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\u4e00<\/p>\n

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\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5949\u65e8\u6284\u5bb6\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u5927\u91cf\u81e3\u5c5e\u7684\u5106\u793a\u548c\u629a\u6170\u3002\u4e7e\u9686\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6848\u4ef6\u201c\u82e5\u4e0d\u67e5\u52d8\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u4ee5\u670d\u4f17\u3002\u4e7e\u9686\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u5386\u4efb\u7cae\u9053\u6d6e\u6536\u6298\u4ef7\uff0c\u4e7e\u9686\u8c15\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u82e5\u4e0d\u6309\u5f8b\u6cbb\u7f6a\uff0c\u65e0\u4ee5\u670d\u4f17\u4eba\u4e4b\u5fc3\u3002\u201d\u5728\u7aa6\u5149\u9f10\u67e5\u51fa\u5e73\u9633\u77e5\u53bf\u9ec4\u6885\u52d2\u6d3e\u94f6\u4e8c\u5341\u4f59\u4e07\u4e24\u540e\uff0c\u4e7e\u9686\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4f3c\u6b64\u8d2a\u5b98\u6c61\u540f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4e25\u52a0\u60e9\u6cbb\uff0c\u4ffe\u5f97\u7f51\u6f0f\u541e\u821f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8096\u4e4b\u5f92\u8f6c\u76f8\u6548\u5c24\uff0c\u4e8e\u540f\u6cbb\u5927\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff1b\u82e5\u201c\u7f6e\u6b64\u7591\u6848\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u529e\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u670d\u7aa6\u5149\u9f10\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e14\u6d59\u7701\u73b0\u503c\u4e61\u8bd5\u751f\u76d1\u4e91\u96c6\uff0c\u4f17\u53e3\u85c9\u85c9\uff0c\u5c06\u4f55\u4ee5\u670d\u5929\u4e0b\u8206\u8bba\uff1f\u6b64\u4e8b\u5173\u7cfb\u91cd\u5927\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e0d\u5f7b\u5e95\u6839\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u670d\u4f17\u60e9\u8d2a\u201d\u3002\u4e7e\u9686\u665a\u5e74\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u67e5\u6284\u738b\u4eb6\u671b\u7b49\u9ad8\u5b98\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5404\u7701\u7763\u629a\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u201c\u4ee5\u7231\u60dc\u4eba\u6750\u8d77\u89c1\u3002\u5076\u6709\u8fc7\u8bef\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5f03\u7455\u5f55\u7528\uff0c\u91cf\u4e88\u4ece\u5bbd\u201d\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5bf9\u52c7\u63ed\u79ef\u5f0a\u7684\u5c39\u58ee\u56fe\u7684\u65a5\u8d23\uff0c\u5e76\u5927\u5f20\u65d7\u9f13\u5730\u6d3e\u5c39\u5230\u5404\u7701\u201c\u5bc6\u67e5\u201d\u4ed3\u5e93\u94b1\u7cae\u4e8f\u7a7a\u7684\u865a\u4f2a\u4f5c\u6d3e\uff0c\u5e94\u4e0d\u7eaf\u662f\u5bf9\u5c39\u7684\u6349\u5f04\u548c\u7f9e\u8fb1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u5730\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5927\u5458\u4eec\u540c\u58f0\u8054\u6c14\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u906e\u63a9\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u629a\u6170\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u767d\u5f6c\u83ca(Beatrice S. Bartlett)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e7e\u9686\u65f6\u4ee3\u5305\u62ec\u5211\u90e8\u7b49\u90e8\u95e8\u5177\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u884c\u653f\u6548\u7387\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u6210\u719f\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u4f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u64cd\u751f\u6740\u4e88\u593a\u4e4b\u6743\uff0c\u5728\u8bc1\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u60e9\u5904\u5211\u7f5a\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\u6377\uff0c\u800c\u5949\u65e8\u6284\u5bb6\u8fd9\u4e00\u6781\u7aef\u4e3e\u63aa\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u6cd5\u6cbb\u793e\u4f1a\u5ac9\u8d2a\u5982\u4ec7\u8005\u4e0d\u53ef\u5962\u60f3\u3002\u201c\u53ea\u4e00\u9053\u4e0a\u8c15\u5c31\u53ef\u52a8\u5458\u72af\u5b98\u53ca\u5176\u5b50\u5f1f\u7684\u4efb\u6240\u3001\u539f\u7c4d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u65c5\u9014\u7b49\u6709\u5173\u5404\u7701\u7684\u7763\u629a\u3001\u5e03\u3001\u6309\u53ca\u5dde\u53bf\u5b98\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u5c61\u5174\u53cd\u8d2a\u5927\u72f1\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u5374\u5fae\u4e4e\u5176\u5fae\uff0c\u4e00\u7701\u3001\u4e00\u5e9c\u65e0\u5b98\u4e0d\u58a8\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5e38\u4e3a\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u6240\u627f\u8ba4\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8d2a\u8150\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u662f\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u53cd\u8150\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u89e6\u52a8\u5b98\u50da\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u6743\u53d8\u91cf\u53cd\u800c\u6709\u52a0\u65e0\u51cf\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u541b\u5723\u81e3\u777f\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53cd\u8150\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u626c\u6c64\u6b62\u6cb8\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u91dc\u5e95\u62bd\u85aa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u4f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u79c1\u6709\u548c\u5784\u65ad\u7684\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u6b63\u4e49\u3001\u4eba\u6027\u3001\u6c11\u610f\u76f8\u6096\uff0c\u541b\u4e3b\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7ed9\u4e88\u5b98\u5458\u6216\u660e\u6216\u6697\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5373\u738b\u4e9a\u5357\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u505a\u5b98\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u505a\u5b98\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u4ece\u5b98\u573a\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u79cd\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5b9e\u5229\uff0c\u6216\u79cd\u79cd\u867d\u65e0\u660e\u6587\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u5341\u5206\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u7279\u6743\u3002\u201d\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7279\u6743\u5c31\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u989d\u5916\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u58f0\u8a89\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\u7b49\u798f\u5229\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5927\u529b\u5ba3\u4f20\u5b98\u5458\u865a\u5e7b\u7684\u9ad8\u5c1a\u54c1\u683c\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5b98\u5458\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u58f0\u671b\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u7279\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u4e0b\u5c5e\u5411\u4e0a\u7ea7\u9001\u793c\uff0c\u662f\u7279\u6743\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u5e94\u5bf9\u7279\u6743\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u53c8\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u4e4b\u5f40\u3002\u5b5f\u5fb7\u65af\u9e20\uff08C.L.Montesquieu,1689\u20141755\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u65e0\u8bba\u5bf9\u54ea\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e0a\u7ea7\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u9001\u793c\u7269\u3002\u201d\u5eb7\u7199\u4e5d\u5e74\uff081670\uff09\u8bae\u51c6\uff1a\u201c\u5b98\u5458\u56e0\u4e8b\u5924\u7f18\u9988\u9001\u793c\u7269\uff0c\u53d1\u89c9\u4e4b\u65e5\uff0c\u4e0e\u8005\u3001\u53d7\u8005\u7686\u9769\u804c\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u4e7e\u9686\u672c\u4eba\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u70ed\u8877\u4e8e\u53d7\u793c\u3002\u5eb7\u65e0\u4e3a\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e7e\u9686\u51fa\u5de1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u6536\u793c\u3002\u4e7e\u9686\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5b98\u573a\u82de\u82f4\u516c\u884c\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u65e9\u671f\u5bf9\u9001\u793c\u4e0e\u884c\u8d3f\u7684\u4e0d\u5f53\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u52a9\u957f\u4e86\u884c\u8d3f\u4e4b\u98ce\u3002\u5728\u8282\u65e5\u3001\u5347\u8fc1\u3001\u751f\u65e5\u7b49\u573a\u5408\u7ed9\u4e0a\u53f8\u9001\u793c\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b98\u573a\u5e38\u6001\u3002\u5c71\u4e1c\u5de1\u629a\u56fd\u6cf0\u88ab\u52be\uff0c\u6284\u5c80\u5c71\u4e1c\u5728\u4efb\u3001\u5019\u8865\u5404\u5b98\u9664\u4e00\u4eba\u5916\uff0c\u4ff1\u6709\u793c\u5355\uff1b\u201c\u5e73\u65f6\u5e74\u8282\u5c5e\u5458\u9001\u793c\u7684\u591a\u82e5\u5982\u5bff\u65e5\u3002\u53f8\u9053\u5404\u5e9c\u9664\u6c34\u793c\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u9001\u79c1\u793c\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u91d1\u73e0\u3001\u671d\u73e0\u3001\u4eba\u53c2\u7b49\u7269\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e09<\/p>\n

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\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u571f\u5730\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u4e86\u5b98\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6743\u529b\u534f\u4f5c\u3002\u4e7e\u9686\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u5de1\u629a\u9e64\u5e74\u594f\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u5e55\u5ba2\u4eec\uff0c\u201c\u631f\u6709\u4f59\u8d40\uff0c\u6216\u8d38\u6613\u884c\u76d0\uff0c\u6216\u7ecf\u8425\u7f6e\u4ea7\u3002\u2026\u2026\u56e0\u800c\u4ea4\u7ed3\u5b98\u957f\uff0c\u8054\u7edc\u80e5\u540f\u201d\u3002\u5e55\u5ba2\u7684\u8868\u9762\u505a\u6cd5\u663e\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u9690\u6027\u6240\u4e3a\u3002\u4e0d\u53d7\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u662f\u5b98\u5458\u655b\u8d22\u548c\u7406\u8d22\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b98\u5458\u804c\u52a1\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6536\u5165\u603b\u4e0e\u5b98\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5171\u8c0b\u76f8\u4f34\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u7ed3 \u8bed<\/p>\n

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