{"id":70948,"date":"2026-05-30T05:42:12","date_gmt":"2026-05-29T21:42:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=70948"},"modified":"2026-05-30T05:42:12","modified_gmt":"2026-05-29T21:42:12","slug":"%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd%e6%8b%92%e7%bb%9d%e5%9c%a8%e6%b2%aa%e5%bb%ba%e7%a7%9f%e7%95%8c%e4%ba%86%e5%90%97%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=70948","title":{"rendered":"\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u62d2\u7edd\u5728\u6caa\u5efa\u79df\u754c\u201d\u4e86\u5417\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4f5c\u8005: \u80e1\u65b0\u6c11\u00a0 \u00a0 \u6765\u6e90: \u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u53f7\u201c\u6dee\u5de6\u5f90\u90ce\u201d<\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f1848\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u8679\u53e3\u5efa\u5c45\u7559\u5730\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u201c\u5f00\u8f9f\u79df\u754c\u201d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1848\u5e74\uff08\u6e05\u9053\u5149\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u8679\u53e3\u88ab\u8f9f\u4e3a\u7f8e\u4fa8\u5c45\u7559\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u7f51\u4e0a\u6d41\u4f20\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e16\u5b50\uff1a\u201c1852\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u62d2\u7edd\u5728\u6caa\u5efa\u79df\u754c\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u7b14\u8005\u67e5\u9605\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e16\u5b50\u7684\u7d20\u6750\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u672c\u6770\u660e\u00b7\u9c8d\u5a01\u5c14\u6240\u8457\u7684\u300a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u5e16\u5b50\u5bf9\u4e66\u4e2d\u5185\u5bb9\u5728\u6587\u5b57\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u6da6\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u672c\u6770\u660e\u00b7\u9c8d\u5a01\u5c14(1888-1947)\uff0c\u751f\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bc6\u82cf\u91cc\u5dde\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u62c5\u4efb\u5bc6\u82cf\u91cc\u5927\u5b66\u65b0\u95fb\u5b66\u9662\u8bb2\u5e08\u3002\u4ed61917\u5e74\u6765\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0a\u6d77\u300a\u5bc6\u52d2\u6c0f\u8bc4\u8bba\u62a5\u300b\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u5e76\u57281922\u5e74\u6210\u4e3a\u8be5\u62a5\u7684\u4e3b\u529e\u4eba\u548c\u4e3b\u7f16\u3002\u9c8d\u5a01\u5c14\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6240\u89c1\u6240\u95fb\u5199\u8fdb\u4e86\u300a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u300b\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u786e\u5b9e\u5199\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6bd4\u8d77\u522b\u7684\u4e1c\u65b9\u6d77\u6e2f\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u53d7\u65e9\u671f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u591a\u3002\u4e0a\u6d77\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u6709\u90a3\u79cd\u5947\u7279\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5e02\u653f\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u8bf4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u5546\u4e1a\u9886\u4e8b\u80af\u5b81\u6c49\uff08Cunningham\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u80af\u5b81\u6c49\u5148\u751f\u5728\u4e00\u516b\u4e94\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e09\u4e03\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u5730\u5c31\u5728\u82f1\u79df\u754c\u63d2\u4e0a\u4e00\u9762\u7f8e\u56fd\u661f\u6761\u65d7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7ba1\u82f1\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u7684\u6124\u6168\u4e0d\u5e73\u4e0e\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u5c31\u5ba3\u79f0\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u6b64\u533a\u57df\u5185\u8ddf\u82f1\u56fd\u6709\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5f53\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c34\u5c2c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u540e\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u5f88\u4e0d\u597d\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u6253\u7b97\u628a\u82cf\u5dde\u6cb3\u4ee5\u5317\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u82f1\u79df\u754c\u754c\u5740\u4ee5\u5317\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u5757\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u9762\u79ef\u76f8\u7b49\u4e8e\u82f1\u79df\u754c\uff0c\u5212\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u79df\u754c\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u89e3\u51b3\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4e89\u6267\u3002\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4e00\u542c\u81ea\u7136\u5927\u559c\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8d76\u5fd9\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8fd9\u4efd\u793c\u7269\uff1b\u5e76\u7acb\u523b\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u91cc\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u884c\u653f\u5b98\u7f72\u548c\u5b98\u5458\u4f4f\u5b85\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u8679\u53e3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u62a5\u5230\u534e\u76db\u987f\u65f6\uff0c\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5374\u62d2\u7edd\u4e88\u4ee5\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u5e76\u5ba3\u79f0\u8fd9\u79cd\u51b3\u5b9a\u8ddf\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u571f\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5927\u76f8\u8fdd\u80cc\u3002\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u83b7\u77e5\u4ed6\u4eec\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u540e\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u7070\u5fc3\u4e27\u6c14\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u53bb\u8bf1\u8bf4\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u8981\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u540c\u610f\u628a\u82cf\u5dde\u6cb3\u4ee5\u5317\u7684\u8679\u53e3\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u8ddf\u82cf\u5dde\u6cb3\u4ee5\u5357\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u79df\u754c\u5408\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u8d77;\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u2018\u516c\u5171\uff08\u56fd\u9645\uff09\u79df\u754c\u2019\u3002\u201d
\n\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77<\u5bc6\u52d2\u6c0f\u8bc4\u8bba\u62a5>\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u9c8d\u60e0\u5c14\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\u9ec4\u5c71\u4e66\u793e 2008\u5e749\u6708 \u7b2c20-21\u9875<\/p>\n

\u7b14\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u67e5\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u53f2\u6599\u6765\u5370\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6750\u6599\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u516c\u5171\u79df\u754c\u201d\u662f\u786e\u51ff\u7684\u53f2\u5b9e\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f1848\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u8679\u53e3\u5efa\u5c45\u7559\u5730\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u201c\u5f00\u8f9f\u79df\u754c\u201d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u4e13\u5bb6\u9676\u6587\u948a\u6240\u8457\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u300b\u662f\u88ab\u516c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u300a\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2 \u4e0a\u5377\u300b\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u968f\u7740\u4e94\u53e3\u5f00\u653e\u901a\u5546\uff0c\u5916\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u6761\u7ea6\u5728\u901a\u5546\u53e3\u5cb8\u5212\u5b9a\u4f9b\u5916\u4fa8\u2018\u5c45\u4f4f\u548c\u7ecf\u5546\u2019\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5373\u79df\u754c\u3002\u79df\u754c\u9996\u5148\u5728\u5bf9\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0a\u6d77\u51fa\u73b0\u30021845\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7387\u5148\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u5212\u5b9a\u79df\u754c\u30021848\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3b\u6559\u6587\u60e0\u5ec9\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u6559\u58eb\u5728\u82cf\u5dde\u6cb3\u5317\u5cb8\u8679\u53e3\u5efa\u9020\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4fa8\u6c11\u4e5f\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u8d2d\u7f6e\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u623f\u5c4b\u3002\u6587\u60e0\u5ec9\u7ecf\u4e0e\u4e0a\u6d77\u9053\u53f0\u4e00\u518d\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u624d\u5141\u4ee5\u8be5\u5730\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5c45\u7559\u5730\uff0c1863\u5e746\u6708\u624d\u6b63\u5f0f\u5212\u5b9a\u4e86\u754c\u5740\u30029\u6708\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u82f1\u7f8e\u79df\u754c\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u516c\u5171\u79df\u754c\u3002\u82f1\u7f8e\u9886\u4e8b\u652b\u53d6\u79df\u754c\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u3001\u8b66\u536b\u6743\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u6743\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u5e76\u5728\u79df\u754c\u9a7b\u624e\u6b66\u88c5\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6210\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u884c\u653f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u2018\u56fd\u4e2d\u4e4b\u56fd\u2019\u3002\u4e0a\u6d77\u516c\u5171\u79df\u754c\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u65e7\u4e2d\u56fd\u79df\u754c\u4e2d\u6700\u5b8c\u5584\u3001\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u3002\u201d
\n\u2014\u2014\u300a\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u4e0a\u5377\u300b\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e 2004\u5e747\u6708\u7b2c7\u9875<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u636e\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u5916\u6761\u7ea6\u7814\u7a76\u7efc\u8ff0\u300b\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c1854\u5e74\u82f1\u3001\u7f8e\u3001\u6cd5\u9886\u4e8b\u81ea\u884c\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u300a\u4e0a\u6d77\u79df\u5730\u7ae0\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u2018\u79df\u754c\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u4e2d\u4e4b\u56fd\u4e86\u3002\u2019\u201d
\n\u2014\u2014\u674e\u80b2\u6c11\u7b49\u8457\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u5916\u6761\u7ea6\u7814\u7a76\u7efc\u8ff0\u300b\u6e56\u5357\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e 2011\u5e744\u6708 \u7b2c211\u9875<\/p>\n

\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f8e\u56fd\u8981\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u641e\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\u5462\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u4e13\u5bb6\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u5728\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u534e\u5730\u4f4d\u66fe\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cbf\u6d77\u7ecf\u5546\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7279\u522b\u6392\u65a5\u522b\u56fd\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u8fd9\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u653f\u7b56\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u9ed8\u8bb8\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5076\u5c14\u53d1\u53d1\u7262\u9a9a\u7f62\u4e86\u3002\u201d
\n\u2014\u2014\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\uff1a\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8bc6\u51fa\u7248\u793e 1999\u5e749\u6708 \u7b2c296\u9875<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6d77\u516c\u5171\u79df\u754c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u300a\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\u300b\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u4e0a\u6d77\u516c\u5171\u79df\u754c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u79df\u754c\u53f2\u4e0a\u662f\u5f00\u8f9f\u6700\u65e9\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u957f\uff0c\u9762\u79ef\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u6784\u6700\u5e9e\u5927\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u6700\u4e3a\u5145\u5206\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u79df\u754c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c1843\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u300a\u5357\u4eac\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u6210\u4e3a\u5411\u5916\u5546\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u901a\u5546\u53e3\u5cb8\u300212\u6708\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u9053\u53f0\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u5212\u5b9a\u4e86\u5916\u6ee9\u82f1\u56fd\u79df\u754c\u7684\u5357\u5317\u754c\u9650\u30021844\u5e74\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u82f1\u8d44\u6021\u548c\u6d0b\u884c\u3001\u5b9d\u987a\u6d0b\u884c\u79df\u501f\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u571f\u5730\u30021845\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u82f1\u4f1a\u8ba2\u300a\u4e0a\u6d77\u571f\u5730\u7ae0\u7a0b\u300b\u30021846\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u79df\u754c\u7684\u897f\u754c\u4e5f\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\uff08\u4eca\u6cb3\u5357\u8def\uff09\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c1848\u5e7411\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u82f1\u79df\u754c\u7684\u897f\u754c\u63a8\u8fdb\u5230\u4eca\u897f\u85cf\u8def\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5141\u8bb8\u7f8e\u56fd\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5728\u8679\u53e3\u5f00\u8f9f\u7f8e\u56fd\u79df\u754c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u7167\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u96be\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u201c1852\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u62d2\u7edd\u5728\u6caa\u5efa\u79df\u754c\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u201d\u7684\u5e16\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u56de\u4e8b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4f5c\u8005: \u80e1\u65b0\u6c11\u00a0 \u00a0 \u6765\u6e90: \u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u53f7\u201c\u6dee\u5de6\u5f90\u90ce\u201d \u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f1848\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u8679\u53e3\u5efa\u5c45\u7559\u5730\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[20161,6071,603],"views":6,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70948"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=70948"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70948\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70950,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70948\/revisions\/70950"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=70948"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=70948"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=70948"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}