{"id":70243,"date":"2026-05-14T05:27:30","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T21:27:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=70243"},"modified":"2026-05-14T05:53:47","modified_gmt":"2026-05-13T21:53:47","slug":"1936-39%e5%b7%b4%e5%8b%92%e6%96%af%e5%9d%a6%e8%b5%b7%e4%b9%89%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%80%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=70243","title":{"rendered":"1936-1939\u5e74\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u8d77\u4e49\uff08\u4e00\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005: \u683c\u6851\u00b7\u5361\u7eb3\u6cd5\u5c3c\u00a0 \u00a0 \u8bd1\u8005: \u7c73\u5229\u6770<\/p>\n<p>\u8bd1\u8005\u6309<\/p>\n<p>1936\u5e744\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u6c11\u4e00\u58f0\u58f0\u201c\u5e9f\u9664\u82f1\u56fd\u59d4\u4efb\u7edf\u6cbb\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u72b9\u592a\u79fb\u6c11\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c11\u65cf\u72ec\u7acb\u201d\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u4e2d\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6700\u9ad8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5ba3\u5e03\u8fdb\u884c\u603b\u7f62\u5de5\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5f88\u5feb\u8f6c\u4e3a\u4e86\u904d\u5e03\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5404\u5730\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u66b4\u52a8\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u4e09\u5e74\u591a\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u6c11\u8d77\u4e49\u5c31\u6b64\u62c9\u5f00\u5e8f\u5e55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u6c11\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e3a\u4e86\u53cd\u6297\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u800c\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u65e9\u57281920\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u6c11\u5c31\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u59d4\u4efb\u7edf\u6cbb\u5f53\u5c40\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u6c11\u65cf\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u96c6\u4f1a\u548c\u6e38\u884c\u793a\u5a01\u30021921\u5e74\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u6c11\u5728\u96c5\u6cd5\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u53cd\u6297\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u9547\u538b\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u66b4\u52a8\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u9547\u538b\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6b64\u540e\u76841929\u5e74\u30011930-1931\u5e74\u30011933\u5e74\u548c1935\u5e74\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u6c11\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u6d6a\u9ad8\u8fc7\u4e00\u6d6a\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u66b4\u52a8\uff0c\u76f4\u81f31936\u5e74\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u6c11\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u603b\u7206\u53d1\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u6c11\u4ece\u672a\u653e\u5f03\u8fc7\u4e89\u53d6\u6c11\u65cf\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u8d70\u6b66\u88c5\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u300a1936-1939\u5e74\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u8d77\u4e49\u300b\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u82f1\u52c7\u65e0\u754f\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u6c11\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u59d4\u4efb\u7edf\u6cbb\u5f53\u5c40\u3001\u8eab\u4e3a\u524d\u8005\u8d70\u72d7\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5c01\u5efa\u5730\u4e3b\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7be1\u593a\u4e86\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9636\u7ea7\u672c\u6027\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u5c48\u819d\u6295\u964d\u4e86\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u8fb9\u201c\u6307\u6325\u201d\u8d77\u4e49\u4e00\u8fb9\u63a5\u53d7\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u62c9\u62e2\uff09\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u4e70\u529e\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u5468\u8fb9\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5c01\u5efa\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u53db\u5356\u548c\u8054\u5408\u7ede\u6740\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u89e3\u653e\u6218\u6597\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u523b\u7684\u5149\u8f89\u4e8b\u8ff9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u7206\u53d1\u548c\u5931\u8d25\u53ca\u5176\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d77\u4e49\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u800c\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u5256\u6790\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u53f2\u6599\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5386\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u683c\u6851\u00b7\u5361\u7eb3\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u8457\u540d\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u88ab\u5077\u53bb\u7684\u886c\u886b\u300b\u3001\u300a\u9633\u5149\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u300b\u3001\u300a\u60b2\u4f24\u67d1\u6a58\u5730\u300b\u7b49\uff0c\u65e0\u4e0d\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u6d41\u4ea1\u5728\u5916\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u5bf9\u6ca6\u4e27\u7684\u6545\u571f\u7684\u7737\u5ff5\u30021967\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u4e2d\u4e1c\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u89e3\u653e\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u521b\u5efa\u201c\u89e3\u653e\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u201d\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u201c\u4eba\u9635\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u548c\u673a\u5173\u520a\u7269\u300a\u76ee\u6807\u300b\u7684\u4e3b\u7f16\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u4eba\u9635\u8d77\u8349\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u4ee5\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5217\u5b81\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u6307\u5bfc\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7eb2\u9886\u3002\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u6c11\u65cf\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u706b\u70ed\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7d20\u6750\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u671f\u4ed6\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u8bf8\u5982\u300a\u8428\u963f\u5fb7\u5927\u5988\u300b\u3001\u300a\u7ed9\u4f60\u4eec\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5341\u4e8c\u53f7\u75c5\u5458\u4e4b\u6b7b\u300b\u300a\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u300b\u300a\u4eba\u548c\u67aa\u300b\u7b49\u6709\u5173\u6c11\u65cf\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u91cd\u8fd4\u6d77\u6cd5\u300b\u5219\u7740\u91cd\u8868\u73b0\u4e86\u666e\u901a\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u7684\u89c9\u9192\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u683c\u6851\u00b7\u5361\u7eb3\u6cd5\u5c3c\u8fd8\u521b\u4f5c\u4e86\u300a\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u88ab\u5360\u9886\u533a\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u6587\u5b66\u300b\u548c\u300a\u8bba\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u5b66\u300b\u4e24\u672c\u6587\u827a\u6279\u8bc4\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u88ab\u5360\u9886\u533a\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1972\u5e747\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u683c\u6851\u00b7\u5361\u7eb3\u6cd5\u5c3c\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f84\u5973\u62c9\u7c73\u4e9a\u00b7\u5361\u7eb3\u6cd5\u5c3c\u5728\u8d1d\u9c81\u7279\u56e0\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u201c\u6469\u8428\u5fb7\u201d\u7279\u52a1\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6697\u6740\u800c\u58ee\u70c8\u727a\u7272\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4e43\u81f3\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u628a\u6587\u5b66\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7d27\u7d27\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u76f4\u81f3\u732e\u8eab\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1778630565277xMpPQV.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-05-13T00:02:46Z\/86400\/host\/20b444816e854fec29cea16f07899ee9c7de3d4418ffff63bd2bffa451414e66\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u683c\u6851\u00b7\u5361\u7eb3\u6cd5\u5c3c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u76ee\u6807\u300b\u5468\u520a\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff08\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u6d77\u62a5\u8ba1\u5212\uff09<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u5bfc\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1936-1939\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9769\u547d\u8fd0\u52a8\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u654c\u4eba\u7684\u624b\u4e2d\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u632b\u6298\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u654c\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u5728\u5176\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u6240\u6709\u540e\u7eed\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5a01\u80c1\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u5f53\u5730\u7684\u53cd\u52a8\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5468\u8fb9\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49-\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u654c\u4eba<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u96c6\u4e2d\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u529b\u91cf\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u56e0\u7d20\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1.\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u53ca\u5176\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c11\u65cf\u6311\u6218\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7fa4\u4f17\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u6311\u6218\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fb5\u7565\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.\u5730\u65b9\u5c01\u5efa\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u4e0e\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\uff1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u548c\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6597\u4e89\u59cb\u7ec8\u7b26\u5408\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u51b5\u90a3\u6837\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u52bf\u529b\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u5730\u5b8c\u5168\u7ed3\u76df\u3002\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u90a3\u91cc\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u7684\u76df\u53cb\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1778630760744mBH3jr.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-05-13T00:06:01Z\/86400\/host\/431b20c05218f077b4663552048e5b81e96b6ca17e7b51c8493e51f91eeec6d4\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u82f1\u56fd\u51b7\u6eaa\u90e8\u961f\u6b63\u5728\u62bc\u9001\u53c2\u4e0e\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\uff081938\u5e74\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u56e0\u7d20\u4f7f\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6597\u4e89\u6240\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u53c2\u4e0e\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u5bb9\u5fcd\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52a8\uff08\u5373\u6b66\u88c5\u6597\u4e89\uff09\uff1b\u5b83\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5176\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u53cd\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u5173\u952e\u9636\u6bb5\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b\u5c01\u5efa\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u529f\u5730\u957f\u671f\uff08\u76f4\u52301948\u5e74\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u53d1\u751f\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u5feb\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4ee5\u53ca\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5374\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u635f\u5bb3\u3002\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4ece\u534a\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a\u5411\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6743\u529b\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u673a\u5668\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e5f\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u793e\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c30\u5e74\u4ee3\u76f4\u8a00\u4e0d\u8bb3\u5730\u4e3b\u5f20\u548c\u89e3\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u5e76\u975e\u5730\u4e3b\u6216\u5bcc\u519c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\u4e0a\u5c42\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u9010\u6e10\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u543b\u5408\u3002\u540e\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5468\u8fb9\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u56fd\u5bb6\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u4e24\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6cdb\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7fa4\u4f17\u9769\u547d\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u6597\u4e89\u4e0e\u6574\u4e2a\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6597\u4e89\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8fa9\u8bc1\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u65e2\u6709\u653f\u6743\u6b63\u5728\u7aed\u5c3d\u5168\u529b\u5e2e\u52a9\u904f\u5236\u548c\u7834\u574f\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u52a0\u5267\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4fc3\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u671d\u7740\u66f4\u52a0\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u88ab\u8feb\u652f\u6301\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u9886\u5bfc\u4e86\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1778630798871CjKv0T.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-05-13T00:06:39Z\/86400\/host\/32503c0566b7f2e9ccbfb8d0f475016d371568f54dbc1b5ae1e4636f073577d0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u652f\u6301\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5fd7\u613f\u519b<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49-\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8054\u76df\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u58ee\u5927\uff1b1936-1939\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7262\u56fa\u5730\u690d\u5165\u4e86\u6b96\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5316\u548c\u4fb5\u7565\u6027\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u76f8\u5bf9\u904f\u5236\u548c\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\uff1b\u8fd9\u968f\u540e\u5bf9\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u5f3a\u6743\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u72b9\u592a-\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5144\u5f1f\u60c5\u8c0a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5728\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4eba\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u88ab\u5b64\u7acb\u4e86\uff0c\u53cd\u52a8\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u52b3\u5de5\u603b\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8fdb\u6b65\u529b\u91cf\u5728\u6d77\u6cd5\u548c\u96c5\u6cd5\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u52b3\u5de5\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u51cf\u5f31\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u5784\u65ad\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u53cd\u52a8\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u6240\u63a7\u5236\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u4e0d\u8db3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9053\u5fb7\u6216\u6c11\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4e2d\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u3001\u5de5\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u4e2d\u7b49\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u9636\u5c42\u3002\u72b9\u592a\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u7279\u5f81\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1933-1935\u5e74\uff0c15\u4e07\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u4f7f\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u53e3\u8fbe\u523044.3\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u5360\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u768429.6%\u30021926\u5e74\u81f31932\u5e74\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5e74\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u4e3a7201\u4eba[1]\u30021933-1936\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u4e0a\u5347\u523042985\u4eba\u30021932\u5e74\uff0c9\u5343\u540d\u5fb7\u56fd\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\uff0c1933\u5e74\u4e3a3\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c1934\u5e74\u4e3a4\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c1935\u5e74\u4e3a6.1\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd1\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\u7684\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u5b9a\u5c45[2]\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u6050\u5413\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5e76\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u79bb\u5f00\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u7f6a\u9b41\u7978\u9996\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5219\u662f\u5c06\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u79fb\u6c11\u5f15\u5411\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u7f6a\u9b41\u7978\u9996\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a\u5728256.2\u4e07\u540d\u9003\u79bb\u7eb3\u7cb9\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ea\u63a5\u53d7\u4e8617\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u63a5\u6536\u4e865\u4e07\u4eba\uff081.9%\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u63a5\u6536\u4e868.5%\uff0c193\u4e07\u4eba\uff0875.2%\uff09\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u907f\u96be[3]\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u79fb\u6c11\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a1933\u5e74\uff0c\u67093250\u4eba\uff0811%\uff09\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\uff0c1934\u5e74\u67095124\u4eba\uff0812%\uff09\uff0c1935\u5e74\u67096309\u4eba\uff0810%\uff09[4]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u5b98\u65b9\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u57281932-1936 \u5e74\u671f\u95f4\u8fdb\u5165\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\uff0c\u67091370 \u4eba\uff08\u9644\u5e26\u670917119\u540d\u5bb6\u5c5e\uff09\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u5343\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\uff08PL\uff09\uff0c\u670913\u4e07\u4eba\u6b63\u5f0f\u767b\u8bb0\u4e3a\u6c42\u804c\u8005\u6216\u4ee5\u524d\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5bb6\u5c5e[5]\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u6b27\u6d32\u72b9\u592a\u8d44\u672c\u5411\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u4e00\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u4ec5\u9650\u72b9\u592a\u52b3\u5de5\u201d\u53e3\u53f7\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5bfc\u81f4\u72b9\u592a\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u519c\u6c11\u3001\u519c\u573a\u4e3b\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0e\u5176\u72b9\u592a\u540c\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u6597\u4e89\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u51b2\u7a81\u8fd8\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5c42\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5c0f\u5730\u4e3b\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u7b49\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u6b63\u53d7\u5230\u65e5\u76ca\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u57281935\u5e74\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u57661212 \u5bb6\u5de5\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684872 \u5bb6\uff0c\u96c7\u7528\u4e8613678\u540d\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u7531\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u96c7\u7528\u4e86\u7ea64\u5343\u540d\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u603b\u989d\u4e3a439.1\u4e07\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\uff0c\u800c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u6295\u8d44\u603b\u989d\u4e3a70.4\u4e07\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\uff1b\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u76c8\u5229\u8fbe\u52306\u767e\u4e07\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\uff0c\u800c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u76c8\u5229\u4e3a154.5\u4e07\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u8d44\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u59d4\u4efb\u7edf\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u6388\u4e88\u768490%\u7684\u7279\u8bb8\u6743\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u8bb8\u6743\u7684\u603b\u6295\u8d44\u4e3a578.9\u4e07\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a2619\u540d\u5de5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u529b[6]\u30021937\u5e74\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5de5\u8d44\u6bd4\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u9ad8145%\uff08\u5728\u96c7\u7528\u72b9\u592a\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5987\u5973\u7684\u7eba\u7ec7\u5382\u9ad8\u8fbe433%\uff0c\u5728\u70df\u8349\u5382\u9ad8\u8fbe233%\uff09[7]\u3002\u201c\u52301937\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u8d44\u4e0b\u964d\u4e8610%\uff0c\u800c\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u5219\u4e0a\u6da8\u4e8610%\u3002\u201d[8]<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5bfc\u81f4\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u9762\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u96c5\u6cd5\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u4e66\u8bb0\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u66fc\u82cf\u5c14\u5728\u7ed9\u76ae\u5c14\u7687\u5bb6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c98%\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u201c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u6c34\u5e73\u201d\u3002\u6839\u636e1936\u5e74\u5bf9\u96c5\u6cd51000\u540d\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u666e\u67e5\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u8054\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c57%\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6536\u5165\u4f4e\u4e8e2.750\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\uff08\u517b\u5bb6\u7cca\u53e3\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6700\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u4e3a11\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\uff09\uff1b12%\u4f4e\u4e8e4.250\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\uff0c12%\u4f4e\u4e8e6\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\uff0c4%\u4f4e\u4e8e10\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\uff0c1.5%\u4f4e\u4e8e12\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\uff0c0.5%\u4f4e\u4e8e15\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551[9]\u30021935\u5e746\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u5f53\u59d4\u4efb\u7edf\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u62d2\u7edd\u8ba9\u8fd11000\u540d\u5931\u4e1a\u7684\u96c5\u6cd5\u5de5\u4eba\u4e3e\u884c\u793a\u5a01\u6e38\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u8054\u53d1\u8868\u58f0\u660e\u8b66\u544a\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4e88\u5de5\u4eba\u9762\u5305\u6216\u5b50\u5f39\u201d[10]\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5904\u5883\u4e0d\u65ad\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u8d77\u4e49\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8feb\u5728\u7709\u776b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u66fc\u82cf\u5c14\uff08\u66fe\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5458\uff09\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u76ae\u5c14\u7687\u5bb6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff1a\u622a\u81f31935\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u4ec5\u96c5\u6cd5\u5e02\u5c31\u67092270\u540d\u7537\u5973\u5de5\u4eba\u5931\u4e1a\uff0c\u800c\u96c5\u6cd5\u5e02\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3a7.1\u4e07\u4eba[11]\u3002\u66fc\u82cf\u5c14\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u9ad8\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u56db\u4e2a\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u79fb\u6c11\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\uff1a1) \u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u5b9a\u5c45\uff1b2) \u57ce\u5e02\u79fb\u6c11\uff1b3) \u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u88ab\u89e3\u96c7\uff1b4) \u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f62\u52bf\u6076\u5316\uff1b5) \u59d4\u4efb\u7edf\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u653f\u7b56[12]\u3002\u5728\u4e5d\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u72b9\u592a\u52b3\u5de5\u603b\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u4eba\u6570\u589e\u52a0\u4e864.1\u4e07\u4eba\u3002\u6839\u636e\u300a\u4e8b\u7269\u62a5\u300b\uff08Davar\uff09\u7b2c3460\u671f\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u622a\u81f31936\u5e747\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u52b3\u8054\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u4eba\u6570\u4e3a11.5\u4e07\u4eba\u30021936\u5e74\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u65b9\u62a5\u544a\uff08\u7b2c117\u9875\uff09\u663e\u793a\uff0c1935\u5e74\u5e95\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u4e3a7.4\u4e07\u4eba[13]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u72b9\u592a\u8d44\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u9879\u76ee\u89e3\u96c7\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u66b4\u529b\u51b2\u7a81\u30021935\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u9a6c\u5c14\u6bd4\u65af\uff08Malbis\uff09\u3001\u6234\u5170\uff08Dairan\uff09\u3001\u74e6\u8fea\u80e1\u5357\uff08Wadi Hunain\uff09\u548c\u5361\u8fea\u62c9\uff08Khadira\uff09\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\uff0c\u5171\u67096214\u540d\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba[14]\u3002\u516d\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u5b57\u4e0b\u964d\u52302276\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\u53c8\u4e0b\u964d\u5230617\u540d\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u88ad\u51fb\u4e5f\u65f6\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u793e\u533a\u5f3a\u8feb\u4e00\u540d\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u627f\u5305\u5546\u53ca\u5176\u5de5\u4eba\u79bb\u5f00\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6d77\u6cd5\u7684\u5e03\u7f57\u5fb7\u65af\u57fa\u5927\u697c\uff08Brodski building\uff09\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u679c\u56ed\u3001\u5377\u70df\u5382\u3001\u6ce5\u74e6\u5320\u573a\u3001\u5efa\u7b51\u7b49\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65ad\u5931\u4e1a[15]\u30021930-1935\u5e74\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u73cd\u73e0\u4e1a\u7684\u5e74\u51fa\u53e3\u989d\u4ece11532\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\u4e0b\u964d\u52303777\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\u3002\u4ec5\u6d77\u6cd5\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u80a5\u7682\u5382\u6570\u91cf\u5c31\u4ece1929\u5e74\u768412\u5bb6\u4e0b\u964d\u52301935\u5e74\u76844\u5bb6\u3002\u5176\u51fa\u53e3\u989d\u4ece1930\u5e74\u768420.6659\u4e07\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\u4e0b\u964d\u52301935\u5e74\u76847.9311\u4e07\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551[16]\u3002\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u727a\u7272\u54c1\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u8981\u8d1f\u4e3b\u8981\u8d23\u4efb\u201d[17]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8036\u80e1\u8fbe\u00b7\u9c8d\u5c14\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u57281936\u5e74\u9a9a\u4e71\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u9664\u82cf\u8054\u4e4b\u5916\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u8f93\u5165\uff08\u8d85\u8fc73000\u4e07\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u8fdb\u5165\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\uff09\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eab\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u6709\u6295\u8d44\u8ba1\u5212\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u201d[18]\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7e41\u8363\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0d\u7a33\u56fa\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u62c5\u5fc3\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u7206\u53d1\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u6d8c\u5165\u4e00\u65e6\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u7e41\u8363\u5c31\u4f1a\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u201c\u8d37\u6b3e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u5931\u4e1a\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u5efa\u7b51\u6d3b\u52a8\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u88ab\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u96c7\u4e3b\u89e3\u96c7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6751\u5e84\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0d\u65ad\u9ad8\u6da8\u3002\u201d[19]<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/17786310014993VolbE.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-05-13T00:10:02Z\/86400\/host\/3ef86ce7c5f671d481fa6ee9fcc10bb1a4b34d1a503ede3c46c7ec07a2d01f0f\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8036\u80e1\u8fbe\u00b7\u9c8d\u5c14\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u62b5\u6297\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u51fa\u7248\u4e86 40 \u591a\u672c\u5173\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6d69\u52ab\u548c\u53cd\u72b9\u592a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5728 1967 \u5e74\u540e\u5360\u9886\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u53cd\u5bf9\u603b\u7406\u672c\u96c5\u660e-\u5185\u5854\u5c3c\u4e9a\u80e1\u548c\u53f3\u7ffc\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u653f\u7b56<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9c8d\u5c14\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6301\u7eed\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u970d\u666e\u00b7\u8f9b\u666e\u68ee\u7235\u58eb\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u91d1\u6295\u5165\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u65e0\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u589e\u52a0\u79fb\u6c11\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5371\u9669\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u201d\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u9c8d\u5c14\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6839\u636e\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4ed6\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u6d8c\u5165\u4ecd\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u57281935\u5e74\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u9876\u5cf0\uff1b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e5f\u5728\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u96c7\u4e3b\u89e3\u96c7\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65e9\u5728\u90a3\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86[20]\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u5927\u6279\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u519c\u6c11\u88ab\u8d76\u51fa\u5bb6\u56ed\uff0c\u80cc\u4e95\u79bb\u4e61[21]\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u57ce\u9547\uff0c\u5374\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u65e5\u76ca\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5931\u4e1a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u673a\u5668\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1778631072968NxMup1.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-05-13T00:11:13Z\/86400\/host\/04d09bfe8e6c707d55cf57a13cea78ad882dc461d1f083a03514f14a7022b81e\" \/><\/p>\n<p>2023\u5e74 11 \u6708 3 \u65e5\uff0c\u6570\u5343\u540d\u88ab\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u9a71\u9010\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5de5\u4eba\u5728\u52a0\u6c99\u62c9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u52a0\u6c99\u5730\u5e26\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u519b\u961f\u5728\u8ddd\u79bb\u8fb9\u5883\u53e3\u5cb8 2 \u516c\u91cc\u5904\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u6b65\u884c\u8fdb\u5165\u52a0\u6c99\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5f53\u5c40\u6ca1\u6536\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u94b1\u548c\u624b\u673a\u3002\uff08\u963f\u8d1d\u5fb7\u00b7\u62c9\u5e0c\u59c6\u00b7\u54c8\u63d0\u535c\u6444 &#8211; \u5b89\u7eb3\u591a\u5362\u901a\u8baf\u793e\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u201d\u5de6\u6d3e\u540e\u6765\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u572850\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u52a8\u5458\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u56e2\u7ed3\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u72b9\u592a\u52b3\u8054\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u5468\u56f4\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u201c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u201d\u653f\u6743\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u201c\u72b9\u592a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u65e0\u6cd5\u56f4\u7ed5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u88ab\u52a8\u5458\u8d77\u6765\u201d[22]\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u9ad8\u6548\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\u8d6b\u8328\u5c14\u7684\u8bdd\uff1a \u201c\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5730\u533a\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u571f\u5730\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u5176\u6240\u6709\u8005\u624b\u4e2d\u593a\u53d6\u3002\u8d2b\u7a77\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u56fd\u5bb6\u627e\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u540e\u8fc5\u901f\u8d8a\u8fc7\u8fb9\u754c\u64a4\u79bb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\uff1b\u81f3\u4e8e\u5927\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u52a0\u5165\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u5217\u3002\u201d[23]\u72b9\u592a\u52b3\u8054\u5728\u603b\u7ed3\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u65f6\u5ba3\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u5141\u8bb8\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5927\u91cf\u6d8c\u5165\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u8d44\u672c\u5c06\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u4e3a\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u9a70\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5c31\u4e1a\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u5206\u5316\uff1a\u72b9\u592a\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u96c7\u4f63\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5141\u8bb8\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5f15\u5165\u5bfc\u81f4\u53cd\u72b9\u592a\u4e3b\u4e49\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u201d[24]<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4e0e\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u793e\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5347\u7ea7\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u6b63\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff1b\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u5206\u5b50\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u65e5\u6e10\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u5904\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5904\u5883\u65e5\u76ca\u6076\u5316\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u81f3\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u8fd8\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u6c89\u91cd\u6253\u51fb\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u4e3b\u89c2\u5f31\u70b9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5904\u4e8e\u762b\u75ea\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u8fc5\u901f\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc9\u8bf8\u6b66\u88c5\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5b64\u7acb\u548c\u6467\u6bc1\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\uff0c\u800c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62b5\u5236\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5de5\u4eba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u904f\u5236\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5c01\u5efa\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bb9\u5fcd\u4e0d\u53d7\u5176\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u7684\u6050\u5413\u300230\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u7a46\u592b\u63d0\u96c6\u56e2\u6697\u6740\u4e86\u96c5\u6cd5\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14\u00b7\u7c73\u7279\u91cc\u3002\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u6d77\u6cd5\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3001\u5de5\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u8428\u7c73\u00b7\u5854\u54c8\u4e5f\u906d\u5230\u6697\u6740\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u4f20\u7edf\u5c01\u5efa\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u7684\u654c\u89c6\u548c\u538b\u8feb\u3002\u51b2\u7a81\u5076\u5c14\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u66b4\u529b\u5bf9\u6297\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u5f53\u4f20\u7edf\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u8bbe\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u5bf9\u6297\u5c31\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u5728\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6c11\u65cf\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u5c16\u9510\u5316\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5c06\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5076\u5c14\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6210\u529f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52a8\u30021920\u5e745\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u4e00\u7fa4\u793a\u5a01\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5458\u5728\u7279\u62c9\u7ef4\u592b\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u793a\u5a01\u8005\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u9003\u79bb\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5230\u96c5\u6cd5\u7684\u66fc\u5e0c\u4e9a\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u533a\u907f\u96be\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u6d3e\u6765\u902e\u6355\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u961f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u51b2\u7a81[25]\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u5929\u5206\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u58f0\u660e\u4e2d\uff0c\u515a\u7684\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5ba3\u5e03\uff1a \u201c\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4eba\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0e\u4f60\u4eec\u540c\u5728\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u6765\u8feb\u5bb3\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6765\u548c\u4f60\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u968f\u65f6\u51c6\u5907\u7ad9\u5728\u4f60\u4eec\u4e00\u8fb9\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u654c\u4eba\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3001\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u717d\u52a8\u4f60\u4eec\u53cd\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u53d7\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u4e0a\u5f53\u53d7\u9a97\uff1b\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4eba\u662f\u9769\u547d\u6218\u58eb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u62b5\u6297\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u72b9\u592a\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u5411\u4f60\u4eec\u4f38\u51fa\u4e86\u63f4\u52a9\u4e4b\u624b\u2026\u2026\u6211\u4eec\u547c\u5401\u4f60\u4eec\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u628a\u571f\u5730\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5356\u7ed9\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5bcc\u4eba\u4f5c\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u6253\u5012\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u523a\u5200\uff0c\u6253\u5012\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u548c\u5916\u56fd\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u3002\u201d[26]<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1778631115580D5mbyN.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-05-13T00:11:56Z\/86400\/host\/6169cb24900e7806857f022ec7ebbb5bb95154e4e092d5a2cf855956bc6b0196\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u65d7\u5e1c\uff08\u6e90\u5934\u4e3a1919\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5de5\u4eba\u515a\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4efd\u957f\u7bc7\u58f0\u660e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u63cf\u7ed8\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u5904\u63d0\u5230\u201c\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u519c\u4ee5\u53ca\u72b9\u592a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e5\u5e38\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d55\u4eba\u5728\u7279\u62c9\u7ef4\u592b\u906d\u5230\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u88ad\u51fb\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\u5230\u96c5\u6cd5\u3002\u76f4\u52301930\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u5373\u515a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e03\u6b21\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u53ec\u5f00\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u515a\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u5b9e\u9694\u7edd\u3002\u5728\u5927\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u515a\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u201c\u5bf9\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u72b9\u592a\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u8be5\u515a\u672a\u80fd\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7fa4\u4f17\u4e2d\u79ef\u6781\u5f00\u5c55\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4eba\u4e2d\u5f00\u5c55\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u5b64\u7acb\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8be5\u515a\u57281929\u5e74\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u8d77\u4e49\u4e2d\u7684\u6d88\u6781\u6001\u5ea6\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\u3002\u201d[27]<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u515a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u653b\u51fb\u4e86\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5904\u5883\u8270\u96be\uff09\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u515a\u4ece\u672a\u91c7\u53d6\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u548c\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u9636\u7ea7\u7ed3\u76df\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46 1930-1931\u5e74\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7b2c\u4e03\u6b21\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5206\u6790\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u663e\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u8be5\u515a\u5c06\u89e3\u51b3\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6c11\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\u89c6\u4e3a\u9769\u547d\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u5b83\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0e\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u9694\u7edd\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u53d7\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u515a\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5316\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5206\u5b50\u963b\u6b62\u515a\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5316\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u201d\u3002\u5927\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u515a\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u6269\u5927\u80fd\u591f\u6307\u5bfc\u519c\u6c11\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u9769\u547d\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\uff08\u5373\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u9769\u547d\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\uff09\u3002\u515a\u7684\u201c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u515a\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u52b3\u82e6\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u662f\u515a\u5728\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u6d3b\u52a8\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u7684\u9996\u8981\u6761\u4ef6[28]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\u515a\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5b8c\u6210\u52a8\u5458\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5927\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u9769\u547d\u53e3\u53f7\u4e5f\u4ece\u672a\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u884c\u52a8\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u7ed9\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7be1\u593a\u8005\u4e00\u5fb7\u5357\u7684\u571f\u5730\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9769\u547d\u6027\u5730\u6ca1\u6536\u5c5e\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u5f00\u53d1\u5546\u3001\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d3e\u522b\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5927\u5730\u4e3b\u548c\u519c\u573a\u4e3b\u7684\u571f\u5730\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u571f\u5730\u51fa\u552e\u534f\u8bae\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7be1\u593a\u8005\u4f5c\u6597\u4e89\u201d[29]\u3002\u5927\u4f1a\u8fd8\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u6240\u6709\u7d27\u8feb\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u7ed3\u675f\u538b\u8feb\u3002\u201d[30]<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5316\u201d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5c01\u5efa\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u63a7\u5236\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u655e\u5f00\u4e86\u5927\u95e8\u3002<br \/>\n\u5f53\u65f6\u8be5\u515a\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u548c\u505a\u6cd5\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u57281928-1934\u5e74\u95f4\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e0d\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u4eba\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u5b64\u7acb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u672a\u80fd\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7fa4\u4f17\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u5168\u529b\u4ee5\u8d74\u5730\u6295\u5165\u4e861936\u5e74\u7684\u8d77\u4e49\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6781\u5927\u7684\u52c7\u6c14\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u7a46\u592b\u63d0\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u88ab\u6740\u5bb3\u6216\u902e\u6355\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u652f\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u201c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5316\u201d\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e22\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u8fd1\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u76841946\u5e741\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u6d88\u606f\u62a5\u300b\uff08Izvestia\uff09\u7adf\u6562\u5c06\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u201c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6597\u4e89\u201d\u4e0e\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u57281917\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u76f8\u63d0\u5e76\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e03\u5927\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u624d\u88ab\u62ab\u9732\u51fa\u6765\uff1b\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u515a\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u6c11\u65cf\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e03\u5927\u4e3a\u5b83\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u30021936\u5e74\u8d77\u4e49\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u515a\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5316\u6709\u5173\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c1948\u5e74\u548c1965\u5e74\u53c8\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u6839\u672c\u6027\u5206\u88c2\uff1b\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u89c1\u8005\u4e3b\u5f20\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u201d\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u65b0\u5174\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u8f6f\u5f31\u4ee5\u53ca\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e0d\u56e2\u7ed3\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5c01\u5efa\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u57281936\u5e74\u5c40\u52bf\u5347\u7ea7\u5230\u7206\u53d1\u70b9\u65f6\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u88ab\u593a\u53bb\u571f\u5730\u7684\u519c\u6c11<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f1936\u5e74\u8d77\u4e49\u7206\u53d1\u65f6\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u72b9\u592a\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u6765\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u662f\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u72b9\u592a\u8d44\u672c\u6d8c\u5165\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5927\u91cf\u72b9\u592a\u8d44\u672c\u88ab\u6d41\u5411\u4e86\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u519b\u961f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5668\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u538b\u529b\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u72b9\u592a\u56fd\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6210\u679c\u5fae\u4e4e\u5176\u5fae\uff08\u603b\u5171\u65b0\u589e\u4e866752\u540d\u6b96\u6c11\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e25\u91cd\u635f\u5bb3\u4e86\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u519c\u6751\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u72b9\u592a\u56e2\u4f53\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u519c\u6751\u571f\u5730\u4ece1929\u5e74\u768430\u4e07\u5fb7\u5357\u589e\u52a0\u52301930\u5e74\u7684125\u4e07\u5fb7\u5357\uff081\u5fb7\u5357\u7ea6\u7b49\u4e8e1000\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff09\u3002\u4ece\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6b96\u6c11\u5316\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u201c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u571f\u5730\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd1 100\u4e07\u5fb7\u5357\u2014\u2014\u51e0\u4e4e\u5360\u519c\u7530\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u7684\u5f81\u7528\u5bfc\u81f4\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u519c\u6c11\u548c\u8d1d\u90fd\u56e0\u4eba\u4e25\u91cd\u8d2b\u56f0\u5316\u3002\u52301931\u5e74\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5171\u9a71\u9010\u4e862\u4e07\u4e2a\u519c\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u53d1\u8fbe\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u793c\u4eea\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5931\u53bb\u571f\u5730\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u519c\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u5728\u88ab\u6b96\u6c11\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6467\u6bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f4\u52301931\u5e74\uff0c\u6bcf\u5343\u540d\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709151\u4eba\u4f9d\u9760\u519c\u4e1a\u4e3a\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u5343\u540d\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u4e2d\u6709637\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u8fd111.9\u4e07\u540d\u519c\u6c11\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ea6\u67091.1\u4e07\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002[1] 1931\u5e74\uff0c19.1%\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u52a1\u519c\uff0c\u800c59%\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u9760\u571f\u5730\u4e3a\u751f\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u57fa\u7840\u975e\u5e38\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u5145\u5206\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u9762\u8c8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1941\u5e74\uff0c30%\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u519c\u6c11\u6ca1\u6709\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u8fd150%\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u571f\u5730\u592a\u5c0f\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u9700\u6c42\u3002250\u540d\u5c01\u5efa\u5730\u4e3b\u62e5\u6709400\u4e07\u5fb7\u5357\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c2.5\u4e07\u4e2a\u519c\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\u6ca1\u6709\u571f\u5730\uff0c4.6\u4e07\u4e2a\u519c\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\u5e73\u5747\u62e5\u6709100\u5fb7\u5357\u7684\u571f\u5730\u30021.5\u4e07\u540d\u519c\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\u53d7\u96c7\u4e3a\u5730\u4e3b\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6839\u636e1936\u5e74\u5bf9322\u4e2a\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6751\u5e84\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c47%\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0d\u8db37\u5fb7\u5357\uff0c65%\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0d\u8db320\u5fb7\u5357\uff08\u517b\u6d3b\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u5bb6\u5ead\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u4e3a130\u5fb7\u5357\uff09[2]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5165\u4fb5\u3001\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5c01\u5efa\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u5236\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u59d4\u4efb\u7edf\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u5f81\u6536\u91cd\u7a0e\u7684\u4e09\u91cd\u538b\u529b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u519c\u6751\u5927\u4f17\u4e3b\u8981\u8fd8\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u6311\u6218\u3002\u57281929\u5e74\u548c1933\u5e74\u7684\u8d77\u4e49\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5c0f\u519c\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u571f\u5730\u5356\u7ed9\u4e86\u5927\u5730\u4e3b\uff0c\u4ee5\u8d2d\u4e70\u6b66\u5668\u62b5\u6297\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5165\u4fb5\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u59d4\u4efb\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5165\u4fb5\u5a01\u80c1\u5230\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u8363\u8a89\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5c01\u5efa\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u5c3d\u7ba1\u72af\u4e0b\u4e86\u7f6a\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u5904\u4e8e\u9886\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5c01\u5efa\u5730\u4e3b\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u51fa\u552e\u7ed9\u72b9\u592a\u8d44\u672c\u30021933-1936\u5e74\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u6240\u6709\u571f\u5730\u4e2d\u6709 62.7%\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5730\u4e3b\uff0c14.9%\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5728\u5916\u5730\u4e3b\uff0c22.5%\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5c0f\u519c\u3002\u800c\u57281920-1922\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u5b57\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\uff1a20.8%\u6765\u81ea\u5e38\u4f4f\u5730\u4e3b\uff0c75.4%\u6765\u81ea\u5728\u5916\u5730\u4e3b\uff0c3.8%\u6765\u81ea\u5c0f\u519c[3] \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u59d4\u4efb\u7edf\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u65e8\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5b9a\u5c45\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff1b\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u660e\u519c\u6c11\u53d7\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\u6216\u88ab\u8feb\u51fa\u552e\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u74e6\u8fea\u54c8\u74e6\u5229\u65af\uff08Wadi al-Hawarith\uff09\uff08\u9762\u79ef\u4e3a4\u4e07\u5fb7\u5357\uff09\u3001\u6c99\u5854\u6751\uff08Shatta\uff09\uff08\u9762\u79ef\u4e3a1.6\u4e07\u5fb7\u5357\uff09\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb8\u591a\u6751\u5e84\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6751\u5e84\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5728\u9a71\u9010\u5c45\u6c11\u540e\u593a\u53d6\u4e86\u571f\u5730\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u76845\u4e07\u540d\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u62e5\u6709120\u4e07\u5fb7\u5357\u7684\u571f\u5730\u2014\u2014\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c45\u6c1124\u5fb7\u5357\u2014\u2014\u800c50\u4e07\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u5230600\u4e07\u5fb7\u5357\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c45\u6c1112\u5fb7\u5357[4] \u3002\u8d1d\u9c81\u7279\u5c01\u5efa\u5bb6\u65cf\u82cf\u5c14\u7d22\u514b\u5c06\u9a6c\u5c14\u5409\u00b7\u4f0a\u672c\u00b7\u963f\u7c73\u5c14\uff08Marj Ibn Amer\uff09\uff0824\u4e07\u5fb7\u5357\uff09\u7684\u571f\u5730\u5356\u7ed9\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u88ab\u8d76\u51fa\u9a6c\u5c14\u5409\u00b7\u4f0a\u672c\u00b7\u963f\u7c73\u5c14\uff0824\u4e07\u5fb7\u5357\uff09\u76848730\u540d\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u4e00\u76f4\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\uff0c\u76f4\u52301948\u5e74\u59d4\u4efb\u7edf\u6cbb\u7ed3\u675f[5]\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1778631365705zAiViW.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-05-13T00:16:06Z\/86400\/host\/1dd0ab30525275d6bc55c5ddfbb2f7ef13641194c0a07570fad79dcc7bdcda36\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1946 \u5e74\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5317\u90e8\u80e1\u62c9\u6e56\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u519c\u6c11\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u90bb\u5c45\u3002\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aZoltan Kluger\/GPO\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e70\u4e0b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5757\u571f\u5730\u5bf9\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u662f\u964c\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5b83\u88ab\u4ece\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u8eaf\u4f53\u4e0a\u5207\u9664\uff0c\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u201d[6]\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5927\u5c01\u5efa\u5730\u4e3b\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6839\u636e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c10%\u7684\u571f\u5730\u662f\u4ece\u519c\u6c11\u624b\u4e2d\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u662f\u4ece\u5927\u5730\u4e3b\u624b\u4e2d\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u2026\u2026\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c25%\u7684\u571f\u5730\u5c5e\u4e8e\u519c\u6c11\u3002\u201d[7]\u5c01\u5efa\u5730\u4e3b\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u9053\u6b49\u6001\u5ea6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\uff08\u636e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u62a5\u9053\uff09\u622a\u81f31936\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4e09\u5bb6\u5927\u578b\u72b9\u592a\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u571f\u5730\u4e2d\uff08\u5360\u72b9\u592a\u8d44\u672c\u622a\u81f3\u5f53\u65f6\u6240\u8d2d\u4e70\u571f\u5730\u7684\u4e00\u534a\uff09\uff0c52.6%\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5728\u5916\u5730\u4e3b\uff0c24.6%\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5c45\u4f4f\u5730\u4e3b\uff0c13.4%\u6765\u81ea\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u5916\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\uff0c9.4%\u6765\u81ea\u4e2a\u4f53\u519c\u6c11[8]\u3002\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u5bfc\u81f4\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u571f\u5730\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8f6c\u800c\u4ece\u4e8b\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u96c7\u7528\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u6700\u7ec8\u8fdb\u5165\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u975e\u6280\u672f\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u201c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u88ab\u8d76\u51fa\u571f\u5730\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u83b7\u5f97\u5176\u4ed6\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8865\u507f\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7a46\u8d6b\u5854\u5c14\uff08\u6751\u957f\uff09\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6751\u91cc\u7684\u540d\u4eba\u3002\u201d[9]\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u571f\u5730\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u90fd\u642c\u5230\u4e86\u57ce\u9547\u3002\u201c\u5728\u96c5\u6cd5\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8857\u9053\u6e05\u6d01\u5de5\u90fd\u662f\u524d\u6751\u6c11\uff1b\u62ff\u6492\u52d2\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u9999\u70df\u548c\u70df\u8349\u516c\u53f8\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5de5\u4eba\u4e5f\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u519c\u6751\u3002\u201d[10]<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8fc1\u5f99\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u95ee\u516c\u53f8\u96c7\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u56de\u7b54\u662f210\u4eba\u3002\u652f\u4ed8\u7ed9\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5468\u5de5\u8d44\u603b\u989d\u4e3a62\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\u6bcf\u546829.5\u76ae\u963f\u65af\u7279\u3002\u201d[11]\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u70df\u8349\u5382\u72b9\u592a\u5973\u5de5\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5468\u5de5\u8d44\u5728170\u76ae\u963f\u65af\u7279\u5230230\u76ae\u963f\u65af\u7279\u4e4b\u95f4[12]\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6536\u5165\u4e5f\u6bd4\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u4eba\u9ad8\u51fa100%[13]\u30021930\u5e74\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a-\u514b\u7f57\u65af\u6bd4\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5e74\u6536\u5165\u5728\u6263\u7a0e\u524d\u4e3a31.37\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6263\u7a0e\u989d\u4e3a3.87\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\u3002\u5982\u679c\u518d\u6263\u9664\u666e\u901a\u519c\u6c11\u4e3a\u8d37\u6b3e\u652f\u4ed8\u76848\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\u5229\u606f\uff0c\u5219\u5e74\u51c0\u6536\u5165\u4e3a19.5\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\u3002\u6839\u636e\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u652f\u51fa\u4e3a26\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\u3002\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u2026\u2026\u662f\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7a0e\u6536\u6700\u91cd\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u2026\u2026\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u663e\u7136\u65e8\u5728\u4f7f\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72b6\u51b5\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u4fdd\u5efa\u7acb\u72b9\u592a\u6c11\u65cf\u5bb6\u56ed\u3002\u201d[14]<\/p>\n<p>\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ece\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5411\u72b9\u592a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5c0f\u519c\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u79fb\u6c11\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u514d\u7a0e\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4e1a\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u5546\u54c1\u4e5f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u514d\u7a0e\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u5982\u67d0\u4e9b\u539f\u6750\u6599\u3001\u672a\u52a0\u5de5\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u7164\u70ad\u2026\u2026\u7b49\u3002\u8fdb\u53e3\u6d88\u8d39\u54c1\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u3002\u5e73\u5747\u8fdb\u53e3\u7a0e\u4ece\u59d4\u4efb\u7edf\u6cbb\u521d\u671f\u768411%\u4e0a\u5347\u52301936\u5e74\u768426%\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d\u7cd6\u7a0e\u4e3a110%\uff0c\u70df\u8349\u7a0e\u4e3a149%\uff0c\u6c7d\u6cb9\u7a0e\u4e3a208%\uff0c\u706b\u67f4\u7a0e\u4e3a4005%\uff0c\u5496\u5561\u7a0e\u4e3a26%\u3002[15]\u683c\u96f7\u6208\u91cc\u4e4c\u65af\u00b7\u54c8\u8d3e\u5c14\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\u5411\u76ae\u5c14\u7687\u5bb6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6545\u4e8b\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u66fe\u7ecf\u53bb\u8fc7\u963f\u514b\u91cc\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7f57\u59c6\u6751\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u6a44\u6984\u6cb9\u4e3a\u751f\u3002\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u5411\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4e13\u5458\u6295\u8bc9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u98df\u7528\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u53e3\u7684\u82b1\u751f\u514d\u7a0e\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u4ece\u4e2d\u69a8\u6cb9\u5e76\u4e0e\u6a44\u6984\u6cb9\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u51fa\u552e\u3002\u6751\u91cc\u7684\u4eba\u8981\u6c42\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0d\u53d7\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6765\u542c\u53d6\u6751\u6c11\u7684\u6295\u8bc9\u3002\u5f53\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u524d\u5f80\u7f57\u59c6\u6751\u65f6\uff0c\u6751\u6c11\u4eec\u6124\u6012\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6b63\u662f\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8463\u4e8b\u3002\u201d[16]\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7a0e\u6536\u5236\u5ea6\u660e\u663e\u5e26\u6709\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5bcc\u4eba\u3002\u5e74\u6536\u516522.37\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\u7684\u7a0e\u7387\u4e3a25%\uff0c\u800c\u5e74\u85aa\u548c\u6536\u5165\u8d85\u8fc71000\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9551\u7684\u7a0e\u7387\u4e3a12%[17]\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1778631432549Cj1mnI.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-05-13T00:17:13Z\/86400\/host\/3c8557b8663366b8d599c8b8b1f89ef6c7cb87b5dfe2213493304d58adad5210\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u519c\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\u5728\u6a44\u6984\u56ed\u4e2d\u3002\uff08\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u51e4\u51f0\u7f51\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u519c\u548c\u5c0f\u519c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u56e0\u5931\u53bb\u571f\u5730\u800c\u9677\u5165\u8d2b\u56f0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ee5\u201c\u53ea\u96c7\u7528\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4eba\u201d\u548c\u201c\u53ea\u751f\u4ea7\u72b9\u592a\u4ea7\u54c1\u201d\u4e3a\u53e3\u53f7\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u5382\u4e3b\u53ea\u96c7\u7528\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u652f\u4ed8\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u51fa\u552e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u201c\u9f13\u52b1\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4f18\u5148\u8d2d\u4e70\u72b9\u592a\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ef7\u683c\u9ad8\u4e8e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u201d[18]\u539f\u6750\u6599\u514d\u5f81\u5173\u7a0e\uff0c\u800c\u8fdb\u53e3\u5546\u54c1\u5219\u5f81\u6536\u9ad8\u989d\u7a0e\u6b3e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5982\u679c\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u5382\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u751f\u4ea7\u540c\u7c7b\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u57c3\u82ac\u8fea\u201d\uff08effendi\uff09\u7684\u9636\u5c42\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u57ce\u9547\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6536\u5165\u6765\u81ea\u79df\u7ed9\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u519c\u7530\u548c\u5411\u519c\u6c11\u8d37\u6b3e\u7684\u5229\u606f\u3002\uff08\u57c3\u82ac\u8fea\u9636\u5c42\u76f4\u5230\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u6295\u8d44\u5de5\u4e1a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5265\u524a\u5f62\u5f0f\u5bf9\u519c\u6c11\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7834\u574f\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6b96\u6c11\u5316\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u519c\u6751\u7fa4\u4f53\u662f\u201c\u8d1d\u90fd\u56e0\u4eba\u201d\uff0c1931\u5e74\u670966553\u4eba\uff081922\u5e74\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u670910.3\u4e07\u8d1d\u90fd\u56e0\u4eba\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u57281936\u5e74\u7684\u8d77\u4e49\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u4eec\u57281929\u5e748\u6708\u7684\u8d77\u4e49\u4e2d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5728\u524d\u8ff0\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5360\u4eba\u53e3\u8fd135%\u7684\u8d1d\u90fd\u56e0\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u652f\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u9769\u547d\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u56e0\u4e25\u91cd\u8d2b\u56f0\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u9965\u997f\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u7edd\u671b\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u6b66\u88c5\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c2\u52a0\u516b\u6708\u8d77\u4e49\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7fa4\u4f17\u8d77\u4e49\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u9886\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u91d1\u94b1\u6240\u8ff7\u60d1\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e3a\u7531\u65e0\u5730\u519c\u548c\u534a\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u519b\u961f\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u4eba\u624b\u3002\u201d[19]<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u652f\u79bb\u7834\u788e\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u57ce\u5e02\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5904\u4e8e\u6df7\u4e71\u3001\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e0d\u51b3\u548c\u56db\u5206\u4e94\u88c2\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u4ee5\u6781\u5feb\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u65e5\u76ca\u58ee\u5927\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u5c01\u5efa\u5730\u4e3b\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u4ece\u4e2d\u83b7\u5229\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c1937\u5e74\u5728\u76ae\u5c14\u7687\u5bb6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u548c\u524d\u51e0\u4e2a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4f5c\u8bc1\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u90fd\u8bb4\u6b4c\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u8d5e\u626c\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f8\u6bd4\u5bf9\u5f85\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e3a\u5947\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u66fe\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\uff08Porte\uff09\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u82cf\u4e39\u7684\u5821\u5792\uff0c\u662f\u7edf\u6cbb\u3001\u538b\u8feb\u548c\u5265\u524a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5374\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u9996\u5e2d\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u8d76\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5408\u683c\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u66f4\u7a33\u56fa\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u66f4\u4e25\u5bc6\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5c01\u5efa\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u6240\u8981\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8f6e\u5ed3\u5c31\u786e\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6743\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u6597\u4e89\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u56e2\u7ed3\u90a3\u4e9b\u6e34\u671b\u6446\u8131\u6b96\u6c11\u67b7\u9501\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd9\u573a\u201c\u6597\u4e89\u201d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u5177\u6709\u8fdb\u6b65\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7eb2\u9886\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e2\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u5176\u63a8\u5411\u5408\u7406\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u9075\u5faa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u672c\u6027\u5927\u76f8\u5f84\u5ead\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u62e5\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u81ea\u7531\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5f71\u54cd\u4e8b\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u538b\u529b\u3001\u65e5\u76ca\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5468\u8fb9\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u90e8\u5206\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7ed3\u76df\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1778631509103nKq8GP.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-05-13T00:18:29Z\/86400\/host\/461f8ba9bbe1cf460cbab123cc277bb21f105e2453b41323b600d91cadb37891\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1936\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u9ad8\u7ea7\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u96c6\u4f1a\u53cd\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u653f\u7b56<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56db\u3001\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u9ad8\u6f6e\u4e0e\u62b5\u6297\u6c1b\u56f4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1930\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u576613\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u603b\u76d1\u5728\u5176\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u627f\u8ba4\uff1a\u201c\u81ea\u5360\u9886\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4ece\u672a\u627f\u8bfa\u4e3a\u5728\u8be5\u56fd\u4fee\u5efa\u4e00\u6240\u5b66\u6821\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u201d1935\u5e74\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u62d2\u7edd\u4e8641%\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u7684\u5165\u5b66\u7533\u8bf7\u3002\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684800\u4e2a\u6751\u5e84\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u670915\u6240\u5973\u5b50\u5b66\u6821\u548c269\u6240\u7537\u5b50\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u53ea\u670915\u4e2a\u6751\u5e84\u7684\u5973\u5b69\u8bfb\u5230\u4e86\u5c0f\u5b66\u4e03\u5e74\u7ea7\u3002\u6709517\u4e2a\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6751\u5e84\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u7537\u6821\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5973\u6821\uff0c\u6751\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u6240\u4e2d\u5b66\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u201c\u5ba1\u67e5\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e0e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u6587\u5316\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5bf9\u63d0\u9ad8\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6c34\u5e73\u65e0\u6240\u4f5c\u4e3a\u2026\u2026\u201d[1]\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57281931\u5e74\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e2d\u6bcf\u5343\u4eba\u4e2d\u6709251\u540d\u7537\u6027\u548c33\u540d\u5973\u6027\u4e0a\u8fc7\u5b66\uff0c\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u5343\u4eba\u4e2d\u6709715\u540d\u7537\u6027\u548c441\u540d\u5973\u6027\u4e0a\u8fc7\u5b66\uff08\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u5343\u4eba\u4e2d\u6709943\u540d\u7537\u6027\u548c787\u540d\u5973\u6027\u4e0a\u8fc7\u5b66\uff09[2]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u53cd\u6620\u6574\u4e2a\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u590d\u5174\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u9762\u4e00\u76f4\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u5148\u950b\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5370\u5237\u5382\uff0c\u57281904-1922\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u670950\u5bb6\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u62a5\u7eb8\u95ee\u4e16\uff0c\u800c\u57281936\u5e74\u8d77\u4e49\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u8fd8\u670910\u5bb6\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u95ee\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u4f7f\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u6210\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u65e0\u6cd5\u8be6\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u8fc1\u5165\u548c\u8fc1\u51fa\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u4e0d\u61c8\u52aa\u529b\u662f\u786e\u7acb\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u4ee5\u53ca\u5efa\u7acb20\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u534f\u4f1a\u548c\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6765\u81ea\u8d1d\u9c81\u7279\u548c\u5f00\u7f57\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u7740\u6587\u5316\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6cd5\u6587\u548c\u82f1\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u8003\u8651\u800c\u88ab\u5438\u5f15\u5230\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4f7f\u56e2\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\u6559\u80b2\u6c1b\u56f4\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6587\u5316\u6c1b\u56f4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5267\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u67d0\u79cd\u201c\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u201d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u610f\u4e49\u91cd\u5927\u3002\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6587\u76f2\u73b0\u8c61\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u5b9e\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u3002[3]\u901a\u4fd7\u8bd7\u6b4c\u5c24\u5176\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u519c\u6751\u7fa4\u4f17\u5bf9\u4e8b\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e61\u6751\u7684\u52a8\u5458\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1778631633771TRlA5e.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-05-13T00:20:34Z\/86400\/host\/2f1ec0a173593b462bdb530dfdf155b461b1595e1742b2927cb765c9bfa461f9\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u8d1d\u9c81\u7279\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5916\u6559\u4f1a1863\u5e74\u521b\u529e\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u57ce\u5e02\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5c01\u5efa\u5730\u4e3b\u6216\u5546\u4e1a\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e3b\u5f20\u8fdb\u884c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4f46\u5ba2\u89c2\u6761\u4ef6\u7edd\u4e0d\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u9886\u5bfc\u8fd9\u79cd\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u5904\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89c9\u609f\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u540c\u884c\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c9\u609f\u3002\u9769\u547d\u62e5\u62a4\u8005\u4e0e\u53cd\u52a8\u6d3e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9769\u547d\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5206\u5b50\u4e0e\u5931\u8d25\u4e3b\u4e49\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u671d\u7740\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u9769\u547d\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u8bf4\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u4f4d\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6216\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u547c\u5401\u62b5\u6297\u6b96\u6c11\u654c\u4eba\u3002\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u867d\u7136\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u9769\u547d\u515a\u52a8\u5458\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5904\u5883\u662f\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u5b66\u4e1a\u56de\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u9886\u5bfc\u6c11\u65cf\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u56e0\u81ea\u5df1\u65e0\u6cd5\u53c2\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e76\u4ece\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca\u800c\u611f\u5230\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u53d7\u5230\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u538b\u8feb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u5c01\u5efa\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u884c\u4f7f\u7edd\u5bf9\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u3002\u901a\u4fd7\u8bd7\u6b4c\u5f80\u5f80\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u987a\u4ece\uff0c\u800c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8bd7\u4eba\uff0c\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u8f7b\u6613\u6d88\u9664\u8fd9\u79cd\u987a\u4ece\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u8bd5\u56fe\u514b\u670d\u519c\u6751\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u987a\u4ece\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4f20\u64ad\u8fdb\u6b65\u610f\u8bc6\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u7a81\u51fa\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u74e6\u8fea\u00b7\u5e03\u65af\u5854\u5c3c\uff08Wadi al-Bustani\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u88d4\u8bd7\u4eba\uff0c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u8d1d\u9c81\u7279\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u5e76\u5b9a\u5c45\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u6b65\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u300a\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5f53\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u7387\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u8be5\u5ba3\u8a00\u53ca\u5176\u6311\u6218\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4efb\u804c\u671f\u95f4\uff08\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u6b66\u88c5\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\uff09\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u652f\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u9769\u547d\u8bd7\u4eba\u5148\u950b\u961f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6210\u4e3a\u7fa4\u4f17\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1778631676520FJVDEF.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-05-13T00:21:17Z\/86400\/host\/c0a0a88c8f388dfe448e76e9b723eaeebc4257f4f1a3909171d2cf44ec0885f2\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u74e6\u8fea\u00b7\u5e03\u65af\u5854\u5c3c\u5f69\u7ed8\u50cf\uff08\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u4f1a\uff09<\/p>\n<p>1920\u5e741\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u59d4\u4efb\u7edf\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u81f4\u51fd\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u6d77\u6cd5\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6742\u5fd7\u300a\u5361\u6885\u5c14\u300b\uff08Karmel\uff09\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u53d1\u8868\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u8457\u540d\u8bd7\u4eba\u9a6c\u9c81\u592b\u00b7\u91cc\u8428\u83f2\uff08Ma&#8217;ruf Al-Risafi\uff09\u732e\u7ed9\u82f1\u56fd\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4e13\u5458\u7684\u4e00\u9996\u8bd7\uff0c\u8fd9\u9996\u8bd7\u8d5e\u7f8e\u548c\u8bb4\u6b4c\u4e86\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4e13\u5458\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u8036\u80e1\u8fbe\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u6f14\u8bb2\u5bb6\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u540c\u610f\u53d1\u8868\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u8868\u4e00\u7bc7\u56de\u4fe1\u3002\u5e03\u65af\u5854\u5c3c\u4ee5\u4e00\u9996\u8bd7\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5199\u4e86\u56de\u590d\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u72b9\u5927\u7684\u201d\u6f14\u8bb2\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u5deb\u672f\u884c\u4e3a\uff1f\u91cc\u8428\u83f2\u5728\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7684\u8c0e\u8a00\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7528\u8bcd\u7cbe\u70bc\uff0c\u4f60\u719f\u77e5\u6d77\u4e0a\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7684\u7470\u5b9d<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u6d77\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u4e49\u9ad8\u6da8\uff0c\u4f4e\u6f6e\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb<\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u554a\uff01\u8de8\u8fc7\u7ea6\u65e6\u6cb3\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8868\u4eb2\uff0c\u4f46\u6765\u81ea\u5927\u6d77\u5f7c\u5cb8\u7684\u4eba\u5374\u4ee4\u4eba\u751f\u7591\u3002[4]<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u9996\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u540d\u7684\u957f\u8bd7\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8ba9\u91cc\u8428\u83f2\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e11\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5c31\u65ad\u8a00\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u79fb\u6c11\u53ca\u5176\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u5206\u88c2\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u65b9\u9762\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u300a\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u53731920\u5e743\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u5e03\u65af\u5854\u5c3c\u4eb2\u81ea\u9886\u5bfc\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u793a\u5a01\u6e38\u884c\uff0c\u6e38\u884c\u961f\u4f0d\u9ad8\u5531\u4e86\u4e00\u9996\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u6b4c\u66f2\u3002\u4ed6\u88ab\u4f20\u5524\u63a5\u53d7\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\uff1a\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u88ab\u62ac\u5230\u9f50\u80a9\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4f60\u5bf9\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7740\u7684\u4eba\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u54e6\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u54e6\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u88ab\u544a\uff1a\u662f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\uff1a\u4f60\u8fd8\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7559\u7ed9\u8c01\u4e86\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u88ab\u544a\uff1a\u662f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\uff1a\u7136\u540e\u4f60\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6740\u6b7b\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u4e0d\u4fe1\u6559\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u88ab\u544a\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u8fd9\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u97f5\u5f8b\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u3002\u6211\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u65e2\u62bc\u97f5\u53c8\u6709\u97f5\u5f8b\u3002\u5b83\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8bd7\u6b4c\u3002[5]<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8bd7\u6b4c\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u573a\u5408\u8868\u8fbe\u65e0\u52a9\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\u4ece\u4f26\u6566\u8d76\u6765\u53c2\u52a01927\u5e74\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5f00\u5b66\u5178\u793c\u65f6\uff0c\u827e\u54c8\u8fc8\u5fb7\u00b7\u5362\u7279\u83f2\u00b7\u8d5b\u4e49\u5fb7\uff08Ahmad Lutfi al-Said\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57c3\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4e5f\u51fa\u5e2d\u4e86\u5178\u793c\uff0c\u8bd7\u4eba\u4f0a\u65af\u574e\u8fbe\u5c14\u00b7\u80e1\u91cc\uff08Iskandar al-Khuri\uff09\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5199\u7ed9\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\u7684\u8bd7\u53e5\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u5954\u8dd1\u5427\uff0c\u4f60\u4ece\u4f26\u6566\u8d76\u6765\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u6597\u717d\u98ce\u70b9\u706b<\/p>\n<p>\u54e6\uff0c\u9601\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d23\u602a\u4f60\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57c3\u53ca\u5e94\u8be5\u53d7\u5230\u8d23\u5907\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ea\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7a7a\u624b\u800c\u5f52\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1778631713842D5cdCF.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-05-13T00:21:54Z\/86400\/host\/f2ebd6f6a6cfd6d9c5fe30839e877cebb9eb3bb4e7c9dde85afd674d38211ce6\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4f0a\u65af\u574e\u8fbe\u5c14\u00b7\u80e1\u91cc\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u8bd7\u96c6\u300a\u751f\u6d3b\u7247\u6bb5\u300b\u7684\u524d\u8a00\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8bd7\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7cbe\u529b\u6295\u5165\u5230\u5904\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u9996\u5305\u542b\u8ba9\u4eba\u6d41\u6cea\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u6216\u8ba9\u4eba\u53d1\u7b11\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6539\u9769\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bfb\u8005\u6216\u542c\u4f17\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u90fd\u66f4\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bd7\u6b4c\u5728\u6211\u80f8\u4e2d\u6d8c\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6211\u7684\u820c\u5934\u4e0a\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23\u00b7\u56fe\u574e\uff08Ibrahim Tuqan\uff09\u3001\u963f\u5e03\u00b7\u8428\u5c14\u9a6c\uff08\u963f\u535c\u675c\u52d2\u00b7\u5361\u91cc\u59c6\u00b7\u5361\u5c14\u7c73\uff09\uff08Abu Salma\uff08Abd al-Karim al-Karmi\uff09\uff09\u548c\u963f\u535c\u675c\u52d2\u00b7\u62c9\u5e0c\u59c6\u00b7\u9a6c\u54c8\u8302\u5fb7\uff08Abd al-Rahim Mahmud\uff09\u662f30\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u4ee5\u6765\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bd7\u4eba\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7c\u4f7c\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9769\u547d\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u6fc0\u6602\u60c5\u7eea\u611f\u67d3\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u963f\u8428\u592b\u00b7\u7eb3\u6c99\u5e0c\u6bd4\uff08As&#8217;af al-Nashashibi\uff09\u3001\u54c8\u5229\u52d2\u00b7\u8428\u5361\u57fa\u5c3c\uff08Khalil al-Sakakini\uff09\u3001\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23\u00b7\u8fbe\u5df4\u683c\uff08Ibrahim al-Dabbagh\uff09\u3001\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u00b7\u54c8\u6851\u00b7\u963f\u62c9\u4e01\uff08Muhammed Hasan Ala al-Din\uff09\u3001\u5e03\u5c14\u6c49\u00b7\u963f\u5e03\u5e0c\uff08Burhan al-Abbushi\uff09\u3001\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u00b7\u5e93\u5c14\u5e0c\u5fb7\uff08Muhammed Khurshid\uff09\u3001\u5361\u4e9a\u8428\u5c14\u00b7\u5e93\u91cc\uff08Qayasar al-Khuri\uff09\u3001\u7267\u5e08\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u6bd4\u5854\u5c14\uff08George Bitar\uff09\u3001\u5e03\u6d1b\u65af\u00b7\u5e0c\u54c8\u8fbe\uff08Bulos Shihada\uff09\u3001\u7a46\u7279\u62c9\u514b\u00b7\u963f\u535c\u675c\u52d2\u00b7\u54c8\u5229\u514b\uff08Mutlaq Abd al-Khaliq\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe\u574e\u3001\u5361\u5c14\u7c73\u548c\u9a6c\u54c8\u8302\u5fb7\u8fd9\u4e09\u4f4d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u975e\u51e1\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u7fa4\u4f17\u5708\u5b50\u4e2d\u6cb8\u6cb8\u626c\u626c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u6709\u7740\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u628a\u63e1\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u4e2d\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u83ab\u540d\u5176\u5999\u7684\u9884\u8a00\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u8868\u8fbe\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fa9\u8bc1\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u827a\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u96c6\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u8bd7\u6b4c\u548c\u901a\u4fd7\u8bd7\u6b4c\u6240\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u6587\u5316\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u6325\u4efb\u4f55\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u3002\u6587\u5b66\u62a5\u7eb8\u548c\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u6545\u4e8b\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fd0\u52a8\u90fd\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5148\u950b\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f18\u7d20\u798f\u00b7\u4f0a\u8428\uff08Yusuf al-Isa\uff09\uff08\u7f16\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u4e00\u540d\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u8bb0\u8005\u3002 1911 \u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u8868\u5f1f\u5728\u5bb6\u4e61\u96c5\u6cd5\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u300a\u6cd5\u62c9\u65af\u6c40\u300b\u62a5\uff0c\u662f\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u6700\u8457\u540d\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u6700\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4e1c\u6b63\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u4e1c\u6b63\u6559\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\u533a\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u3002\uff09\u4e8e1920 \u5e74\u5728\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u73cd\u54c1\u300b\uff08Al-Nafa&#8217;is\uff09\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u793e\u8bba\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u662f\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u662f\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u662f\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u516c\u6c11\u4e5f\u662f\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4ece\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5bb6\u56ed\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5c06\u6c38\u65e0\u5b81\u65e5\u2026\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6587\u5316\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u5f15\u53d1\u8d77\u4e49\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5305\u62ec\u963f\u91cc\u592b\u00b7\u963f\u91cc\u592b\uff08Arif al-Arif\uff09\u3001\u54c8\u5229\u52d2\u00b7\u8428\u5361\u57fa\u5c3c\uff08\u4e00\u4f4d\u5632\u8bbd\u6027\u7684\u8f9b\u8fa3\u6563\u6587\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3001\u6728\u5320\u5e08\u5085\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff09\u3001\u963f\u8428\u592b\u00b7\u7eb3\u6c99\u5e0c\u6bd4\uff08\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0a\u5c42\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u53d7\u8428\u5361\u57fa\u5c3c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5e76\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u89c2\u70b9\uff09\u3001\u963f\u91cc\u592b\u00b7\u963f\u7956\u5c3c\uff08Arif al-Azzuni\uff09\u3001\u9a6c\u54c8\u8302\u5fb7\u00b7\u8d5b\u4e49\u592b\u00b7\u963f\u5c14\u4e01\u00b7\u4f0a\u62c9\u5c3c\uff08Mahmud Saif al-Din al-Irani\uff09\u548c\u7eb3\u8d3e\u8482\u00b7\u897f\u5fb7\u5947\uff08Najati Sidqi\uff09\uff08\u65e9\u671f\u5de6\u6d3e\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c1936\u5e74\u66fe\u8d5e\u626c\u4f0a\u672c-\u54c8\u52d2\u6566\u7684\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u75db\u65a5\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u3002 \u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ece\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u521d\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f16\u5e74\u53f2\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8e1937\u5e74\u548c1938\u5e74\u5728\u300a\u6218\u6597\u300b\uff08Al-Tali&#8217;a\uff09\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002\u963f\u535c\u675c\u62c9\u00b7\u7a46\u8d6b\u5229\u65af\uff08Abdullah Mukhlis\uff09\uff08\u4ed6\u5728\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u547c\u5401\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9636\u7ea7\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\u827a\u672f\u521b\u4f5c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u62c9\u8d3e\u00b7\u80e1\u62c9\u5c3c\uff08Raja al-Hurani\uff09\uff0c\u963f\u535c\u675c\u62c9\u00b7\u73ed\u8fbe\u514b\uff08Abdullah al-Bandak\uff09\uff0c\u54c8\u5229\u52d2\u00b7\u5df4\u8fea\u91cc\uff08Khalil al-Badiri\uff09\uff0c\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f0a\u624e\u7279\u00b7\u8fbe\u74e6\u624e\uff08Muhammad Izzat Darwaza\uff09\u548c\u4f0a\u8428\u00b7\u897f\u5f17\u91cc\uff08Isa al-Sifri\uff09\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5361\u6851\u4e4b\u6b7b\u7684\u60bc\u8bcd\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u9769\u547d\u610f\u4e49\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1778631750837QMNsOs.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-05-13T00:22:31Z\/86400\/host\/4acf711de834255d8ebdf8494c68f090c09fb45fde9a7648091dd38b7f10a381\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7eb3\u8d3e\u8482\u00b7\u897f\u5fb7\u5947\uff0c\u66fe\u52a0\u5165\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u77ed\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u800c\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u662f\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4e92\u52a8\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u6587\u5316\u6c1b\u56f4\u5728\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fbe\u5230\u9ad8\u6f6e\uff0c\u5176\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u8bd7\u6b4c\u548c\u901a\u4fd7\u8bd7\u6b4c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23\u00b7\u56fe\u574e\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba1932\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u57fa\u91d1\u201d\u4ee5\u633d\u6551\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u571f\u5730\u4e0d\u88ab\u5356\u7ed9\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u5c01\u5efa\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u8d2b\u82e6\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u571f\u5730\u843d\u5165\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e4b\u624b\u4e3a\u501f\u53e3\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u57fa\u91d1\uff09\u65f6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8d1f\u8d23\u57fa\u91d1\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\u6709\u516b\u4eba\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u571f\u5730\u7ecf\u7eaa\u4eba\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u65e9\u57281929\u5e74\uff0c\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23\u00b7\u56fe\u574e\u5c31\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u5927\u5730\u4e3b\u5728\u571f\u5730\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d2a\u56fe\u94b1\u8d22\uff0c\u628a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5356\u7ed9\u4e86\u654c\u4eba\uff1b\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5356\u6389\u7684\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bb6\u56ed\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u88ab\u9965\u997f\u6240\u8feb\uff0c\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5bbd\u6055\uff0c\u4f46\u771f\u4e3b\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u672a\u611f\u53d7\u8fc7\u9965\u6e34\u3002\u201d\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e2d\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u50cf\u7518\u5730\u4e00\u6837\u7981\u98df\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4ed6\u7684\u7981\u98df\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u4e9b\u597d\u5904\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7981\u98df\u2014\u2014\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e0d\u5403\u996d\u4f1a\u6b7b\u7684\u3002\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8981\u5356\u5730\uff0c\u7559\u4e00\u5757\u5730\u5b89\u653e\u4ed6\u7684\u5c38\u9aa8\u5427\u3002\u201d[6]<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u56fe\u574e\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u53f2\u8bd7\uff0c\u63cf\u5199\u4e86\u59d4\u4efb\u7edf\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4e09\u4f4d\u70c8\u58eb\u7684\u6b7b\u5211\u5224\u51b3\uff1a\u8428\u6cd5\u5fb7\u7684\u798f\u963f\u5fb7\u00b7\u5e0c\u8d3e\u5179\uff08Fuad Hijazi\uff09\u548c\u963f\u5361\u7684\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u00b7\u6731\u59c6\u6731\u59c6\uff08Muhammad Jumjum\uff09\u548c\u963f\u5854\u00b7\u9f50\u5c14\uff08Ata al-Zir\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u9996\u8bd7\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u9769\u547d\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u963f\u535c\u675c\u52d2\u00b7\u62c9\u5e0c\u59c6\u00b7\u9a6c\u54c8\u8302\u5fb7\u4e8e1935\u5e748\u670814\u65e5\u5199\u7684\u8bd7\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8bd7\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6b63\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u6c99\u7279\u57c3\u7c73\u5c14\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u662f\u6765\u53c2\u89c2\u963f\u514b\u8428\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u5b83\u88ab\u6467\u6bc1\u4e4b\u524d\u544a\u522b\u5b83\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f4d\u8bd7\u4eba\u57281948\u5e74\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u6c99\u8d3e\u62c9\u6218\u5f79\u4e2d\u732e\u51fa\u4e86\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u963f\u5e03\u00b7\u8428\u5c14\u739b\u548c\u56fe\u574e\u4e00\u8d77\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3a\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u62b5\u6297\u8bd7\u6b4c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5728\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5360\u9886\u4e0b\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u62b5\u6297\u8bd7\u6b4c\u6210\u4e3a\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7fa4\u4f17\u5fcd\u8010\u529b\u7684\u6700\u663e\u8457\u8868\u73b0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1778631779767YNOnyf.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-05-13T00:23:00Z\/86400\/host\/4afb95849abc5807aa2b83804e03d2947821c62c823c5dace3f940c7609dbe8c\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6613\u535c\u62c9\u6b23\u00b7\u56fe\u574e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8d77\u4e49\u671f\u95f4\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u8457\u540d\u8bd7\u6b4c\u300aMawtini\uff08\u6211\u7684\u7956\u56fd\uff09\u300b\u57281935-1996\u5e74\u95f4\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u56fd\u6b4c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u4ecd\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u4e1c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e2d\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u56fd\u6b4c<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8bd7\u6b4c\u548c\u901a\u4fd7\u8bd7\u6b4c\u5c31\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e86\u8d77\u4e49\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u7684\u4e8b\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u963f\u5e03\u00b7\u8428\u5c14\u739b\u5728\u8bb0\u5f551936\u5e74\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u4e2d\uff0c\u52c7\u6562\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u653f\u6743\u629b\u5f03\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u5931\u671b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u73cd\u60dc\u7956\u56fd\u7684\u4f60\u4eec\u53cd\u6297\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u7684\u538b\u8feb<\/p>\n<p>\u628a\u7956\u56fd\u4ece\u56fd\u738b\u624b\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u628a\u7956\u56fd\u4ece\u5080\u5121\u624b\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u53ef\u4ee5\u9886\u5bfc\u4ed6\u4eec\u8eab\u540e\u7684\u4eba\u6c11<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u56fd\u738b\u4eec\u5982\u6b64\u5351\u5fae\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8be5\u611f\u5230\u7f9e\u803b<\/p>\n<p>\u5929\u554a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u738b\u51a0\u90fd\u4e0d\u914d\u5f53\u978b\u5e95\u4e86<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4fdd\u62a4\u5bb6\u56ed\uff0c\u629a\u5e73\u521b\u4f24\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u5230\u8457\u540d\u8bd7\u4eba\u201c\u963f\u74e6\u5fb7\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281937\u5e74\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u665a\uff0c\u5728\u963f\u514b\u91cc\u7262\u623f\u7684\u5899\u58c1\u4e0a\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u9996\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u65b0\u90ce\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5bf9\u6297\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u7978\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7528\u5251\u5272\u6389\u4ed6\u7684\u80e1\u5b50\u3002\u7528\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u67aa\u6746\u6447\u52a8\u957f\u77db\uff1b\u4f60\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52c7\u58eb\u6765\u81ea\u4f55\u65b9\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\u2014\u2014\u8363\u5e78\u5730\u6b22\u8fce\u4f60\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65b0\u90ce\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\uff0c\u522b\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u75db\u996e\u9c9c\u8840\u3002\u5728\u5df4\u5c14\u963f\u548c\u74e6\u8fea\u00b7\u56fe\u6cd5\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u88ad\u51fb\u548c\u6b66\u88c5\u51b2\u7a81\u2026\u2026\u54e6\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u5728\u6b4c\u5531\uff0c\u5728\u541f\u8bf5\u3002\u5728\u62dc\u7279\u963f\u59c6\u6797\u6218\u5f79\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u542c\u5230\u4e86\u67aa\u58f0\uff0c\u8bf7\u4ece\u9633\u53f0\u4e0a\u770b\u770b\u6211\u4eec\u5427\u3002\u201d[7]<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5165\u4fb5\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u59d4\u4efb\u7edf\u6cbb\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff09\u7684\u53cd\u52a8\u6d3e\u8fd9\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u7684\u6124\u6012\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u4e25\u5cfb\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5347\u7ea7\u548c\u6b66\u88c5\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u201c\u6587\u5316\u201d\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u57ce\u9547\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bf1\u53d1\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\uff1a\u201c\u5584\u826f\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ec7\u6068\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\uff1f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u67aa\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u72ee\u5b50\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\uff1b\u67aa\u53e3\u88ab\u9732\u6c34\u6253\u6e7f\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u7684\u6b65\u67aa\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u63a8\u9500\u5458\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u4e70\u4e0b\u5b83\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u5fc3\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b89\u5b81\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6b65\u67aa\u56e0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4f7f\u7528\u800c\u751f\u9508\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u6218\u58eb\u4ecd\u7136\u6e34\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u5b83\u3002\u201d[8]<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u717d\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u53f7\u53ec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u4e86\u975e\u540c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5728\u6240\u6709\u529d\u4eba\u987a\u4ece\u7684\u8c1a\u8bed\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u5f15\u9886\u4e0b\uff0c\u6d41\u884c\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7a81\u7136\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\uff0c\u8d2b\u5f31\u5987\u5973\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u5356\u6389\u4f60\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\uff0c\u4e70\u4e00\u628a\u67aa\uff1b\u5f53\u8d77\u4e49\u89e3\u9664\u4f60\u7684\u5fe7\u8651\u65f6\uff0c\u67aa\u4f1a\u6bd4\u4f60\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u201d[9]<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u51b2\u7a81\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c16\u9510\uff0c\u201c\u67aa\u201d\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u547c\u5524\u987a\u4ece\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u56f4\u5899\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u53d8\u5f97\u80fd\u591f\u6233\u7a7f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u8d77\u4e49\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u2014\u2014\u80dc\u8fc7\u8fc7\u53bb\u6700\u6e29\u6696\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff1a\u6bcd\u4eb2\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b97\u6cd5\u5236\u5c01\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\u5374\u56e0\u5176\u65e0\u80fd\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u3001\u6743\u5a01\u548c\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u800c\u50f5\u5316\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u800c\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5de5\u519c\u4e5f\u6df1\u53d7\u5176\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51b2\u7a81\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\u548c\u52a0\u6df1\uff0c\u5c40\u52bf\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5371\u6025\uff0c\u4e0d\u65f6\u7206\u53d1\u6b66\u88c5\u6597\u4e89\uff081929-1933\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5c01\u5efa\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u529b\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u59d4\u4efb\u7edf\u6cbb\u7ed3\u76df\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u76f8\u53cd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u2014\u2014\u8d2b\u7a77\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7fa4\u4f17\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u5411\u4f55\u5904\u6c42\u52a9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u57ce\u5e02\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u529b\u91cf\u8584\u5f31\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee5\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8f6c\u578b\u9636\u6bb5\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u9886\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bc4\u751f\u866b\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u5904\u4e8e\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u548c\u5ba2\u89c2\u6761\u4ef6\u90fd\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e0e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u5927\u65b9\u5411\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u9a70\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u519c\u6751\u5bcc\u5bb6\u5b50\u5f1f\u3001\u9752\u5e74\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u9f13\u52a8\u4eba\u6c11\u8d77\u4e49\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u7a81\u51fa\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u5927\u5b66\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\u56de\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u65e7\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49-\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u8054\u76df\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u5f00\u59cb\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u4ee5\u6781\u5176\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u611f\u60c5\u6df7\u6742\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6df7\u6742\u53c8\u662f\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4e3b\u5ba2\u89c2\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u793e\u4f1a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5c01\u5efa\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u7684\u4fd8\u864f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9274\u4e8e\u8d2b\u7a77\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u5728\u57ce\u9547\u548c\u4e61\u6751\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u538b\u8feb\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u9636\u7ea7\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u9636\u7ea7\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u9488\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u95f4\u7262\u56fa\u7684\u3001\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u5728\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u8054\u76df\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5fd8\u8bb0\u8fd9\u573a\u6597\u4e89\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5165\u4fb5\u662f\u4ee5\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u72c2\u70ed\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u72c2\u70ed\u4e0e\u5176\u6240\u6709\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u519c\u6751\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5949\u884c\u5b97\u6559\u539f\u6559\u65e8\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u654c\u89c6\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u5de6\u6d3e\u6742\u5fd7\u300a\u6307\u5357\u9488\u300b\uff08Matzpen\uff09\uff08\u7b2c5\u671f\uff0c1971\u5e744\u6708\uff09\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u201c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u201d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9ed1\u8c79\u8fd0\u52a8\u65f6\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u77db\u76fe\u6709\u65f6\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u9636\u7ea7\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5b97\u6d3e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u201d\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5165\u4fb5\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6c11\u65cf\u538b\u8feb\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9636\u7ea7\u538b\u8feb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6d77\u6cd5\u7684\u7a46\u592b\u63d0\u548c\u8bd7\u4eba\u74e6\u8fea\u00b7\u5e03\u65af\u5854\u5c3c\u7684\u6307\u6325\u4e0b\uff0c\u5148\u77e5\u8bde\u8fb0\u7684\u5e86\u795d\u6d3b\u52a8\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u96c6\u4f1a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9886\u8896\u548c\u77e5\u540d\u4eba\u58eb\u90fd\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u96c6\u4f1a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u88ab\u9080\u8bf7\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5723\u4eba\u8282\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u57ce\u9547\u4e2d\u5e26\u6709\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u8282\u65e5\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1778631821894_zLYRp.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-05-13T00:23:42Z\/86400\/host\/e05593facda763e3183f44f4f48d679b5ac5a318dae070ffbfa5fbfd3023ead0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u6307\u5357\u9488\u300b\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4f20\u5355\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u53d1\u7ed9\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u72b9\u592a\u5f8b\u5e08\u548c\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\u3002\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1aX\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5c01\u5efa\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u5f00\u59cb\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u57ce\u5e02\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u8f6f\u5f31\u65e0\u80fd\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7ed3\u76df\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u89c4\u6a21\u5f88\u5c0f\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u8f6f\u5f31\u65e0\u80fd\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f31\u70b9\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53d7\u5230\u72b9\u592a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5176\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6210\u5458\u81ea20\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u53d7\u5230\u5c01\u5efa\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u7684\u538b\u8feb\u548c\u6050\u5413\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c1936\u5e74\u7684\u8d77\u4e49\u6210\u4e3a\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005: \u683c\u6851\u00b7\u5361\u7eb3\u6cd5\u5c3c\u00a0 \u00a0 \u8bd1\u8005: \u7c73\u5229\u6770 \u8bd1\u8005\u6309 1936\u5e744\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u6c11\u4e00\u58f0\u58f0\u201c\u5e9f\u9664\u82f1\u56fd\u59d4\u4efb [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15],"tags":[661,20034],"views":7,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70243"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=70243"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70243\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70265,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70243\/revisions\/70265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=70243"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=70243"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=70243"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}