{"id":70071,"date":"2026-05-10T17:22:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-10T09:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=70071"},"modified":"2026-05-10T17:22:29","modified_gmt":"2026-05-10T09:22:29","slug":"%e6%94%bf%e7%ad%96%e4%b8%8e%e5%af%b9%e7%ad%96-%e6%b8%85%e4%bb%a3%e7%9a%84%e5%ad%9d%e9%81%93%e5%9b%bd%e7%ad%96%e4%b8%8e%e8%99%9a%e5%81%87%e8%af%89%e8%ae%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=70071","title":{"rendered":"\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7b56\u2014\u2014\u6e05\u4ee3\u7684\u5b5d\u9053\u56fd\u7b56\u4e0e\u865a\u5047\u8bc9\u8bbc"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6587 \/ \u675c\u4e50\u00a0 \u00a0 \u8bd1 \/ \u5f20\u7530\u7530<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u300aState and Family in China\u2014\u2014Filial Piety and Its Modern Reform\u300b<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yue Du<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cambridge University Press, 2022<\/p>\n

\u524d\u8a00\uff1a\u5b5d\u9053\u56fd\u7b56\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u5b9e\u6307\u63a7<\/strong><\/p>\n

1750\u5e74\uff0c\u8d35\u5dde\u4e00\u4f4d30\u5c81\u7684\u82d7\u5973\u963f\u9a82\u88ab\u6740\uff0c[1]\u4e0b\u624b\u7684\u662f\u5979\u5f1f\u5f1f\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f7f\u8005\u662f\u5979\u6bcd\u4eb2\u3002\u963f\u9a82\u4e4b\u6bcd\u60f3\u8981\u5229\u7528\u5929\u751f\u6b8b\u75be\u800c\u672a\u5a5a\u7684\u5973\u513f\u963f\u9a82\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1,\u8bec\u544a\u524d\u4e0d\u4e45\u521a\u6536\u56de\u5979\u5bb6\u79df\u79cd\u571f\u5730\u7684\u524d\u5730\u4e3b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8be1\u8ba1\u88ab\u5f88\u591a\u65cf\u4eba\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u4e61\u7ea6(community leaders)\u5728\u6570\u6b21\u8c03\u89e3\u5931\u8d25\u540e\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u8fd9\u8d77\u547d\u6848\u9001\u5b98\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6e05\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u963f\u9a82\u4e4b\u6bcd\u4f9d\u201c\u6740\u5b50\u5b59\u56fe\u8d56\u4eba\u201d\u7f6a\u540d\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u5e94\u88ab\u5224\u53d1\u9644\u8fd1\u5145\u519b\uff1b\u4f46\u56e01750\u5e749\u67084\u65e5\u7684\u5927\u8d66\uff0c\u5979\u57281751\u5e74\u7684\u8986\u5ba1\u4e2d\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u3002\u963f\u9a82\u7684\u5f1f\u5f1f\uff0c\u542c\u4ece\u6bcd\u4eb2\u547d\u4ee4\u6740\u6b7b\u4e86\u59d0\u59d0\uff0c\u72af\u4e0b\u9006\u4f26(violating fundamental human ethics)\u91cd\u7f6a\uff0c\u88ab\u5224\u5904\u65a9\u7acb\u51b3\u3002[2]<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u73b0\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6e05\u4ee3\u4e3b\u6d41\u9053\u5fb7\u4f53\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5730\u65b9\u5f31\u52bf\u7fa4\u4f53\u6240\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u5f3a\u8005\u5c65\u884c\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u96c7\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u4eb2\u5c5e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u6551\u6d4e\u3002\u9ea6\u67ef\u4e3d(Melissa Macauley)\u548c\u8d3e\u7a7a (Quinn Javers)\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u5728\u5dde\u53bf\u8859\u95e8\u8fd9\u4e00\u6709\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u8c03\u6574\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u89e3\u7eb7\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u63d0\u8d77\u8bec\u544a\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f31\u8005\u7684\u6b66\u5668(weapon of the weak)\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u539f\u544a\u5f3a\u884c\u5c06\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u5377\u5165\u672c\u6765\u5f88\u5c11\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u5b98\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u7ea0\u7eb7\u4e2d\u3002[10]\u5f20\u6cf0\u82cf\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u6e05\u671d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5bf9\u5112\u5bb6\u5c0a\u5351\u540d\u5206\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6c11\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u8d2b\u7a77\u7684\u5c0a\u957f\u5728\u7ea0\u7eb7\u4e2d\u5f80\u5f80\u5360\u636e\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d \u4e0d\u76f8\u79f0\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5373\u56e0\u6e05\u4ee3\u8d22\u4ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5e73\u5747\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u503e\u5411\u800c\u83b7\u76ca\u3002[11]\u4f46\u7b14\u8005\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ea6\u67ef\u4e3d\u3001\u8d3e\u7a7a\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u5426\u6291\u5f3a\u6276\u5f31\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u9053\u5fb7\u5e73\u8861\u6216\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u5426\u5728\u5176 \u6240\u5e72\u9884\u4e4b\u5904\u5de9\u56fa\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u65e2\u5b58\u7684\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u3002[12]\u7b14\u8005\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u5177\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u5373\u653f\u6743\u5982\u4f55\u5438\u5f15\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u670d\u4ece\u7edf\u6cbb\u3001\u5e76\u52a0\u5f3a\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u704c\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u300aSocial Power and Legal Culture\u2014\u2014Litigation Masters in Late Imperial China\u300b<\/strong><\/p>\n

Melissa Macauley<\/strong><\/p>\n

Stanford University Press\uff0c1991<\/p>\n

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\u6e05 \u859b\u5141\u5347\u300a\u8bfb\u4f8b\u5b58\u7591\u300b<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u7236\u6bcd\u5373\u5982\u5929\uff0c\u5929\u751f\u4e00\u830e\u8349\uff0c\u6625\u6765\u751f\u53d1\u4e5f\u7531\u5f97\u5929\uff0c\u79cb\u6765\u971c\u6740\u4e5f\u7531\u5f97\u5929\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u751f\u51fa \u6765\u7684\u8eab\uff0c\u751f\u4e5f\u7531\u5f97\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u6b7b\u4e5f\u7531\u5f97\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u8bf4\u5f97\u751a\u4e48\u957f\u77ed\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u53e4\u4eba\u4e91\uff1a\u5929\u4e0b\u65e0\u4e0d\u662f\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u3002[30]<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6d89\u5acc\u56fe\u8d56\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7236\u6bcd\u64a4\u56de\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5176\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5408\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u91ca,\u6bd4\u5982\u610f\u5916\u6eba\u6bd9\u6216\u8dcc\u6bd9,\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e0d\u5b9e\u6307\u63a7\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u5141\u8bb8\u7236\u6bcd\u7ffb\u4f9b\uff0c\u5c06\u6848\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e3a\u65e0\u8fc7\u9519\u7684\u610f\u5916\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982,1829\u5e74\u4e00\u8d77\u56db\u5ddd\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ec4\u5174\u4ec1\u521d\u5ba1\u88ab\u63a7\u6545\u610f\u5c06\u4e09\u5c81\u5973\u513f\u6454\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u6765\u9677\u5bb3\u3001\u52d2\u7d22\u4ed6\u8205\u8205\u3002\u518d\u5ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6848\u60c5\u591a\u6b21\u88ab\u91cd\u6784\u3002\u5148\u662f\u636e\u8bf4\u5973\u5b69\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u88ab\u6454\u843d\u5728\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u573a\u8005\u5bb3\u6015\u62c5\u8d23\uff0c\u51e0\u5c0f\u65f6\u90fd\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5979\uff0c\u5973\u5b69\u4f24\u91cd\u800c\u6b7b\u3002\u800c\u540e\u7684\u8c03\u67fb\u53c8\u786e\u8ba4\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u610f\u5916\u8dcc\u843d\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u79ef\u6781\u6c42\u533b\u62a2\u6551,\u4f46\u65e0\u6d4e\u4e8e\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u9ed8\u8bb8\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u610f\u7eb5\u5bb9\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\uff0c\u5b98\u65b9\u53d9\u8ff0\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u771f\u76f8\uff0c\u4ece\u6545\u610f\u6740\u4eba\uff0c\u5230\u8fc7\u5931\u6740\u4eba, \u7ec8\u5230\u65e0\u8fc7\u5931\u7684\u610f\u5916\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f9b\u8bcd\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u4e2d\uff0c\u6027\u522b\u8d77\u7740\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u539f\u59cb\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u521d\u6b21\u8c03\u67fb\u53d6\u8bc1\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ec4\u5174\u4ec1\u662f\u6454\u843d\u5e7c\u513f\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u4eba\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\uff08\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\uff09\u8c03\u67fb\u53d6\u8bc1\u5219\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u9ec4\u5174\u4ec1\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u5931\u624b\u6454\u4e86\u5e7c\u513f\u3002\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u72af\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5b9e\u79d1\u5211\u7f5a\uff0c\u800c\u5973\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u8d4e\u3002[38]\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u88ab\u8bec\u544a\u8005\u7684\u4f9b\u8bcd\u4e2d\u603b\u662f\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u8868\u8ff0\u6b7b\u8005\u4e3a\u5973\u5b69\uff0c\u4f46\u9ec4\u5174\u4ec1\u5374\u6545\u610f\u7528\u4e86\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u201c\u5e7c\u5b69\/\u5e7c\u5b50\u5b69\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u62db\u81f4\u56fe\u8d56\u7684\u6000\u7591\u3002\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u8c03\u67fb\u4e2d\u9ec4\u5174\u4ec1\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6e05\u5f8b\u5bf9\u5973\u72af\u7684\u5bbd\u8d37\u6765\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u5378\u8d23\uff1b\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e00\u65e9\u5c31\u5fc3\u77e5\u809a\u660e\uff0c\u6307\u660e\u6b7b\u8005\u4e3a\u5973\u5b69\uff0c\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fe\u8d56\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5973\u513f\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u6740\u5bb3\u5229\u7528\u3002\u672c\u6848\u6700\u7ec8\u65e0\u4eba\u53d7\u7f5a\u3002\u6b7b\u8005\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u9886\u56de\u9057\u4f53\u4e0b\u846c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u610f\u5916\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6848\u4ef6\u4e00\u6837\u3002[39]<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u8d56\u8005\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7b56\u7565\u5219\u662f\u5728\u88ab\u5f3a\u5236\u8ba4\u7f6a\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u6295\u6848\u81ea\u9996\u3001\u5766\u767d\u4ea4\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u88ab\u5224\u519b\u6d41\u3002\u5bf9\u6e05\u4ee3\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u62db\u4f9b\u4e0e\u5211\u8baf\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u53e3\u4f9b\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5b98\u5458\u529e\u6848\u6784\u5efa\u6cd5\u5f8b\u771f\u76f8\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u72af\u7f6a\u672a\u53d1\u800c\u81ea\u9996\u8005\uff0c\u4e8e\u4eba\u65e0\u635f\u4f24\uff0c\u4e8e\u7269\u53ef\u5907\u507f\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u7f6a\u53ef\u539f\uff0c[40]\u8fd9\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9f13\u52b1\u72af\u4eba\u5766\u767d\u3001\u6295\u6848\u3002[41]\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u56fe\u8d56\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u53ef\u633d\u56de\uff0c\u81ea\u9996\u8005\u5c06\u53d7\u5230\u66f4\u8f7b\u7684\u5211\u7f5a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u514d\u8d23\u3002\u4f8b\u59821833\u5e7410\u670822\u65e5\u79e6\u957f\u5174\u6740\u6b7b\u4e94\u5c81\u5973\u513f\u540e\u81ea\u9996\u3002\u79e6\u957f\u5174\u539f\u610f\u662f\u8981\u9677\u5bb3\u5f20\u6b63\u57a0\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u5077\u540e\u8005\u978b\u5b50\u88ab\u540e\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u4f46\u6b64\u4e3e\u906d\u79e6\u59bb\u6fc0\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u79e6\u957f\u5174\u51b3\u5b9a\u81ea\u9996\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u83b7\u5f97\u51cf\u5211\uff0c\u4f9d\u6545\u610f\u6740\u5973\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u56fe\u8d56\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\uff0c\u88ab\u5224\u6756\u516d\u5341\u3001\u5f92\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u53d1\u9644\u8fd1\u5145\u519b\u3002[42]\u53e6\u4e00\u6848\u4e2d,\u5f20\u6000\u9057\u6740\u6b7b\u75c5\u5f31\u7684\u516d\u5c81\u5b59\u5973\u6765\u9677\u5bb3 \u5730\u4e3b\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5f20\u6000\u9057\u8fd8\u4e0d\u4e0a\u501f\u8d37\u7684\u5229\u606f\uff0c\u8981\u88ab\u5730\u4e3b\u9a71\u9010\u3002\u5f20\u6000\u9057\u9152\u540e\u6253\u6b7b\u4e86\u5b59\u5973\uff0c\u5728 1843\u5e7412\u670823\u65e5\u665a\uff0c\u5c06\u5c38\u4f53\u6254\u5230\u5730\u4e3b\u7684\u7530\u5730\u91cc\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u65e9\u6668\uff0c\u6e05\u9192\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5f20\u6000\u9057\uff0c \u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u90bb\u4fdd\u62a5\u5b98\u8bf4\u4ed6\u5b59\u5973\u975e\u6b63\u5e38\u6b7b\u4ea1\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u53bb\u81ea\u9996\u3002\u5f20\u6000\u9057\u56e0\u6b64\u83b7\u76ca\uff0c\u5373\u88ab\u5224\u8f83\u8f7b\u7684 \u6756\u516d\u5341\u3001\u5f92\u4e00\u5e74\u3002[43]<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6848\u4f8b\u6240\u663e\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u6e05\u4ee3\u767e\u59d3\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u8bc6\u5b57\uff0c\u90fd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4e86\u89e3\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e0e\u5229\u7528\u5b98\u5e9c\u83b7\u76ca\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u5373\u4f7f\u719f\u77e5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u65e8\u5728\u7ef4\u6301\u7236\u6bcd\u7279\u6743\u4ee5\u53ca\u9f13\u52b1\u81ea \u9996\u7684\uff0c\u5374\u672a\u5fc5\u7cbe\u901a\u5f8b\u4f8b\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u5982\u613f\u3002\u5728\u540e\u9762\u7684 1845\u5e74\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6295\u6848\u81ea\u9996\u7684\u6740\u4eba\u8005\uff0c\u6240\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u662f\u6bd4\u6e05\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u66f4\u8f7b\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9093\u7a00\u851a\u5230\u5802\u5144(paternal cousin)\u9093\u4fee\u851a\u5bb6\u8ba8\u56db\u5341\u4e94\u4e24\u94f6\u5b50\u7684\u503a\uff0c\u9093\u4fee\u851a\u4e5e\u6c42\u5bbd\u9650\u51e0\u5929\u3002\u5931\u671b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9093\u7a00\u851a\u5c06\u540c\u884c\u7684\u5c0f\u5973\u513f\u52d2\u6b7b\uff0c\u5411\u9093\u4fee\u851a\u65bd\u52a0\u538b\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u9093\u7a00\u851a\u5f88\u5feb\u4fbf\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e3a\u514d\u53d7\u91cd\u7f5a,\u81ea\u9996\u4e3a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u201c\u539f\u60f3\u201d\u8ba9\u5b98\u5458\u5e2e\u4ed6\u7d22\u503a\uff0c\u4f46\u53bf\u5b98\u5374\u575a\u6301\u8c03\u67fb\u4ed6\u5973\u513f\u7684\u88ab\u6740\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u9093\u7a00\u851a\u4e0d\u7518\u5fc3\u81ea\u5df1\u65e2\u62ff\u4e0d\u5230\u94b1\u53c8\u8981\u53d7\u7f5a\uff0c\u201c\u62db\u89e3\u5e9c\u8f95\uff0c\u5fc3\u91cc\u4e0d\u7518\uff0c\u624d\u7ffb\u4f9b\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u575a\u79f0\u5973\u513f\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u5802\u5144\u6240\u6740\u7684\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9093\u7a00\u851a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u5ba1\u8baf\u4e2d\u6700\u7ec8\u653e\u5f03\u4e86 \u7ffb\u4f9b\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u6740\u4e86\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u575a\u6301\u8981\u6c42\u5802\u5144\u8fd8\u503a\u3002[44]<\/p>\n

\u9093\u7a00\u851a\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u9996\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u8f7b\u6740\u5973\u7684\u5211\u7f5a\uff0c\u5e76\u501f\u673a\u8ba9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5802\u5144\u95f4\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u7ea0\u7eb7\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u5e76\u672a\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u5bf9\u6076\u610f\u72af\u7f6a\u5bfc\u81f4\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u53d6\u62a5\u590d\u6027\u60e9\u5904,\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6740\u5bb3\u5351\u5e7c\u8005\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62b5\u547d\u3002\u5f53\u5b98\u5458\u884c\u4e8b\u672a\u80fd\u4ee4\u9093\u7a00\u851a\u5982\u613f\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc3\u91cc\u4e0d\u7518\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u63a5\u53d7\u6756\u516d\u5341\u3001\u5f92\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u7ffb\u4f9b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u8c03\u67fb\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4f9b\u8ff0\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f:\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u521d\u5ba1\u65f6\u8bec\u544a\u4e86\u5802\u5144\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u539f\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u6740\u6389\u5973\u513f\u800c\u5c06\u5c38\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8981\u631f\u5802\u5144\u8fd8\u503a\u7684\u7b79\u7801\u3002\u4ed6\u6253\u7b97\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5802\u5144\u60e7\u6015\u8d70\u8017\u65f6\u8d39\u529b\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u800c\u5f53\u5373\u540c\u610f\u8fd8\u503a\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u58f0\u79f0\u5973\u513f\u6b7b\u4e8e\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u56fd\u5bb6\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fde\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5173\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u300aPolyandry and Wife-Selling in Qing Dynasty China: Survival Strategies and Judicial Interventions\u300b<\/strong><\/p>\n

Matthew H. Sommer<\/p>\n

University of California Press, 2015<\/p>\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e3a\u94b1\u8d22\u6740\u5bb3\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u90fd\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u98ce\u9669\u4f4e\u800c\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u5b58\u7591\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u7f13\u89e3\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u538b\u529b\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f9b\u8bcd\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u8d2b\u82e6\u96be\u5ea6\u201d\u7b49\u5b57\u6837\u9891\u7e41\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u82cf\u6210\u6377 (Matthew Sommer)\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u7a77\u4eba\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc7\u5269\u3001\u6027\u522b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6076\u5316\u548c\u571f\u5730\u89c4\u6a21\u7f29\u5c0f\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u538b\u529b\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u786e\u4fdd\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u5bb6\u4eba\u6709\u51fa\u8def\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u4e00\u59bb\u591a\u592b\u7b49\u201c\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u201d\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u3002[45]\u6740\u5b50\u5b59\u56fe\u8d56\u4eba\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u8c0b\u5229\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u81ea\u4fdd\u548c\u5bb6\u65cf\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u751f\u5b58\u6e90\u4e8e\u7236\u6bcd\u4e4b\u201c\u5929\u201d\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u90fd\u7531\u7236\u6bcd\u652f\u914d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u903b\u8f91\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f97\u5230\u7236\u6bcd\u672c\u4eba\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e61\u91cc\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0e\u7236\u6bcd\u5408\u4f5c\u6765\u865a\u6784\u610f\u5916\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u5c06\u672c\u4e3a\u56fe\u8d56\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u6309\u610f\u5916\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5f52\u6863\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u660e\u6e05\u5f8b\u5b66\u5bb6\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u5f84\uff0c\u201c\u6068\u5176\u56fe\u8d56\u800c\u6b8b\u9aa8\u8089\u201d\uff0c[46]\u5728\u6761\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u662f\u5c06\u6740\u5b50\u5b59\u56fe\u8d56\u8005\u53d1\u9644\u8fd1\u5145\u519b\uff0c\u4f46\u60e9\u5904\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u5f85\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u6b8b\u5fcd\u884c\u5f84\u7684\u6cd5\u89c4\u5f88\u5c11\u843d\u5230\u5b9e\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6e05\u4ee3\u56fd\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6740\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u8f7b\u7f5a\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u52a9\u957f\u4e86\u5728\u4eb2\u5b50\u5c0a\u5351\u7b49\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0b\u6f20\u89c6\u5b69\u7ae5\u751f\u547d\u7684\u666e\u904d\u793e\u4f1a\u98ce\u6c14\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u9093\u7a00\u851a\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u767e\u59d3\u5bf9\u5b50\u5973\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8f7b\u89c6\uff0c\u8f83\u56fd\u6cd5\u66f4\u751a\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u6e05\u5ef7\u51fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u548c\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u6743\u5a01\u4e0e\u5b50\u5973\u5b5d\u987a\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u7236\u6bcd\u5b50\u5973\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7b49\u5730\u4f4d\u5e76\u975e\u81ea\u6e05\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u5bf9\u4eb2\u5b50\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4fe1\u5949\uff0c\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u652f\u6301,\u4e92\u76f8\u4fc3\u8fdb\u3002\u800c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d2f\u7a7f\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u89d2\u843d\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7eb3\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7b56\u7565\u4e4b\u4e8c:\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5b5d\u8bec\u544a\u4ed6\u4eba<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u7ae0\u5bf9\u6740\u5b50\u5b59\u56fe\u8d56\u4eba\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u6e05\u5ef7\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6740\u5b50\u5b59\u56fe\u8d56\u4eba\u89c4\u5b9a\u8f83\u8f7b\u5211\u7f5a\uff0c\u53ca\u7eb5\u8bb8\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5bf9\u6b64\u7c7b\u6848\u4ef6\u4ece\u8f7b\u53d1\u843d\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f3a\u5316\u4eb2\u5b50\u7b49\u7ea7\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u6c11\u4f17\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u8c0b\u53d6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5982\u8bb9\u94b1\u3001\u8d56\u8d26\u3001\u72af\u76d7\u7a83\u800c\u9003\u907f\u5904\u7f5a\u7b49\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u6e05\u5f8b\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u5bf9\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u670d\u4ece\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5229\u7528\u3002\u6e05\u4ee3\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5f20\u4e94\u73ae\u7684\u6559\u8c15\uff0c\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8981\u6c42\u5b50\u5973\u670d\u4ece\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5373\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8fc7\u5931\uff0c\u5982\u8981\u6c64\u8981\u6c34\uff0c\u5acc\u51c9\u5acc\u70ed\u4e4b\u7c7b\uff0c\u5076\u6709\u4e0d\u80fd\u5982\u7236\u6bcd\u5fc3\u610f\uff0c\u867d\u975e\u5fe4\u9006\u91cd\u60c5\u53ef\u6bd4\uff0c\u800c\u7236\u6bcd\u4e00\u65f6\u52a8\u6012\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u8fdd\u53cd\u6559\u4ee4\u4e4b\u540d\uff0c\u6b32\u9001\u5b98\u6c42\u5904\uff0c\u5b98\u4ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e0e\u4e4b\u6756\u67b7\u3002\u76d6\u201c\u5929\u4e0b\u65e0\u4e0d\u662f\u4e4b\u7236\u6bcd\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b50\u8005\u7a0d\u6709\u5256\u8fa9\uff0c\u5373\u5c5e\u4e0d\u5b5d\u4e5f\u3002[47]<\/p>\n

\u6e05\u4ee3\u6cd5\u5236\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bc9\u8bbc\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e0d\u653e\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u4ece\u5b5d\u9053\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5b5d\u8bec\u544a\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u6587\u5bf91867\u5e74\u4f59\u6b65\u9ad8\u6740\u5b50\u5b59\u56fe\u8d56\u4eba\u6848\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u805a\u7126\u4f59\u6b65\u9ad8\u5728\u9a8c\u5c38\u62a5\u544a\u63ed\u9732\u4ed6\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u4e0d\u5b9e\u540e\u7684\u6539\u53e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ed6\u6740\uff0c\u4f46\u5b98\u5458\u4ecd\u5c06\u6848\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e3a\u65e0\u8fc7\u5931\u610f\u5916\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u7b14\u8005\u6765\u5206\u6790\u6b64\u6848\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u4f59\u6b65\u9ad8\u5728\u6700\u521d\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u6e34\u671b\u4ece\u54e5\u54e5\u90a3\u91cc\u8981\u5230\u94b1\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u6d88\u8d39\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u4e70\u53e3\u597d\u68fa\u57cb\u846c\u4ea1\u6bcd\u3002[48]\u4e3a\u4e86\u7a81\u51fa\u5df1\u65b9\u7684\u5b5d\u987a\uff0c\u4ed6\u60f3\u65b9\u8bbe\u6cd5\u63cf\u7ed8\u54e5\u54e5\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f62\u8c61:\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u7ed9\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4e70\u68fa\u6750\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u7ed9\u5f1f\u5f1f\u94b1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f1f\u5f1f\u4e5f\u4e70\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u4f59\u6b65\u9ad8\u8fd9\u4eba\u80fd\u80c6\u5927\u5230\u6740\u5973\u513f\u56fe\u8d56\uff0c\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u5728\u516c\u5802\u4e0a\u5229\u7528\u5b5d\u9053\u6765\u81ea\u9970\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5df4\u53bf\u6863\u6848\uff1a\u9053\u5149\u5143\u5e74\u4e09\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u65e5\u53bf\u8859\u5211\u623f\u62df\u5dee\u5211\u4ef5\u9a8c\u4f24\u5e76\u5524\u4eba\u8bc1\u7968\u7a3f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf<\/p>\n

\u7b14\u8005\u8d77\u521d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5730\u65b9\u6863\u6848\u9986\u65f6\uff0c\u60ca\u8bb6\u4e8e\u8bec\u544a\u4e0d\u5b5d\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u591a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b5d\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ece\u8a00\u8bed\u4fb5\u72af\u5230\u8eab\u4f53\u8650\u5f85\uff0c\u5230\u8fdd\u53cd\u6559\u4ee4\u4e0e\u4f9b\u517b\u6709\u9619\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4ed4\u7ec6\u67fb\u770b\u6848\u5377\u540e\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6848\u4ef6\u5b9e\u9645\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u7236\u6bcd\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5be1\u6bcd\uff09\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u7236\u6bcd\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u652f\u6301\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u5bb6\u5ead\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002[49]\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6587\u6240\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u6848\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u6e05\u4ee3\u8bc9\u8bbc\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u5b5d\u9053\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5229\u7528\u8bec\u544a\u4e0d\u5b5d\u6765\u535a\u5f97\u53bf\u5b98\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e0b\u4e00\u5219\u6848\u4f8b\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b98\u5458\u62c5\u5fe7\u5bf9\u6d89\u5acc\u201c\u9006\u4f26\u201d\u91cd\u6848\u4e0d\u80fd\u59a5\u5584\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u5173\u6ce8\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5b5d\u7684\u63a7\u8bc9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8fd0\u7528\u5b5d\u9053\u8bdd\u8bed\u6765\u8feb\u4f7f\u5b98\u5458\u53d7\u7406\u6848\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

1897\u5e7410\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u56db\u5341\u4e03\u5c81\u7684\u8d75\u9648\u6c0f\u5230\u53bf\u8859\u72b6\u544a\u5979\u7684\u957f\u5b50\uff08\u7531\u5979\u5df2\u6545\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u524d\u59bb\u6240\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u5979\u629a\u517b\u957f\u5927\uff09\u9738\u5360\u4e08\u592b\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u5343\u4e24\u94f6\u5b50\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u597d\u597d\u517b\u6d3b\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u5979\u5e74\u5e7c\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u3002\u5341\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u5c81\u7684\u8d75\u4e16\u534e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u88ab\u543f\u88ab\u5f3a\u884c\u4f20\u5524\u5230\u5ead\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4ea4\u53cd\u8bc9\uff0c\u575a\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u8d75\u9648\u6c0f\u517b\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u662f\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u4eb2\u751f\u7236\u6bcd\u5747\u79bb\u4e16\u540e\u624d\u4ece\u9644\u8fd1\u642c\u5230\u5df4\u53bf\u884c\u533b\uff0c\u8d75\u9648\u6c0f\u662f\u4ed6\u524d\u5b66\u5f92\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\uff0c\u524d\u5b66\u5f92\u53ca\u5176\u6bcd\u56e0\u5077\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9e26\u7247\u800c\u88ab\u4ed6\u5f00\u9664\u3002\u5728\u8d75\u9648\u6c0f\u8d77\u8bc9\u7684\u524d\u4e09\u5929,\u4ed6\u5076\u9047\u524d\u5b66\u5f92\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e26\u7740\u524d\u5b66\u5f92\u5230\u90bb\u4fdd\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u8981\u524d\u5b66\u5f92\u8d54 \u507f\u6240\u76d7\u7a83\u7684\u8d22\u7269\u3002\u8d75\u4e16\u534e\u65ad\u5b9a\uff0c\u8d75\u9648\u6c0f\u5047\u626e\u6210\u4ed6\u7684\u7ee7\u6bcd\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9003\u907f\u8ffd\u7a76\u3002\u8d75\u4e16\u534e\u8fd8\u8d28\u7591\u9053\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8d75\u9648\u6c0f\u771f\u662f\u4ed6\u7ee7\u6bcd\uff0c\u672c\u5e94\u8bf4\u51fa\u4ed6\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d75\u4e16\u534e\u7684\u53cd\u8bc9\uff0c\u6709\u90bb\u4fdd\u8054\u7f72\u7684\u8bf7\u613f\u4e66\u4e3a\u8bc1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4f4d\u6587\u4e3e\u4eba(civil degree- holders)\u548c\u4e00\u4f4d\u6b66\u4e3e\u4eba(military degree-holder)\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u8bc1\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d75\u4e16\u534e\u5728\u9644\u8fd1\u4f4f\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u524d\u5b66\u5f92\u4e4b\u6bcd\u662f\u5f53\u5730\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u89d2\u7684\u9057\u5b40\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8d75\u4e16\u534e\u7684\u7ee7\u6bcd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660e\u8d75\u4e16\u534e\u786e\u5b9e\u635f\u5931\u4e86\u9e26\u7247\u3002\u53bf\u5b98\u572811\u670812\u65e5\u5f00\u5ead\uff0c\u5ba1\u8baf\u4e2d\u53c8\u67fb\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u7ee7\u6bcd\u201d \u8d75\u9648\u6c0f\u4e0e\u88ab\u544a\u201c\u7ee7\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u8d75\u4e16\u534e\u201c\u59bb\u5b50\u75c5\u6545\uff0c\u5bb6\u5185\u65e0\u4eba\uff0c\u5e38\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6765\u5f80\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u66fe\u7ecf\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5374\u51b3\u88c2\u3002\u8d75\u9648\u6c0f\u548c\u513f\u5b50\u79bb\u5f00\u8d75\u4e16\u534e\u5bb6\u524d\u5e26\u8d70\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u9e26\u7247\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u8d75\u9648\u6c0f\u201c\u5973\u6d41\u65e0\u77e5\u201d\uff0c\u53bf\u4ee4\u51b3\u5b9a\u653e\u8fc7\u5979\u7684\u8bec\u544a\u4e4b\u7f6a\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u4ece\u8d75\u4e16\u534e\u90a3\u91cc\u5077\u8d70\u7684\u9e26\u7247\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u5979\u8d54\u507f\u3002[50]<\/p>\n

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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b98\u5458\u5c06\u547d\u6848\u5b9a\u4e3a\u610f\u5916\u8eab\u6545\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89c4\u907f\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u590d\u5ba1\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e94\u5bf9\u63a7\u544a\u4e0d\u5b5d\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6389\u4ee5\u8f7b\u5fc3\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u539f\u544a\u4e0a\u63a7\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u4eac\u63a7\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u635f\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u7684\u524d\u7a0b\u3002[58]\u5b98\u5458\u82e5\u65e0\u529b\u9632\u8303\u8bf8\u5982\u5b50\u5973\u5fe4\u9006\u4e0d\u5b5d\u7b49\u9006\u4f26\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4fbf\u6709\u201c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5316\u5bfc\u5730\u65b9\u201d\u4e4b\u5acc\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u4e0a\u7ea7\u53d1\u73b0\u201c\u6709\u5fc3\u8d8b\u907f\u201d\u7792\u62a5\u9006\u4f26\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u524d\u7a0b\u5c06\u4e0d\u5999\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u300aThe Laws and Economics of Confucianism\uff1aKinship and Property in Preindustrial China and England\u300b<\/strong><\/p>\n

Taisu Zhang<\/p>\n

Cambridge University Press<\/p>\n

1806\u5e742\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u517c\u6709\u53f8\u6cd5\u5ba1\u67e5\u4e0e\u884c\u653f\u76d1\u7763\u804c\u80fd\u7684\u90fd\u5bdf\u9662\uff0c\u63a5\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u5173\u4e8e\u5b89\u9633\u53bf\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\u9006\u4f26\u6848\u4ef6\u4e0d\u529b\u7684\u4e0a\u544a\u3002\u6848\u60c5\u662f\u5f20\u6000\u52e4\u4e0e\u59bb\u5b50\u5bf9\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7530\u6c0f\u4e0d\u5b5d\u3002\u5f20\u6000\u52e4\u66fe\u8bd5\u56fe\u7792\u7740\u6bcd\u4eb2\uff0c\u5c06\u5730\u4ea9\u62b5\u5f53\u3002[59]\u5bf9\u5cd9\u4e2d\uff0c\u7530\u6c0f\u81ea\u5c3d\u3002\u53bf\u4ee4\u5434\u662d\u62d2\u7edd\u5c06\u6b64\u6848\u5b9a\u4e3a\u9006\u5b50\u903c\u8feb\u6bcd\u4eb2\u81ea\u6740\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0b\u4ee4\u8d23\u6253\u4e0d\u64a4\u8bc9\u7684\u7530\u5bb6\u4eba\uff0c\u7530\u6c0f\u5a18\u5bb6\u4eba\u4e0d\u670d\u5224\u800c\u4eac\u63a7\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7ed3\u8bed: \u4ee5\u5b5d\u6cbb\u56fd<\/strong><\/section>\n

\u6e05\u4ee3\u8bc9\u8bbc\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6740\u5b50\u5b59\u56fe\u8d56\u4eba\u4e0e\u8bec\u544a\u4e0d\u5b5d\u4e24\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u64cd\u7eb5\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u5b5d\u9053\u539f\u5219\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u6c11\u4f17\u5728\u5229\u7528\u6e05\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e0e\u7acb\u56fd\u6839\u57fa\u4e0a\u7684\u8001\u7ec3\u3001\u667a\u8c0b\u3002\u4f46\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u671d\u5ef7\uff0c\u4f55\u4ee5\u65e0\u89c6\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u65f6\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u751a\u81f3\u6076\u610f\u7684 \u624b\u6bb5\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b98\u65b9\u5bbd\u7eb5\uff0c\u72af\u4e0b\u6740\u5b50\u5b59\u56fe\u8d56\u4eba\u7f6a\u884c\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u5c06\u4f1a\u906d\u53d7\u4e25\u60e9\uff0c\u800c\u8bec\u544a\u4ed6\u4eba\u72af\u4e0d\u5b5d\u7f6a\u8005\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u5229\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6e05\u671d\u6cd5\u5236\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u7687\u5e1d\u5230\u7cbe\u901a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5b98\u540f\u53ca\u5176\u5e55\u53cb\uff0c\u5bf9\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u5b50\u5973\u4e4b\u95f4\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\u60ac\u6b8a\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u5bf9\u5b5d\u9053\u56fd\u7b56\u7684\u64cd\u7eb5\u52a0\u91cd\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u90fd\u4e86\u7136\u4e8e\u80f8\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u76841806\u5e74\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u5bdf\u9662\u540c\u65f6\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4efd\u544a\u72b6\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5434\u53bf\u4ee4\u529e\u6848\u6709\u8bef\u7684\uff1a\u513f\u5ab3\u5fe4\u9006\u5a46\u5a46\uff0c\u5374\u88ab\u5224\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5a46\u5a46\u7684\u81ea\u6740\u65e0\u8fc7\u9519\u3002\u4e8b\u4e0d\u5173\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u5201\u751f\u52a3\u76d1\u201d\u738b\u7acb\u4eff\u501f \u6b64\u4eac\u63a7\uff0c\u8bec\u9677\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u79c1\u4ec7\u7684\u5434\u53bf\u4ee4\u3002[62]\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u4e0d\u5b5d\u6765\u8bec\u544a\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5229\u7528\u5b5d\u9053\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4ef7\u503c\u6311\u6218\u5b98\u957f\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u4f46\u6e05\u671d\u9006\u4f26\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ece\u7687\u5e1d\u5230\u90fd\u5bdf\u9662\u90fd\u8fd8\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u8fc5\u901f\u3001\u4e25\u8083\u5730\u5e94\u5bf9\uff0c\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8fd9\u53c8\u9f13\u52b1\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u5b5d\u9053\u539f\u5219\u901e\u5176\u79c1\u6b32\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u300aWriting and Law in Late Imperial China: Crime, Conflict, and Judgment\u300b<\/strong><\/p>\n

Robert E. Hegel, Katherine Carlitz<\/p>\n

University of Washington Press, 2007<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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