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src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/e3107e287f57eeb7\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u963f\u8fe6\u00b7\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u00b7\u6c99 \u65d7\u5e1c<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u607a\u52a0\u738b\u671d\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5176\u884c\u653f\u4f53\u5236\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\uff0c\u5e26\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u6e38\u7267\u90e8\u843d\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u607a\u52a0\u738b\u671d\u5efa\u7acb\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u6e38\u7267\u90e8\u843d\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u6ce2\u65af\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u90e8\u843d\u4eba\u53e3\u5360\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u5927\u7ea6 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src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/8413807a7ad06b15\" 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of Finkenstein\uff09\u3002\u6b63\u5f53\u6cd5\u56fd\u51c6\u5907\u9a70\u63f4\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u5374\u4e0e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8bae\u548c\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5c11\u5c06\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u59c6\uff08John 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src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/befed76c471566b9\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5df4\u54c8\u675c\u5170\u65b0\u519b<\/p>\n<p>1821 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u68c0\u9a8c\u519b\u4e8b\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6210\u6548\uff0c\u963f\u5df4\u65af\u00b7\u7c73\u5c14\u624e\u53d1\u52a8\u4e86\u4e0e\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u63a5\u8fde\u53d6\u5f97\u591a\u573a\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5384\u5c14\u7956\u9c81\u59c6\u5927\u6377\u540e\u8feb\u4f7f\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u82cf\u4e39\u540c\u610f\u5c31\u4e24\u56fd\u8fb9\u754c\u5212\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u5384\u5c14\u7956\u9c81\u59c6\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u3002\u963f\u5df4\u65af\u00b7\u7c73\u5c14\u624e\u88ab\u8fd9\u573a\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u51b2\u660f\u4e86\u5934\u8111\uff0c\u4e8e 1826 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