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\u7f16\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u201c\u5bf9\u75c7\u4e0b\u836f\u201d\u65e9\u5df2\u88ab\u533b\u751f\u89c6\u4e3a\u884c\u533b\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u548c\u572d\u81ec\uff0c\u800c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u533b\u7597\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u836f\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7684\u836f\u7269\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u30021957 \u5e74\uff0cArno G. Motulsky \u535a\u58eb\u9996\u5148\u6307\u51fa\u67d0\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u836f\u7269\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0e\u9057\u4f20\u7f3a\u9677\u6709\u5173\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u6b63\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u836f\u7269\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ece\u6b64\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u4e5f\u88ab\u5c0a\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u836f\u7269\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u8bfb\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4e86\u89e3 Arno G. Motulsky \u535a\u58eb\uff0cDT \u541b\u7279\u5730\u9009\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300aAnnual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics\u300b\u4e0a\u3001\u7531 Arno G. Motulsky \u4eb2\u81ea\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u5386\u7a0b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u8fd1\u4e07\u5b57\u7684\u957f\u6587\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ece\u4ed6\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u5fb7\u56fd\u51e0\u7ecf\u8f97\u8f6c\u9003\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6210\u957f\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e76\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u836f\u7269\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u7684\u7231\u60c5\u6545\u4e8b\u7b49\u7b49\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u4e4b\u65c5\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7565\u6709\u5220\u51cf\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u56fe\u4e28\u7f8e\u56fd\u836f\u7269\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236 Arno G. Motulsky<\/p>\n

\u98a0\u7c38\u8d74\u7f8e<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u56fe\u4e28Arno G. Motulsky \u51fa\u751f\u5730<\/p>\n

\u5948\u4f55\u597d\u666f\u4e0d\u957f\u30021939 \u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4e8c\u6218\u7684\u5168\u9762\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u51b3\u5b9a\u642c\u79bb\u5fb7\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u975e\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u4e3e\u5bb6\u524d\u5f80\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u6295\u5954\u4f4f\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7684\u53d4\u7236\u3002\u79bb\u5f00\u5fb7\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u529e\u7406\u7b7e\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u7b7e\u8bc1\u7684\u540d\u989d\u53c8\u5341\u5206\u6709\u9650\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u5148\u884c\u52a8\u8eab\u524d\u5f80\u5f53\u65f6\u5bf9\u5f85\u79fb\u6c11\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u53e4\u5df4\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5168\u5bb6\u4e00\u8d77\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u4f1a\u5408\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u65f6\u5c40\u4e0d\u65ad\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e26\u7740\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u5148\u5230\u53e4\u5df4\u548c\u7236\u4eb2\u4f1a\u5408\uff0c\u518d\u4e00\u540c\u524d\u5f80\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u3002<\/p>\n

1939 \u5e74 5 \u6708\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5e26\u7740\u6211\u548c\u5f1f\u5f1f\u59b9\u59b9\u5728\u6c49\u5821\u767b\u4e0a\u5723\u8def\u6613\u65af\u53f7\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u53e4\u5df4\u3002\u4e00\u540c\u524d\u5f80\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u8fd1\u5343\u540d\u72b9\u592a\u96be\u6c11\u3002\u4ece\u6c49\u5821\u9a76\u5f80\u54c8\u74e6\u90a3\u7684\u65c5\u7a0b\u4e00\u8def\u5e73\u9759\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u8239\u9a76\u8fdb\u54c8\u74e6\u90a3\u6e2f\u65f6\uff0c\u53e4\u5df4\u65b9\u9762\u5374\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4e58\u5ba2\u7684\u8fc7\u5883\u8bb8\u53ef\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0a\u5cb8\u3002<\/p>\n

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11 \u4e2a\u6708\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728 1940 \u5e74\u7684 5 \u6708 1 \u65e5\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u7ec8\u4e8e\u62ff\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b7e\u8bc1\uff0c\u4ece\u53e4\u5df4\u6765\u5230\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u6bcd\u4eb2\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u4e5f\u62ff\u5230\u4e86\u7b7e\u8bc1\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 5 \u6708 10 \u65e5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u8d70\u6210\uff0c\u6070\u9022\u5fb7\u56fd\u5165\u4fb5\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\uff0c\u8bbd\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5e74\u6ee1 17 \u5c81\u7684\u6211\u88ab\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u4eba\u4ee5\u654c\u56fd\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u902e\u6355\uff0c\u5173\u62bc\u8fdb\u4e86\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u3002<\/p>\n

\u968f\u540e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5165\u4fb5\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u7684\u56da\u72af\u96c6\u4f53\u5411\u5317\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6bd4\u5229\u725b\u65af\u5c71\u811a\u4e0b\u7684\u7ef4\u5e0c\u6cd5\u56fd\uff08Vichy-controlled France\uff0c\u7ef4\u5e0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u4e0b\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u5080\u5121\u653f\u5e9c\uff09\u5883\u5185\u3002\u7ef4\u5e0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5c06\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u5185\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u9001\u8fd8\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u5c06\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7559\u4e0b\u3002\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u98df\u7269\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u536b\u751f\u72b6\u51b5\u582a\u5fe7\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u56da\u72af\u4e0d\u662f\u6b7b\u4e8e\u4f24\u5bd2\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6b7b\u4e8e\u9965\u997f\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e281940 \u5e74\u7684\u5f17\u6717\u54e5\uff0c\u524d\u6392\u5de6\u4e09<\/p>\n

1941 \u5e74 8 \u6708\uff0c\u6211\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6765\u5230\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\uff0c\u548c\u7236\u4eb2\u4f1a\u5408\u3002\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u83b7\u6089\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5e26\u7740\u5f1f\u5f1f\u59b9\u59b9\u4e5f\u5e78\u5b58\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u4e09\u4eba\u5728\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u975e\u6cd5\u8d8a\u5883\u6765\u5230\u4e2d\u7acb\u56fd\u745e\u58eb\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u6beb\u53d1\u65e0\u4f24\u7684\u71ac\u5230\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u30021946 \u5e74\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5e26\u7740\u5f1f\u5f1f\u59b9\u59b9\u6765\u5230\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u5bb6\u7ec8\u4e8e\u56e2\u805a\u3002<\/p>\n

1942 \u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u800c\u98a0\u6c9b\u6d41\u79bb\uff0c18 \u5c81\u7684\u6211\u4ecd\u65e7\u6ca1\u6709\u5ff5\u5b8c\u9ad8\u4e2d\u3002\u597d\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u6709\u4e00\u9879\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ea\u8003\u5bdf\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u81ea\u4ece\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u5e03\u9c81\u585e\u5c14\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u6b63\u89c4\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u5185\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u56da\u72af\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u6559\u6388\u6216\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u8bbe\u975e\u6b63\u89c4\u8bfe\u5802\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bfe\u672c\uff0c\u4ec5\u51ed\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4f20\u6388\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u591a\u4e8f\u4e86 GED \u8003\u8bd5\u670d\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u9ad8\u4e2d\u540c\u7b49\u5b66\u5386\uff08general educational development\uff09\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\u9ad8\u4e2d\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u62ff\u5230\u4e86\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6587\u51ed\u3002\u665a\u5e74\u7684\u6211\u56de\u60f3\u8d77\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u4f9d\u65e7\u5bf9\u8fd9\u9879\u653f\u7b56\u5fc3\u6000\u611f\u6fc0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51ed\u501f\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6587\u51ed\uff0c\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u534a\u5de5\u534a\u8bfb\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5468\u4e00\u81f3\u5468\u4e94\u7684\u665a\u4e0a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5468\u516d\u4e0b\u5348\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u53bb\u4e2d\u592e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9752\u5e74\u4f1a\u5b66\u9662\uff08Central YMCA College\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u5927\u5b66\uff0cRoosevelt University\uff09\u4e0a\u8bfe\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u751f\u7269\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u4e09\u89d2\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u8bfe\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u4eca\u751f\u7684\u631a\u7231\u683c\u857e\u6cf0\u5c14\u00b7\u65bd\u7279\u6069\uff08Gretel Stern\uff09\u3002\u683c\u857e\u6cf0\u5c14\u5b66\u4e60\u6210\u7ee9\u4f18\u5f02\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u548c\u6211\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u540c\u4e3a\u6218\u4e89\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u683c\u857e\u6cf0\u5c14\u662f\u4e8e 1938 \u5e74\u79bb\u5f00\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\uff0c\u5979\u548c\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u7eb3\u7cb9\u79cd\u65cf\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u5e78\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4e00\u9053\u88ab\u9001\u5f80\u82f1\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e28\u6211\u548c\u683c\u857e\u6cf0\u5c14\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\uff0c\u6444\u4e8e 1945 \u5e74<\/p>\n

\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\u7684 1945 \u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u548c\u683c\u857e\u6cf0\u5c14\u7ed3\u5a5a\u30021943 \u5e74\u5230 1945 \u5e74\u671f\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u3002\u6211\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u8003\u53d6\u4e86\u4f0a\u5229\u8bfa\u4f0a\u5927\u5b66\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5206\u6821\uff08Universityof Illinois in Chicago\uff09\u533b\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u53c2\u519b\u5e76\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5feb\u901f\u57f9\u8bad\u5185\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u519b\u65b9\u5c06\u6211\u5b89\u6392\u8fdb\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u533b\u5b66\u9884\u79d1\u8bfe\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u5e78\u798f\u6765\u5f97\u592a\u7a81\u7136\uff0c\u5f9c\u5f89\u5728\u65af\u7279\u6797\u7eaa\u5ff5\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff08Sterling Memorial Library\uff09\u7684\u6211\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u50cf\u662f\u5230\u4e86\u5929\u5802\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8036\u9c81\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u7ec8\u8eab\u96be\u5fd8\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5e08\u4ece\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u6ce2\u5c14\u68ee\uff08Donald Poulson\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u4e0e\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7ed3\u4e0b\u4e0d\u89e3\u4e4b\u7f18\u30021943 \u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u5168\u90e8\u533b\u5b66\u9884\u79d1\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u3002\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u5f00\u5b66\u524d\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u6211\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e00\u5bb6\u9760\u8fd1\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u7684\u9646\u519b\u533b\u9662\u505a\u62a4\u7406\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n

1944 \u5e74 4 \u6708\uff0c\u9646\u519b\u4e00\u7b49\u5175\u7684\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u30021946 \u5e74\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u79bb\u5f00\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u5e76\u5728 1947 \u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u5b66\u4e1a\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7c73\u8fe6\u52d2\u745e\u831c\u533b\u9662\uff08Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago\uff09\u7684\u5185\u79d1\u4f4f\u9662\u533b\u5e08\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u8840\u6db2\u79d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u533b\u9662\u91cc\uff0c\u751f\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u8840\u6db2\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u8f9b\u683c\uff08Karl Singer\uff09\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u9570\u72b6\u7ec6\u80de\u6027\u8d2b\u8840\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u5bf9\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e28\u9570\u72b6\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u963b\u585e\u8840\u7ba1<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u8f9b\u683c\u535a\u58eb\u8ba9\u6211\u5c06\u9570\u72b6\u7ec6\u80de\u8d2b\u8840\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u4e0e\u672a\u611f\u67d3\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u6ce8\u5c04\u8fdb\u5c0f\u5154\u5b50\u4f53\u5185\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u6297\u4f53\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u6297\u9570\u73e0\u86cb\u767d\u6297\u4f53\uff08anti-sickle-hemoglobin antibodies\uff09\u4e0e\u6297\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u6297\u4f53\uff08anti-normal-hemoglobin antibodies\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f02\u540c\u3002\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c3d\u5982\u4eba\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u6ca1\u80fd\u83b7\u53d6\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6297\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u518d\u6b21\u5377\u5165\u6218\u4e89<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u65f6\u95f4\u5230\u4e86 1951 \u5e74\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u6211\u91cd\u65b0\u5165\u4f0d\u3002\u8ddf\u4ee5\u5f80\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u519b\u65b9\u7684\u5e87\u62a4\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u88ab\u5206\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u5dee\u4e8b\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5bb6\u7efc\u5408\u533b\u9662\u5185\u79d1\u670d\u5f79\u3002\u516d\u4e03\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u88ab\u8c03\u914d\u5230\u4f4d\u4e8e\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u533a\u7684\u91cc\u5fb7\u9646\u519b\u533b\u9662\uff08Walter Reed Hospital in Washington, DC\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u6b63\u5728\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u8840\u6db2\u7684\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u7531\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u8840\u6db2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u79d1\u65af\u6bd4\uff08William Crosby\uff09\u5e26\u9886\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u7ed3\u8bc6\u4e86\u5929\u624d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u675c\u4f26\uff08E.L. Durrum\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u72ec\u521b\u7684\u7eb8\u4e0a\u7535\u6cf3\u5206\u79bb\u8840\u6e05\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u6539\u826f\u540e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u81ea\u90a3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u7535\u6cf3\u6cd5\u5206\u79bb\u8840\u6e05\u86cb\u767d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6d53\u539a\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e281930 \u5e74\u7684\u91cc\u5fb7\u9646\u519b\u533b\u9662<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e282008 \u5e74\u7684\u91cc\u5fb7\u9646\u519b\u533b\u9662<\/p>\n

\u5728\u91cc\u5fb7\u9646\u519b\u533b\u9662\uff0c\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6eb6\u8840\u6027\u8d2b\u8840\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u58eb\u5175\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\u3002\u6eb6\u8840\u6027\u8d2b\u8840\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u7531\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u53d8\u5f02\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u692d\u5706\u5f62\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u589e\u591a\u75c7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u65e2\u6709\u8da3\u53c8\u56f0\u60d1\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u60a3\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u6eb6\u8840\u6027\u8d2b\u8840\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u88ab\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u60a3\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7578\u53d8\u7684\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u5374\u6709\u7740\u6b63\u5e38\u5bff\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u5177\u6709\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u79cd\u9057\u4f20\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6eb6\u8840\u6027\u8d2b\u8840\uff0c\u5373\u975e\u8840\u7403\u578b\u6eb6\u8840\u6027\u8d2b\u8840\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u8bc1\u5b9e\u8be5\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u7531\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u9176\u7f3a\u9677\u5bfc\u81f4\u3002\u8f9b\u683c\u9f13\u52b1\u6211\u4ece\u751f\u5316\u673a\u5236\u65b9\u9762\u5165\u624b\u7814\u7a76\u9057\u4f20\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u66f4\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u9020\u798f\u60a3\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

1953 \u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5f7b\u5e95\u79bb\u5f00\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u6211\u4e00\u5ea6\u66fe\u8003\u8651\u5e94\u9080\u53bb\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u505a\u8840\u6db2\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u540e\uff0c\u4e0e\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5361\u65af\u5c14\uff08WilliamCastle\uff09\u5171\u4e8b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u624d\u7b49\u5f85\u5c31\u4e1a\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u5f97\u9759\u5019\u4f73\u97f3\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u7684\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u6b63\u5728\u62db\u8058\u5bfc\u5e08\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u548c\u683c\u857e\u6cf0\u5c14\u6b23\u7136\u524d\u5f80\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e28\u83ab\u56fe\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u4e00\u5bb6\uff0c\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5dde\uff0c1954\u5e74<\/p>\n

\u5f7c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u548c\u683c\u857e\u6cf0\u5c14\u4e3e\u5bb6\u8fc1\u5f80\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\u3001\u4ece\u672a\u6d89\u8db3\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u4ee5\u897f\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u597d\u9065\u8fdc\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u518d\u6b63\u786e\u4e0d\u8fc7\u3002\u5973\u513f\u6731\u8fea\uff08Judy\uff09\u548c\u513f\u5b50\u54c8\u7ef4\uff08Harvey\uff09\u968f\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u540c\u642c\u6765\uff0c\u5c0f\u5973\u513f\u963f\u7433\uff08Arlene\uff09\u4e8e\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\u51fa\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u5c81\u6708<\/strong><\/p>\n

1950 \u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6559\u6388\u5185\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u8840\u6db2\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bfe\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4f5c\u4e3a\u533b\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u8fd0\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u77e5\u6240\u5b66\uff0c\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u8840\u6db2\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u91cc\u5939\u5e26\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u201d\u79c1\u8d27\u201c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u4e3e\u4e00\u77f3\u6fc0\u8d77\u5343\u5c42\u6d6a\u3002\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u2022\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u65af\uff08Robert Williams\uff09\u63d0\u8bae\u5c06\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5206\u62c6\u6210\u4e00\u95e8\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5\u5b66\u3001\u8840\u6db2\u5b66\u548c\u5185\u5206\u6ccc\u5b66\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u5b66\u79d1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d77\u521d\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u6b64\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u4e3e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5148\u4f8b\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6211\u4e0e Victor McKusick \u4ea4\u6d41\u540e\u624d\u5f97\u77e5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u65f6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0d\u8c0b\u800c\u5408\u30021957 \u5e74\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u540c\u65f6\u5f00\u8bbe\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e28\u6211\u5728\u6559\u6388\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u201c\u79c1\u8d27\u201d<\/p>\n

1953 \u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u5185\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u8840\u6db2\u5b66\u3002\u6211\u901a\u8fc7\u8840\u6db2\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8bb2\u6388\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u3002\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u2022\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u65af\uff08Robert Williams\uff09\u63d0\u8bae\u5f00\u8bbe\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bfe\u30021957 \u5e74\uff0c\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u90e8\u95e8\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u8bbe\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u4e13\u79d1\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u63a2\u7a76\u6240\u6709\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5409\u59c6\u2022\u5c3c\u5c14\uff08Jim Neel\uff09\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5dde\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u6fc0\u52a8\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u533b\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u5409\u59c6\u5bf9\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6d89\u53ca\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5e7f\uff0c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e4b\u6df1\uff0c\u65e0\u4eba\u80fd\u51fa\u5176\u53f3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4ece\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u5206\u5e03\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u533a\u57df\u7b49\uff0c\u5982\u7edf\u8ba1\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u6211\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8303\u7574\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77\uff0c\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u5c06\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5e74\u957f\u6211 7 \u5c81\u7684\u5409\u59c6\u89c6\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u517c\u7cbe\u795e\u9886\u8896\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5409\u59c6\u7684\u9ad8\u6df1\u9020\u8be3\uff0c\u6211\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u7406\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u3002\u6211\u82b1\u4e86 8 \u4e2a\u6708\u65f6\u95f4\u53bb\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u597d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u2014\u2014\u4f26\u6566\u5927\u5b66 LIonel Penrose \u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u7406\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u3002Penrose \u5b66\u9662\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u56e0\u5b66\u6700\u597d\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u9ad8\u624b\u4e91\u96c6\uff0c\u6709 Penrose \u672c\u4eba\u3001J.B.S. Haldane\u3001C.A.B. Smith \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5b66\u672f\u6001\u5ea6\u4e25\u8c28\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u83b7\u9887\u4e30\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u8bbe\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e 1956 \u5e74\u5728\u4e39\u9ea6\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u4eba\u7c7b\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u56fd\u9645\u4f1a\u8bae\uff08FirstInternational Congress of Human Genetics \uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u6fc0\u52a8\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u5927\u4e8b\uff0c\u6b64\u524d\u4ece\u672a\u6709\u8fc7\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e28\u65af\u5766\u00b7\u52a0\u7279\u52d2\uff08Stan Gartler\uff09\u535a\u58eb<\/p>\n

\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6\u65af\u5766\u00b7\u52a0\u7279\u52d2\uff08Stan Gartler\uff09\u3002\u52a0\u7279\u52d2\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5206\u6821\u53d6\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u540e\uff0c\u4efb\u6559\u4e8e\u7ebd\u7ea6\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4e13\u653b\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u5316\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff08biochemical variation in humans\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u8bf4\u670d\u4ed6\u79bb\u5f00\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u3002\u52a0\u7279\u52d2\u6b23\u7136\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u7a76 X \u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u5931\u6d3b\uff08X chromosome inactivation\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e28\u533b\u5b66\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u90e8\u95e8\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u533b\u5b66\u4f1a\u8bca<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u5438\u7eb3\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u540c\u4e8b\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u60a3\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4efd\u5de5\u4f5c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u523a\u6fc0\u548c\u6ee1\u8db3\u611f\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5728\u5438\u7eb3\u751f\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u8fd8\u5438\u7eb3\u4e86\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5b66\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u5c55\u5f00\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9020\u798f\u60a3\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u8f9f\u836f\u7269\u9057\u4f20\u5b66<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u662f\u836f\u7269\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5174\u8da3\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u4e8e\u60a3\u8005\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7c7b\u578b\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u836f\u7269\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u5728\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u7531\u4e8e\u5047\u80c6\u78b1\u916f\u9176\uff08pseudocholinesterase\uff09\u7f3a\u4e4f\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u547c\u5438\u6682\u505c\u5ef6\u957f\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u624b\u672f\u4e2d\uff0c\u836f\u7269\u53f8\u53ef\u6797\uff08suxamethonium\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u677e\u808c\u8089\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f53\u5185\uff0c\u53f8\u53ef\u6797\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u88ab\u5047\u80c6\u78b1\u916f\u9176\u5feb\u901f\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u53f8\u53ef\u6797\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u826f\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f53\u5185\u5047\u80c6\u78b1\u916f\u9176\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u7a81\u53d8\u7684\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53f8\u53ef\u6797\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u964d\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60a3\u8005\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u5de5\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u9057\u4f20\u57fa\u56e0\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u6211\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9176\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u57fa\u56e0\u3001\u836f\u7269\u53cd\u5e94\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u8ff7\u4f4f\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7f16\u64b0\u6210\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e28\u836f\u7269\u53f8\u53ef\u6797\uff08suxamethonium\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u6700\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5f53\u5c5e G6PD \u7f3a\u4e4f\u75c7\uff08\u8461\u8404\u7cd6-6-\u78f7\u9178\u8131\u6c22\u9176\u7f3a\u4e4f\u75c7\uff09\u4e0e\u4f2f\u6c28\u55b9\uff08primaquine\uff09\u654f\u611f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002G6PD \u7f3a\u4e4f\u75c7\u5728\u4e9a\u70ed\u5e26\u548c\u70ed\u5e26\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u6781\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\uff0cG6PD \u57fa\u56e0\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e X \u67d3\u8272\u4f53\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7537\u6027\u7684 X \u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u6216\u6b63\u5e38\u6216\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u800c\u5973\u6027\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6742\u5408\u5b50\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u517c\u6709\u6b63\u5e38\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u4e24\u79cd X \u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u60a3\u6709 G6PD \u7f3a\u4e4f\u75c7\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5bf9\u5927\u91cf\u836f\u7269\u6709\u8fc7\u654f\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u88ab\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6297\u759f\u75be\u836f\u7269\u4f2f\u6c28\u55b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7834\u574f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u6709 10% \u7684\u975e\u6d32\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u7537\u6027\u548c\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u53ca\u5370\u5ea6\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7537\u6027\u90fd\u60a3\u6709 G6PD \u7f3a\u4e4f\u75c7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u8d28\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u5982\u6b64\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u5374\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff1f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4ec5\u4f4d\u4e8e\u70ed\u5e26\u53ca\u4e9a\u70ed\u5e26\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u8d28\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u70ed\u5e26\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u67d0\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u63a8\u65ad\u5728\u9570\u72b6\u7ec6\u80de\u6027\u8d2b\u8840\u75c7\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u731c\u6d4b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u5c31\u662f\u759f\u75be\u5bf9\u9570\u72b6\u7ec6\u80de\u7a81\u53d8\u57fa\u56e0\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u9570\u72b6\u7ec6\u80de\u6027\u72b6\u7684\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u6076\u6027\u759f\u75be\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u731c\u6d4b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e G6PD \u7f3a\u4e4f\u75c7\uff0c\u759f\u75be\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u662f\u5176\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u904d\u8bbf\u759f\u75be\u7684\u9ad8\u53d1\u533a\u4e0e\u4f4e\u53d1\u533a\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5168\u533a\u57df\u7684 G6PD \u7f3a\u4e4f\u75c7\u4e0e\u759f\u75be\u611f\u67d3\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u6076\u6027\u759f\u75be\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u9891\u7387\u4e0e G6PD \u7f3a\u4e4f\u75c7\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u8f7b\u5ea6\u7684\u759f\u75be\u611f\u67d3\u4e5f\u4e0e G6PD \u7f3a\u4e4f\u75c7\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e0\u72ec\u6709\u5076\uff0cMarcello Siniscalco \u9080\u8bf7\u6211\u53c2\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5728\u6492\u4e01\u5c9b\u5173\u4e8e\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u578b\u8d2b\u8840\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5728\u6492\u4e01\u5c9b\u4e0a\uff0c\u759f\u75be\u5728\u5c71\u8c37\u5730\u533a\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u9ad8\u5c71\u5730\u533a\u5374\u6781\u4e3a\u7f55\u89c1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u91cc\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u868a\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u6492\u4e01\u5c9b\u7684 \u03b2-\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u8d2b\u8840\u75c7\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u9891\u7387\u4e0e\u6d77\u62d4\u5448\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u9570\u72b6\u7ec6\u80de\u7279\u5f81\u3001G6PD \u7f3a\u4e4f\u75c7\u548c\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u8d2b\u8840\u75c7\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u759f\u75be\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e28\u96c5\u5178\u533b\u5e08 George Stamatoyannopoulos<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u76c6\u5730\u7684\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u7d0a\u4e71\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u8ba9\u6211\u548c George Stamatoyannopoulos \u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4ea4\u96c6\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u6765\u81ea\u96c5\u5178\u7684\u533b\u5e08\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u4f46\u806a\u660e\u597d\u5b66\uff0c\u5bf9 G6PD \u7f3a\u4e4f\u75c7\u3001\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u578b\u8d2b\u8840\u3001\u9570\u5200\u72b6\u7ec6\u80de\u8d2b\u8840\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u975e\u5e38\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u30021964 \u5e74\uff0cGeorge \u5728\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u5e76\u5feb\u901f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6211\u6700\u597d\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u548c\u6700\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u4e4b\u4e00\u300225 \u5e74\u540e\u7684 1989 \u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a5\u66ff\u6211\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u4e00\u4efb\u533b\u5b66\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u90e8\u7684\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9e7f\u9f20\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u9aa8\u9ad3\u79fb\u690d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u897f\u5317\u5730\u533a\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u9e7f\u9f20\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u66f4\u8fd1\u4e86\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u4fc4\u52d2\u5188\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5b66\u5bb6 Ralph Heustis \u5f97\u77e5\u6211\u5174\u8da3\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u5411\u6211\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5148\u5929\u60a3\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u9ec4\u75b8\u7684\u9e7f\u9f20\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9e7f\u9f20\u60a3\u6709\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u7403\u5f62\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u589e\u591a\u75c7\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u7ec6\u80de\u5448\u7403\u5f62\uff0c\u75c7\u72b6\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u60a3\u6709\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u7403\u5f62\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u589e\u591a\u75c7\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u60a3\u8005\u3002\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u5e38\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u663e\u6027\u9057\u4f20\uff0c\u800c\u9e7f\u9f20\u662f\u5e38\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u9690\u6027\u9057\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e28\u9e7f\u9f20<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9e7f\u9f20\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u75be\u75c5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u6cbb\u6108\u3002\u7403\u5f62\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u963b\u585e\u4e86\u9e7f\u9f20\u7684\u813e\u810f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60a3\u75c5\u9e7f\u9f20\u7684\u813e\u810f\u88ab\u6458\u9664\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u5bff\u547d\u7acb\u523b\u6062\u590d\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5c06\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u7403\u5f62\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u589e\u591a\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u653e\u5165\u6052\u6e29\u7bb1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u80de\u4f1a\u5f88\u5feb\u51fa\u73b0\u6eb6\u8840\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u8840\u6db2\u6837\u672c\u7f6e\u4e8e 37 \u6444\u6c0f\u5ea6\u7684\u6052\u6e29\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u8bca\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u60a3\u6709\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u7403\u5f62\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u589e\u591a\u75c7\u7684\u9e7f\u9f20\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7ec4\u3002\u4e00\u7ec4\u7f6e\u4e8e 35 \u6444\u6c0f\u5ea6\uff08\u534e\u6c0f 95 \u5ea6\uff09\u7684\u6052\u6e29\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7ec4\u7f6e\u4e8e 4 \u6444\u6c0f\u5ea6\u4f4e\u6e29\uff08\u534e\u6c0f 40 \u5ea6\uff09\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ec4\u9e7f\u9f20\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6eb6\u8840\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e8e\u4e24\u5468\u5185\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ec4\u9e7f\u9f20\u60c5\u51b5\u826f\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u7403\u5f62\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u589e\u591a\u75c7\u5bf9\u6e29\u5ea6\u654f\u611f\u3002\u4f4e\u6e29\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5448\u826f\u6027\uff0c\u4eba\u4f53\u4f53\u6e29\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5219\u662f\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff08gene-environment interaction\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6cbb\u7597\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60a3\u6709\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u7403\u5f62\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u589e\u591a\u75c7\u7684\u9e7f\u9f20\u3002\u80fd\u5426\u901a\u8fc7\u9aa8\u9ad3\u79fb\u690d\uff0c\u7528\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u524d\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0e\u75c5\u53d8\u7ec6\u80de\u7f6e\u6362\u6765\u6cbb\u7597\u60a3\u75c5\u9e7f\u9f20\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u6cbb\u7597\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u524d\u4f53\u6ce8\u5165\u521a\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u9e7f\u9f20\u4f53\u5185\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9e7f\u9f20\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7e41\u80b2\u7684\u9e7f\u9f20\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u9057\u4f20\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u653e\u5c04\u6291\u5236\u673a\u4f53\u514d\u75ab\u529f\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u6392\u5f02\u53cd\u5e94\u540e\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u6cbb\u7597\u6210\u5e74\u9e7f\u9f20\u8eab\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9aa8\u9ad3\u79fb\u690d\u53ea\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7e41\u80b2\u7684\u7eaf\u79cd\u9e7f\u9f20\u8eab\u4e0a\u6210\u529f\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e28\u9020\u8840\u524d\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de<\/p>\n

\u9e7f\u9f20\u9aa8\u9ad3\u79fb\u690d\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7597\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u7403\u5f62\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u589e\u591a\u75c7\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u6807\u6746\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e16\u4e0a\u9996\u4f8b\u901a\u8fc7\u9aa8\u9ad3\u79fb\u690d\u6cbb\u7597\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u7403\u5f62\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u589e\u591a\u75c7\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4e8e 1990 \u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7684\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7\u2022\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\uff08Don Thomas\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u5c06\u6b64\u9879\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u72d7\u7684\u9aa8\u9ad3\u79fb\u690d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u591a\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u9996\u4f8b\u4eba\u7c7b\u9aa8\u9ad3\u79fb\u690d\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u73b0\u5728\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u518d\u751f\u969c\u788d\u6027\u8d2b\u8840\u548c\u767d\u8840\u75c5\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u5242\u91cf\u5316\u7597\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8840\u8102\u7d0a\u4e71\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca<\/strong><\/p>\n

1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u754c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5341\u5206\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u8840\u8102\u5347\u9ad8\u662f\u51a0\u72b6\u52a8\u8109\u75be\u75c5\u53d1\u75c5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51a0\u72b6\u52a8\u8109\u75be\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u662f\u8840\u8102\u7d0a\u4e71\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u56e0\u7d20\u53c8\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u6211\u6000\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5374\u82e6\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u5408\u9002\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u76f4\u5230 1970 \u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u4e54\u00b7\u54e5\u65af\u5766\uff08Joe Goldstein\uff09\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e54\u00b7\u54e5\u65af\u5766\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u7684 11 \u5bb6\u533b\u9662\u5bf9\u5fc3\u6897\uff08Myocardial Infarction\uff0cMI\uff09\u75c5\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u767b\u8bb0\uff0c\u6d4b\u91cf\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u75c5\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u7684\u7684\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u548c\u7518\u6cb9\u4e09\u916f\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u968f\u540e\u6311\u9009\u51fa\u6570\u503c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u767b\u8bb0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u7684\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u548c\u7518\u6cb9\u4e09\u916f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u5360 5% \u7684\u9ad8\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u60a3\u8005\u5177\u6709\u5bb6\u65cf\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5bb6\u65cf\u6027\u9ad8\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u8840\u75c7\u201d\u3002\u5176\u4f59\u5fc3\u6897\u75c5\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ad8\u7518\u6cb9\u4e09\u916f\u540c\u6837\u5177\u6709\u5bb6\u65cf\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c12% \u7684\u53cc\u9ad8\u60a3\u8005\u5177\u6709\u5bb6\u65cf\u9057\u4f20\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5bb6\u65cf\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u9ad8\u8102\u8840\u75c7\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e28\u4e54\u00b7\u54e5\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u535a\u58eb<\/p>\n

1971 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e54\u00b7\u54e5\u65af\u5766\u535a\u58eb\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u6211\u4f4d\u4e8e\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5b66\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u7740\u624b\u7814\u7a76\u5bb6\u65cf\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u9ad8\u8102\u8840\u75c7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u9ea6\u514b\u00b7\u5e03\u6717\u5171\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u4f4e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8102\u86cb\u767d\u53d7\u4f53\u5728\u9ad8\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u8840\u75c7\u4e2d\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u6548\u6cbb\u7597\u591a\u79cd\u9ad8\u8840\u8102\u75c7\u7684\u4ed6\u6c40\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u89e3\u5f00\u5bb6\u65cf\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u9ad8\u8102\u8840\u75c7\u6253\u4e0b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u968f\u540e\u4e54\u00b7\u54e5\u65af\u5766\u642c\u5230\u8fbe\u62c9\u65af\uff0c\u4e0e\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u897f\u5357\u533b\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08UT Southwestern\uff09\u9ea6\u514b\u00b7\u5e03\u6717\uff08Mike brown\uff09 \u7ee7\u7eed\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u9ad8\u8102\u8840\u75c7\u5f53\u4e2d\u6700\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u8868\u578b\uff1a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u643a\u5e26\u5173\u952e\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u7eaf\u5408\u5b50\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u9ad8\u7684\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u767e\u4e07\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5f88\u806a\u660e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u60a3\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u8c03\u63a7\u8840\u6db2\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684 LDL \u53d7\u4f53\uff0c\u8be5\u53d7\u4f53\u7684\u53d8\u5f02\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u5bb6\u65cf\u6027\u9ad8\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u8840\u75c7\u3002\u6b63\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u4ee3\u8c22\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5353\u8d8a\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86 1985 \u5e74\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u533b\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e03\u6717\u548c\u54e5\u65af\u5766\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u6240\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ece\u8bc6\u522b\u6781\u4e3a\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u8868\u578b\uff0c\u5230\u8bc6\u522b\u53d8\u5f02\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u9488\u5bf9\u8be5\u57fa\u56e0\u7814\u53d1\u836f\u7269\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d7\u632b\u3001\u96be\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5173\u952e\u81f4\u75c5\u57fa\u56e0\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u5e03\u6717\u548c\u54e5\u65af\u5766\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6df1\u5165\u8272\u89c9\u611f\u77e5\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u81ea\u5c11\u5e74\u65f6\u8d77\uff0c\u6211\u4fbf\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u8111\u5341\u5206\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4f46\u76f4\u5230\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa 80 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6211\u624d\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5728\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u5927\u5c55\u62f3\u811a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6770\u745e\u7c73\u00b7\u5185\u68ee\u65af\uff08Jeremy Nathans\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u51fa\uff0c\u4eba\u773c\u5bf9\u7ea2\u7eff\u5149\u7ebf\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u89c6\u9525\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u611f\u77e5\u7ea2\u5149\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u89c6\u9525\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u611f\u53d7\u7eff\u5149\u5219\u9700\u8981\u591a\u8fbe\u56db\u79cd\u3002\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u6781\u9ad8\uff0c\u8f6c\u5f55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u7ec4\u548c\u91cd\u6392\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u90e8\u5206\u7247\u6bb5\u4e22\u5931\u6216\u8005\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u8fbe\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e28\u4eba\u773c\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u7740\u624b\u4e0e\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6\u8428\u7f2a\u5c14\u00b7\u5fb7\u6b65\uff08Samir Deeb\uff09\u5171\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u89c6\u9525\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u53d8\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4e1d\u6c28\u9178-\u4e19\u6c28\u9178\u7684\u591a\u6001\u6027\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ea2\u8272\u89c6\u9525\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7ea6\u5360 4:6 \u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u6001\u6027\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u5bb3\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e1d\u6c28\u9178\u53d8\u5f02\u4eba\u7fa4\u548c\u4e19\u6c28\u9178\u53d8\u5f02\u4eba\u7fa4\u5728\u989c\u8272\u5339\u914d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u8ba9\u6211\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u8003\u8651\u4eba\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u8111\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u73af\u5883\u662f\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u627e\u5230\u89e3\u7b54\u611f\u77e5\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u96be\u5ea6\u6781\u5927\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u7814\u7a76\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u6bd4\u505a\u89e3\u7ebf\u6027\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u63a2\u7d22\u611f\u89c9\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u673a\u7406\u5c31\u662f\u89e3\u9ad8\u7ef4\u51e0\u4f55\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7ec8\u6781\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u65e0\u4eba\u77e5\u6653\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eba\u773c\u901a\u8fc7\u89c6\u9525\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7ea2\u5149\u3001\u7eff\u5149\u4e0e\u84dd\u5149\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u611f\u5149\u53d7\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u7269\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e09\u8272\u611f\u5149\u4f53\u751f\u7269\u201d\u3002\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u867e\u86c4\uff08\u5373\u76ae\u76ae\u867e\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u5341\u4e8c\u539f\u8272\u7684\u611f\u5149\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e28\u76ae\u76ae\u867e\u773c\u90e8\u7279\u5199<\/p>\n

\u89c6\u9525\u7ec6\u80de\u5bf9\u7ea2\u7eff\u84dd\u4e09\u8272\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u5f3a\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u5149\u7ebf\u9891\u7387\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u8303\u56f4\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u72ec\u7acb\u611f\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u5149\u7ebf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e09\u8272\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e09\u539f\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8ff7\u4e0a\u79cd\u65cf\u57fa\u56e0\u5b66<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\u8d77\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u81ea\u5df1\u66fe\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u76f8\u5173\u4e66\u7c4d\u65f6\uff0c\u8bfb\u5230\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u53e4\u4f0a\u7279\u9c81\u91cc\u4e9a\u4eba\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u6211\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u963f\u4ec0\u80af\u7eb3\u5179\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u56fe\u8c31\uff0c\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7740\u624b\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

1961 \u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c4a\u56fd\u9645\u4eba\u7c7b\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5927\u4f1a\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u53ec\u5f00\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u4f1a\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8ba8\u8bba\u6108\u53d1\u591a\u5143\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7814\u7a76\u8840\u578b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u9176\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0e\u719f\u6089\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6 J.B.S. Haldane \u4e3b\u6301\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ece\u90a3\u4ee5\u540e\u6211\u8ff7\u4e0a\u4e86\u79cd\u65cf\u57fa\u56e0\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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