\u8bf4\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u4e0e\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cbe\u795e\u7b26\u53f7\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\uff0c\u57c3\u79d1\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u501f\u7528\u4e2d\u53e4\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u8457\u540d\u50e7\u4fa3\u5b66\u8005\u963f\u4f2f\u62c9\u5c14\uff081079 &#8211; 1142\uff09\u7684\u8bdd\u795e\u79d8\u516e\u516e\u5730\u8bf4\uff1anulla rosa est\uff3b\u73ab\u7470\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\uff3d\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u968f\u540e\u5217\u4e3e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5173\u4e8e\u73ab\u7470\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u663e\u5f97\u4e0d\u7ecf\u610f\u5730\u968f\u53e3\u63d0\u5230\u201c\u5341\u5b57\u73ab\u7470\u201d\u3002[40]<\/p>\n<p>8\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u57c3\u79d1\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u5085\u79d1\u6446\u300b\uff081988\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u4ed6\u771f\u7684\u628a\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\u4f20\u8bf4\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u7d20\u6750\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f16\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u8ba9\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e0e\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff1a1980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7c73\u5170\u4e00\u5bb6\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e74\u8f7b\u7f16\u8f91\u51fa\u4e8e\u201c\u597d\u73a9\u201d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e24\u4f4d\u5e74\u8f7b\u540c\u4e8b\u4e00\u8d77\u5c06\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u4f20\u8bf4\u7f16\u7ec7\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u8863\u65e0\u7f1d\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u201c\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u5f92\u52b3\u5730\u597d\u5947\u548c\u8ffd\u5bfb\u3002\u5168\u4e66\u5171120\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8282\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8282\u4ee5\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u67d0\u90e8\u4e0e\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u5f00\u7bc7\u3002\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4f5c\u54c1\u4ec5\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u300a\u5144\u5f1f\u4f1a\u4f20\u8bf4\u300b\u51fa\u73b0\u4e863\u6b21\uff0c\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u5219\u51fa\u73b0\u4e865\u6b21\u3002[41] \u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9690\u79d8\u94ed\u6587\u548c\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u7f16\u6210\u7684\u8c1c\u8bed\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u590d\u73b0\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e94\u3001\u4ece\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u5230\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1614\u5e74\u81f31616\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u4f20\u8bf4\u300b\u300a\u544a\u767d\u300b\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u63a5\u8e35\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u663e\u5f97\u662f\u4e00\u9635\u201c\u55a7\u56b7\u201d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u5982\u6b64\u6548\u679c\u3002\u4f46\u201c\u55a7\u56b7\u201d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u771f\u7684\u5982\u9ea6\u8036\u5c14\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u201c\u7f04\u53e3\u4e0d\u8a00\u201d\u4e86\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>18\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u574a\u95f4\u7a81\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u7528\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u5199\u7684\u81ea\u4f20\u300a\u672c\u4eba\u4eb2\u81ea\u5199\u4e0b\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u300b\uff08Vita ab ipso conscripta\uff09\u7684\u5fb7\u6587\u8bd1\u672c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u79bb\u4e16\u5df2\u7ecf\u76f8\u9694\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u534a\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002[42]\u5728\u8fd9\u90e8\u79bb\u4e16\u524d12\u5e74\uff081642\uff09\u5199\u4e0b\u7684\u81ea\u4f20\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u8bf4\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u5199\u8fd9\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u65f6\u624d19\u5c81\uff081605\uff09\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u8ba9\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8bf4\uff0c\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u662fludibrium\uff3b\u641e\u7b11\uff3d\u4e4b\u4f5c\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5632\u5f04\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\u3002[43]<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73a9\u7b11\u5f00\u5f97\u5b9e\u5728\u592a\u5927\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6770\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u4ecd\u7136\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u574a\u95f4\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u628a\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0e\u300a\u4f20\u8bf4\u300b\u548c\u300a\u544a\u767d\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u89c6\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u5c31\u628a\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u89c6\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u90e8\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4f20\u8bb0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u5bf9\u6b64\u652f\u652f\u543e\u543e\uff0c\u8bed\u7109\u4e0d\u8be6\uff0c\u6ca1\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u300a\u4f20\u8bf4\u300b\u548c\u300a\u544a\u767d\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u8bf4\u4e0d\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u7f6e\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u5f53\u6ca1\u542c\u89c1\uff0c\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u53f2\u5b66\u516c\u6848\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5f88\u590d\u6742\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775716935165B1CXCf.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-09T06%3A42%3A16Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F94f4ab0755f86ea5f448836939e3bd73f45b0c134f83176a12f8a8e2f10f29b0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2 Secret Symbols of the Rosicrucians\u63d2\u56fe<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u771f\u7684\u662f\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff1f\u4ed6\u5728\u81ea\u4f20\u4e2d\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u5417\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5012\u4e0d\u96be\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u732e\u8003\u8bc1\u4e43\u81f3\u6587\u4f53\u5b66\u7684\u8fa8\u8bc6\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6587\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u786e\u5982\u4ed6\u5728\u81ea\u4f20\u4e2d\u5766\u9648\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u662f\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u751f\u524d\u662f\u5f53\u5730\u5fb7\u9ad8\u671b\u91cd\u7684\u65b0\u6559\u7267\u5e08\u548c\u957f\u8001\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3a\u4eba\u54c1\u5fb7\u4e5f\u8ba9\u4eba\u5f88\u96be\u8bbe\u60f3\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5192\u5145\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u4f55\u51b5\uff0c\u5192\u5145\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6765\u8bf4\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u3002[44]<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u4e0d\u597d\u8bf4\u4e86\uff1a\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u4e5f\u662f\u300a\u4f20\u8bf4\u300b\u548c\u300a\u544a\u767d\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5417\uff1f\u300a\u544a\u767d\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4\u7f57\u68ee\u514b\u7f57\u4f0a\u5179\u8fd9\u4f4d\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u4f1a\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u751f\u4e8e1378\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u6d3b\u4e86106\u5c81\uff0c\u6309\u6b64\u63a8\u7b97\uff0c\u7f57\u68ee\u514b\u7f57\u4f0a\u5179\u6b7b\u4e8e1484\u5e74\u3002\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u7684\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u7f57\u68ee\u514b\u7f57\u4f0a\u5179\u5f53\u65f6\uff081459\uff09\u5df2\u7ecf81\u5c81\u9ad8\u9f84\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65f6\u65e5\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u660e\u663e\u4e0e\u300a\u544a\u767d\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u73b0\u5728\u4e5f\u57fa\u672c\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\uff1a\u300a\u4f20\u8bf4\u300b\u548c\u300a\u544a\u767d\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5e76\u975e\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c0f\u57ce\u56fe\u5bbe\u6839\u4ee5\u8d6b\u65af\uff08T. He\u00df\uff0c1558 &#8211; 1614\uff09\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5982\u4eca\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u201d\uff08\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u533b\u751f\uff09\uff0c\u53f2\u79f0\u201c\u56fe\u5bbe\u6839\u5b66\u4eba\u5708\u5b50\u201d\uff08T\u00fcbinger Gelehrtenkreis\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u591a\u4e3a\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d6b\u65af\u65e9\u5e74\u5728\u56fe\u5bbe\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u8bfb\u6cd5\u5b66\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8ff7\u4e0a\u5e15\u62c9\u514b\u5c14\u82cf\u65af\u533b\u5b66\uff0c\u4ed6\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u5b66\u4eba\u5708\u5b50\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u5e15\u62c9\u514b\u5c14\u82cf\u65af\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u8005\u3002\u597d\u4e9b\u6210\u5458\u8fd8\u5f88\u5e74\u8f7b\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u5e76\u672a\u5b9a\u578b\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u662f\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\u4f2f\u7d22\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08C. Besold\uff0c1577 \u2013 1538\uff0c\u66fe\u505a\u8fc7\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u7684\u52a9\u624b\uff09\u540e\u6765\u5c31\u56de\u5f52\u4e86\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u631a\u53cb\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u4e3a\u6b64\u5185\u5fc3\u5341\u5206\u75db\u82e6\u3002[44]\u6b64\u4eba\u5f53\u65f6\u867d\u7136\u5e74\u8f7b\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u6821\u56ed\u91cc\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u9177\u7231\u5404\u79cd\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e66\u7c4d\uff08\u636e\u8bf4\u79c1\u4eba\u85cf\u4e66\u591a\u8fbe3870\u518c\uff0c\u73b0\u85cfSalzburg\u5927\u5b66\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775716960859YuSrJe.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-09T06%3A42%3A42Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2Fe3079cd13f9756fe36b0169327502e56f3447c0a3d315ca5985b1fb6b95b706f\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5708\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u300a\u4f20\u8bf4\u300b\u548c\u300a\u544a\u767d\u300b\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u64b0\u5199\u201d\uff08worked collaboratively\uff09\u3002\u4e0e\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u56fe\u5bbe\u6839\u5b66\u4eba\u5708\u5b50\u201d\u6df1\u53d7\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6fc0\u8fdb\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff08\u53f2\u79f0\u201c\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8d6b\u8033\u58a8\u65af\u6559\u201d\u4fe1\u5f92\uff09\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ce1\u5236\u7684\u300a\u4f20\u8bf4\u300b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u201c\u666e\u904d\u800c\u53c8\u5168\u9762\u5730\u6539\u9769\u6574\u4e2a\u5e7f\u88a4\u4e16\u754c\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u51fa\u81ea\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u57ce\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f5c\u5bb6\u535a\u5361\u91cc\u5c3c\uff08T. Boccalini\uff0c1556 &#8211; 1613\uff09\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u6765\u81ea\u5e15\u5c14\u7eb3\u7d22\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u300b\uff08Ragguagli di Parnaso\uff0c1612\/1613\uff09\u7684\u7b2c26\u7ae0\uff08\u4f2f\u7d22\u5c14\u5fb7\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff09\u3002\u535a\u5361\u91cc\u5c3c\u662f\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u5927\u540d\u9f0e\u9f0e\u7684\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u8428\u5c14\u76ae\uff08P. Sarpi\uff0c1552 &#8211; 1623\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u53cd\u6559\u5b97\u79d8\u5bc6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4ee5\u5584\u5199\u8bbd\u523a\u6027\u6587\u5b66\u5c0f\u54c1\u8457\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u535a\u5361\u91cc\u5c3c\u5728\u300a\u6765\u81ea\u5e15\u5c14\u7eb3\u7d22\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u300b\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5f62\u5f0f\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u738b\u56fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u62a8\u51fb\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u660e\u663e\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6b27\u6d32\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u9971\u53d7\u5206\u88c2\u4e4b\u82e6\u75db\u5fc3\u75be\u9996\uff0c\u547c\u5401\u91cd\u65b0\u6574\u5408\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u53d6\u4ee3\u5927\u516c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u300a\u4f20\u8bf4\u300b\u548c\u300a\u544a\u767d\u300b\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u7edd\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bcb\u5b81\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6b27\u6d32\u81ea14\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u88c2\u53d8\u662f\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\u4f20\u8bf4\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u6765\u81ea\u5e15\u5c14\u7eb3\u7d22\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u300b\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u662f\u865a\u6784\u7c7b\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5374\u5e26\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u653f\u6cbb\u8bc9\u6c42\uff08\u5982\u4eca\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u6b32\u671b\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u4f20\u8bf4\u300b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u4e3a\uff0c\u300a\u4f20\u8bf4\u300b\u5177\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6c14\u606f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u60f3\u60f3\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u665a\u671f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5bd3\u610f\u53d9\u4e8b\u8bd7\u300a\u8015\u8005\u76ae\u5c14\u65af\u7684\uff3b\u68a6\u4e2d\uff3d\u5f02\u8c61\u300b\uff08Visio Willelmi de Petro Ploughman\uff0c\u7ea61370 &#8211; 1390\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u8bd7\u4f5c\u51fa\u81ea\u4e00\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u591a\u4eba\u4e4b\u624b\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u957f\u671f\u662f\u65e0\u5934\u516c\u6848\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u90ce\u5170\u7684\u5a01\u5ec9\uff08William Langland\uff0c1332 &#8211; 1386\uff09\u6240\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0e\u300a\u4f20\u8bf4\u300b\u548c\u300a\u544a\u767d\u300b\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u9887\u4e3a\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6309\u7167\u6c83\u683c\u6797\u7684\u8bc6\u8bfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u8bd7\u4f5c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ee5\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u98ce\u683c\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u201c\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u4e0a\u8ff7\u5931\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u201c\u8bbd\u523a\u6027\u201d\u5730\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u201c\u4e0e\u771f\u7406\u6307\u5f15\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5766\u9014\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u9a70\u201d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u957f\u7684\u9886\u571f\u6027\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u719f\u5230\u4ea7\u751f\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u4ee3\u8868\u7c7b\u578b\u5373\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6210\u719f\u6b63\u5728\u4ece\u57ce\u5e02\u5411\u4e0b\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u6574\u4e2a\u672a\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002\u201d[46]\u7528\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u542f\u8499\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775717068215O4jiC1.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-09T06%3A44%3A29Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F978e5d43e97759efbd784694a90cbbd8c1134e9fda0d5ea56abbedcf689b5862\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2 \u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u6c83\u683c\u6797( Eric Voegelin , 1901 &#8211; 1985 )<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bf4\u6cd5\u632a\u5230\u300a\u4f20\u8bf4\u300b\u548c\u300a\u544a\u767d\u300b\u4e0a\u672a\u5fc5\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\uff0c\u628a\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u6362\u6210\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u5b66\u95ee\u201d\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u662f\u5426\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u4f5c\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u300a\u4f20\u8bf4\u300b\u548c\u300a\u544a\u767d\u300b\u4e0e\u300a\u8015\u8005\u76ae\u5c14\u65af\u7684\uff3b\u68a6\u4e2d\uff3d\u5f02\u8c61\u300b\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7406\u667a\u6027\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u582a\u79f0\u540c\u6c14\u76f8\u6c42\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u6709\u5929\u8d4b\u7684\u4eba\u201c\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\uff3b\u7cbe\u795e\uff3d\u4e3b\u5bb0\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f20\u626c\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u7075\u9b42\u4e4b\u795e\u79d8\u7ecf\u9a8c\u201d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u7528\u5982\u4eca\u6211\u4eec\u559c\u6b22\u6a21\u4eff\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5373\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u4e4b\u4eba\u683c\u201d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6c83\u683c\u6797\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5c31\u5176\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u8a00\u4e4b\u201d\uff0c\u300a\u8015\u8005\u76ae\u5c14\u65af\u7684\uff3b\u68a6\u4e2d\uff3d\u5f02\u8c61\u300b\u5728\u6027\u8d28\u4e0a\u201c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5df2\u5c5e\u4e8e\u65b0\u6559\u4e86\u201d\uff08\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9875199\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u6765\u770b\u6700\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5728\u5c55\u793a\u201c\u7075\u9b42\u91cd\u751f\u201d\u7684\u70bc\u91d1\u672f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5982\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u201c\u5632\u5f04\u201d\u4f20\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u7684\u7b14\u8c03\u548c\u8bf8\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u786e\u4e0d\u4e4f\u5e7d\u9ed8\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u548c\u738b\u540e\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u91cd\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c\u574f\u5fc3\u773c\u513f\u7684\u8d2a\u5a6a\u9b3c\u201d\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u795e\u5723\u65f6\u523b\u663e\u5f97\u9887\u4e3a\u6ed1\u7a3d\u3002\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9690\u79d8\u94ed\u6587\u4e5f\u663e\u5f97\u4e0d\u4e25\u8083\uff0c\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u7f16\u6210\u7684\u8c1c\u8bed\u50cf\u662f\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u8328\u540e\u6765\u66fe\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c1c\u8bed\u540c\u6837\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u597d\u73a9\u513f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u559c\u5267\u6210\u5206\u672a\u5fc5\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u5728\u5632\u5f04\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u3002[47]<\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u7b26\u817e\u5821\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u4ed6\u7956\u7236\u96c5\u5404\u4f2f\uff08Jacob Andreae\uff0c1528 &#8211; 1590\uff09\u5f88\u6709\u540d\uff0c\u662f\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u4eb2\u5bc6\u6218\u53cb\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u91cd\u8981\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u300a\u548c\u8c10\u4fe1\u6761\u300b\uff081577\uff09\u7684\u8d77\u8349\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u56fe\u5bbe\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\uff0c\u6709\u201c\u7b26\u817e\u5821\u7684\u8def\u5fb7\u201d\uff08W\u00fcrttemberg Luther\uff09\u4e4b\u79f0\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u7684\u9752\u53f2\u7559\u540d\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ed6\u7956\u7236\u7684\u540d\u58f0\u5c31\u7b97\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5373\u4fbf\u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u4e5f\u65e9\u5df2\u4e0d\u662f\u964c\u751f\u4eba\uff1a\u4ed6\u662f\u53f2\u79f0\u4e09\u5927\u201c\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u540d\u4f5c\u201d\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u57ce\u90a6\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7d20\u63cf\u300b\uff081619\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7b80\u79f0Christianopolis\uff0c\u5373\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\uff09 \u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u6b64\u4e66\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bd1\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c1991\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u540e10\u5e74\u5185\u4e24\u6b21\u91cd\u5370\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u4e0d\u4e4f\u8bfb\u8005\u3002[48]<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775717019265BfLRtw.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-09T06%3A43%3A40Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2Fbe0872d7163af3aeed6f2bbe5c58e53c4a451f9d725289f3fa75f040fa71d2e8\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2 Christianopolis\uff08\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u662f\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u6ca1\u6709\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u57281619\u5e74\u7528\u672c\u540d\uff08\u7f29\u5199J. V. A.\uff09\u51fa\u7248\u8be5\u4e66\u3002\u5982\u679c\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u786e\u662f\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u6765\u4e86\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e24\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u520a\u5370\u65f6\u95f4\u76f8\u9694\u5f88\u77ed\uff08\u4ec5\u4ec53\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u8981\u533f\u540d\u520a\u5370\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u751f\u524d\u4e00\u76f4\u5b88\u53e3\u5982\u74f6\uff0c\u4efb\u51ed\u574a\u95f4\u731c\u6d4b\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6309\u6587\u4f53\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\u4e0e\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u4e00\u6837\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u4e2d\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u53d9\u8ff0\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e5f\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u3002\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\u5168\u4e66\u5171\u4e00\u767e\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8282\uff0c\u6bcf\u8282\u7bc7\u5e45\u90fd\u4e0d\u957f\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u9996\u5148\u8bb2\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u51fa\u6d77\u822a\u884c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u822a\u8239\u906d\u96be\u7684\u7ecf\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u98d8\u5230\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\uff081 \u2013 3\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5f00\u7bc7\u7b2c\u4e00\u53e5\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u4e0a\u8c61\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u5230\u5904\u6d41\u6d6a\uff0c\u5fcd\u6c14\u541e\u58f0\u53d7\u5c3d\u66b4\u653f\u3001\u8be1\u8fa9\u548c\u865a\u4f2a\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u7537\u5b50\u6c14\u6982\uff0c\u800c\u53c8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u4e86\u6211\u6240\u6025\u4e8e\u60f3\u8981\u6c42\u5f97\u4e4b\u7269\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u6d77\u66fe\u8ba9\u6211\u5403\u8fc7\u4e0d\u5c11\u82e6\u5934\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u518d\u6b21\u53bb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u6d77\u822a\u884c\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u548c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u767b\u4e0a\u4e00\u8258\u826f\u597d\u7684\u201c\u5e7b\u60f3\u53f7\u201d\u822a\u8239\uff0c\u9a76\u79bb\u6e2f\u53e3\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u56e0\u6e34\u6c42\u77e5\u8bc6\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e07\u5343\u5371\u9669\u9762\u524d\u3002\uff081\u8282\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u4e0a\u8c61\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u5230\u5904\u6d41\u6d6a\uff0c\u5fcd\u6c14\u541e\u58f0\u53d7\u5c3d\u66b4\u653f\u3001\u8be1\u8fa9\u548c\u865a\u4f2a\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u7537\u5b50\u6c14\u6982\uff0c\u800c\u53c8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u4e86\u6211\u6240\u6025\u4e8e\u60f3\u8981\u6c42\u5f97\u4e4b\u7269\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u6d77\u66fe\u8ba9\u6211\u5403\u8fc7\u4e0d\u5c11\u82e6\u5934\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u518d\u6b21\u53bb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u6d77\u822a\u884c\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u548c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u767b\u4e0a\u4e00\u8258\u826f\u597d\u7684\u201c\u5e7b\u60f3\u53f7\u201d\u822a\u8239\uff0c\u9a76\u79bb\u6e2f\u53e3\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u56e0\u6e34\u6c42\u77e5\u8bc6\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e07\u5343\u5371\u9669\u9762\u524d\u3002\uff081\u8282\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u7684\u5f00\u7bc7\u5bf9\u89c2\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u6211\u201d\u660e\u663e\u5bcc\u6709\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u50cf\u65e7\u6559\u58eb\u90a3\u6837\u6c89\u6eba\u5728\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u72ec\u767d\u5f0f\u7948\u7977\u4ea4\u8c08\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u6211\u201d\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u201c\u75db\u82e6\u201d\u65e0\u4e0d\u6765\u81ea\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\u7684\u5f00\u7bc7\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4f5c\u8005\u201c\u6211\u201d\u767b\u4e0a\u201c\u5e7b\u60f3\u53f7\u201d\u822a\u8239\uff08phantasiae nave\uff09\uff0c\u9a76\u5411\u4e86\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u6d77\u201d\uff08academicum mare\uff09\uff1a\u9a76\u5411\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6211\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6c89\u6eba\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u201c\u5e7b\u60f3\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51ed\u9760\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u5e7b\u60f3\u52c7\u4e8e\u63a2\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775717175929LuQm10.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-09T06%3A46%3A17Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F36e9119a030c646a2ab65bd3004cf82f7f41a135e7e1c73486698c0b99582165\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2 Paradies oder Utopie\uff08\u5929\u5802\u6216\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u770b\u5230\u4e0e\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u60c5\u8282\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u201d\u8fdb\u5165\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u5f97\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5fb7\u6027\u8d44\u683c\u201c\u5ba1\u67e5\u201d\uff084 \u2013 6\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5b88\u536b\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u201d\u7684\u536b\u58eb\u544a\u8bc9\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u201c\u6e23\u6ed3\u201d\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u5e76\u65e0\u771f\u6b63\u8654\u8bda\u611f\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u846c\u9001\u5316\u5b66\u8fd9\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u836f\u5242\u5e08\uff0c\u4f6f\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u4f1a\u53cb\u7684\u9a97\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57ce\u90a6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u73ed\u4eba\u4ece\u6765\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\u201d\uff084\u8282\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\u5f15\u8d77\u7b14\u8005\u7684\u597d\u5947\uff1a\u846c\u9001\u5316\u5b66\u8fd9\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u836f\u5242\u5e08\u662f\u8c01\uff1f\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u5199\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4f6f\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\u4f1a\u53cb\uff1f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u201c\u9a97\u5b50\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u5728\u81ea\u4f20\u4e2d\u8bf4\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u662fludibrium\uff3b\u641e\u7b11\uff3d\u4e4b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u6000\u7591\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u6b3a\u9a97\u4e16\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u4e3a\u4f55\u4ed6\u572819\u5c81\u65f6\u5199\u4e0b\u8fd9\u90e8\u559c\u5267\u5374\u672a\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u8981\u7b49\u523011\u5e74\u540e\u624d\u629b\u51fa\u6765\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u60c5\u5f62\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\uff1a\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u52a0\u5f3a\u300a\u4f20\u8bf4\u300b\u548c\u300a\u544a\u767d\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u533a\u5206\u771f\u5047\u201c\u54f2\u4eba\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u5927\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u6587\u5b66\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u624d\u5f88\u96be\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u8bbd\u523a\u610f\u5473\u7684\u620f\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82e5\u5c06\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u4e0e\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\u5bf9\u7167\u8d77\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u60c5\u5f62\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c31\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\uff1a\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\u6e05\u695a\u8868\u660e\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u662f\u4fe1\u5949\u65b0\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u773c\u91cc\u65f6\u9ae6\u7684\u201c\u70bc\u91d1\u672f\u58eb\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u201c\u9a97\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u60c5\u5f62\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u521a\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff1a\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u5199\u4f5c\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\u610f\u5728\u4e0e\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u5144\u5f1f\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u60f3\u5bf9\u6297\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u7406\u60f3\u3002[49]<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u5f53\u65f6\u5e76\u672a\u516c\u5f00\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u60f3\u5230\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\u4e0e\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5173\u8054\u3002\u4f55\u51b5\uff0c\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u5f15\u53d1\u7684Reformation\uff3b\u6539\u9769\uff3d\u6d6a\u6f6e\u7edd\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u6559\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\uff0cReformation\u7684\u771f\u4e49\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u201c\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u300a\u4f20\u8bf4\u300b\u548c\u300a\u544a\u767d\u300b\u7684\u547c\u5401\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5dee\u5f02\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u300a\u4f20\u8bf4\u300b\u548c\u300a\u544a\u767d\u300b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u6784\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775717131174kVf9CC.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-09T06%3A45%3A32Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F7245720ca5466df56fd6c8b9a8712ad4b7e46cdb5b93db4d467f2812b171ef94\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2 \u8def\u5fb7\u4e0e\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u57c3\u514b\u5728\u83b1\u6bd4\u9521\u8fa9\u8bba\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6838\u5fc3<\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u7ea6\u7ff0\uff08Johann Andreae\uff0c1554 &#8211; 1601\uff09\u867d\u662f\u65b0\u6559\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u5374\u70ed\u8877\u70bc\u91d1\u672f\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bcd\u4eb2\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\uff08Maria\uff0c1550 &#8211; 1632\uff09\u901a\u533b\u672f\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u66ff\u65af\u56fe\u52a0\u7279\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u8d35\u65cf\uff08\u516c\u7235\uff09\u7ecf\u8425\u836f\u623f\u9887\u4e3a\u6210\u529f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u81ea\u5c0f\u5c31\u719f\u6089\u70bc\u91d1\u672f\u7684\u540d\u5802\uff0c\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u5728\u81ea\u4f20\u4e2d\u62b1\u6028\uff0c\u5bb6\u91cc\u56e0\u7236\u4eb2\u548c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u559c\u6b22\u641e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u800c\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e4c\u70df\u7634\u6c14\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u80de\u5f1f\u8ddf\u7740\u8ff7\u4e86\u8fdb\u53bb\u51fa\u4e0d\u6765\uff0c\u6bc1\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u3002\u8a00\u4e0b\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u5c11\u5e74\u65f6\u4e5f\u8ff7\u8fc7\u641e\u70bc\u91d1\u672f\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5e78\u597d\u81ea\u5df1\u8d70\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>15\u5c81\u90a3\u5e74\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4ed6\u968f\u6bcd\u4eb2\u8fc1\u5c45\u5230\u56fe\u5bbe\u6839\u4e0a\u5927\u5b66\uff081602\uff09\uff0c\u5148\u5ff5\u4e863\u5e74\u201c\u535a\u96c5\u8bfe\u7a0b\u201d\uff08artes liberales\uff0c\u53e4\u5178\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6570\u5b66\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u8ffd\u4eff\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u98ce\u6f6e\u7684\u6587\u827a\u9752\u5e74\uff0c\u559c\u6b22\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5373\u5174\u559c\u5267\uff0c\u5199\u8fc7\u4e00\u90e8\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u56fe\u535a\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8270\u96be\u800c\u5f92\u52b3\u5730\u904d\u6e38\u5404\u5730\u7684\u624d\u58eb\u300b\uff08Turbo. Sive Moleste et Frusta Per Cuncta Divagans Ingenium\uff0c1617\uff09\u7684\u559c\u5267\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u540e\u6765\u6b4c\u5fb7\u521b\u4f5c\u300a\u6d6e\u58eb\u5fb7\u300b\u5c31\u4ee5\u8fd9\u90e8\u5267\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7d20\u6750\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u63a8\u7b97\uff0c\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u7ed3\u675f\u201c\u535a\u96c5\u8bfe\u7a0b\u201d\u83b7\u5f97Magister\u5b66\u4f4d\uff081605\uff09\u65f6\u7684\u4e60\u4f5c\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8981\u8bf4\u5b83\u5e26\u6709\u660e\u786e\uff08\u9051\u8bba\u6df1\u523b\uff09\u7684\u654c\u89c6\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\u4f20\u8bf4\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u672a\u514d\u5938\u5f20\u3002\u636e\u6587\u53f2\u5bb6\u8003\u8bc1\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u70bc\u91d1\u672f\u8f6c\u53d8\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u540e\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u5347\u5b66\u4e3b\u4fee\u795e\u5b66\u548c\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b63\u4ece\u5360\u661f\u672f\u5206\u5316\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u529f\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u65b0\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u8ff7\uff1a\u7528\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u9a7e\u7740\u201c\u5e7b\u60f3\u53f7\u201d\u9a76\u5411\u4e86\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u6d77\u201d\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u662f\u4ece\u56fe\u5bbe\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u8d70\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u5929\u624d\u300228\u5c81\u90a3\u5e74\uff081614\uff09\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u51fa\u7248\u8fc7\u5728\u8bfb\u671f\u95f4\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u521d\u7ea7\u6559\u6750\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u300a\u6570\u5b66\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u7531\u66fe\u6559\u8fc7\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u58a8\u65af\u7279\u6797\uff08M. M\u00e4stlin\uff0c1550 \u2013 1631\uff09\u6307\u5bfc\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775717213815vE6LmB.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-09T06%3A46%3A55Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2Ffa0bde10255880e4823702d68164b0bdd3bfe01349d18b220bc335738a51c333\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2 \u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5929\u6587\u5b66<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u56fe\u5bbe\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u6df1\u9020\u4e0d\u52303\u5e74\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u56e0\u6d89\u8db3\u4e00\u8d77\u6821\u56ed\u8bfd\u8c24\u4e8b\u4ef6\u88ab\u6821\u65b9\u6ce8\u9500\u5b66\u7c4d\uff081607\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u65c5\u884c\uff0c1611\u5e74\u624d\u56de\u56fe\u5bbe\u6839\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u8d6b\u65af\u201c\u5b66\u4eba\u5708\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e0e\u300a\u4f20\u8bf4\u300b\u548c\u300a\u544a\u767d\u300b\u7684\u51fa\u7b3c\u6709\u74dc\u845b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1617\u5e74\uff0c\u70ed\u8877\u65b0\u6d3e\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u963f\u8fbe\u7c73\uff08T. Adami\uff0c1581 \u2013 1643\uff09\u8def\u8fc7\u56fe\u5bbe\u6839\u3002\u6b64\u4eba\u65e9\u5e74\u5728\u83b1\u6bd4\u9521\u5927\u5b66\u8bfb\u54f2\u5b66\u671f\u95f4\u66fe\u5230\u56fe\u5bbe\u6839\u6e38\u5b66\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u671f\uff081599\/1600 \u51ac\u5b63\u5b66\u671f\uff09\uff0c\u7ed3\u8bc6\u4e86\u4e00\u5e2e\u670b\u53cb\u30021616\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u8fbe\u7c73\u5230\u610f\u5927\u5229\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u62dc\u8bbf\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\uff081564 &#8211; 1642\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u591a\u6b21\u5230\u76d1\u72f1\u63a2\u8bbf\u5eb7\u5e15\u5185\u62c9\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u76f8\u8c08\u751a\u6b22\uff0c\u5eb7\u5e15\u5185\u62c9\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u672a\u520a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u592a\u9633\u57ce\u300b\uff08\u4f5c\u4e8e1602\uff09\u7684\u6284\u672c\u9001\u7ed9\u963f\u8fbe\u7c73\u3002\u963f\u8fbe\u7c73\u8fd4\u56de\u5bb6\u4e61\u65f6\u8def\u8fc7\u56fe\u5bbe\u6839\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0f3\u5c81\u7684\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u56e0\u76f8\u8c08\u751a\u6b22\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba9\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u8bfb\u4e86\u300a\u592a\u9633\u57ce\u300b\u7684\u672a\u520a\u6284\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u592a\u9633\u57ce\u300b\u76f4\u63a5\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6ca1\u6709\u7591\u95ee\u3002\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u300a\u592a\u9633\u57ce\u300b\u751a\u81f3\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u5bf9\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\u4f20\u8bf4\u8f6c\u53d8\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u5728\u81ea\u4f20\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5f53\u5e74\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5708\u5b50\u6df7\u662f\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\u201c\u5c11\u4e0d\u66f4\u4e8b\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u56e0\u4e3a\u300a\u4f20\u8bf4\u300b\u548c\u300a\u544a\u767d\u300b\u5e26\u6709\u201c\u8d6b\u8033\u58a8\u65af\u6559\u201d\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u628a\u5360\u661f\u672f\u548c\u70bc\u91d1\u672f\u6367\u5f97\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u6bcb\u5b81\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u73b0\u5728\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u201d\u4f20\u8bf4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u60f3\u8fd8\u8fdc\u4e0d\u591f\u5177\u4f53\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u300a\u592a\u9633\u57ce\u300b\u7684\u6784\u60f3\u540c\u6837\u57fa\u4e8e\u5360\u661f\u672f\u548c\u70bc\u91d1\u672f\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002[50]<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u592a\u9633\u57ce\u300b\u5f00\u7bc7\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u201c\u592a\u9633\u57ce\u201d\u7684\u57ce\u9632\u5efa\u8bbe\u4ee5\u53ca\u57ce\u90a6\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u76f8\u5f53\u7b80\u7565\uff0c\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\u7684\u63cf\u7ed8\u5219\u5177\u4f53\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u4e0e\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u7f57\u68ee\u514b\u7f57\u4f0a\u5179\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u65e5\u53c2\u89c2\u7687\u5ba4\u57ce\u5821\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6211\u201d\u8fdb\u57ce\u540e\u53c2\u89c2\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u201d\u7684\u683c\u5c40\u3002\u4e0e\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u5a5a\u793c\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u7f57\u68ee\u514b\u7f57\u4f0a\u5179\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6211\u201d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u519c\u4e1a\u548c\u755c\u7267\u4e1a\u3001\u78e8\u574a\u548c\u9762\u5305\u623f\u4ee5\u53ca\u8089\u5e97\u548c\u4f9b\u5e94\u7ad9\uff087 \u2013 10\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5de5\u77ff\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0811 \u2013 13\u8282\uff09\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\u6a21\u4eff\u300a\u592a\u9633\u57ce\u300b\u4f46\u5927\u5927\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e86\u7406\u60f3\u57ce\u90a6\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u300a\u592a\u9633\u57ce\u300b\u7684\u660e\u663e\u5dee\u5f02\u8fd8\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u7684\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u201d\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u5e26\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d7\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9053\u5fb7\u6212\u5f8b\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u7ea6\u675f\uff0814 \u2013 20\u5c0f\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u572825\u5c81\u90a3\u5e74\uff081611\uff09\u66fe\u5230\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\uff081509 &#8211; 1564\uff09\u6240\u6253\u9020\u7684\u795e\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u5f0f\u7684\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u57ce\u90a6\u89c2\u6469\uff0c\u4e25\u5f8b\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5316\u751f\u6d3b\u7ba1\u7406\u7ed9\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u56de\u5230\u56fe\u5bbe\u6839\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u653b\u8bfb\u795e\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775717249886rxuV4c.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-09T06%3A47%3A31Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2Fe1664fc9fc5fc5758abe21b276f04a5410ed1bbad9349a8d98401a1d16ce9203\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2 \u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u57ce\u90a6<\/p>\n<p>\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u800c\u975e\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u57ce\u90a6\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u5728\u53d7\u5230\u5eb7\u5e15\u5185\u62c9\u6fc0\u53d1\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u201d\u7406\u60f3\u65f6\u6709\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u6479\u672c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u201d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u5b98\u5458\u5230\u793e\u56e2\u90fd\u76f8\u5f53\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5316\uff0821 \u2013 26\u8282\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u5728\u300a\u592a\u9633\u57ce\u300b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u201d\u6709\u4e09\u4f4d\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u6743\u5a01\u201d\u201c\u667a\u6167\u201d\u201c\u7231\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u201c\u592a\u9633\u201d\u7684\u6307\u793a\u6cbb\u7406\u57ce\u90a6\uff08\u300a\u592a\u9633\u57ce\u300b\uff0c\u98759\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5171\u548c\u653f\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u662f\u201c\u4e09\u4eba\u6267\u653f\u5b98\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57ce\u90a6\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53d7\u7267\u5e08\u6216\u957f\u8001\u638c\u63a7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6574\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5177\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u54c1\u8d28\uff0827 \u2013 38\u8282\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u7684\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u201d\u662f\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u6b66\u88c5\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6559\u5f0f\u7684\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u57ce\u90a6\u6709\u54c1\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u7684\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u201d\u6784\u60f3\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6700\u7ec8\u4f9d\u5faa\u7684\u662f\u201c\u592a\u9633\u57ce\u201d\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u662fReformation\uff3b\u6539\u9769\uff3d\u5e94\u8be5\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u6211\u201d\u8fdb\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u57ce\u90a6\u540e\uff0c\u9010\u4e00\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3001\u5175\u5668\u5e93\u3001\u6863\u6848\u9986\u3001\u5370\u5237\u6240\u548c\u56fd\u5e93\uff0839 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50\u8282\uff09\u3002\u6309\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u5373\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u4e09\u5927\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\u70bc\u91d1\u672f\uff08\u5316\u5b66\uff09\u5c45\u4e8e\u9996\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6253\u9020\u7684\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u89c1\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4f5c\u5a01\u4f5c\u798f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u7684\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u201d\u6781\u4e3a\u91cd\u89c6\u65b0\u5f0f\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8bb0\u53d9\u6700\u591a\uff0c\u5360\u5168\u4e66\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7bc7\u5e45\u3002\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u4e5f\u6765\u81ea\u300a\u592a\u9633\u57ce\u300b\uff0c\u4f46\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u660e\u663e\u66f4\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u9996\u5148\u8bf4\u5230\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0851 \u2013 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72\u8282\uff09\u53ef\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u4e2d\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u53f2\u5b66\u88ab\u5f52\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95e8\u7c7b\u770b\u4f3c\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c18\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u53f2\u5b66\u6b63\u662f\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u53ef\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5ab2\u7f8e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u3002\u6700\u540e\u662f\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\uff0873 \u2013 75\u8282\uff09\u548c\u795e\u5b66\uff0876 \u2013 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Arndt\uff0c1555-1621\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775717280845xv7GEX.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-09T06%3A48%3A02Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F3ef2b67225ea2d7abb6bff0444f212e432657cb222401f5e90e19f25af820cfe\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2 \u963f\u6069\u7279\uff08Johann Arndt\uff0c1555-1621\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u963f\u6069\u7279\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5f71\u54cd\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u8def\u5fb7\u548c\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\uff0c\u7b97\u5f97\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e09\u53f7\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u963f\u6069\u7279\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u4e1c\u90e8\u90bb\u8fd1\u5df4\u4f26\u65af\u5fb7\u7279\uff08Ballenstedt\uff09\u7684\u5c0f\u9547Edderitz\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bfb\u4e66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53cd\u53db\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u5185\u90e8\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u8d8b\u5411\uff0c\u5728\u5357\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u5730\u76d8\uff0c\u597d\u4e9b\u7267\u5e08\u548c\u516c\u4faf\u516c\u5f00\u8f6c\u4fe1\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5b97\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u6240\u8c13Crypto-Calvinist\uff3b\u5730\u4e0b\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4fe1\u5f92\uff3d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u963f\u6069\u7279\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b97\u6559-\u653f\u6cbb\u5904\u5883\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u96be\u514d\u5377\u5165\u65b0\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6559\u6d3e\u7eb7\u4e89\u30021605\u5e74\uff0c\u65f6\u5e7440\u5c81\u7684\u963f\u6069\u7279\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u300a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u300b\uff08Das wahre Christentum\uff09\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c5\u5e74\u540e\u53c8\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5176\u4f593\u5377\uff0c\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u56db\u4e66\u300b\uff08Vier B\u00fccher von wahrem 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exul\uff09\u5373\u53d7\u201c\u5b97\u6559\u8feb\u5bb3\u201d\u800c\u201c\u6d41\u4ea1\u201d\uff08\u5fb7\u8bd1ins Elend verjagte Religion\uff0c\u82f1\u8bd1an exile\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\u7684\u5f00\u7bc7\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u9884\u8a00\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6\u5f71\u54cd\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1a\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6700\u5fe0\u5b9e\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5728\u906d\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u4e4b\u540e\u6f02\u6d0b\u8fc7\u6d77\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u201c\u65b0\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u201d\uff08rempublicam novam\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\uff0c\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\uff0c\u98759\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u5f3a\u3001\u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/17757175454245BaME3.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-09T06%3A52%3A26Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F6d677d939027032df2c4f86649d43228acaca545e2f187c3cf47705d010edf46\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2 The very American art of Steve Penley\uff08\u53f2\u8482\u592b\u00b7\u6f58\u5229\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u6cb9\u753b \uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u786e\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f15\u4ee5\u4e3a\u50b2\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u57fa\u7840\u6b63\u662f\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\u6240\u63cf\u7ed8\u7684\u4e09\u4ef6\u6cd5\u5b9d\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u666e\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5fc3\u6001\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u8bf4\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u300b\u662f\u201c\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u201d\u4f5c\u54c1\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u5fd8\u8bb0\uff0c\u8654\u656c\u6d3e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u505a\u51fa\u8fc7\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u4e5f\u8d21\u732e\u751a\u5de8\uff0c\u8ba9\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u540c\u65f6, 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