\u4f5c\u8005: \u8d75\u6bc5\u8861<\/p>\n
\u672c\u6587\u8bb8\u591a\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u7684\u5f15\u6587\uff0c\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u7ea6\u7ff0\u3002\u7ebd\u8f9b\u683c\uff08John Newsinger)\u57282002\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u82f1\u56fd\u300a\u65b0\u5de6\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\uff08New Left Review)\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u201c\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u52cb\u7235\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u201d\uff08Lord Elgin and the China Wars),\u7279\u6b64\u81f4\u8c22\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7b14\u8005\u770b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u7ebd\u8f9b\u683c\u5148\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8be5\u6587\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e25\u5389\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u201c\u707e\u96be\uff0c\u8352\u5e74\uff0c\u9965\u9991\uff0d\uff0d\u201d\uff0c\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u4f2f\u7235\u66fe\u7ecf\u611f\u53f9\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u52a0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u5355\u5b50\u4e0a\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u9884\u611f\u679c\u7136\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u6dfb\u4e0a\u4e86\u7b2c\u56db\u5927\u707e\u201c\u70e7\u56ed\u201d\u3002\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bc1\u706d\u5706\u660e\u56ed\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6c38\u8fdc\u9489\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u803b\u8fb1\u67f1\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u800c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u6301\u6587\u5316\u6279\u5224\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u6240\u8c61\u5f81\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5341\u5206\u53cd\u611f\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u4f17\uff0c\u591a\u5c11\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u4e0d\u540d\u8a89\u3002\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u5374\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\uff0d\uff0d\u4e03\u4e16\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u4f2f\u7235\u3002\u6b64\u4eba\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u4efb\u82f1\u56fd\u9a7b\u5965\u6258\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u571f\u5c14\u5176\u7edf\u6cbb\u5e0c\u814a\uff0c\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u4fdd\u62a4\u6587\u7269\u201d\uff0c\u628a\u96c5\u5178\u4e07\u795e\u6bbf\u7684\u5927\u7406\u77f3\u8c61\u8fd0\u5230\u4f26\u6566\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u5927\u7406\u77f3\u96d5\u201d(The Elgin Marbles)\u6210\u4e3a\u5927\u82f1\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4e00\u53f7\u73cd\u85cf\u54c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u4eca\u5e0c\u814a\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e00\u53f7\u4e89\u6267\u3002\u5176\u5b59\u4e5d\u4e16\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u4f2f\u7235\u4e5f\u4e3a\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u4efb\u82f1\u6b96\u6c11\u5927\u81e3\uff0c\u201c\u57f9\u517b\u51fa\u201d\u4ed6\u7684\u4ed8\u90e8\u957f\u90b1\u5409\u5c14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u6301\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u7684\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u4f2f\u7235\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u4e43\u7956\u4e43\u5b59\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u516b\u4e16\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u4f2f\u7235\uff0c\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u3002\u5e03\u9c81\u65af(James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin)\u3002\u6b64\u4eba\u867d\u7136\u540e\u6765\u5b98\u8fbe\u201d\u5370\u5ea6\u603b\u7763\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u751f\u505a\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u5168\u6743\u4f7f\u8282\u201d\uff08Plenipotentiary)\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u957f\u8fbe\u56db\u5e74\uff081857\uff0d1960\u3015\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6b21\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e09\u7ba1\u9f50\u4e0b\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u300a\u5357\u4eac\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u672a\u80fd\u6253\u5f00\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u95e8\u6237\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5217\u5f3a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u88c5\u804b\u4f5c\u54d1\u4fdd\u6301\u95e8\u5173\u6237\u95ed\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u6cd5\u5fcd\u53d7\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c40\u52bf\u6b63\u5728\u5927\u53d8\uff1a\u897f\u65b9\u52bf\u529b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d6\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u5728\u5728\u6e05\u5ef7\u548c\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u51b3\u5b9a\u652f\u6301\u4f55\u8005\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6781\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5f81\u7565\u3002\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u5728\u4e66\u4fe1\u4e2d\u79f0\u5317\u4eac\u4e3a\u201c\u6ee1\u5dde\u4eba\u9996\u90fd\u201d\uff08The Manchu Capital)\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5728\u5357\u4eac\u5317\u4eac\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u80fd\u5b9a\u593a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u82f1\u6cd5\u5728\u5bf9\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u514b\u91cc\u7c73\u4e9a\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u7b79\u5212\u5bf9\u534e\u518d\u6218\u30021856\u5e74\u9999\u6e2f\u603b\u7763\u4fdd\u6797\uff08SirJohnBowring)\u6293\u4f4f\u4e00\u4ef6\u53ef\u505a\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5c0f\u4e8b\uff1a\u4e00\u8258\u66fe\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u201c\u827e\u7f57\u201d\uff08Arrow\uff09\u53f7\u8239\u6d89\u53ca\u8d70\u79c1\uff0c\u88ab\u5e7f\u5dde\u7f09\u79c1\u6c34\u8b66\u767b\u821f\u68c0\u67e5\u5e76\u62d8\u62bc\u534e\u7c4d\u6c34\u624b\uff0c\u636e\u79f0\u8fd8\u964d\u4e0b\u4e86\u8239\u4e0a\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u65d7\u3002\u4e00\u573a\u5916\u4ea4\u98ce\u6ce2\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u7edd\u597d\u7684\u5f00\u6218\u501f\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b21\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\uff0c\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u5230\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7ed3\u96c6\u8d74\u534e\u8fdc\u5f81\u519b\uff0c\u6070\u597d\u4f20\u6765\u5370\u5ea6\u5927\u66b4\u52a8\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u53ea\u80fd\u5e26\u90e8\u961f\u6025\u8d74\u52a0\u5c14\u5404\u7b54\u6551\u706b\u3002\u5bf9\u534e\u6218\u4e8b\u5ef6\u540e\u4e86\u534a\u5e74\u30021857\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u4e0e\u8d76\u5230\u9999\u6e2f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4fc4\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u4f1a\u5546\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u6cd5\u8054\u519b\u6218\u8230\u8fd140\u8258\u9a76\u5165\u73e0\u6c5f\uff0c28\u65e5\u51cc\u6668\u8d77\u5bf9\u5e7f\u5dde\u57ce\u9632\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u663c\u591c\u7684\u75b2\u52b3\u8f70\u51fb\uff0c29\u65e5\u767b\u9646\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4f24\u4ea1\u4fbf\u5360\u9886\u5e7f\u5dde\u3002\u4e24\u5e7f\u603b\u7763\u53f6\u540d\u741b\u575a\u6301\u201c\u516d\u4e0d\u201d\uff08\u4e0d\u6218\u4e0d\u548c\u4e0d\u5b88\u4e0d\u6b7b\u4e0d\u964d\u4e0d\u8d70\uff09\uff0c\u88ab\u6293\u5230\u52a0\u5c14\u5404\u7b54\u5ebe\u6b7b\u5704\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
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\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u97ec\u7565\u4e16\u754c\u65e0\u654c\uff0c\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u8f97\u6218\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u6b66\u5668\u4e0a\u7edd\u5bf9\u4f18\u52bf\u5c1a\u5728\u6b21\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2a\u653f\u5ba2\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u519b\u4e8b\u5931\u8d25\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5c31\u660e\u767d\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u5bf9\u7b56\u624d\u662f\u6709\u6548\u529e\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u7684\u5f1f\u5f1f\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u9a7b\u534e\u5927\u4f7f\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u300a\u5929\u6d25\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7684\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u672c\u4eba\u8fdc\u5f81\u65e5\u672c\u540e\uff0c1859\u5e74\u56de\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u5347\u5b98\u5165\u9601\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5f1f\u5f1f\u60f3\u7528\u51ef\u65cb\u5f0f\u8fdb\u4eac\uff0c\u906d\u5230\u4e25\u62d2\uff0c6\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u6307\u6325\u8230\u961f\u518d\u6b21\u91cd\u6f14\u51b2\u51fb\u5927\u6cbd\u8981\u585e\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f24\u4ea1\u4e00\u5343\u4e4b\u4f17\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u53f2\u4e0a\u5c11\u6709\u7684\u60e8\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u518d\u6b21\u53d7\u4efb\uff0c\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u633d\u6551\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u7ed3\u96c6\u4e8c\u4e07\u82f1\u6cd5\u8fdc\u5f81\u519b\uff0c1860\u5e74\u6625\u5929\u51fa\u53d1\u5317\u4e0a\uff0c\u9646\u7eed\u5360\u9886\u821f\u5c71\uff0c\u5927\u8fde\uff0c\u70df\u53f0\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u5bf9\u6e24\u6d77\u6e7e\u7684\u5c01\u9501\u30028\u670812\u65e5\u4ece\u4e0d\u8bbe\u9632\u7684\u5317\u5858\u767b\u9646\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u5360\u9886\u519b\u7cae\u57ce\u4e0e\u5858\u6cbd\uff0c10\u5929\u540e\u518d\u653b\u5927\u6cbd\u8981\u585e\uff0c\u50e7\u5404\u6797\u6c81\u5f03\u5b88\uff0c\u6e05\u5ef7\u8d76\u7d27\u6c42\u548c\uff0c\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u5374\u523b\u610f\u4ee5\u82db\u523b\u6761\u4ef6\u62d2\u548c\uff0c\u8fdb\u903c\u901a\u5dde\uff0c\u516b\u91cc\u6865\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4eac\u90ca\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u6e05\u5ef7\u614c\u4e71\u65e0\u8ba1\uff0c\u54b8\u4e30\u51fa\u9003\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u75c5\u6b7b\u4e0e\u70ed\u548c\u884c\u5bab\u3002<\/p>\n
1860\u5e7410\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u5230\u8fbe\u5317\u4eac\u897f\u90ca\u7684\u6cd5\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u9996\u5148\u62a2\u52ab\u5706\u660e\u56ed\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u58eb\u5175\u9a6c\u4e0a\u8d76\u6765\u54c4\u62a2\u3002\u6b64\u756a\u62a2\u52ab\u5e76\u975e\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e25\u4ee4\u963b\u6b62\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u897f\u90ca\u4e07\u5bff\u5c71\uff0c\u7389\u6cc9\u5c71\uff0c\u9999\u5c71\u5747\u906d\u62a2\u52ab\u300210\u5929\u540e\uff0c10\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u5b88\u57ce\u7684\u6e05\u519b\u6740\u6b7b\u8054\u519b\u5341\u516b\u540d\u6218\u4fd8\u201c\u4ee5\u632f\u519b\u5a01\u201d\uff0c\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u4e0b\u4ee4\u706b\u70e7\u5df2\u7ecf\u62a2\u6b8b\u7684\u5706\u660e\u56ed\u201c\u4ee5\u793a\u60e9\u7f5a\u201d\uff0c\u5927\u706b\u5ef6\u70e73\u65e5\uff0c\u6d53\u70df\u7b3c\u7f69\u5317\u4eac\uff0c13\u65e5\u8054\u519b\u653b\u9677\u5b89\u5b9a\u95e8\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u9677\u843d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u7b7e\u8ba2\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5185\u5730\u4f20\u6559\u534e\u5de5\u51fa\u56fd\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
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1847\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u603b\u7763\uff0c\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5c31\u9047\u52301948\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u5e74\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u72ec\u7acb\u6d3e\uff0c\u8bb2\u6cd5\u8bed\u7684\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b63\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u8fc1\u5165\u5317\u7f8e\u7684\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u8c0b\u5212\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9769\u547d\u3002\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u8fc5\u901f\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u8d23\u4efb\u5185\u9601\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8bae\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u82f1\u738b\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7ed9\u4e88\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u534a\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6b64\u4e8b\u4f7f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u90fd\u5f02\u5e38\u9707\u6012\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u917f\u6210\u66b4\u52a8\uff0c\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u672c\u4eba\u88ab\u66b4\u4f17\u6bb4\u6253\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u6c89\u7740\u5e94\u4ed8\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n
1854\u5e74\u4ed6\u56de\u5230\u4f26\u6566\uff0c\u4ece\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u8f6c\u5165\u8f89\u683c\u515a\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u515a\uff09\u3002\u4e0a\u9662\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u9080\u8bf7\u4ed6\u52a0\u5165\u3002\u6b63\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e0a\u9762\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684\u201c\u827e\u7f57\u53f7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u3002\u9996\u76f8\u5e15\u9ed8\u65af\u6566\uff08Henry Palmerston)\u8981\u501f\u6b64\u53d1\u52a8\u5bf9\u534e\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u501f\u53e3\u672c\u8eab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u8352\u5510\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u6781\u529b\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8bae\u6848\u88ab\u591a\u6570\u8bae\u5458\u51fb\u8d25\u3002\u5e15\u9ed8\u65af\u6566\u88ab\u8feb\u89e3\u6563\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u63d0\u524d\u4e3e\u884c\u5927\u9009\uff0c\u7528\u201c\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u717d\u52a8\u9009\u6c11\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u8005\u5360\u591a\u6570\u7684\u65b0\u8bae\u4f1a\u3002\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u80cc\u666f\u4e0a\u88ab\u9009\u4f5c\u5bf9\u534e\u8fdc\u5f81\u519b\u7edf\u5e05\u3002<\/p>\n
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