![](\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775986439128LPpccZ.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-12T09%3A34%3A00Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F5abd38c7d0b020823d0dc0343579859e3ed4aee8187c1f80f9a9dc28434a2023\")
<\/p>\n\u7aef\u7d0d\u662f\u8ab0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n \u5047\u8a2d\u6211\u7ad9\u5728\u6089\u5c3c\u7684\u8857\u982d\uff0c\u63a1\u8a2a\u4e00\u767e\u500b\u6fb3\u6d32\u4eba\uff0c\u554f\u7aef\u7d0d\u662f\u8ab0\uff1f\u4e5f\u8a31\u4e5d\u5341\u4e5d\u500b\u4eba\u6703\u4e00\u81c9\u8ff7\u832b\uff0c\u6416\u982d\u4e0d\u8a9e\uff1b\u5047\u8a2d\u6211\u7ad9\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u5357\u4eac\u8def\u7684\u8857\u982d\uff0c\u518d\u63a1\u8a2a\u4e00\u767e\u500b\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\uff0c\u554f\u7aef\u7d0d\u662f\u8ab0\uff1f\u4e5f\u8a31\u4e5d\u5341\u4e5d\u500b\u4eba\u4f4e\u982d\u5c0b\u601d\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u7b54\u3002<\/p>\n \u90a3\u9ebc\u7aef\u7d0d\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u8ab0\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n 1875\u5e74\uff0c\u7aef\u7d0d\uff08William Henry Donald\uff09\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u96e2\u6089\u5c3c\u4e00\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u53ebLithgow\u7684\u5c0f\u93ae\uff0c\u5176\u7956\u5148\u70ba\u8607\u683c\u862d\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u5f9e\u5c0f\u8ddf\u505a\u5efa\u7bc9\u5305\u5de5\u982d\u7684\u7236\u89aa\u7576\u52a9\u624b\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b78\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\uff0c\u96e2\u958bLithgow\uff0c\u53bb\u58a8\u723e\u672c\u548c\u6089\u5c3c\u5831\u793e\u6253\u5de5\uff0c\u5c31\u6b64\u518d\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u56de\u904e\u5bb6\u9109\u3002\u4ed6\u96d6\u7136\u5b78\u6b77\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u6191\u8457\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52e4\u596e\u548c\u5929\u8cc7\uff0c\u5728\u5831\u9928\u5f9e\u6821\u5c0d\u505a\u8d77\uff0c\u5347\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f\u548c\u8a18\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n 1902\u5e74\u4ed6\u96e2\u5225\u9aee\u59bb\uff0c\u7368\u81ea\u524d\u5f80\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u90f5\u5831\uff08China Mail\uff09\u300b\u7576\u8a18\u8005\uff0c\u516b\u5e74\u5f8c\u5347\u4efb\u7d93\u7406\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u517c\u4efb\u300a\u7d10\u7d04\u6377\u5831\uff08New York Herald\uff09\u300b\u99d0\u6e2f\u901a\u8a0a\u54e1\u3001\u300a\u9060\u6771\u96dc\u8a8c \uff08Far Eastern Reviw\uff09\u300b\u7e3d\u7de8\uff0c\u548c\u82f1\u570b\u300a\u66fc\u5207\u65af\u7279\u885b\u5831\uff08Manchester Guardian\uff09\u300b\u7684\u8a18\u8005\u3002\u671f\u9593\u6b63\u9022\u201c\u65e5\u4fc4\u6230\u722d\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5beb\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u95dc\u65bc\u6230\u722d\u7684\u5831\u9053\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u8072\u540d\u9d72\u8d77\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u82f1\u7f8e\u5169\u570b\u99d0\u6e2f\u7684\u8457\u540d\u8a18\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n \u7aef\u7d0d\u516d\u5341\u5d57\u5728\u83ef\u6642\u7684\u7559\u5f71\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u6e2f\u82f1\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u6c11\u773e\u7684\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u6df1\u611f\u4e0d\u5e73\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u8070\u660e\u52e4\u52de\uff0c\u4e0d\u8a72\u53d7\u9019\u7b49\u5f85\u9047\uff1b\u800c\u7576\u6642\u7684\u6eff\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u50f5\u5316\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8150\u6557\uff0c\u4e0d\u9eef\u570b\u969b\u4e8b\u52d9\uff0c\u8655\u65bc\u98a8\u96e8\u98c4\u6e3a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u4ed6\u6c7a\u5b9a\u524d\u5f80\u5167\u5730\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e2d\u570b\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6307\u82f1\u7f8e\u9663\u71df\u611f\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u6709\u74dc\u5206\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u9670\u8b00\uff0c\u5c07\u5f71\u97ff\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6d3e\u7aef\u7d0d\u4f86\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u6a23\uff0c\u7aef\u7d0d\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u5167\u6182\u5916\u60a3\u7684\u7dca\u8981\u95dc\u982d\uff0c\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u662f\u771f\u8aa0\u7684\uff0c\u7121\u79c1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n 02<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n \u521d\u5230\u4e2d\u570b<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n 1904\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u7aef\u7d0d\u5f9e\u9999\u6e2f\u4f86\u5230\u5ee3\u5dde\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u63a1\u8a2a\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6642\u4efb\u5169\u5ee3\u7e3d\u7763\u7684\u5f35\u4eba\u99ff\u3002<\/p>\n \u7aef\u7d0d\u6765\u5e7f\u5dde\u63a1\u8a2a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u5169\u5ee3\u7e3d\u7763\u5f35\u4eba\u99ff\u3002<\/p>\n \u5f35\u4eba\u99ff\u662f\u5f35\u611b\u73b2\u7956\u7236\u5f35\u4f69\u7db8\u7684\u5802\u4f84\uff0c\u6309\u8f29\u5206\u7b97\u662f\u5f35\u611b\u73b2\u7684\u5802\u4f2f\u7236\u3002\u5f35\u4eba\u99ff\u9ad4\u9b44\u9ad8\u5927\uff0c\u6587\u9769\u4e2d\u4ed6\u7684\u58b3\u5893\u88ab\u767c\u6398\uff0c\u64da\u76ee\u64ca\u8005\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c38\u8eab\u95771.75\u5de6\u53f3\u2026\u2026\u7576\u7136\u9019\u662f\u984c\u5916\u8a71\u3002<\/p>\n \u7aef\u7d0d\u4f86\u5230\u5ee3\u5dde\uff0c\u6c92\u8d70\u82f1\u570b\u9818\u4e8b\u9928\u5411\u7e3d\u7763\u5e9c\u767c\u901a\u77e5\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u8def\u5f91\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7368\u8eab\u524d\u5f80\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u76f4\u63a5\u6703\u898b\u5f35\u4eba\u99ff\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5f35\u4eba\u99ff\u5acc\u7aef\u7d0d\u662f\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u5c0f\u8a18\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c51\u53ec\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n \u7aef\u7d0d\u5728\u7e3d\u7763\u5e9c\u9580\u53e3\u5b88\u5019\u4e86\u4e09\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u57f7\u8457\u7d42\u65bc\u611f\u52d5\u4e86\u7e3d\u7763\u5e9c\u7684\u5e55\u50da\u6eab\u5b97\u582f\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u6eab\u5b97\u582f\u8aaa\u670d\uff0c\u5f35\u4eba\u99ff\u624d\u7b54\u61c9\u63a5\u53d7\u63a1\u8a2a\u3002<\/p>\n 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1909\u5e74\uff0c\u5f35\u4eba\u99ff\u8abf\u4efb\u5169\u6c5f\u7e3d\u7763\u517c\u5357\u6d0b\u5927\u81e3\uff0c\u7aef\u7d0d\u6c92\u6709\u8ddf\u96a8\u3002\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u6e05\u5ef7\u98a8\u96e8\u98c4\u6416\uff0c\u6416\u6416\u6b32\u589c\uff0c\u9810\u611f\u4e2d\u570b\u5c07\u6709\u5927\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n \u4ed6\u4f86\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u7d93\u9769\u547d\u9ee8\u670b\u53cb\u738b\u6b63\u5ef7\u548c\u738b\u5bf5\u60e0\u7684\u63a8\u85a6\uff0c\u64d4\u4efb\u4e86\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9867\u554f\uff0c\u5e76\u5e6b\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u64ec\u5beb\u201c\u81e8\u6642\u5927\u7e3d\u7d71\u5c0d\u5916\u5ba3\u8a00\u201d\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u9812\u767c\u7684\u91d1\u8cea\u734e\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u523b\u6709\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u548c\u7aef\u7d0d\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n \u7aef\u7eb3\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u9812\u767c\u7684\u91d1\u8cea\u734e\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n 1911\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u5317\u8b70\u548c\u6642\uff0c\u8881\u4e16\u51f1\u6301\u5f37\u8981\u7576\u6c11\u570b\u5927\u7e3d\u7d71\uff0c\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u7d06\u5c0a\u964d\u8cb4\uff0c\u8b93\u51fa\u53ea\u7576\u4e86\u56db\u5341\u56db\u5929\u7684\u7e3d\u7d71\u8077\u4f4d\uff0c\u8f49\u4efb\u9435\u8def\u7763\u8fa6\u3002<\/p>\n \u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u4e00\u4e0a\u4efb\u5c31\u639b\u4e86\u82b1\u8eca\uff0c\u7531\u7aef\u7d0d\u966a\u540c\uff0c\u6cbf\u9435\u8def\u7dda\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u807d\u4ed6\u4ecb\u7d39\u82f1\u570b\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u5efa\u9020\u9435\u8def\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u6df1\u5f97\u5b6b\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u8b9a\u8a31\u3002<\/p>\n 1920\u5e74\uff0c\u5317\u6d0b\u653f\u5e9c\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u9577\u5468\u81ea\u9f4a\uff0c\u9ebe\u4e0b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u61c2\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u56e0\u9867\u7dad\u921e\u548c\u7aef\u7d0d\u5e38\u51fa\u5165\u4ed6\u7684\u9580\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u6b23\u8cde\u7aef\u7d0d\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u64a5\u5341\u842c\u5169\u9280\u5b50\uff0c\u59d4\u8a17\u4ed6\u7d44\u7e54\u201c\u7d93\u6fdf\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8655\u201d\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5468\u520a\uff0c\u5411\u6b50\u7f8e\u7b49\u570b\u62db\u5546\u3002<\/p>\n \u8881\u4e16\u51f1\u7a31\u5e1d\u524d\uff0c\u7aef\u7d0d\u66fe\u9032\u8b01\u52f8\u963b\uff0c\u5e76\u544a\u8a34\u4ed6\uff0c\u4f60\u6240\u95b1\u4e4b\u5831\u7ae0\u5747\u7cfb\u5c6c\u4e0b\u507d\u9020 \u3002<\/p>\n \u8881\u6c0f\u79f0\u5e1d\u524d\u8eab\u8457\u620e\u88c5\u56fe\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n \u8001\u673d\u9084\u898b\u904e\u4e00\u6bb5\u91ce\u53f2\u8a18\u8f09\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u771f\u5047\uff0c\u73fe\u539f\u6587\u6284\u9304\uff1a<\/p>\n \u8881\u4e16\u51f1\u7a31\u5e1d\u524d\uff0c\u7aef\u7d0d\u66fe\u9032\u8b01\u52f8\u963b\uff0c\u5e76\u544a\u8a34\u4ed6\uff0c\u4f60\u6240\u95b1\u4e4b\u5831\u7ae0\u5747\u7cfb\u5c6c\u4e0b\u507d\u9020\u3002\u8881\u6c0f\u4e0d\u807d\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u62b1\u7b0f\u767b\u5834\u3002\u8521\u9354\u5728\u96f2\u5357\u9996\u5148\u767c\u96e3\uff0c\u5404\u7701\u65cb\u5373\u97ff\u61c9\uff0c\u8881\u6c0f\u59cb\u6709\u6094\u610f\uff0c\u5411\u7aef\u7d0d\u6c42\u52a9\uff0c\u6b32\u5f80\u9999\u6e2f\u6216\u5a01\u6d77\u885b\u82f1\u79df\u754c\u907f\u96e3\uff1b\u82f1\u570b\u4e0d\u5141\uff0c\u7aef\u7d0d\u6c42\u898b\u7f8e\u570b\u516c\u4f7f\u82ae\u6069\u65bd\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u7f8e\u570b\u6d77\u8ecd\u9678\u6230\u968a\u95d6\u5165\u65b0\u83ef\u5bae\uff0c\u89e3\u6551\u8881\u6c0f\u3002\u82ae\u6069\u65bd\u8a8d\u70ba\u7aef\u7d0d\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u751a\u70ba\u8352\u5510\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u7b54\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n \u5f9e\u4e0a\u6587\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u7aef\u7d0d\u548c\u8881\u4e16\u51f1\u7684\u4ea4\u60c5\u4e0d\u6dfa\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u8881\u4e16\u51f1\u8207\u65e5\u672c\u7c3d\u8a02\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u689d\u8ce3\u570b\u689d\u7d04\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\uff0c\u4ea6\u7531\u7aef\u7d0d\u65bc1915\u5e74\u5728\u300a\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u62a5\u300b\u4e0a\u9996\u5148\u63ed\u9732\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u570b\u5167\u5916\u8f70\u52a8\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u8881\u4e16\u51f1\u5012\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n 04<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n \u548c\u5f35\u5b78\u826f\u7684\u53cb\u8abc<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n 1924\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u76f4\u5949\u6230\u722d\u5f8c\uff0c\u5f35\u4f5c\u9716\u64a4\u5175\u56de\u5230\u700b\u967d\uff0c\u7aef\u7d0d\u8ddf\u96a8\u9867\u7dad\u921e\u3001\u7f85\u6587\u69a6\u3001\u8449\u606d\u7dbd\u806f\u8882\u53bb\u89b2\u898b\uff0c\u7531\u7f85\u6587\u69a6\u7684\u63a8\u85a6\uff0c\u7aef\u7d0d\u505a\u4e86\u5f35\u5b78\u826f\u7684\u9867\u554f\u3002<\/p>\n 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\u6709\u53f2\u6599\u8a18\u8f09\uff0c\u5f35\u5b78\u826f\u6bba\u622e\u694a\u5b87\u9706\u548c\u5e38\u852d\u69d0\uff0c\u4e5f\u8207\u7aef\u7d0d\u6709\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n \u5f35\u4f5c\u9716\u7687\u59d1\u5c6f\u9047\u96e3\u5f8c\uff0c\u7531\u694a\u5b87\u9706\u548c\u5e38\u852d\u69d0\u8f14\u4f50\u5f35\u5b78\u826f\u4e3b\u653f\uff0c\u5728\u5546\u8b70\u653f\u4e8b\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5006\u5e38\u8207\u5f35\u5b78\u826f\u7684\u4f5c\u5c0d\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u5f35\u5b78\u826f\u6028\u6068\uff0c\u5fc3\u61f7\u7fe6\u9664\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u7919\u8457\u662f\u5176\u7236\u7684\u529f\u81e3\uff0c\u7336\u8c6b\u518d\u4e09\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4e0b\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e00\u6b21\u7aef\u7d0d\u554f\u5f35\u5b78\u826f\uff1a\u201c\u82f1\u570b\u5831\u7d19\u62ab\u9732\uff0c\u8aaa\u4f60\u5728\u6377\u514b\u8a02\u8cfc\u4e86\u4e09\u842c\u679d\u69cd\u68b0\uff0c\u6709\u5e38\u852d\u69d0\u81ea\u9435\u8def\u6536\u5165\u4e2d\u4ed8\u6b3e\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u6709\u5426\u6b64\u4e8b\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n 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\u5728\u6771\u5317\u8ecd\u6b78\u9806\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7aef\u7d0d\u4e5f\u8d77\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5317\u4f10\u52dd\u5229\u540e\uff0c\u8523\u4ecb\u77f3\u5c62\u6b21\u6d3e\u8523\u4f2f\u8aa0\u3001\u5433\u9435\u57ce\u898f\u52f8\u5f35\u5b78\u826f\uff0c\u70ba\u907f\u514d\u5167\u6230\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u6771\u5317\u8ecd\u6b78\u9806\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u5f35\u5b78\u826f\u60a3\u5f97\u60a3\u5931\uff0c\u8209\u68cb\u4e0d\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n 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\u5f35\u5b78\u826f\u548c\u611b\u84ee\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u671f\u9593\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u50b3\u8a18\u4f5c\u5bb6Earl Selle\u7684\u300a\u7aef\u7d0d\u53e3\u8ff0\u50b3\u8a18\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u5beb\u5230\u7aef\u7d0d\u548c\u670b\u53cb\u5011\u5728\u90f5\u8239\u4e0a\u804a\u5929\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\uff1a\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u53d7\u5c11\u5e25\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u90a3\u773c\u76ae\u91cd\u5782\uff0c\u78a7\u7da0\u7684\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u6709\u8457\u6bd2\u86c7\u822c\u8ff7\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u6750\u7684\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u7684\u5973\u5152\u611b\u84ee\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u611b\u84ee\u66fe\u7d93\u662f\u4ea4\u969b\u65cb\u6e26\u88e1\u7684\u9802\u5c16\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u5979\u662f\u5145\u6eff\u8a98\u60d1\u529b\u7684\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u5c11\u5e25\u4e5f\u82b1\u904e\u4e0d\u5c11\u6642\u9593\u5728\u4ed6\u8eab\u4e0a\u2026\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n \u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u4e0e\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u7684\u5973\u513f\u7231\u83b2\u5408\u5f71\u3002<\/p>\n 05<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n \u65a1\u65cb\u201c\u897f\u5b89\u4e8b\u8b8a\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n \u7aef\u7d0d\u966a\u5f35\u5b78\u826f\u8003\u5bdf\u6b50\u6d32\u516d\u570b\u540e\uff0c\u65bc1934\u5e74\u4e00\u6708\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\u3002\u8523\u4ecb\u77f3\u592b\u5a66\u7279\u5730\u5f9e\u5357\u4eac\u8d95\u5f80\u676d\u5dde\uff0c\u8acb\u7aef\u7d0d\u66a2\u904a\u897f\u6e56\uff0c\u5728\u904a\u8239\u4e0a\uff0c\u8523\u4ecb\u77f3\u548c\u7aef\u7d0d\u8ac7\u8ad6\u6642\u653f\uff0c\u5b8b\u7f8e\u9f61\u505a\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e00\u9023\u8ac7\u4e86\u56db\u500b\u5c0f\u6642\u3002\u8ac7\u8a71\u7d50\u675f\u5f8c\uff0c\u5b8b\u7f8e\u9f61\u554f\u7aef\u7d0d\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u70ba\u4f55\u4e0d\u5e6b\u6211\u5011\u505a\u4e8b\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n \u7aef\u7d0d\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u5011\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u6211\u6703\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5c11\u5e25\u90a3\u88e1\u7684\u4e8b\u6211\u9084\u6c92\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n 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1935\u5e74\u4e5d\u6708\uff0c\u8523\u4ecb\u77f3\u6d3e\u5f35\u5b78\u826f\u7684\u8ecd\u968a\u79fb\u5e2b\u897f\u5b89\uff0c\u570d\u527f\u7d05\u8ecd\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u5f35\u694a\u6697\u4e2d\u8207\u5ef6\u5b89\u65b9\u9762\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u6d88\u6975\u6020\u547d\uff0c\u8523\u4ecb\u77f3\u7121\u5948\uff0c\u65bc\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u4e03\u65e5\u8d95\u5f80\u897f\u5b89\u7763\u5bdf\u3002<\/p>\n 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1991\u5e74\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf90\u5c81\u9ad8\u9f84\u7684\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\uff08\u56fe\u5de6\uff09\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u8bf4\u5230\uff1a\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u897f\u5b89\u4e8b\u53d8\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u662f\u4e3b\u89d2\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u5b9e\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u662f\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\uff0c\u6768\u864e\u57ce\uff08\u56fe\u53f3\uff09\u624d\u662f\u897f\u5b89\u4e8b\u53d8\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8c0b\u5212\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n 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\u6c89\u9ed8\u7247\u523b\uff0c\u7aef\u7d0d\u53c8\u8aaa\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u6700\u597d\u79fb\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u4f4f\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n \u8523\u4ecb\u77f3\u9ede\u982d\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u96a8\u4f60\u53bb\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n \u4e0d\u4e00\u6703\u5f35\u5b78\u826f\u5099\u597d\u8eca\uff0c\u9001\u8523\u4ecb\u77f3\u548c\u7aef\u7d0d\u5230\u4e86\u65b0\u4f4f\u8655\uff0c\u8523\u4ecb\u77f3\u4ee4\u5f35\u5b78\u826f\u5750\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f35\u8085\u7acb\u4e0d\u6562\u5750\uff0c\u8523\u4ecb\u77f3\u8072\u8272\u4ff1\u53b2\uff0c\u5411\u4ed6\u8a13\u8a71\uff0c\u5f35\u4e0d\u6562\u51fa\u8072\uff0c\u7aef\u7d0d\u62c9\u62c9\u4ed6\u8863\u895f\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u4ed6\u51fa\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n \u5f35\u8d70\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u8523\u4ecb\u77f3\u7a81\u7136\u7528\u82f1\u6587\u5c0d\u7aef\u7d0d\u8aaa\uff1a\u201cFineshed it is finished!\uff08\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u5168\u5b8c\u4e86\uff01\uff09\u201d<\/p>\n \u7aef\u7d0d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u807d\u5230\u8523\u4ecb\u77f3\u8aaa\u82f1\u8a9e\uff0c\u9817\u70ba\u9a5a\u7570\u3002\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u56de\u8a71\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5c0d\u8523\u4ecb\u77f3\u8aaa\u4e86\u5e7e\u53e5\u5bec\u6170\u7684\u8a71\u5c31\u8d70\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c\u5f35\u5b78\u826f\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4efd\u901a\u96fb\uff0c\u5c0d\u7aef\u7d0d\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u9019\u662f\u2018\u4eba\u6c11\u9663\u7dda\u2019\u516b\u9805\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6211\u672c\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u662f\u694a\u864e\u57ce\u8981\u5805\u6301\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u5f97\u9762\u5448\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n \u96a8\u5373\u5169\u4eba\u53c8\u53bb\u6649\u898b\u8523\u4ecb\u77f3\uff0c\u5f35\u5b78\u826f\u5411\u8523\u4ecb\u77f3\u9762\u8b80\u516b\u689d\u901a\u96fb\uff1a<\/p>\n 1\uff0c \u6539\u7d44\u5357\u4eac\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5bb9\u7d0d\u5404\u9ee8\u6d3e\u8ca0\u8cac\u6551\u570b\u3002<\/p>\n 2\uff0c \u505c\u6b62\u4e00\u5207\u5167\u6230\u3002<\/p>\n 3\uff0c \u7acb\u5373\u91cb\u653e\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u88ab\u6355\u4e4b\u611b\u570b\u9818\u8896\u3002<\/p>\n 4\uff0c \u91cb\u653e\u5168\u570b\u4e00\u5207\u4e4b\u653f\u6cbb\u72af\u3002<\/p>\n 5\uff0c \u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6c11\u96c6\u6703\u7d50\u793e\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n 6\uff0c \u958b\u653e\u6c11\u773e\u611b\u570b\u904b\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n 7\uff0c \u78ba\u5be6\u9075\u884c\u5b6b\u7e3d\u7406\u907a\u56d1\u3002<\/p>\n 8\uff0c \u7acb\u5373\u53ec\u958b\u6551\u570b\u6703\u8b70\u3002<\/p>\n \u8523\u4ecb\u77f3\u807d\u7f77\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u751f\u6c23\uff0c\u8a13\u65a5\u4ed6\u4e2d\u4e86\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u5708\u5957\uff0c\u5805\u6c7a\u56de\u7d55\uff0c\u5e76\u5486\u54ee\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u8981\u662f\u628a\u6211\u7576\u9818\u8896\uff0c\u61c9\u8d95\u5feb\u9001\u6211\u56de\u6d1b\u967d\u6216\u5357\u4eac\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8b1b\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u628a\u6211\u7576\u4fd8\u865c\u69cd\u6583\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u591a\u8a00\uff01\u201d<\/p>\n 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1940\u5e74\uff0c\u7aef\u7d0d\u5df2\u662f\u516d\u5341\u4e94\u6b72\u7684\u9ad8\u9f61\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5b8b\u7f8e\u9f61\u8aaa\uff0c\u6309\u897f\u65b9\u5e38\u898f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u5230\u8a72\u9000\u4f11\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\uff0c\u4ed6\u9752\u5e74\u6642\u66fe\u6709\u904a\u6b77\u6771\u5357\u4e9e\u8af8\u570b\u7684\u5922\u60f3\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u8fad\u53bb\u9867\u554f\u8077\u52d9\uff0c\u5be6\u73fe\u7576\u5e74\u7684\u5922\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n 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\u8be5\u5e74\u4e5d\u6708\u56db\u65e5\uff0c\u7aef\u7d0d\u651c\u5e36\u201c\u7f8e\u83ef\u865f\u201d\u904a\u8247\uff0c\u548c\u5b89\u5c0f\u59d0\u4e00\u8d77\u767b\u4e0a\u201c\u96f2\u5357\u865f\u201d\u90f5\u8239\uff0c\u99b3\u5f80\u6d69\u701a\u7684\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u2014\u2014\u5be6\u73fe\u4ed6\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5922\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n \u82f1\u7c4d\u534e\u88d4\u4f5c\u5bb6\u97e9\u7d20\u97f3 (Elisabeth Comber\uff0c1917~2012) \u5bf9\u7aef\u7eb3\u5931\u5ba0\u7684\u5185\u5e55\u6709\u6240\u4e86\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n 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Selle\uff09\u4f86\u627e\u4ed6\uff0c\u5546\u8ac7\u5e6b\u52a9\u64b0\u5beb\u56de\u61b6\u9304\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u3002\u8cfd\u723e\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e5f\u53bb\u904e\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u5728\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u570b\u969b\u5ba3\u50b3\u8655\u8463\u986f\u5149\u5c40\u9577\u624b\u4e0b\u505a\u904e\u4e8b\uff0c\u548c\u7aef\u7d0d\u8a8d\u8b58\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u6642\u7aef\u7d0d\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u76f8\u7576\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u8cfd\u723e\u4e5f\u56e0\u773c\u75be\uff0c\u529b\u4e0d\u5f9e\u5fc3\u3002\u4ed6\u5006\u624d\u63a5\u89f8\u51e0\u5929\uff0c\u7aef\u7d0d\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u54b3\u55fd\u5410\u8840\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u592a\u591a\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u6253\u807d\u5230\u7aef\u7d0d\u548c\u8cfd\u723e\u5408\u4f5c\u5beb\u56de\u61b6\u9304\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u8523\u4ecb\u77f3\u7acb\u523b\u6388\u610f\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\uff0c\u6d3e\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5927\u5916\u5ba3\u7684\u8463\u986f\u5149\u53bb\u91ab\u9662\u201c\u63a2\u8996\u201d\u2026\u2026\u5728\u8463\u986f\u5149\u52f8\u8aaa\u4e0b\uff0c\u7aef\u7d0d\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u5beb\u56de\u61b6\u9304\u7684\u5ff5\u982d\u3002<\/p>\n 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\u4e0a\u6d77\u5b8f\u6069\u91ab\u9662\uff08Country Hospital\uff09\u5efa\u65bc1926\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u8457\u540d\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u5308\u7259\u5229\u4eba\u9114\u9054\u514b\uff08L.E.Hudac\uff09\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u6f58\u69ae\u8a18\u71df\u9020\u5ee0\u627f\u5efa\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u662f\u4e0a\u6d77\u6700\u9ad8\u7d1a\u7684\u91ab\u9662\uff0c\u5b83\u4f4d\u65bc\u5927\u897f\u8def\uff08\u4eca\u5ef6\u5b89\u897f\u8def\uff09221\u865f\u9662\u5167\uff0c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5efa\u7bc9\u70ba\u4e00\u5ea7\u5e73\u9762\u201c\u5de5\u201d\u5b57\u5f62\u76845\u5c64\u5927\u6a13\uff0c\u5efa\u7bc9\u5f0f\u6a23\u627f\u8972\u6b50\u6d32\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u98a8\u683c\uff0c\u5167\u90e8\u88dd\u4fee\u8003\u7a76\uff0c\u8a2d\u65bd\u9f4a\u5168\u3002\u56db\u5468\u6709\u5927\u9762\u7a4d\u7da0\u5730\uff0c\u9662\u5167\u5712\u6797\u8302\u5bc6\uff0c\u9b27\u4e2d\u53d6\u975c\uff0c\u5357\u9762\u7684\u82b1\u5712\u6bd7\u9130\u83ef\u5c71\u8def\uff0c\u7e3d\u9762\u7a4d\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u516c\u9803\u3002<\/p>\n 1949\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5b8f\u6069\u91ab\u9662\u4e3b\u8981\u70ba\u6d0b\u4eba\u3001\u8cb7\u8fa6\u3001\u5bcc\u8c6a\u3001\u8ecd\u95a5\u548c\u570b\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u9ad8\u5b98\u670d\u52d9\u30021950\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u89e3\u653e\u8ecd\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u8ecd\u7ba1\u6703\u63a5\u7ba1\u9019\u5bb6\u91ab\u9662\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u79fb\u4ea4\u7d66\u83ef\u6771\u8ecd\u653f\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u885b\u751f\u90e8\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u5b8f\u6069\u91ab\u9662\u88ab\u6539\u5efa\u70ba\u83ef\u6771\u91ab\u9662\uff0c\u64d4\u8ca0\u8457\u83ef\u6771\u53ca\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u5c40\u7d1a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9ee8\u653f\u8ecd\u9818\u5c0e\u5e79\u90e8\u3001\u9ad8\u7d1a\u5c08\u5bb6\u6559\u6388\u548c\u5916\u8cd3\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u4fdd\u5065\u4efb\u52d9\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5c0d\u6b0a\u793e\u6703\u958b\u653e\u3002\u5176\u8001\u5e74\u91ab\u5b78\u79d1\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u81e8\u5e8a\u91cd\u9ede\u5c08\u79d1\uff08\u540c\u6642\u70ba\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u91cd\u4e2d\u4e4b\u91cd\u81e8\u5e8a\u91ab\u5b78\u91cd\u9ede\u5b78\u79d1\uff09\u3001\u4e2d\u91ab\u8001\u5e74\u79d1\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u91ab\u85e5\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u201c\u5341\u4e8c\u4e94\u201d\u91cd\u9ede\u5c08\u79d1\u3002<\/p>\n 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\u7aef\u7d0d\u5f4c\u7559\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u5b8b\u7f8e\u9f61\u5728\u75c5\u5e8a\u524d\u7528\u82f1\u6587\u70ba\u4ed6\u8aa6\u8b80\u300a\u8056\u7d93\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n 1946\u5e74\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u4e5d\u65e5\u51cc\u6668\uff0c\u7aef\u7d0d\u7d42\u65bc\u9589\u4e0a\u4e86\u75b2\u618a\u7684\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u81e8\u7d42\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u9577\u81e5\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u3002\u800c\u5b8b\u7f8e\u9f61\u7b54\u61c9\uff0c\u5728\u5b8b\u5bb6\u5893\u5712\u5283\u51fa\u4e00\u584a\u5893\u5730\uff0c\u4f9b\u4ed6\u5b89\u846c\u3002<\/p>\n 07<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n \u5b89\u606f\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n \u7aef\u7d0d\u7684\u5927\u6bae\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u80f6\u5dde\u8def\u7684\u842c\u570b\u6baf\u5100\u9928\u8209\u884c\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u8fa6\u904e\u9b6f\u8fc5\u3001\u962e\u73b2\u7389\u2026\u2026\u7121\u6578\u540d\u4eba\u846c\u79ae\u7684\u6baf\u5100\u9928\u3002<\/p>\n 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