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Deleuze)\u548c\u83f2\u5229\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u52a0\u5854\u5229(F\u00e9lix Guattari)\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5343\u9ad8\u539f:\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5c06\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8d77\u6e90\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e3a\u89e3\u57df\u5316\u7684\u8d44\u672c(deterritorialized capital)\u548c\u89e3\u57df\u5316\u7684\u65e0\u8d44\u8d28\u52b3\u52a8\u529b(deterritorialized unqualified 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Grant)\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u6cc9\u5dde\u533b\u9662(\u60e0\u4e16\u533b\u9662)\u4e8e1880\u5e74\u5f00\u4e1a\u3002\u6cc9\u5dde\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8e1866\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u90a3\u513f\u670920\u4e07\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u8239\u8fd0\u4fbf\u5229\u3002\u6c38\u6625\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u5c5e\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7684\u540e\u671f\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u90a3\u91cc\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u6559\u7ad9\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5e38\u9a7b\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u9a86\u7ea6\u7ff0(John Cross)\u4e8e1893\u5e74\u5728\u90a3\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5728\u4e00\u5bb6\u533b\u9662\u4ece\u4e8b\u8fc7\u533b\u7597\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8be5\u9662\u5728\u4ed6\u79bb\u5f00\u65f6\u88ab\u8feb\u5173\u95ed\u30021906\u5e74\u5f00\u4e1a\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u65b0\u533b\u9662\u4e0e\u533b\u5b66\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u9a6c\u58eb\u58a9(Preston 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Laidlaw Maxwell)\u5728\u8be5\u5c9b\u5357\u90e8\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u6559\u673a\u6784\u3002\u800c\u5728\u8be5\u5c9b\u5317\u90e8\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5055\u777f\u7406(George Leslie Mackay)\u7684\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e8e1872\u5e74\u5f00\u542f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82f1\u56fd\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u6d3e\u6765\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u9a6c\u96c5\u5404\u662f\u4e2a\u53d7\u8fc7\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u66fe\u5728\u4f2f\u660e\u7ff0\u7efc\u5408\u533b\u9662\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u9a6c\u96c5\u5404\u5728\u53a6\u95e8\u6559\u4f1a\u540c\u4e8b\u675c\u5609\u5fb7(Carstairs Douglas)\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e\u5e9c\u57ce(\u53f0\u5357)\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e\u5e9c\u57ce\u906d\u5230\u6fc0\u70c8\u62b5\u5236\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u642c\u5230\u4e86\u6253\u72d7(\u9ad8\u96c4)\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u9a6c\u96c5\u5404\u5355\u72ec\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u4f1a\u30021868\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e\u5e9c\u5efa\u7acb\u5e38\u9a7b\u4f20\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u533b\u9662\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u79df\u4e86\u4e00\u5ea7\u623f\u5b50\u548c\u9644\u8fd1\u51e0\u4e2a\u5355\u95f4\uff0c\u53f0\u5357\u533b\u9662\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u7247\u623f\u5b50\u4e2d\u6210\u578b\u7684\u30021895\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5360\u9886\u53f0\u6e7e\u5c9b\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u4f20\u6559\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u533b\u9662\u793c\u62dc\u5802\u548c\u624b\u672f\u5ba4\u7684\u65b0\u9662\u843d\u5efa\u6210\uff0c\u8be5\u533b\u9662\u4e8e1899\u5e74\u5f00\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5bb6\u533b\u9662\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7ed9\u4eba\u6cbb\u75c5\uff0c\u8fd8\u611f\u53ec\u4eba\u4eec\u7688\u4f9d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002\u4ece\u65e9\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u4f20\u6559\u5c31\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7075\u9b42\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u9a6c\u96c5\u5404\u628a\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u5f53\u4f5c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f30\u91cf\u53d1\u5c55\u533b\u7597\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u6210\u679c\u201d\u662f\u201c(\u4eba\u4eec)\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u63a5\u7eb3\u6211\u4eec\u52aa\u529b\u4f20\u64ad\u798f\u97f3\u201d\u3002\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5728\u75c5\u623f\u91cc\u5bf9\u5019\u8bca\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u5e03\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u75c5\u4eba\u51fa\u9662\u540e\u53bb\u770b\u671b\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u5728\u53f0\u5357\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u901a\u8fc71886\u5e74\u7684\u5206\u5de5\u800c\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u533b\u9662\u96c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u8bfb\u7ecf\u5458\uff0c\u5176\u804c\u8d23\u5305\u62ec:\u201c\u4e0e\u4f4f\u9662\u75c5\u4eba\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u6559\u5bfc\u4ed6\u4eec\u9605\u8bfb\u7ecf\u6587;\u5411\u95e8\u8bca\u65e5\u6765\u9662\u7684\u4eba\u51fa\u552e\u5b97\u6559\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u5019\u8bca\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u4ea4\u8c08;\u8bb0\u5f55\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u610f\u7688\u4f9d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u80fd\u5b89\u6392\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5230\u5bb6\u4e2d\u63a2\u8bbf\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img 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src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1776415243943EGJyIU.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-17T08%3A40%3A45Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2Fb561ee96eb906798eb8d232d0ee1869c26f9509258cf439956fc9ea87b082a30\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1924\u5e745\u6708\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u5bf9\u4ef0\u5149\u5b9e\u65bd\u6c34\u8def\u7a81\u88ad<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u6b96\u6c11\u533b\u5b66\u7684\u533b\u751f\u5e38\u5e38\u77a7\u4e0d\u8d77\u4ed6\u4eec\u773c\u4e2d\u4e0d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8c\u8005\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7684\u4e07\u5df4\u5fb7(Patrick Manson)\u66fe\u5728\u53f0\u5357\u6559\u4f1a\u533b\u9662\u548c\u53a6\u95e8\u6d78\u793c\u4f1a\u533b\u9662\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u51e0\u5e74\u3002\u636e\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u70ed\u5e26\u533b\u5b66\u9886\u8896\u4eba\u7269\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u66fc\u68ee\uff0d\u5df4\u8d6b\u5c14(Philip 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src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1776415328474AKCAx3.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-17T08%3A42%3A10Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F8f9cb275b86cf483a7d40b04ce431db4c2f6f2fd881a97042fdf90429d41dff3\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e07\u5df4\u5fb7(Patrick Manson)\uff0c\u70ed\u5e26\u533b\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc1\u79fb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u4f20\u6559\u90fd\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5386\u53f2\u5efa\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u6784\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14\u00b7\u798f\u67ef\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u77e5\u8bc6\u578b\u201d\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e07\u5df4\u5fb7\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u5947\u8ff9\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u601d\u8003\u8fc7\u4e8e\u72ed\u9698\u3002\u4e07\u5df4\u5fb7\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u5176\u5b9e\u9690\u85cf\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u57fa\u7840:\u5b97\u6559\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u7eaf\u5730\u4ee5\u771f\u77e5\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u800c\u63a5\u53d7\u897f\u65b9\u533b\u5b66\u3002\u672a\u7ecf\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u773c\u775b\u65e0\u6cd5\u8f7b\u6613\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u771f\u77e5\u201d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u533b\u7597\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u5047\u8bf4\u6a21\u5f0f\u624d\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u771f\u77e5\uff0c\u800c\u524d\u4e24\u8005\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u5883(\u5373\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0a\u7684\u7f16\u6392)\u6709\u5173\u3002\u65b0\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u3001\u7406\u6027\u548c\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u4eba\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6027\u522b\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u548c\u5360\u6709\u6027\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u90fd\u662f\u754c\u5b9a\u4e0e\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u4e00\u8d77\u8fc5\u731b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u8fd1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u540e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u8eab\u4f53\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc1\u79fb\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\uff0c\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u5934\u8111\u7684\u865a\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u5171\u5b58\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8b\u7269\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6839\u636e\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u54c8\u8fea\u66fc(David Hardiman)\u52fe\u52d2\u4e86\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u536b\u751f\u5b66\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e8619\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u533b\u7597\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u6df1\u6df1\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u5272\u88c2\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u6216\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u601d\u8003\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e8b\u60c5;\u4ed6\/\u5979\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u5f0f\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\/\u5979\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u5408\u53ef\u80fd\u805a\u5408\u51e0\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u521b\u9020\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u8eab\u4f53\/\u7075\u9b42\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8ba4\u77e5\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4ec1\u4fe1(James Johnston)\u6240\u505a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6587\u5b57\u63cf\u8ff0\u9a6c\u96c5\u5404\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9a6c\u96c5\u5404\u533b\u751f\u81ea\u59cb\u81f3\u7ec8\u517c\u987e\u6cbb\u7597\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u62ef\u6551\u7075\u9b42\u3002\u4ed6\u6beb\u4e0d\u63a9\u9970\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u548c\u62ef\u6551\u8ff7\u5931\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4f1f\u5927\u6210\u5c31\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6309\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u662f\u628a\u7075\u9b42\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e8e\u8089\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u800c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u9047\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c71\u5730\u793e\u7fa4\u548c\u5c45\u6c11\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u534f\u8c03\u3001\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7b26\u53f7\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\uff0c\u5f53\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4ec1\u4fe1\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8bdd\u63cf\u7ed8\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e60\u4fd7\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u5171\u5b58\u53d8\u5f97\u6709\u5f62\u53ef\u89c1\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u201c\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5e7f\u5927\u6c11\u4f17\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u65e0\u77e5\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u9648\u65e7\u81ea\u8d1f\u548c\u65e7\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u5b9a\u578b\uff0c\u4e0d\u9002\u5b9c\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u804c\u8d23\u3002\u201d\u5f53\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7518\u4e3a\u9716(William 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B.Struthers)\uff3d\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e86\u9511\u5242\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b89\u5fbd\u6000\u8fdc\u5e02\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u533b\u9662\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u897f\u5965\u591a\u00b7\u8036\u8328(Theodore Markland Yates)(\u7f8e\u56fd\u957f\u8001\u4f1a)\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3002\u5317\u4eac\u534f\u548c\u533b\u9662\u4e5f\u662f\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u6768(Charles W.Young)\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4e54\u65af\u6797\u00b7\u65af\u8fc8\u5229(Jocelyn Smyly)\u7b49\u4eba\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u7684\u9ed1\u70ed\u75c5\u68c0\u6d4b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u6545\u610f\u611f\u67d3\u4ed3\u9f20\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ed3\u9f20\u7ee7\u800c\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u5316\u7597\u836f\u7269\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u54c1\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u88ab\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u5236\u836f\u673a\u5668\u6240\u5438\u7eb3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1888\u5e74\uff0c\u5609\u7ea6\u7ff0(J.G.Kerr)\u53cd\u9a73\u4e86\u4e07\u5df4\u5fb7\u524d\u4e00\u5e74\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u897f\u533b\u4e66\u9662\u5f00\u5b66\u5178\u793c\u4e0a\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u3002\u4e07\u5df4\u5fb7\u5728\u8bb2\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u662f\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u6bcd\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u7ed9\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e26\u6765\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u8005\u3002\u5609\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65b0\u6559\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u660e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u533b\u5b66\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u53c2\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u8bc1\u660e\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u660e\u6559\u5316\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u5404\u81ea\u652f\u6301\u8005\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u90fd\u89e3\u9664\u4e86\u5730\u57df\u4e0a\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a\u90a3\u79cd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u77e5\u8bc6\u578b\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5c06\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u79ef\u7d2f\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u3002\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u6253\u7b97\u5229\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u533b\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f20\u64ad\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u4f20\u6559\u6210\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u533b\u5b66\u9738\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img 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