![](\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1777494963235FYnrK7.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-04-29T20:36:03Z\/86400\/host\/a859dd5ca15c8a9ffd6e170ec2b4d211e6dcf1a4f1da9850f0f1d2b1ae1dc75f\")
<\/p>\n\u4f5c\u8005: \u8d75\u521a\u00a0 \u00a0\u6765\u6e90: \u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e1b\u520a<\/p>\n
\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981<\/p>\n
\u672c\u6587\u805a\u7126\u53f0\u6e7e\u5149\u590d\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u6279\u5224\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u53f2\u89c2\u5bf9\u5149\u590d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6d88\u89e3\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u9519\u8bef\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u91cd\u7533\u5149\u590d\u662f\u53f0\u6e7e\u56de\u5f52\u7956\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u5ba3\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u6218\u540e\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7ec8\u6218\u201d\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u5408\u53f0\u6e7e\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u63ed\u9732\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u56de\u63a8\u6027\u5386\u53f2\u7f16\u5199\u201d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u91cd\u7533\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u5e76\u672a\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u8ff7\u601d\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6297\u65e5\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u7956\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u8ba4\u540c\uff1b\u201c\u6b96\u6c11\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u201d\u8bba\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u6b96\u6c11\u7684\u63a0\u593a\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u7684\u201c\u88ab\u52a8\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u201d\uff1b\u4ee5\u6574\u4f53\u53f2\u89c2\u8fd8\u539f\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e0e\u7956\u56fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8054\u7cfb\u53ca\u5149\u590d\u53f2\u89c2\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
1945\u5e7410\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u533a\u53f0\u6e7e\u7701\u53d7\u964d\u4e3b\u5b98\u9648\u4eea\uff08\u53f3\u4e00\uff09\u63a5\u53d7\u65e5\u672c\u6295\u964d\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6295\u964d\u4e66<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u4e2a\u9000\u5316\u53f2\u89c2\uff1a\u4ece\u5149\u590d\u5230\u201c\u6218\u540e\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n 1945\u5e749\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u8fce\u6765\u6700\u7ec8\u5149\u8363\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u679c\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u4e59\u672a\u5272\u53f0\u540e\u88ab\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6b96\u6c1150\u5e74\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u590d\u5f52\u7956\u56fd\uff0c\u4e24\u5cb8\u518d\u6b21\u8054\u7ed3\u3001\u4eba\u6c11\u518d\u5ea6\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5185\u6218\u5168\u9762\u7206\u53d1\u63a5\u8e35\u800c\u81f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53f0\u6e7e\u88ab\u7ed1\u7f1a\u5728\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8054\u7ed3\u663e\u5f97\u8106\u5f31\u3001\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4e14\u7d27\u5f20\u5c40\u4fc3\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5f53\u4e0d\u4e86\u90a3\u7406\u5e94\u8574\u542b\u5145\u5206\u4ea4\u5f80\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\uff0c\u4e14\u4e00\u4f53\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u7edf\u4e00\u201d\u4e4b\u540d\u3002\u201c\u5149\u590d\u521d\u671f\u201d\uff081945\u20141949\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5f90\u79c0\u6167\uff0c\u5c31\u4ee5\u5168\u4e2d\u56fd\u89c6\u89d2\u5b9a\u6027\u5f53\u65f6\u9648\u4eea\u4e3b\u653f\u671f\u95f4\uff081945\u5e7410\u6708\u20141947\u5e744\u6708\uff09\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u5c40\u52bf\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u5377\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\u5904\u4e8e\u56fd\u5171\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u4e0d\u7a33\u7684\u653f\u7ecf\u793e\u4f1a\u5c40\u52bf\u4e2d\u3002\u201d[1]1947\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u4e8c\u00b7\u4e8c\u516b\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5373\u662f\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u65f6\u4ee3\u75c5\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5e78\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u56e0\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5f53\u5c40\u6076\u6027\u63a5\u6536\u800c\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u6297\u8bae\u3001\u53cd\u6297\uff0c\u4e5f\u9891\u73b0\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u5927\u9646\u5404\u5730\u3002\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u540e\u6765\u6240\u88c5\u626e\u7f16\u9020\u7684\u90a3\u822c\u2014\u2014\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u89e3\u7684\u4e27\u949f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5686\u77e2\u3002\u8fd9\u9664\u4e86\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5e76\u975e\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e00\u5730\u7684\u5b64\u4f8b\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u6839\u636e1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\u4e0d\u5230\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u5c9b\u5c7f\u4e0a\u5c31\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u4e24\u5cb8\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u8270\u96be\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u76f8\u4e92\u8d8b\u8fd1\u3001\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5bfb\u7d22\u5305\u62ec\u53f0\u6e7e\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u672a\u6765\u9053\u8def\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u300a\u53f0\u6e7e\u65b0\u751f\u62a5\u00b7\u6865\u300b\u526f\u520a\u96c6\u5408\u7701\u5185\u5916\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u8bba\u4e89\uff09\u3002[2]\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7701\u5185\u5916\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u52301949\u5e74\u6625\u590f\u4e4b\u4ea4\uff0c\u767d\u8272\u6050\u6016\u5730\u72f1\u4e4b\u95e8\u5f00\u542f\u624d\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u800c\u6740\u622e\u4e0e\u76d1\u7981\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u65e2\u6709\u201c\u672c\u7701\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u201c\u5916\u7701\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4ea4\u7ec7\u7740\u632b\u6298\u4e0e\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u4e24\u5cb8\u8054\u7ed3\uff0c\u4e0d\u5230\u56db\u5e74\u5c31\u518d\u5ea6\u9677\u5165\u6f2b\u957f\u4e14\u8f83\u4e4b\u65e5\u672c\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u5c24\u4e3a\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5206\u65ad\u30021949\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u754c\u3001\u5404\u9636\u7ea7\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5f53\u5c40\u6e83\u8d25\u81f3\u53f0[3]\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7403\u51b7\u6218\u683c\u5c40\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u5375\u7ffc\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5272\u636e\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\u3002\u5176\u95f4\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u4ea4\u6d41\u76f4\u52301980\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u624d\u8f83\u6b63\u5e38\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n \u300a\u53f0\u6e7e\u65b0\u751f\u62a5\u00b7\u6865\u300b\u526f\u520a<\/p>\n \u56de\u987e\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e0d\u96be\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u660e\u9053\u7406\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u53f2\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u89c6\u91ce\uff0c\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bf4\u597d\u5b83\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n 1945\u5e748\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5ba3\u5e03\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u6295\u964d\uff0c10\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u53f0\u5317\u4e3e\u884c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\u53d7\u964d\u5178\u793c\u3002\u8fd9\u5373\u662f\u6b64\u540e\u5c9b\u5c7f\u4e0a\u5e86\u795d\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5149\u590d\u8282\u201d\u7684\u7531\u6765\u3002\u63c6\u5176\u521d\u5fc3\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u662d\u793a\u5265\u6781\u800c\u590d\uff0c\u91cd\u5f52\u7956\u56fd\u800c\u540e\u518d\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5f53\u5c40\u5c06\u81ea\u8eab\u7ed1\u5165\u4eb2\u7f8e\u53cb\u65e5\u7684\u6218\u540e\u51b7\u6218\u683c\u5c40\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\u5185\u5efa\u8bf8\u591a\u7981\u5fcc\u626d\u66f2\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5149\u590d\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u7a7a\u6d1e\u56e0\u5faa\u3001\u6b32\u8bed\u8fd8\u4f11\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5149\u590d\u7684\u610f\u4e0e\u4e49\uff0c\u7ec8\u5728\u201c\u672c\u571f\u5316\u201d\u4e0e\u5927\u4f17\u6d88\u8d39\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u65f6\u6f6e\u4e0b\u9010\u5e74\u84b8\u53d1\uff0c\u7a7a\u4f59\u5f62\u9ab8\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u53cd\u7701\u80fd\u91cf\u4e5f\u6d88\u5931\u6b86\u5c3d\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u59cb\u4e71\u201d\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5149\u590d\u4e4b\u540d\u6700\u540e\u4e5f\u906d\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6743\u6240\u201c\u7ec8\u5f03\u201d\u3002\u65e9\u57281995\u5e74\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u5e02\u957f\u7684\u9648\u6c34\u6241\u4e8e10\u670825\u65e5\u5728\u53f0\u5317\u8857\u5934\u904d\u63d2\u201c\u7ec8\u6218\u201d\u5927\u65d7\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u53d6\u6d88\u201c\u5149\u590d\u201d\u4e4b\u59cb\u4f5c\u3002[4]2000\u5e74\uff0c\u5149\u590d\u8282\u4f5c\u4e3a\u957f\u8fbe40\u4f59\u5e74\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8282\u5047\u65e5\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u4f5c\u5e9f\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u56e2\u4f53\u201d\u4e43\u81f3\u6c11\u8fdb\u515a\u5f53\u5c40\uff0c\u516c\u7136\u9f13\u5439\u4ee58\u670815\u65e5\u4e3a\u201c\u4e8c\u6218\u7ec8\u6218\u7eaa\u5ff5\u65e5\u201d\u30022005\u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u53f0\u6e7e\u5149\u590d60\u5468\u5e74\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u66fe\u65c5\u5c45\u65e5\u672c\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u4e14\u662f\u9648\u6620\u771f\u5148\u751f1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6218\u53cb\u66fe\u5065\u6c11\u533b\u5e08\uff0c\u5c31\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u53d1\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b\u6168\u53f9\uff1a<\/p>\n \u201c\u5149\u590d\u201d\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\uff0c\u201c\u7ec8\u6218\u201d\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u3002\u98ce\u5439\u8349\u5043\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u601d\u8003\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u6587\u5316\u754c\u3001\u5a92\u4f53\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u5f00\u53e3\u95ed\u53e3\u201c\u7ec8\u6218\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\u65f6\u9ae6\u3002\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u201c\u7ec8\u6218\u201d\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u5ef6\u7eed\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6218\u540e\u65e5\u672c\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u7528\u8bed\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u627f\u8ba4\u65e5\u672c\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u4fb5\u7565\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u4e14\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u65e5\u672c\u6218\u8d25\u6295\u964d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4fee\u8f9e\u3002\u6709\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u662f\u7f9e\u4e8e\u542f\u53e3\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u66fe\u7ecf\u53d7\u8fc7\u65e5\u672c\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u6b96\u6c11\u6b3a\u538b\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b50\u6c11\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u968f\u7740\u65e5\u672c\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5f00\u53e3\u95ed\u53e3\u201c\u7ec8\u6218\u201d\u800c\u4e0d\u81ea\u77e5\u3002[5]<\/p>\n \u5bf9\u53f0\u6e7e\u5149\u590d\u76f4\u52301949\u5e74\u5e95\u56fd\u5e9c\u8d25\u9000\u6765\u53f0\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56db\u5e74\uff0c21\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7814\u7a76\u9887\u591a\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u867d\u662f\u6b64\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u7684\u95e8\u5916\u6c49\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u59a8\u788d\u6211\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u6446\u7740\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u73b0\u8c61\u4ea7\u751f\u597d\u5947\uff1a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e14\u56e0\u7acb\u573a\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u6cfe\u6e2d\u5206\u660e\u3002\u6709\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6218\u540e\u521d\u671f\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u300a\u201c\u53bb\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u201c\u518d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5316\u201d\u2014\u2014\u6218\u540e\u53f0\u6e7e\u6587\u5316\u91cd\u5efa\uff081945\u20141947\uff09\u300b[6]\u3001\u9648\u7fe0\u83b2\u300a\u6218\u540e\u521d\u671f\u53f0\u6e7e\u653f\u6cbb\u7ed3\u793e\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6001\uff1a\u66f9\u6c38\u548c\u5148\u751f\u516b\u5341\u5bff\u5e86\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u300b[7]\u3001\u9648\u82b3\u660e\u300a\u6218\u540e\u521d\u671f\u53f0\u6e7e\u65b0\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u4e0e\u987f\u632b\u300b[8]\u3002\u6709\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5149\u590d\u521d\u671f\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u5f90\u79c0\u6167\u300a\u56de\u5f52\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1a\u5149\u590d\u521d\u671f\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u6587\u5316\u573a\u57df\u4e0e\u6587\u5b66\u601d\u6f6e\u300b[9]\u3001\u6731\u53cc\u4e00\u300a\u5149\u590d\u521d\u671f\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u201c\u9c81\u8fc5\u98ce\u6f6e\u201d\u300b[10]\u3001\u9648\u662d\u745b\u300a\u5149\u590d\u521d\u671f\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u6587\u5316\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5b66\u300b[11]\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u672c\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u5982\u6b64\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u884c\u6587\u4e4b\u65f6\u89c6\u8bed\u4e49\u8bed\u5883\u4ea4\u53c9\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u7edf\uff0f\u5de6\u6d3e\u5b66\u8005\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u6218\u540e\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5218\u8fdb\u5e86\u7684\u300a\u53f0\u6e7e\u6218\u540e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5206\u6790\u300b[12]\uff0c\u6216\u9648\u6620\u771f\u5173\u4e8e\u6218\u540e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba[13]\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u4e4b\u95ee\u9898\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u76f4\u6263\u6c11\u65cf\u7edf\u4e00\u6216\u5206\u88c2\u4e4b\u5927\u65e8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u822a\u884c\u5728\u6538\u5173\u7edf\u72ec\u6597\u4e89\u6c34\u57df\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u6b64\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u3001\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8239\u53ea\u6302\u4e0a\u201c\u6218\u540e\u201d\u6216\u662f\u201c\u5149\u590d\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u6210\u52bf\u4e0d\u4e24\u7acb\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7528\u540d\u8005\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u800c\u65d7\u5e1c\u53c8\u7ecf\u5e38\u76f8\u5f53\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u89c4\u8bad\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0e\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u201d\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5c16\u9510\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7acb\u610f\u4e8e\u8ba9\u8f83\u9690\u6666\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e89\u8bae\u70b9\u66f4\u660e\u6670\u6d6e\u73b0\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u8fbe\u6210\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u7231\u77e5\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u6559\u6388\u300a\u201c\u53bb\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u201c\u518d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5316\u201d\u2014\u2014\u6218\u540e\u53f0\u6e7e\u6587\u5316\u91cd\u5efa\uff081945\u20141947\uff09\u300b\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u300a\u6587\u5316\u91cd\u5efa\u300b\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u3001\u5206\u6790\u5e76\u660e\u6717\u5316\u5176\u9690\u6027\u6216\u201c\u540e\u8bbe\u201d\u7684\u4e66\u5199\u610f\u6db5\uff0c\u8fbe\u6210\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e89\u8bae\u573a\u57df\u7684\u56fe\u793a\u6548\u679c\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u6b64\u4e66\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8f83\u5168\u9762\u5730\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u5b66\u672f\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ea0\u7ed3\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u6d77\u5ce1\u4e24\u5cb8\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u91cc\u88ab\u9891\u7e41\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u65e5\u6587\u7248\u5916\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u7e41\u4f53\u7248\u4e0d\u5230\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u9646\u4e5f\u53d1\u884c\u4e86\u7b80\u4f53\u7248\u3002[14]\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u6709\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u65e5\u6587\u7248\u57281999\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u540e\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u56db\u7bc7\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u4e66\u8bc4\uff0c\u4e14\u201c\u7686\u6307\u51fa\u6b64\u4e66\u662f\u5f00\u62d3\u6218\u540e\u53f0\u6e7e\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u4e4b\u4f5c\u201d\u3002[15]<\/p>\n \u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\uff1a\u300a\u201c\u53bb\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u201c\u518d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5316\u201d\uff1a\u6218\u540e\u53f0\u6e7e\u6587\u5316\u91cd\u5efa\uff081945\u20141947\uff09\u300b\uff08\u4fee\u8ba2\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u9ea6\u7530\u51fa\u72482017\u5e74\u7248<\/p>\n \u5728\u5b66\u672f\u6846\u67b6\u5185\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u5448\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u201c\u5149\u590d\u201d\u4e00\u6d3e\uff0c\u201c\u6218\u540e\u201d\u4e00\u6d3e\u7684\u5b66\u672f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e14\u6b20\u7f3a\u8282\u5236\u7684\u65e2\u5b9a\u653f\u6cbb\u8bae\u7a0b\u5728\u80f8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u5e08\u5176\u6210\u5fc3\u201d\u4fbf\u4f7f\u5f97\u65e0\u8bba\u8d44\u6599\u6216\u89e3\u91ca\u867d\u5468\u7eb3\u6df1\u6587\u5374\u5de6\u652f\u53f3\u7ecc\uff0c\u65f6\u73b0\u504f\u6267\u7684\u5f3a\u8052\u4e0e\u96be\u89e3\u7684\u6c89\u9ed8\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5149\u590d\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0e\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5bf9\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ee5\u8f83\u5927\u7bc7\u5e45\u8ba8\u8bba\u300a\u6587\u5316\u91cd\u5efa\u300b\u5173\u4e8e\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u8bbe\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e8c\u3001\u5149\u590d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6b63\u5f53\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n \u300a\u6587\u5316\u91cd\u5efa\u300b\u5f00\u7bc7\u5934\u4e00\u53e5\uff1a\u201c1945\u5e74\uff0c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6218\u8d25\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u8131\u79bb\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u91cd\u5f52\u4e2d\u56fd\u7248\u56fe\u3002\u201d\u201c\u91cd\u5f52\u4e2d\u56fd\u7248\u56fe\u201d\uff0c\u76f4\u89c2\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u6bd4\u201c\u91cd\u5f52\u7956\u56fd\u201d\u6765\u5f97\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u201d\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f3a\u8c03\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\uff0c\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u53e5\u4e0b\u4e86\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n \u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u628a\u53f0\u6e7e\u91cd\u5f52\u4e2d\u56fd\u7248\u56fe\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5149\u590d\u201d\uff0c\u8a00\u4e0b\u4e4b\u610f\u6709\u201c\u518d\u5ea6\u7edf\u6cbb\u201d\u6216\u201c\u91cd\u56de\u7956\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8131\u79bb\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e4b\u540e\u6210\u7acb\u65b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e9a\u975e\u65e7\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u5374\u628a\u8131\u79bb\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e00\u4e8b\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u201d\u6216\u201c\u89e3\u653e\u201d\u3002\u201c\u5149\u590d\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bed\u6c47\u91cc\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u6db5\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u533a\u5728\u6218\u540e\u5404\u81ea\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8f68\u8ff9\u4ea6\u662f\u9020\u6210\u6b64\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u8d77\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8be6\u53c2\u5434\u5bc6\u5bdf\uff3b\u2026\u2026\uff08\u6240\u5f15\u4e66\u76ee\u4ece\u7565\uff09\uff3d\u3002\u62d9\u8457\u5c06\u53f0\u6e7e\u88ab\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u63a5\u6536\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ee5\u201c\u6218\u540e\u201d\u79f0\u4e4b\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u8bf8\u5982\u201c\u5149\u590d\u540e\u201d\u6216\u201c\u89e3\u653e\u540e\u201d\u6216\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u201d\u7b49\u7b49\u5e26\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u6db5\u7684\u8bed\u6c47\u3002\u552f\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u82e5\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u5149\u590d\u201d\u7b49\u8bcd\uff0c\u5219\u4ecd\u6839\u636e\u539f\u6587\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n \u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u53f0\u6e7e\u6bd5\u7adf\u4e0d\u66fe\u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u201c\u4e9a\u975e\u65e7\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u540e\u201c\u6210\u7acb\u65b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u62d2\u7edd\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u5149\u590d\u201d\u5374\u660e\u663e\u8bed\u7109\u4e0d\u8be6\uff0c\u53ea\u4ee5\u201c\u5149\u590d\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u201d\u540c\u56e0\u201c\u5e26\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u201d\u4e3a\u7531\u800c\u5f03\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u201d\u4e5f\u8005\uff0c\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u4ee5\u8bcd\u6c47\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e0e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6070\u5982\u65e5\u672c\u4fb5\u534e\u671f\u95f4\u9009\u62e9\u4ee5\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bed\u8bcd\u201c\u8fdb\u51fa\u201d\u4ee3\u66ff\u201c\u4fb5\u7565\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u4f7f\u65e5\u672c\u5f53\u5c40\u66f4\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6218\u540e\u201d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u89c1\u5f97\u5c31\u6bd4\u201c\u5149\u590d\u201d\u6765\u5f97\u66f4\u4e0d\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u201d\u30022007\u5e74\u6b64\u4e66\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f0\u6e7e\u51fa\u7248\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u5149\u590d\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u65e5\u636e\u201d\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u63a8\u6ce2\u52a9\u6f9c\u4e0b\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u8bed\u8bcd\uff0c\u88ab\u201c\u6218\u540e\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u65e5\u6cbb\u201d\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u800c\u7406\u7531\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u8f83\u5ba2\u89c2\u3002\u6211\u6307\u5bfc\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u535a\u58eb\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f3a\u6c42\u5979\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u65e5\u636e\u201d\uff0c\u9000\u800c\u6c42\u5176\u529d\u5bfc\u5979\u4ee5\u201c\u65e5\u6b96\u201d\u53d6\u4ee3\u201c\u65e5\u6cbb\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u906d\u59d4\u5a49\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5f62\u52bf\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u201c\u6218\u540e\u201d\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u795e\u7ecf\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7d27\u7ef7\u4e0b\u654c\u6211\u8fa8\u660e\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\u5f0f\u8bed\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u5374\u5355\u6307\u5176\u4f59\u4e00\u4f17\u7686\u201c\u5e26\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u6db5\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6bd4\u8f83\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53cd\u8eab\u6027\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n \u6211\u9057\u61be\u4e8e\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u4e0d\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u56de\u907f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8e\u4ed6\u3001\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u6216\u5149\u590d\u201d\u4e4b\u4e89\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u76f4\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e0e\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u7eb7\u7eb7\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u53f0\u6e7e\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u7956\u56fd\u6218\u8d25\u7b7e\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u6761\u7ea6\u4ece\u800c\u5272\u88c2\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7701\u4efd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u65e5\u5e1d\u6218\u8d25\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8fce\u6765\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u201c\u5149\u590d\u201d\u4e4b\u540d\u7684\u56de\u5f52\u7956\u56fd\u30021941\u5e7412\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba3\u5e03\u5bf9\u65e5\u3001\u5fb7\u3001\u610f\u5ba3\u6218\uff0c\u5e76\u5ba3\u544a\u5373\u65e5\u5e9f\u9664\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u9a6c\u5173\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u5728\u5185\u7684\uff09\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u6d89\u53ca\u4e2d\u65e5\u4e4b\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\u4e0e\u534f\u5b9a\u3002\u5ba3\u6218\u4e0e\u5e9f\u7ea6\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u5f00\u542f\u53f0\u6e7e\u5149\u590d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5951\u673a\u201d[16]\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u6297\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u8131\u53f0\u8d74\u9646\u6295\u8eab\u6297\u6218\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u5fd7\u58eb\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u5149\u590d\u201d\u6b63\u662f\u5bf9\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u201d\u7684\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u674e\u53cb\u90a6\u968f\u5373\u4e8e1942\u5e741\u6708\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u53f0\u6e7e\u9769\u547d\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u4e4b\u4efb\u52a1\u300b\uff1a<\/p>\n \u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d7\u4e86\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u675f\u7f1a\uff0c\u7956\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e0e\u4e1c\u5317\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4f59\u6ca6\u9677\u533a\u76f8\u63d0\u5e76\u8bba\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u5411\u5176\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u65e5\u5bc7\u624b\u4e2d\u53bb\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u53bb\u594b\u6597\u4e89\u53d6\uff0c\u800c\u4eca\u5929\u5c31\u4e0d\u540c\u4e86\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u4ee5\u53ca\u7409\u7403\u7b49\u5272\u5730\uff0c\u5747\u53ef\u5217\u5165\u5e94\u201c\u6536\u590d\u201d\u4e4b\u201c\u56fd\u571f\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u4e4b\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\uff0c\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5355\u7531\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u5411\u65e5\u5bc7\u4e89\u53d6\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u4e0e\u7956\u56fd\u540c\u80de\u5171\u540c\u5411\u65e5\u5bc7\u201c\u6536\u590d\u201d\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e86\u3002[17]<\/p>\n \u674e\u53cb\u90a6<\/p>\n \u53f0\u6e7e\u56de\u5f52\u7956\u56fd\uff0c\u5149\u590d\u800c\u975e\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u7b26\u5408\u5386\u53f2\u4e4b\u6b63\u4e49\uff0c\u4e14\u88ab\u591a\u9879\u56fd\u9645\u6761\u7ea6\u548c\u5ba3\u8a00\u6240\u786e\u8ba4\u30021943\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u5f00\u7f57\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u660e\u786e\u5ba3\u5e03\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u901a\u8fc7\u6218\u4e89\u6240\u7a83\u53d6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e1c\u5317\u56db\u7701\u3001\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e0e\u6f8e\u6e56\u5217\u5c9b\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5f52\u8fd8\u4e2d\u56fd\u30021945\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6ce2\u8328\u5766\u516c\u544a\u300b\u786e\u5b9a\u300a\u5f00\u7f57\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u65b9\u9488\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u65e5\u672c\u4e3b\u6743\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u5149\u590d\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u534e\u8f9e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5168\u7403\u6b96\u6c11\u53f2\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u201d\u7684\u53bb\u6b96\u6c11\u57fa\u7840\u6216\u8d77\u70b9\uff1b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u610f\u6db5\uff0c\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b64\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8d44\u6df1\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u5e38\u8bc6\u201d\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u4ee4\u4eba\u8d39\u89e3\u5730\u62d2\u7edd\u201c\u5149\u590d\u201d\u4e4b\u540d\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u539f\u56e0\u5230\u5e95\u4e3a\u4f55\uff1f\u300a\u6587\u5316\u91cd\u5efa\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4ece\u5934\u5230\u5c3e\u662f\u4ee5\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u201d\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d9\u4e8b\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5386\u53f2\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8bd5\u4e3e\u4e00\u4f8b\uff0c\u5f53\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u4e3a\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u6587\u5316\u534f\u8fdb\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u673a\u5173\u520a\u7269\u300a\u53f0\u6e7e\u6587\u5316\u300b\u7684\u6587\u827a\u7c7b\u6587\u7ae0\u4f5c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5217\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u7528\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u201c\u53d1\u660e\u5386\u53f2\u201d\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u520a\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u662f\u4ee5\u201c\u5185\u5730\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u672c\u7701\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u201c\u7701\u5916\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u7701\u5185\u201d\u4e3a\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u5076\u5c14\u4f1a\u663e\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u56de\u63a8\u6027\u5386\u53f2\u7f16\u5199\u201d\u7684\u51b2\u52b2\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ed6\u4f1a\u9020\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff1a\u201c\u300a\u53f0\u6e7e\u6587\u5316\u300b\u520a\u8f7d\u2018\u5185\u5730\u6587\u5316\u4ecb\u7ecd\u2019\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u2018\u672c\u7701\u548c\u5185\u5730\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u2019\uff0c\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u53f0\u6e7e\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u201d[18]\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\u201d\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u662f\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n \u82e5\u662f\u4ece\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u8282\u5e03\u5c40\u7740\u624b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5012\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e24\u5343\u5b57\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u672c\u4e13\u8457\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u6982\u8ff0\u800c\u8a00\u9887\u7cbe\u7701\u7684\u300a\u524d\u8a00\u300b\u91cc\uff0c\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u5f00\u5c55\u5176\u8bba\u70b9\u7684\uff1a\uff081\uff091945\u5e74\u53f0\u6e7e\u91cd\u5f52\u4e2d\u56fd\u7248\u56fe\u3002\uff082\uff09\u4f46\u662f1937\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u7687\u6c11\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\u5df2\u5c06\u201c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u4e86\u201d\u3002\uff083\uff09\u4e9a\u6d32\u524d\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u5efa\u8bbe\u201d\uff08nation\u2014building\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u56fd\u5bb6\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u6218\u540e\u521d\u671f\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u6b63\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6001\u52bf\u201d\u3002\uff084\uff09\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6b64\u4e00\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u5efa\u8bbe\u201d\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5374\u662f\u7531\u5916\u800c\u81f3\u7684\u56fd\u5e9c\uff0c\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5c06\u201c\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u7684\u201d\u201c\u975e\u6211\u56fd\u6c11\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u53bb\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u201c\u518d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5316\u201d\u3002\uff085\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u201c\u6587\u5316\u91cd\u5efa\u201d\u201c\u6240\u6784\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4ece\u4e0a\u5c42\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u5f3a\u5236\u4ea7\u751f\u201d\u3002[19]\u5728\u8fd9\u6761\u201c\u903b\u8f91\u94fe\u201d\u91cc\uff0c\u6700\u8df3\u8dc3\u7684\u662f\u7b2c\uff083\uff09\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u5f84\u76f4\u5c06\u53f0\u6e7e\uff0c\u7ecf\u7531\u53bb\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u9001\u5165\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u201d\u4e00\u7c7b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u79fb\u82b1\u63a5\u6728\u5ef6\u4f38\u800c\u51fa\u7684\u610f\u601d\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u662f\uff1a\u56e0\u5df2\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u590d\u5f52\u4e3a\u9009\u9879\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\uff0c\u672c\u5e94\u9009\u62e9\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u5efa\u8bbe\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u5374\u662f\u7531\u5916\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5f3a\u5236\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u201c\u704c\u8f93\u201d\u7ed9\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u3002\u300a\u6587\u5316\u91cd\u5efa\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u5230\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9648\u4eea\u7684\u201c\u957f\u5b98\u516c\u7f72\u201d\u7684\u5404\u8859\u95e8\u53ca\u5176\u201c\u5916\u56f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u53bb\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u201c\u518d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5316\u201d\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u884c\u653f\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u804c\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e32\u610f\u601d\u91cc\u5df2\u7ecf\u5185\u5316\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff1a1945\u5e74\u63a5\u6536\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u662f\u201c\u5916\u6765\u653f\u6743\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u5916\u6765\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u4f4e\u7b49\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u5e9c\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u822c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5f88\u96be\u8ba4\u540c\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u2018\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u2019\u201d[20]\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5df2\u7ecf\u2026\u2026\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e86\u4e24\u8005\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\u201d[21]\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4f4e\u9636\u6587\u660e\u63a5\u6536\u3001\u6559\u5316\u9ad8\u9636\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8352\u8c2c\u5267\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u4ecd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u660e\u843d\u5dee\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u201c\u4e8c\u00b7\u4e8c\u516b\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u201c\u53bb\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u201c\u518d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5316\u201d\u53d8\u672c\u52a0\u5389\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u7eff\u706f\uff0c\u76f4\u52301980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e0b\u534a\u672c\u571f\u5316\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u96c6\u7ed3\u6210\u52bf\uff0c\u624d\u8ba9\u90a3\u201c\u4e8c\u5316\u201d\u906d\u5230\u6700\u987d\u5f3a\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff1b\u5386\u53f2\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u673a\u8fd0\u3002\u5728\u300a\u524d\u8a00\u300b\u7684\u5c3e\u58f0\uff0c\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u56de\u5230\u5f53\u4ee3\u53f0\u6e7e\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u201c\u5f53\u4ee3\u53f2\u201d\u5173\u8054\u7ed9\u6311\u660e\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n 1987\u5e74\u201c\u6212\u4e25\u4ee4\u201d\u5e9f\u9664\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u81f3\u62d9\u8457\u521d\u7a3f\u6267\u7b14\u4e2d\u76841995\u5e74\u65f6\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7eb3\u672c\u571f\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u591a\u5143\u6982\u62ec\u7684\u201c\u6587\u5316\u7edf\u5408\u201d(cultural integration)\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u2026\u2026\u62d9\u8457\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u85c9\u7531\u5bf9\u6587\u5316\u91cd\u5efa\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u68c0\u8ba8\uff0c\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u5c14\u540e\u6587\u5316\u7edf\u5408\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u3002[22]<\/p>\n \u201c\u6587\u5316\u91cd\u5efa\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6587\u5316\u7edf\u5408\u201d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5206\u522b\u6807\u5fd7\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u5bf9\u524d\u8005\u7684\u514b\u670d\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u8ba4\u8bc6\u201d\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u201c\u6210\u5c31\u201d\u5c31\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53e6\u7c7b\u7684\u201c\u5fc6\u82e6\u601d\u751c\u201d\u5427\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7531\u674e\u767b\u8f89\u653f\u6743\u4e8e1993\u5e74\u6240\u5f00\u542f\u7684\u4f9d\u7f8e\u4eb2\u65e5\u53cd\u4e2d\u3001\u5347\u7ea7\u4e24\u5cb8\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u5bf9\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u5efa\u8bbe\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u5219\u4ee5\u201c\u6587\u5316\u7edf\u5408\u201d\u4e4b\u540d\u9ad8\u5ea6\u80af\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e8e\u662f\u8ba9\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u60f3\u8d77\u9648\u82b3\u660e\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff1a\u201c\u518d\u6b96\u6c11\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u53bb\u6b96\u6c11\u201d\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u6b63\u662f\u5bf9\u524d\u8005\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u3002[23]\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e66\u5199\u90fd\u4f01\u56fe\u628a\u53f0\u6e7e\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bf4\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u201c\u5149\u590d\u201d\u4e00\u540d\u4e8e\u5f7c\u7b49\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u80cc\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u4f55\u4ee5\u4e00\u518d\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u5f00\u201c\u5149\u590d\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8f9e\u8d39\u800c\u53e4\u602a\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u2014\u2014\u201c\u91cd\u5f52\u4e2d\u56fd\u7248\u56fe\u201d\u3002\u201c\u7248\u56fe\u201d\u5e76\u975e\u8d58\u8bcd\uff0c\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6c11\u65cf\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e00\u4f53\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u82e5\u4ece\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\uff0c\u201c\u7248\u56fe\u201d\u4e8c\u5b57\u4e0d\u557b\u6625\u79cb\u7b14\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n \u5bf9\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u6218\u540e\u201d\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u201d\u201c\u5149\u590d\u201d\u90fd\u4fdd\u6301\u51b7\u6f20\u7b49\u8ddd\u7684\u201c\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u201d\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u6216\u201c\u53e6\u7c7b\u9009\u62e9\u201d\u2014\u2014\u6bd5\u7adf\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5177\u65b9\u5411\u4e0e\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u526f\u8bcd\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\u53d6\u6d88\u201c\u5149\u590d\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6b32\u671b\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u201d\u4fdd\u5b58\u53ef\u80fd\u2014\u2014\u662f\u8fd8\u9b42\u6240\u9700\u7684\u501f\u5c38\u3002\u8fd9\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u201c\u6218\u540e\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e09\u3001\u76f4\u9762\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u8ff7\u601d<\/strong><\/p>\n \u300a\u6587\u5316\u91cd\u5efa\u300b\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u524d\u63d0\u4e0a\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u5c9b\u5c7f\u4e0a\u201c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u4e86\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5e94\u662f\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5316\u201d\uff08\u800c\u975e\u65e5\u672c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5316\u6216\u65e5\u672c\u6587\u5316\u5316\uff09\u3002[24]\u8fd9\u4e00\u53e5\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u201d\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4fee\u8f9e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u4ece\u672a\u8ba9\u90a3\u201c\u5c11\u6570\u201d\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u73b0\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8bba\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6b8b\u7559\u6216\u201c\u5176\u4f59\u4eba\u53e3\u201d\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u201c\u51e0\u4e4e\u201d\u4e8c\u5b57\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8f83\u771f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u538b\u8feb\u4e4b\u5904\u5c31\u6709\u53cd\u6297\uff0c\u6709\u201c\u5316\u201d\u5c31\u6709\u201c\u6297\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u51e0\u4e4e\u201d\u5c31\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u53cd\u6297\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u5e0c\u671b\u7a7a\u95f4\u6216\u4e0d\u6b7b\u4e4b\u706b\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u901a\u7bc7\u65e0\u610f\u4e8e\u8bf4\u660e\u4f55\u4ee5\u201c\u51e0\u4e4e\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6728\u5df2\u6210\u821f\u8bba\u201d\uff1a\u5373\u4fbf\u6614\u65e5\u66fe\u4e3a\u4e2d\u534e\u6728\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u5df2\u6210\u65e5\u672c\u821f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u8fd9\u8fb9\u8fde\u4eba\u90fd\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u7684\u201c\u5149\u590d\u201d\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u5f3a\u66b4\uff0c\u6216\u4e00\u5ea7\u6c99\u4e2d\u4e4b\u5854\u3002<\/p>\n \u5415\u6b63\u60e0\u66fe\u611f\u6168\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u5728\u8bba\u8ff0\u65e5\u636e\u65f6\u4ee3\u53f0\u6e7e\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7684\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u2018\u60f3\u8c61\u2019\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53f2\u6599\u3002\u201d[25]\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u952e\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0a\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u524d\u63d0\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u5408\u683c\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6027\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u7bc71987\u5e74\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u671f\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u3002[26]\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u8282\u63a2\u8ba8\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5434\u65b0\u8363\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u8fdb\u884c\u8bba\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u8bfb\u8005\u4ece\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u884c\u6587\u7684\u59ff\u6001\u6240\u5408\u7406\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u603b\u4f53\u6027\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6587\u732e\u7684\u201c\u5f15\u7528\u201d\u9887\u4e3a\u7275\u5f3a\u3002[27]\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u8fd9\u82cd\u767d\u7684\u201c\u5b66\u672f\u5f15\u7528\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u663e\u652f\u7ecc\u5730\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u5219\u4e2a\u4eba\u56de\u5fc6\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u201c\u65ad\u8a00\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u5316\uff0c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u53f6\u77f3\u6d9b\uff081925\u20142008\uff09\u56de\u5fc6\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u53f0\u6e7e\u8bdd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u65ad\u8a00\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u6709\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u201d[28]\u5728\u300a\u6587\u5316\u91cd\u5efa\u300b\u7684\u522b\u5904\u7ae0\u8282\u91cc\uff0c\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u6839\u636e\u5f20\u826f\u6cfd\u7684\u201c\u63a8\u6d4b\u201d\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u65e5\u8bed\u666e\u53ca\u7387\u4e3a70%\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4600\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\u91cc\u6709420\u4e07\u65e5\u8bed\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u53e3\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u53f6\u77f3\u6d9b\u7684\u201c\u65ad\u8a00\u201d\u6216\u662f\u5f20\u826f\u6cfd[29]\u7684\u201c\u63a8\u6d4b\u201d\uff0c\u90fd\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u672c\u4e8e\u4e00\u7b14\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u8d44\u6599\uff1a1944\u5e74\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u7684\u5b66\u9f84\u513f\u7ae5\u5165\u5b66\u7387\u662f71.31%\u3002[30]\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u7684\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6839\u5e95\u4e8e\u201c\u5b66\u9f84\u513f\u7ae5\u5165\u5b66\u7387\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u63a8\u4f30\u3002\u6839\u636e\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u8005\u8fd1\u85e4\u6b63\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c1942\u5e74\uff0c\u6c49\u65cf\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u65e5\u8bed\u6e17\u900f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u8fbe\u5230\u201c\u5e38\u7528\u8005\u201d\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u662f19.6%\u3002[31]\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u6cd5\u652f\u6301\u201c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u4e86\u201d\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n \u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u5c06\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u8bed\u201d\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u64cd\u4f5c\u6307\u6807\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u5b9e\u8d28\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u8bed\u5316\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\uff0c\u906e\u853d\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u8bed\u5316\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b49\u4e8e\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5316\u201d\u5417\uff1f\u4e8c\u662f\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5316\u201d\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u81ea\u8ba4\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u7531\u6b96\u6c11\u4f53\u5236\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u56de\u7b54\u800c\u672a\u88ab\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n \u9664\u4e86\u6587\u732e\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u64cd\u4f5c\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u6728\u5df2\u6210\u821f\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u8ba9\u6574\u4e2a\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u57fa\u7840\u5d29\u584c\u7684\u5371\u673a\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u201c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u4ee5\u53ca\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u90fd\u96be\u4ee5\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u60b2\u60e8\u60c5\u5883\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u679c\u771f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u201d\uff08\u6216\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u5728\u4ed6\u5904\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u201d[32]\uff09\uff0c\u8bda\u7136\u662f\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\u201c\u5149\u590d\u201d\u4e86\uff1b\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u53d6\u6d88\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u201d\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u201c\u89e3\u653e\u201d\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u5efa\u8bbe\u201d\uff0c\u7b80\u76f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5c06\u6c38\u6052\u6f02\u6d41\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u865a\u7a7a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u63a5\u53d7\u751a\u81f3\u80af\u5b9a\u65e5\u672c\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u653f\u6743\u4e8e1937\u5e74\u4e2d\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u4e8e\u201c\u603b\u529b\u6218\u201d\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u529b\u4e0e\u4eba\u547d\u52a8\u5458\u201d\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u53f0\u6e7e\u96f7\u9706\u884c\u8fdb\u7684\u8bf8\u5982\u7981\u6b62\u6c49\u6587\u3001\u201c\u7687\u6c11\u5316\u201d\u53ca\u5176\u201c\u56fd\u8bed\u5316\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8[33]\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u6025\u8e81\u6700\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u516b\u5e74\u95f4\u8ba9\u201c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6574\u672c\u300a\u6587\u5316\u91cd\u5efa\u300b\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u8fd8\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53ca\u65e5\u672c\u5f53\u5c40\u7c97\u66b4\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6279\u5224\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c31\u88ab\u4ece\u6279\u5224\u8005\u7684\u811a\u4e0b\u62bd\u6389\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u201c\u7687\u6c11\u5316\u201d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6df1\u7a76\u53ea\u9700\u63a5\u53d7\u201c\u540e\u679c\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4ee5\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u53bb\u6279\u5224\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u201c\u53bb\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u201c\u518d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5316\u201d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u57fa\u7840\u4f55\u5728\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n \u597d\u5728\uff0c\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u4e86\u201d\u7684\u201c\u6728\u5df2\u6210\u821f\u8bba\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u7ed3\u5408\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002<\/p>\n \u6781\u5c11\u6570\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u7684\u786e\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e5\u672c\u8bed\u5316\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e0a\u8ba4\u540c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u30021923\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u6210\u957f\u4e8e\u201c\u7687\u6c11\u5316\u201d\u9ad8\u5206\u8d1d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u66fe\u5c31\u8bfb\u4e8e\u201c\u4eac\u90fd\u5e1d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u674e\u767b\u8f89\uff08\u65e5\u6587\u540d\uff1a\u5ca9\u91cc\u653f\u7537\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e3a\u4eba\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u8bed\u5316\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4e3b\u89c2\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5316\u201d\u4e24\u6761\u4ef6\u7686\u5907\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u5427\u3002\u4ed6\u5411\u6765\u4e3b\u8981\u8bfb\u7684\u662f\u65e5\u6587\u4e66\uff0c\u81ea\u79f0\u4ee5\u65e5\u6587\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6df1\u7231\u5251\u9053\uff0c\u4e0e\u592b\u4eba\u5bb6\u5c45\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u8bed\uff0c\u4e14\u7ec8\u751f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u674e\u767b\u8f89\u89c6\u4e3a\u65e5\u636e\u672b\u671f\u201c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u4e86\u201d\u7684\u4f8b\u8bc1\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5219\u5927\u8c2c\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u90fd\u4f1a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0e\u516c\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u8b66\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u804c\u5458\u548c\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u5458\u7b49\u201c\u4e2d\u95f4\u9636\u5c42\u201d\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u5b66\u4e60\u65e5\u8bed\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u201c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201d\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u88ab\u538b\u6291\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u76f8\u4fe1\u3001\u5982\u6b64\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4fdd\u969c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u5bb3\u201d\u3002[34]\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u56fa\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f4e\u4f30\u65e5\u672c\u6b96\u6c11\u4f53\u5236\u5bf9\u6c49\u8bed\u7684\u7834\u574f\u4e0e\u5265\u593a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c49\u8bed\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e00\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u65b9\u8a00\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u95fd\u5357\u8bdd\u6216\u662f\u5ba2\u5bb6\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u65f6\u65e0\u6cd5\u64bc\u52a8\u5176\u6839\u57fa\u2014\u2014\u9664\u4e86\u6b96\u6c11\u540e\u671f\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u9752\u58ee\u90fd\u4f1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7cbe\u82f1\u5982\u53f6\u77f3\u6d9b\u6216\u674e\u767b\u8f89\u7b49\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u6bcd\u8bed\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5168\u7136\u79bb\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e3a\u4e86\u514d\u4e8e\u6b67\u89c6\u800c\u751f\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u96be\u514d\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u201c\u4f5c\u4f2a\u201d\u72b6\u6001\uff1b\u8fd9\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u91cc\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u9762\u4ece\u8179\u80cc\u201d\u3002\u9a79\u8fbc\u6b66\u8bba\u65ad\uff1a\u201c\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u3001\u671d\u9c9c\u4eba\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u2018\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u2019\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u539f\u7406\u4e0a\u662f\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u80cc\u53db\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5c31\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u590d\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u2018\u540c\u5316\u2019\u2018\u4e00\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1\u2019\u3002\u201d[35]\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5185\u5916\u77db\u76fe\u72b6\u51b5\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u66f4\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bf9\u201c\u5316\u201d\u9020\u6210\u9690\u6027\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u201c\u8868\u91cc\u5982\u4e00\u201d\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u800c\u6781\u5c11\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5728\u77db\u76fe\u4e0e\u6323\u624e\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u89c4\u6a21\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u513f\u7ae5\u4e0e\u5c11\u5e74\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c1a\u672a\u4ea7\u751f\u8bba\u8ff0\uff08\u5ba3\u4f20\uff09\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u529b\uff0c\u4e14\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u7b49\u62bd\u8c61\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u6ca6\u4e3a\u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684\u52a8\u5458\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9a79\u8fbc\u6b66\u62a5\u5bfc\u4e86\u4e00\u5219\u4ed61990\u5e74\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e\u4ee5\u65e5\u8bed\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005A\u5148\u751f\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n \u90a3\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u662f\u53bb\u53c2\u52a0\u8fc7\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u6210\u4e3a\u4f24\u6b8b\u5175\u56de\u6765\u7684\u519b\u4eba\u3002\u770b\u5230\u5c0f\u5b69\u5c31\u63cd\u3002\u66f4\u4f55\u51b5\u662f\u53f0\u6e7e\u5c0f\u5b69\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u554a\u3002\u2026\u2026\u4f24\u6b8b\u519b\u4eba\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u5728\u95f2\u8c08\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u6253\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ed7\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd8\u5f88\u5c0f\u554a\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u9ad8\u5174\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8001\u5e08\u518d\u591a\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e9b\u561b\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u5c31\u753b\u5766\u514b\u3001\u94a2\u76d4\uff0c\u8bf4\u4ed6\u600e\u6837\u6740\u652f\u90a3\u4eba\u3002\u2026\u2026\u5f53\u65f6\u6d77\u519b\u5de5\u5458\u5728\u62db\u4eba\uff0c\u8001\u5e08\u4e5f\u6bcf\u5929\u62fc\u547d\u53eb\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u65e5\u672c\u3002\u8001\u7238\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u53bb\u65e5\u672c\u5e72\u561b\u3002\u201d\u4e0d\u51c6\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u3002\u2026\u2026\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u5e74\u7eaa\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u8f88\u8fd8\u662f\u90fd\u8bb2\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bdd\u7684\u554a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8bf4\u4e2d\u56fd\u6253\u80dc\u4ed7\u7684\u8bdd\u5f88\u597d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5b69\u5c31\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6ca1\u8fd9\u56de\u4e8b\uff0c\u8001\u5e08\u8bf4\u65e5\u672c\u6253\u8d62\u7684\u8bdd\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u3002\u201d\u5e74\u7eaa\u5927\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u4e5f\u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u79d8\u5bc6\u2026\u2026[36]<\/p>\n \u9a79\u8fbc\u6b66\uff1a\u300a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5e1d\u56fd\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7edf\u5408\u300b\uff0c\u5434\u5bc6\u5bdf\u3001\u8bb8\u4f69\u8d24\u3001\u6797\u8bd7\u5ead\u8bd1\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u4e2d\u5fc32017\u5e74\u7248<\/p>\n \u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ee3\u9645\u3001\u57ce\u4e61\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u548c\u9636\u7ea7\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7ea0\u7f20\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u7684\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u8bed\u5316\u201d\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u6240\u80fd\u8377\u8f7d\u3002\u4ece\u90fd\u5e02\u5230\u4e61\u9547\u5230\u519c\u6751\u5230\u5c71\u5730\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u90e8\u843d\uff0c\u65e5\u8bed\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u5316\u8d70\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u4e0b\u964d\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u5e02\u95fd\u5357\u4eba\u7684\u65e5\u8bed\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9ad8\u4e8e\u805a\u5c45\u4e61\u95f4\u7684\u5ba2\u5bb6\u4eba\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53c8\u9ad8\u4e8e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u3002\u6bcd\u8bed\u4e3a\u95fd\u5357\u8bed\u6216\u662f\u5ba2\u5bb6\u8bed\u6216\u662f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u65e5\u8bed\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5916\u8bed\uff0c\u4ece\u7b80\u6613\u7684\u542c\u4e0e\u8bf4\u5230\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u8bfb\u4e0e\u5199\uff0c\u4ece\u201c\u65e5\u6cfe\u6d5c\u201d\u5230\u201c\u4ee5\u65e5\u8bed\u601d\u8003\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u9996\u5148\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u201c\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u672c\u201d\u3002[37]<\/p>\n \u5728\u90fd\u5e02\u5e73\u539f\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u4ea7\u95fd\u5357\u4eba\u7684\u786e\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6210\u529f\u5730\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u8bed\u5316\u201d\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u6210\u529f\u8eab\u5fc3\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u4e86\u5417\uff1f1940\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e0a\u534a\uff0c\u201c\u603b\u529b\u6218\u201d\u52a8\u5458\u767d\u70ed\u5316\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8c61\u5f81\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u5dc5\u5cf0\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u975e\u201c\u5fd7\u613f\u5175\u53c2\u52a0\u201d\u83ab\u5c5e\u3002\u201c\u7687\u6c11\u5316\u6587\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u9648\u706b\u6cc9\u7684\u300a\u9053\u300b\uff0c\u8bf4\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9752\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u5929\u7687\u6548\u5fe0\u7684\u8840\u4e0e\u706b\u7684\u6d17\u793c\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u201c\u652f\u90a3\u201d\u6b8b\u4f59\u201c\u51c0\u5316\u201d\u7684\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u5c42\u9762\u770b\uff0c\u6781\u4e3a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u5374\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u8bed\u5316\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u53c2\u4e0e\u201d\u7adf\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u8bed\u5316\u201d\u6700\u4e0d\u666e\u53ca\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\uff08\u65e5\u6587\u5206\u7c7b\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u9ad8\u7802\u65cf\u201d\uff09[38]\uff0c\u4ee5\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u7387\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7adf\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u53c2\u6218\u7387\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u5ba2\u5bb6\u4eba\uff08\u201c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u65cf\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u518d\u5176\u6b21\u624d\u662f\u95fd\u5357\u4eba\uff08\u201c\u798f\u5efa\u65cf\u201d\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u804c\u4e1a\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u4eba\u53e3\u201c\u5360\u538b\u5012\u6027\u591a\u6570\u201d\u3002[39]\u4e8e\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u8bed\u5316\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540a\u8be1\uff1a\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u8bed\u5316\u201d\u8f83\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8eb2\u907f\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002\u53ef\u60b2\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65e5\u540e\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\uff0c\u5374\u53c8\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u7531\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u91cc\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f18\u52bf\u7fa4\u4f53\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u201c\u8a00\u8bf4\u6743\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u81ea\u8eab\u7279\u5f81\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u201d\u5efa\u6784\u3002\u201c\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u201d\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u4ee5\u504f\u6982\u5168\u201d\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u5371\u673a\u3002\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u5728\u5168\u4e66\u5f00\u7bc7\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u53f6\u77f3\u6d9b\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u62bd\u7a7a\u7684\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u5168\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u65e5\u8bed\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6218\u65f6\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u6b96\u6c11\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7fa4\u4f53\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6548\u7528\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5f31\u52bf\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u6218\u65f6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0b\u66f4\u4e3a\u8270\u96be\u8106\u5f31\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e4b\u6545\uff0c\u5bf9\u5ba3\u4f20\u673a\u5668\u6240\u6295\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u5e0c\u671b\u201d\u75c5\u6bd2\u66f4\u52a0\u65e0\u6cd5\u514d\u75ab\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u9886\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d70\u4e0a\u53c2\u519b\u4e4b\u8def\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u7687\u6c11\u5316\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u3002\u5415\u8d6b\u82e51944\u5e74\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u6e05\u79cb\u300b\uff0c\u66a7\u6627\u542b\u6df7\u5730\u8bf4\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0d\u505c\u51fa\u73b0\u5e94\u8bb8\u7740\u80fd\u62c9\u62d4\u5c9b\u4eba\u8d85\u8131\u538b\u6291\u3001\u82e6\u95f7\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u51fa\u8def\u7684\u82e6\u5883\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u201c\u8fbd\u9614\u7684\u5929\u7a7a\u4e0b\u96c4\u98de\u201d\u7684\u201c\u5357\u65b9\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u540d\u8bcd\u3002\u4ece\u4e1c\u4eac\u5b66\u533b\u56de\u5230\u6545\u4e61\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f00\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5411\u4e00\u5f00\u5c0f\u98df\u5802\u7684\u79df\u5ba2\u63d0\u51fa\u9000\u79df\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u672c\u6765\u4ed6\u9887\u5fd0\u5fd1\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u65e5\u5de7\u9047\u79df\u5ba2\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u672c\u6253\u7b97\u53e6\u89c5\u5730\u70b9\u7ee7\u7eed\u8425\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u6b63\u5de7\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u8d77\u5357\u65b9\u884c\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u996e\u98df\u5e97\u8425\u4e1a\u7684\u524d\u9014\u7edd\u671b\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u51b3\u5fc3\u653e\u5f03\u800c\u53bb\u5357\u65b9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u987f\u89c9\u8f7b\u677e\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5373\u5c06\u51fa\u53d1\u2026\u2026\u201d\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u53bb\u5357\u65b9\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4ece\u519b\u201d\u3002[40]\u6218\u65f6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0b\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u65e0\u4e1a\u3001\u5931\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u53c2\u519b\uff0c\u5e94\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u519b\u8005\u6218\u540e\u81ea\u6d77\u5357\u3001\u5357\u6d0b\u7b49\u5730\u56de\u5230\u6218\u540e\u6c11\u751f\u51cb\u655d\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\uff0c\u518d\u5ea6\u9762\u4e34\u65e0\u4e1a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u4e8c\u00b7\u4e8c\u516b\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u66b4\u52a8\u7fa4\u4f17\u3002\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u5c06\u201c\u4e8c\u00b7\u4e8c\u516b\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f52\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u6218\u540e\u53f0\u6e7e\u6587\u5316\u91cd\u5efa\u201d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4e0e\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6781\u5ea6\u5316\u7ea6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u4e14\u540c\u65f6\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5411\u65e5\u672c\u6b96\u6c11\u4f53\u5236\u8ffd\u7a76\u95ee\u8d23\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u4e0e\u52c7\u6c14\u3002<\/p>\n 1947\u5e742\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u201c\u4e8c\u00b7\u4e8c\u516b\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/p>\n \u5982\u679c\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u786e\u5b9e\u5df2\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u81f3\u5c11\u4e5f\u5e94\u5728\u901a\u5a5a\u6307\u6807\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u5c55\u73b0\u5427\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u603b\u7763\u5e9c\u5b98\u65b9\u8c03\u67e5\u8bfe\u201d\u7684\u300a\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u53e3\u52a8\u6001\u7edf\u8ba1\u300b\uff0c1905\u20141942\u5e74\u201c\u5185\u53f0\u5171\u5a5a\u201d\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c37\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u603b\u201c\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u201d\u4e3a493\u5bf9\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u5185\u5730\u4eba\u592b\u00b7\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u59bb\u201d\u662f128\u5bf9\uff0c\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u592b\u00b7\u5185\u5730\u4eba\u59bb\u201d\u662f365\u5bf9\u3002[41]\u6570\u503c\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u4f4e\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\u6b96\u6c11\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u5efa\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u9600\u63a7\u901a\u5a5a\u5165\u7c4d\u4e4b\u95e8\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u7d27\u95ed\u4f8b\u5916\u7a0d\u5f00\uff0c\u65e2\u4f7f\u4eba\u4e0d\u81f3\u7edd\u671b\uff0c\u53c8\u4f7f\u201c\u8840\u7f18\u7eaf\u51c0\u201d\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5de9\u56fa\u4e3b\u5974\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u201c\u4e5d\u4e00\u516b\u4e8b\u53d8\u201d\u540e1932\u5e7411\u6708\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u5185\u53f0\u5171\u5a5a\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6539\u53d8\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6b96\u6c11\u672b\u671f\u76841942\u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fc7\u603b\u517146\u5bf9\u201c\u5185\u53f0\u5171\u5a5a\u201d\u3002\u53f0\u6e7e\u5973\u6027\u5ac1\u7ed9\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u5c24\u5176\u5c11\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5373\u4fbf\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u901a\u5a5a\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u5fc5\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u201c\u5185\u5730\u4eba\u201d\u6237\u7c4d\uff0c\u6240\u751f\u5b50\u5973\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u79c1\u751f\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u9f99\u745b\u5b971936\u5e74\u7684\u8457\u540d\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u690d\u6709\u6728\u74dc\u6811\u7684\u5c0f\u9547\u300b\u91cc\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e95\u5c42\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u9648\u6709\u4e09\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5e38\u80f8\u95f7\u6c14\u77ed\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u5e38\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u201c\u5feb\u4e50\u7684\u7a7a\u60f3\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u8fd0\u6c14\u597d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8ddf\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u59d1\u5a18\u604b\u7231\u8fdb\u800c\u7ed3\u5a5a\u5427\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u6b64\u800c\u516c\u5e03\u4e86\u2018\u5185\u53f0\u5171\u5a5a\u6cd5\u2019\u5417\uff1f\u4f46\u8981\u7ed3\u5a5a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6210\u4e3a\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u517b\u5b50\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6539\u4e3a\u5185\u5730\u4eba\u6237\u7c4d\uff0c\u85aa\u6c34\u53ef\u52a0\u516d\u6210\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u79cd\u79cd\u5229\u76ca\u2026\u2026\u201d[42]\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u85aa\u8d44\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u76f4\u52301945\u5e744\u6708\u56e0\u8feb\u5207\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u52a8\u5458\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u5f85\u9047\u6539\u5584\u201d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u624d\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u3002\u4f46\u6b64\u65f6\u8ddd\u79bb\u6218\u8d25\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5230\u4e94\u4e2a\u6708\u4e86\u3002[43]\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5f53\u5c40\u8ba4\u771f\u60f3\u8981\u653e\u5f03\u6c11\u65cf\u4f18\u52bf\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7ec8\u7ed3\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e3b\u5974\u67b6\u6784\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u57281944\u5e74\u5e95\u624d\u7740\u624b\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u7eb2\u8981\uff0c\u201c\u4f46\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u8fd8\u6765\u4e0d\u53ca\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5c31\u8fce\u5411\u6218\u8d25\u548c\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u201d\u3002[44]<\/p>\n \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8bb6\u5f02\u4e8e\u81ea\u4e2d\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u72c2\u5377\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u201c\u53bb\u4e2d\u56fd\u5316\u201d\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u6307\u6807\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u672c\u5c9b\u4eba\u6539\u59d3\u540d\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u5e74\u5a01\u903c\u5229\u8bf1\u7684\u52a8\u5458\uff0c1943\u5e74\u5e95\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff1a\u6539\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u59d3\u540d\u7684\uff0c\u5360\u5168\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u53ea\u67092.06%\uff0c\u82e5\u4ee5\u5168\u6237\u6570\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u67091.69%\u3002[45]\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u76f8\u5f53\u60ca\u4eba\u3002\u4e3a\u4f55\u5982\u6b64\uff1f\u7b14\u8005\u5be1\u95fb\uff0c\u672a\u89c1\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4f46\u6839\u636e\u7b14\u8005\u731c\u60f3\uff0c\u5e94\u4e0e\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6c49\u6587\u5316\u5e95\u8574\u6df1\u539a\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u89c6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bb6\u65cf\u8840\u8109\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4f20\u627f\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u5fe0\u5b5d\u7b49\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u652f\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u201c\u59d3\u201d\u3002\u7687\u6c11\u5316\u65f6\u671f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u6539\u59d3\u540d\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u6096\u8bba\u5f0f\u5730\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u5bb6\u65cf\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u59d3\u540d\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u5168\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u30021941\u5e74\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u9648\u59d3\u5b97\u7960\u51b3\u8bae\u201c\u547c\u5401\u5168\u5c9b\u7684\u9648\u59d3\uff0c\u4e00\u4eba\u4e0d\u7559\u5730\u5168\u6539\u59d3\u540d\u201d[46]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u65e0\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5bb6\u65cf\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u514d\u4e8e\u6d41\u6563\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u6539\u4e86\u59d3\u540d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6b64\u4e2d\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5316\u201d\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u5185\u5728\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n \u8fd1\u85e4\u6b63\u5df1\uff1a\u300a\u603b\u529b\u6218\u4e0e\u53f0\u6e7e\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u300b\uff0c\u6797\u8bd7\u5ead\u8bd1\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u4e2d\u5fc32014\u5e74\u7248<\/p>\n \u5728\u738b\u6636\u96c4\u4ee5\u201c\u7687\u6c11\u5316\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6323\u624e\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\u76841943\u5e74\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u5954\u6d41\u300b\u91cc\uff0c\u90a3\u66fe\u201c\u79bb\u5f00\u5341\u5e74\u4f4f\u60ef\u4e86\u7684\u4e1c\u4eac\u201d\u56de\u5230\u53f0\u6e7e\uff0c\u65e0\u53ef\u5948\u4f55\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u4e1a\u5f53\u4e0a\u4e61\u6751\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u65f6\u5e38\u68a6\u56de\u201c\u5173\u4e1c\u5e73\u539f\u7684\u51ac\u6674\u4e4b\u7f8e\u201d\uff0c[47]\u4e0e\u5ff5\u53ca\u5c31\u611f\u5230\u8840\u6f6e\u201c\u5954\u6d41\u201d\u7684\u90a3\u4f4d\u201c\u4e1c\u4eac\u67d0\u826f\u5bb6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u6027\u201d\uff0c[48]\u800c\u611f\u5230\u5bc2\u5bde\u6c89\u95f7\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u6d2a\u67d0\uff0c\u5c31\u56e0\u7ed3\u8bc6\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u201c\u5178\u578b\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4e24\u96be\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f69\u670d\u751a\u81f3\u5411\u5f80\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u540d\u6731\u6625\u751f\u7684\u5a36\u4e86\u201c\u5185\u5730\u4eba\u201d\u4e3a\u59bb\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u201c\u4f0a\u4e1c\u6625\u751f\u201d\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u77e2\u5fd7\u8ba9\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0e\u7075\u9b42\u5b8c\u5b8c\u5168\u5168\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u53d1\u613f\u8981\u201c\u50cf\u5e7c\u513f\u4f9d\u504e\u5728\u7956\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u819d\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eae\u7740\u597d\u5947\u7684\u773c\u775b\u201d[49]\u503e\u542c\u300a\u53e4\u4e8b\u8bb0\u300b\u4ee5\u5316\u5165\u65e5\u672c\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u975e\u5e38\u75db\u82e6\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u5730\u65e5\u672c\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u610f\u5473\u7740\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5272\u820d\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4f26\u7406\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5426\u5b9a\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u5e74\u8fc7\u5e74\uff0c\u4f0a\u4e1c\u7684\u201c\u53f0\u5317\u7684\u5988\u5988\u201d\u6765\u770b\u4ed6\uff0c\u88ab\u4ed6\u62d2\u65a5\u4e8e\u95e8\u5916\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u846c\u793c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f0a\u4e1c\u201c\u53c9\u7740\u817f\u7ad9\u7740\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u75db\u65a5\u5973\u6027\u7684\u54c0\u54ed\u2014\u2014\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u518d\u5b66\u90a3\u79cd\u4e0d\u80fd\u770b\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5566\u201d\uff1b\u5411\u6b7b\u8005\u884c\u8dea\u62dc\u793c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f0a\u4e1c\u4e5f\u201c\u53ea\u662f\u7ad9\u7740\uff0c\u884c\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793c\u62dc\u201d[50]\u2026\u2026\u76ee\u7779\u6b64\u666f\uff0c\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u6df1\u53d7\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u63d0\u95ee\uff1a\u5230\u5e95\u53ef\u5426\u628a\u7236\u6bcd\u5f53\u4f5c\u57ab\u811a\u77f3\u5417\uff1f[51]\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u89c9\uff0c\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u5728\u4f0a\u4e1c\u7684\u8868\u5f1f\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4f0a\u4e1c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6279\u5224\u8005\u9752\u5e74\u6797\u67cf\u5e74\u90a3\u513f\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u540c\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u867d\u7559\u65e5\u5b66\u533b\uff0c\u4f46\u59cb\u7ec8\u62b1\u6301\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u4f0a\u4e1c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u662f\u201c\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u201d\u7684\u201c\u672c\u5c9b\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u5c0a\u201d\u3002\u6797\u67cf\u5e74\u544a\u8bc9\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5fd8\u8bb0\uff0c\u9051\u8bba\u9119\u5937\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u6545\u4e61\u4e61\u95f4\u7684\u571f\u81ed\u201d[52]\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e2\u8ba4\u540c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u867d\u7136\u8ba4\u540c\u4e86\u201c\u6797\u67cf\u5e74\u201d\u7684\u201c\u53cc\u4e61\u201d\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u9003\u79bb\u4e86\u201c\u4f0a\u4e1c\u201d\u7684\u201c\u771f\u4fe1\u8005\u201d\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6bd5\u7adf\u8fd8\u662f\u5e38\u9677\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u77db\u76fe\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u65f6\u5904\u4e8e\u4f0a\u4e1c\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u5f15\u8bf1\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u5bf9\u4f0a\u4e1c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u672c\u5c9b\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u51fa\u8def\u5c31\u662f\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u9664\u5bf9\u6545\u4e61\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u601d\u604b\uff0c\u6446\u8131\u201c\u53cc\u91cd\u751f\u6d3b\u201d[53]\u3002<\/p>\n \u65e5\u636e\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u90fd\u4f1a\u7cbe\u82f1\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7fa4\u4f53\u91cc\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u540c\u4e0e\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u751a\u6216\u6495\u88c2\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c11\u89c1\u3002\u5728\u5415\u8d6b\u82e5\u7684\u300a\u6e05\u79cb\u300b\u4e0e\u53f6\u76db\u5409\u7684\u4f20\u8bb0\u300a\u53cc\u4e61\u8bb0\u300b[54]\u91cc\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u77db\u76fe\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5c55\u73b0\uff0c\u59d4\u5a49\u6216\u5c16\u9510\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5415\u8d6b\u82e5\u6216\u662f\u53f6\u76db\u5409\uff0c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u5168\u76d8\u81ea\u6211\u5426\u5b9a\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8005\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u6797\u67cf\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u4e24\u5168\u201d\u5f0f\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u634d\u536b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u634d\u536b\u201c\u7236\u6bcd\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6545\u4e61\u201d\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u78e8\u706d\u7684\u521d\u5fc3[55]\uff0c\u6295\u5165\u7956\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u6d2a\u6d41\u30021950\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u7ee7\u6b7b\u4e8e\u767d\u8272\u6050\u6016\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002\u56de\u987e\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u89c6\u6e90\u6d41\u3001\u8ba4\u540c\u7956\u56fd\u3001\u53cd\u5e1d\u53cd\u6b96\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f53\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\u767d\u8272\u6050\u6016\u4e0b\u88ab\u6b8b\u9177\u6d88\u706d\u2014\u2014\u9648\u6620\u771f\u7ecf\u5e38\u4ee5\u201c\u5de6\u773c\u7684\u6d88\u5931\u201d\u4e3a\u540d\u8868\u8ff0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u4e3a\u4e4b\u540e\u53f0\u6e7e\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e25\u91cd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fdb\u6b65\u601d\u60f3\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u6279\u5224\u6027\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u7ec8\u800c\u8d70\u4e0a\u5a9a\u65e5\u4eb2\u7f8e\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u626b\u9664\u4e86\u8def\u969c\u3002\u5149\u590d\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u66fe\u7ecf\u90a3\u4e48\u70ed\u70c8\u5730\u5bfb\u6c42\u52a0\u5165\u6d77\u5ce1\u5bf9\u5cb8\u7684\u65b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u8def\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\uff0c\u5728\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u90a3\u513f\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n \u6768\u5a01\u7406\uff1a\u300a\u53cc\u4e61\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u53c8\u540d\u300a\u53f6\u76db\u5409\u4f20\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53f0\u6e7e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u9752\u6625\u00b7\u5f77\u5fa8\u00b7\u63a2\u7d22\u00b7\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u60b2\u5267\u300b\uff0c\u9648\u6620\u771f\u8bd1\uff0c\u4eba\u95f4\u51fa\u7248\u793e1995\u5e74\u7248<\/p>\n \u201c\u65e5\u672c\u8bed\u5316\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u662f\u65e0\u8bba\u8303\u56f4\u6216\u5c42\u6b21\u90fd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u5c06\u524d\u8005\u89c6\u4e3a\u540e\u8005\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u6cd5\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8eab\u5fc3\u8fdb\u9000\u884c\u6b62\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5316\u201d\u30021940\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6b96\u6c11\u5f53\u5c40\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5316\u201d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u201c\u6807\u51c6\u201d\uff1a\u82e5\u8981\u8ba9\u201c\u672c\u5c9b\u4eba\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5185\u5730\u4eba\u201d\u5728\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u90fd\u6beb\u65e0\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u540c\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u201c\u9886\u4f1a\u7687\u9053\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4e0e\u5185\u5730\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u540c\u6837\u5bf9\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u53c8\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u98ce\u4fd7\u3001\u4e60\u60ef\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u5185\u5730\u4eba\u6beb\u65e0\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5373\u7cbe\u795e\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u5747\u4e0e\u5185\u5730\u540c\u6837\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5316\u201d\u3002[56]\u800c\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5316\u201d\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c38\u6052\u8d8b\u8fd1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8ba9\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u5728\u81ea\u6211\u5426\u5b9a\u4e2d\u5954\u5411\u603b\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u6b65\u4e4b\u9065\u7684\u7ec8\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u671d\u4e00\u65e5\u201c\u540c\u5316\u201d\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6b96\u6c11\u4f53\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u4e8c\u6218\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e24\u5e74\uff0c\u8d25\u8c61\u76ca\u663e\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u5f53\u5c40\uff0c\u5728\u6025\u9700\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u7684\u9c9c\u8840\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u7740\u624b\u89c4\u5212\u6b64\u4e00\u540c\u5316\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c42\u201c\u786e\u5b9e\u638c\u63e1\u5176\u771f\u5fc3\u201d\u3002[57]\u4f46\u5373\u4fbf\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5f53\u5c40\u5bf9\u201c\u5f85\u9047\u6539\u5584\u201d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e5f\u6cc4\u9732\u4e86\u201c\u6743\u8c0b\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u5e61\u7136\u6094\u609f\u3001\u6539\u5f26\u66f4\u5f20\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u8ba9\u671d\u9c9c\u4e0e\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u201c\u786e\u4fe1\u5c06\u6765\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5185\u5730\u540c\u80de\u53d7\u5230\u65e0\u5dee\u522b\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u5f85\u9047\u201d\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u8005\u8fd1\u85e4\u6b63\u5df1\u5c16\u9510\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u2018\u4f7f\u5176\u786e\u4fe1\u2019\u624d\u662f\u91cd\u70b9\u6240\u5728\u3002\u201d[58]<\/p>\n \u900f\u8fc7\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u6b96\u6c11\u672b\u671f\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u6c11\u4f17\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u540c\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6323\u624e\u4e0e\u6297\u62d2\u3002\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u96be\u4ee5\u8fbe\u6210\uff0c\u56fa\u7136\u6765\u81ea\u88ab\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u7684\u53cd\u6297\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6765\u81ea\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\u3002\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u6a21\u7cca\u3001\u4e00\u53a2\u60c5\u613f\uff0c\u4e14\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5386\u53f2\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4fee\u8f9e\u7f62\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n \u8bfb\u9ec4\u82f1\u54f2\uff0c\u5e38\u4f1a\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u96be\u4ee5\u91ca\u7136\u7684\u602a\u5f02\u611f\u3002\u8fd9\u6765\u81ea\u5728\u4ed6\u8ba8\u8bba\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u822c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u524d\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u8bba\u53ca\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5316\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u65f6\u7684\u75db\u611f\u4e0e\u803b\u611f\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6d0b\u6ea2\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u95ee\u9898\u6027\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u81ea\u6ee1\u3002[59]\u8fd9\u8ba9\u6211\u60f3\u8d77\u65bd\u6dd1\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u8ba8\u8bba\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u8005\u5c3e\u5d0e\u79c0\u6811\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n \u8457\u8005\uff3b\u5f15\u8005\u6848\uff0c\u5c3e\u5d0e\uff3d\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u8be4\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5177\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u53ca\u8b66\u793a\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5e94\u5c5e\uff1a\u6218\u540e\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f7b\u5e95\u6e05\u9664\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u201d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u5b83\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4f24\u75d5\u6765\u8ba4\u8bc6\u201d\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u5728\u8ffd\u968f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e9a\u6d32\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e7\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u518d\u751f\u7248\u800c\u590d\u6d3b\u201d\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u53f0\u6e7e\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e09\u590d\u65af\u8a00\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u8fd9\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u7528\u4e3a\u63a2\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u7684\u5206\u5149\u4eea\uff1f[60]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u4f5c\u8005: \u8d75\u521a\u00a0 \u00a0\u6765\u6e90: \u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e1b\u520a \u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981 \u672c\u6587\u805a\u7126\u53f0\u6e7e\u5149\u590d\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u6279\u5224\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u53f2\u89c2\u5bf9\u5149 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[17],"tags":[2227,136,19839,19840],"views":6,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69285"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=69285"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69285\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":69287,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69285\/revisions\/69287"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=69285"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=69285"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=69285"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![](\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1777495030488M85usm.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-04-29T20:37:10Z\/86400\/host\/2906771f40ba6180664865072007c32e1b92d36c8111f3656e7628545bb8472c\")
<\/p>\n![](\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1777495060739R3BIwD.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-04-29T20:37:40Z\/86400\/host\/4203653e8c3e5d4514b9b72c6505c8f2abb3716535ba140f47d5a4321be0a43c\")
<\/p>\n![](\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/17774951080316ek9dA.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-04-29T20:38:27Z\/86400\/host\/54c00627544106c9daf7ae3ade39eaebb2ea23d79e95ee3b6d247763627f3b0e\")
<\/p>\n![](\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1777495154903i81lPM.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-04-29T20:39:14Z\/86400\/host\/ab0c45d9ad4dc0d1f977aca8ad17dbb73ae2bbaa8afbb10cc47c03d864832b5c\")
<\/p>\n![](\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/17774951993807vWInh.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-04-29T20:39:59Z\/86400\/host\/fd2cd476fb7185786fe4ca572390d94427a53f79e0da1ecf77482609dfa2a3ad\")
<\/p>\n![](\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1777495232193cifURY.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-04-29T20:40:32Z\/86400\/host\/a9c617fdbc9570df7698316e463ade61bfe107261b1bd8af2ebfbbc37fe07dc0\")
<\/p>\n![](\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1777495264499CF3F0u.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-04-29T20:41:04Z\/86400\/host\/f47c66be5b2c54b914b7435f04e3ee10b1435a53340e2ceb4956b63541d1373e\")
<\/p>\n